INTRODUCTION

Antacids are medicines that neutralize naturally produced acid in the stomach.
They contain ingredients such as aluminum, calcium, magnesium, or sodium
bicarbonate which act as bases (alkalis) to counteract stomach acid and make its
pH more neutral. Antacids are used to relieve the symptoms of
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD, also known as acid reflux), heartburn
or indigestion (also called dyspepsia). By neutralizing stomach acid, antacids
relieve symptoms such as burning behind the breast bone or throat area
(esophagus) caused by acid reflux, a bitter taste in the mouth, a persistent dry
cough, pain when lying down, or regurgitation.
Some antacids are also used for completely unrelated medical conditions, for
example, aluminum antacids lower elevated blood phosphate levels and
prevent the formation of kidney stones, calcium carbonate antacids treat
calcium deficiency, and magnesium oxide antacids treat magnesium deficiency.
Antacids usually come in the following drug forms:
1. liquid
2. chewable gummy or tablet
3. powder that you dissolve in water to drink
 THEORY

Types Of Antacids

1. Sodium Bicarbonate Antacids: One of the most well-known antacids that

contains sodium is baking soda, or sodium bicarbonate [NaHCO3]. It is both
strong and quick to work. It has a lot of sodium, as the name would imply.
When following a salt-restricted diet, especially if the goal of the diet is to
manage hypertension (high blood pressure), take sodium-containing
antacids only when directed by a physician.

2. Calcium Carbonate Antacids: Calcium carbonate [CaCO3] and calcium

phosphate [Ca3(PO4)2] antacids are also strong and quick-acting.
Constipation can result from taking large or frequent amounts of
calcium—more than five or six times a week. The kidney’s ability to handle
gullet (esophagus). This is known as acid reflux, and it can result in
heartburn and/or gullet inflammation (esophagitis).
Antacids work by neutralizing (counteracting) stomach acid. This is
because the compounds in antacids are bases (alkalis), which are the
inverse of acids. The reaction of an acid and a base is known as
neutralization. This neutralization reduces the corrosiveness of the
stomach contents. This can help to alleviate the discomfort associated
with ulcers (sore on the stomach lining) as well as the burning sensation
associated with acid reflux.

Antacids can produce gas when they work on stomach acid, which can
induce flatulence. Simethicone, which helps to reduce foaming, is
sometimes incorporated in antacid drugs. Alginates are found in many
common antacids. Most alginates function by producing a gel that floats
on top of the contents of the stomach. The gel functions as a barrier,
keeping stomach acid at bay.
 7. An increase in sodium intake may induce and be detrimental to arterial
hypertension, heart failure, and many kidney illnesses.

The following flowchart elucidates all the side effects presented by antacids in a
graphical manner:
 Procedure
1. Preparing 0.1 N HCl Solution:
Begin by carefully measuring 10 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid, then
dilute this volume with distilled water to make up a total volume of 1 liter. This
process ensures the formation of a precisely 0.1 N HCl solution.

2. Making 0.1 N NaOH Solution:

Take 4.0 g of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and dissolve it in distilled water,
adjusting the final volume to 1 liter. This meticulous procedure guarantees the
creation of a 0.1 N NaOH solution.

3. Preparing 0.1 N Na2CO3 Solution:

Accurately weigh 1.325 g of anhydrous sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and
dissolve it in distilled water, adjusting the volume to exactly 250 ml. This precise
method ensures the formulation of a 0.1 N Na2CO3 solution.
4. Standardizing HCl Solution:
Standardize the HCl solution by titrating it against the standardized Na2CO3
solution. Methyl orange is used as the indicator, facilitating the detection of the
endpoint during the titration process.

5. Standardizing NaOH Solution:

Similarly, standardize the NaOH solution by titrating it against the standardized
HCl solution. Phenolphthalein, a suitable indicator for this reaction, helps
pinpoint the equivalence point in the titration.
6. Powdering Antacid Tablets:
Grind various antacid tablets into a powder, ensuring uniformity. Subsequently,
accurately measure 1.0 g from each powdered sample for further
experimentation

7. Adding HCl to Antacid Samples:

Introduce a specific volume of the standardized HCl solution to each powdered
antacid sample in conical flasks. The deliberate excess of acid ensures thorough
neutralization of the alkaline components within the tablet.
8. Indicator and Warming:
Add 2 drops of phenolphthalein to the solution in the conical flask. Warm the
mixture gently until most of the powder dissolves. Filter off the insoluble
material. This step promotes efficient reaction and dissolution of the antacid
components.

9. Titration Process:
Begin the titration against the standardized NaOH solution. Carefully observe
the color change, and continue titrating until a permanent pinkish tinge
appears, signifying the endpoint. Repeat this experimental process with
different antacids to ensure reliability and consistency in the results.

This comprehensive and detailed procedure guarantees precision in solution

preparation, thorough titrations, and reliable analysis of antacid tablets.
Adding HCl to Antacid Samples

Titrating antacid samples

Observation Table
 Result
1. 1g of Eno required 25 ml of Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) to titrate it
completely
2. 1 g of Digene required 11 ml of Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) to titrate
it
3. 1 g of Gelusil required 24 ml of Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) solution to
titrate it completely

Based on the hypothesis of the experiment, the antacid which requires

the least amount of Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) is the best antacid.
From the recorded observation, Digene© requires the least (5 ml), and
is therefore the best Antacid.
 Bibliography
1. Comprehensive Practical Chemistry for Class 12
2. Chemistry Textbook for Class 12 – NCERT
3. images.google.com
4. www.britannica.org
5. www.nhs.uk
6. www.gelusil.com
7. www.eno.co.in
8. www.gsk.com
9. www.digeneindia.com
10. www.abbott.co.in