Atoms

/
75in!?Mm::eemodee
Hydrogen spectrum
De
Broglie Explanation
-

X
Rays
-

1- 2Q/s
Rutherford 's Model
deflected by
bounced small
angles
back
2- particle

Then
Deflected by gold
large angles foil

•
Most
of a -

particles went
straight .

• 2 in 8000 retraced their

path ( bounced back )
Atom has lot inside
• a
of empty space it
.

•
Entire mass at the
charge is
confined to
small central
extremely core ig NUCLEI

Drawbacks : -

should helical motion

The electron
follow and

finally fall into nucleus .

Impact Parameter (b)

+ 2e
-

O
>
b

(Ze)

nucleus

when 6=0
b = I 2e2 cot 0/2 1800
-

O =

4A Eo Imu Z
Z

Bohr 's Model

-

kof-at om intyr.ea.io.mu#nicngamsI n-5

Boheismod.eu#el nh
revolve tix stable orbits without loss . Mur =
• Electron of -

energy (stationary orbits) 2T

• l =

iftar
L
( :
Angular moment
of orbits is quantized) -
&

" =2e
RESULTS ( velocity
n
of
•
• v 2. is
xiobzn m/s
-
=

electron in 2Eonh

#IMPORTANT
↑
&

rn
gmm÷
E
-

. -

electron ell
KE KE
of 13.62£
• -
=

of
Mette
"
P E
of
PE
electron k
zq÷
E
. . =
-
27 -
er . T = -

8 Ef Wnt
TE .

of electron = KE .
+ PE .
 •

frequency 2
2nF
•
magnetic field at centre
xz÷
-

Hydrogen spectrum
•

¥ =
RE
(÷ -

÷)
n :
wavelength of photon emitted when
electron transition
makes
from Nz → n,

R
Rydberg 's constant
:

l 09677 X 107 I
-

: . M

No -

of spectral lines =
(Nz -

M) ( nz - n
,
-12 )
2
Re -

Broglie Explanation
De
Broglie Equation Heisenberg
Applicable for and H
Uncertainty g. nosy
Heike atom 6.62×15345 -

s principle Is

a =L Bp 31
PMT -14
DN .

P 4A

x: wavelength on :
change in position
in

: momentum
p op : change
momentum

X Rays
-

•
produced high speed
by bombarding atomic electrons
on a
target of high weight and
high
melting point .

er = him
v :
accelerating potential ; Vm : Man
frequency of x -

ray
 Moosley law : -

F = a ( z b)
-

2 : Atomic No .

of target
characteristic spectrum
o :
frequency of
constant
b :
screening constant
a :
Proportionality

Previous Yrs Impe .