PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS

INSTITUTE OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES

BS AVIATION TOURISM
Learning Module 01: GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE AND
RELATED PHENOMENA

LEARNING
MODULE 01:
Global Climate Change and Related
Phenomena

EL 1112
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

Prepared by:
RICHELLE ANN M. EDISAN
Subject Instructor

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
BS AVIATION TOURISM
Learning Module 01: GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE AND
RELATED PHENOMENA

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page Time
Allotment
(minutes)
Learning Outcomes 3 30
Global Climate Change and Related Phenomena 4
a. Greenhouse Effect 30
b. Global Warming 30
c. El Nino 20
d. La Nina 20
e. Ozone Destruction 30
Ecosystem Degradation 7 60
Biodiversity Loss 8 60
Summary 9 20
Table of References 9 10
Rubric 10 10
Activity 12 90
Assignment 13 60

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
BS AVIATION TOURISM
Learning Module 01: GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE AND
RELATED PHENOMENA

Course Learning Outcomes (CLO)

CLO 8. Critique human Module Learning Outcomes (MLO)

activities that resulted to the
rise of the different Topic Learning Outcomes (TLO)
environmental problems.

CLO 9. Protect, preserve and

conserve the environment as
tourism management
students.

CLO 10. Display

professionalism and
excellence and being
equipped with the necessary
attributes in the preparation
for their future work
expertise.
CLO 11. Display a professional
commitment to ethical
practice on a daily basis by
being responsible students
attending their classes and
submitting reports on time
MLO 1. Explain what is global
climate change
MLO 2. Assess actions and
activities if it worsen or put
the environment at its better
shape
MLO 3. Identify the causes
and effects of the global
climate change.
TLO1. Define Global climate
change.
TLO2. Determine the causes
of the global climate change
and be cautious of actions
that may result to the
worsening of the
environment

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
BS AVIATION TOURISM
Learning Module 01: GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE AND
RELATED PHENOMENA

DISCUSSION
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE AND RELATED PHENOMENA
Greenhouse Effect

An environmental crisis of global concern is the gradual increase in the

atmospheric temperature of the planet- giving rise to a warmer world
climate. The rays of the sun that reach the Earth start cycles that
maintain life on the planet, such as photosynthesis, and wind and water
movements. Without the sun, our planet would not be able to support
life and would be living, or more accurately dying, in a cold planet that
is much like Pluto. Certain atmospheric gases are transparent to the
sun’s rays, allowing their entry through the atmosphere but blocking
their exit, thus warming the Earth. This is called the greenhouse
effect.

Global Warming

The inexorable increase in the levels of greenhouse gases for the last
150 years in alarming. These used to be called trace gases because
their levels in the atmosphere were very low but due to massive
increases now create radiative forcing bringing about increasing global
temperature in a phenomenon called global warming.

El Nino and La Nina

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
BS AVIATION TOURISM
Learning Module 01: GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE AND
RELATED PHENOMENA
El Niño and La Niña are the warm and cool phases of a recurring
climate pattern across the tropical Pacific—the El Niño-Southern
Oscillation, or “ENSO” for short.

The pattern can shift back and forth irregularly every two to seven
years, and each phase triggers predictable disruptions of temperature,
precipitation, and winds.

These changes disrupt the large-scale air movements in the tropics,

triggering a cascade of global side effects.

El Niño
Another weather phenomenon that has a similar pattern to global
warming is El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The phenomenon
is the unusual warming for months of surface oceanic waters in the
tropical Pacific that should be otherwise cool.

La Niña

The high evaporation rates of ocean water during the El Niño the cause
more than usual evaporation that stores moisture in the atmosphere.
The moisture load precipitates into heavy rainfall, tropical storms, snow
or hail storms, called La Niña, that are unloaded somewhere. The
accumulation of moisture from the eastern Pacific results in abnormally
heavy rainfalls in areas of South America and Africa while droughts
take place in parts of Southeast Asia and Australia. These weather
abnormalities can cause destruction of crops and other vegetation as
well as predispose animals and humans to diseases borne by floods.

Ozone Destruction

In the late 70s and on into the 80s, the world learned about a new
menace to the planet- ozone destruction. Ozone is a molecule that is
composed of three atoms of oxygen and is found in the lower
stratosphere some 17 km to 25 km above the surface of the Earth. It
forms naturally from the bonding together of free oxygen atoms
resulting from the splitting of oxygen molecules by ultraviolet radiation
from the sun. The ozone forms a protective blanket that shields the
earth from the damaging UV rays, known as UV-C, found in the 200-
290 nanometer bands. Organisms cannot tolerate ultraviolet rays. This
is shown well in the use of UV to disinfect microbiological laboratories.
Single-celled organisms like the simplest algae and bacteria die from

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
BS AVIATION TOURISM
Learning Module 01: GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE AND
RELATED PHENOMENA
exposure to UV rays. Multicelled organisms have certain defense
mechanisms like protective pigmentation on the skin surface, but this
protection is very limited. In humans, skin cancer, cataracts,
snowblindness, and possible degradation of the immune system may
result from exposure to ultraviolet radiation.

When ozone molecules are destroyed, the protective blanket

diminishes, in what is called the thinning of the ozone. Since 1975,
satellite monitoring saw the thinning of the ozone layer and the
increasing rate at which it continues. In 1983, a hole in the ozone over
Antarctica, the size of the country of Wales was discovered.
Expeditions to study the hole in the ozone revealed that the South Pole
Ozone had thinned by half of its original concentration, and had even
disappeared in some spots. The ozone hole grows and shrinks
seasonally and sometimes extends over Australia, New Zealand and
South America. In the more populated middle latitudes, the ozone as
decreased by from 2% to 10% the past 20 years.

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are the major causes of the ozone

depletion because of the chlorine molecules in them. A single chlorine
molecule can break apart 100,000 ozone molecules into O2 and O.
Worse, CFCs can stay kin the atmosphere for 75-100 years. Another
culprit, halon, the chemical in fire extinguishers contains bromine,
which is a hundred times more ozone destructive than chlorine.
Carbon tetrachloride and methyl chloroform used in refrigerants and
industries are two other zone depleters. To mitigate the problem, a
recommendation is to use greener CFCs, which are compounds that
contain hydrogen thus they degrade easily. Non-CFC propellants and
non-aerosol products are the safer alternatives. Use of new
technologies, recovery of discarded refrigerants and capturing CFC
emissions and prevention of evaporation of cleaning solvents may help
save the situation.

In 1987, with the severity of the ozone destruction problem, 24

countries signed the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the
Ozone Layer agreeing to cut back on CFC production to less than 50%
by 1998. Controls on the production of halos were included in the
treaty. In 1990, 75 countries signed the London Amendments, further
strengthening the agreement, calling for the elimination of CFCs
worldwide in a decade and setting up an international fund 0f 200
billion dollars to enable less developed countries to join the effort.

ECOSYSTEM DEGRADATION

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
BS AVIATION TOURISM
Learning Module 01: GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE AND
RELATED PHENOMENA
1. Grassland Degradation and This is one of the world’s major
Soil Degradation problems today. Grasslands are
destroyed through burning to
give way to croplands, housing
or commercial spaces.

Soil conservation, designed to

2. Deforestation
3. Coral reef degradation
4. Mangrove and Seagrass
Bed Degradation
prevent soil erosion and
maintain soil quality, side by
side with water conservation, is
necessary for restoring the
grassland resources.
The complete removal of trees
for the purpose of converting a
forest area into an entirely
different purpose is called
deforestation.
Direct human destruction comes
in the form of illegal fishing
methods such as muro-ami,
dynamite fishing and cyanide
poisoning, pollution from
untreated sewage coming from
adjacent communities, oil spills,
thermal pollution, and deliberate
dumping of garbage and other
wastes.
Reclamation of mangrove areas
for fishponds, commercial and
housing purposes, and wood
extraction have destroyed most
of the world’s mangroves and
contributed to reduced fish catch
and productivity.

BIODIVERSITY LOSS

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
BS AVIATION TOURISM
Learning Module 01: GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE AND
RELATED PHENOMENA

Ecology teaches us that living organisms are interdependent

which means that no organisms is useless or unimportant since each
has a role that is vital to the ecosystem. It also states that any change
anywhere changes the balance of nature. It goes so far as saying that
when we scoop sand from a beach, we change the entire beach
ecosystem. That supposedly triggers a domino effect that effects the
entire Earth. In the light of this principle, we cannot help but be aghast
at the use of pesticides, at the conversion of grasslands to croplands,
at the destruction of forests, coral reefs, and estuaries, at the pollution
of land and rivers that lead to the loss of habitats and displacement of
species.

Some Causes of Biodiversity Loss

1. Deforestation of the tropical rain forests and other forests
2. Pollution, trampling, overgleaning, and overfishing that lead to
the destruction of the coral reefs.
3. Hunting of large mammals and birds, collection of birds,
butterflies and plants for commercial purposes and aesthetic
display.
4. Degradation of habitat and habitat loss due mainly to
anthropogenic causes is the major cause of extinctions of
species and endangerment and vulnerability.

The imperative of taking huge steps to save our environment

cannot be ignored and must include three strategies. Preservationism
is the setting aside of areas chosen to remain natural and untouched
by development efforts. Resource conservation indicates zone for
different uses that cater to interests aside from mere environmental
conservation such as fishing zone, recreation zone, ecotourism zone,
study zone and reserve. Ecosystem management that protects an
area based on ecological principles. The extinction of species has
potential for the greatest impact than all the other environmental
problems since according to science, it would take several million years
to generate a replacement stock of species, if at all.

Kindly click the link and watch the video for better understanding of the
topic and for future reference:
Youtube: Causes and Effects of Climate Change
https://youtu.be/G4H1N_yXBiA

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
BS AVIATION TOURISM
Learning Module 01: GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE AND
RELATED PHENOMENA

Summary

Global climate change is characterized as the sudden change in the

climate across the globe and there are phenomena that are related into
it- global warming, greenhouse effect, el nino, la nina and ozone
destruction. As humans continue to practice bad behavior, it would
certainly worsen the environment and worst, the globe. It would lead to
the degradation of the different types of ecosystems and will definitely
lead to biodiversity loss. The future of the globe depends on how we
interact with the environment, and on how we take good care of it.

TABLE OF REFERENCES
References No.
Kumar P.,Mina U., (June,2018) Citation) Fundamentals of Ecology and 1
Environment.Pathfinderpublication.in
El Niño & La Niña (El Niño-Southern Oscillation) 2
https://www.climate.gov/enso
Youtube: Causes and Effects of Climate Change 3
https://youtu.be/G4H1N_yXBiA

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
BS AVIATION TOURISM
Learning Module 01: GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE AND
RELATED PHENOMENA
RUBRICS FOR ESSAY WRITING
Criteria 1 2 3 4 Scor
e
Focus/ The essay The essay is The essay is The essay is
Main Point poorly focused on focused on the focused,
addresses topic and topic and purposeful,
topic and includes few includes and reflects
includes loosely related relevant ideas clear insight
irrelevant ideas ideas and ideas

Support Provides little or Supports main Supports Persuasively

no support for point with main point supports main
the main point some with point with well-
underdevelope developed developed
d reasons reasons reasons
and/or and/or and/or
examples examples examples

Organizatio Little or no Some Organizes Effectively

n and organization of organization of ideas to build organize ideas
Format ideas to build ideas to build an argument to build a
an argument an argument logical,
coherent
argument
Language Little or no use Some use of Appropriate Effective and
Use, Style of elements of elements of use of creative use of
and style. style! Contains elements of elements of
Many errors in frequent errors style!
Convention style to
grammar, in grammar, Uses
s correct enhance
spelling, and spelling, and grammar, Meaning.
punctuation, punctuation spelling, and
makes Very little Uses correct
punctuation
reader’s experimentatio grammar,
with few errors
comprehensio n to enhance spelling,
Sufficient
n difficult concepts punctuation
experimentatio
No throughout
n with
experimentation with very few
language and
nor errors.
usage to
enhancement
enhance
of concepts. Distinctive
concepts
experimentatio
n with
language and
usage to
enhance
concepts

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
BS AVIATION TOURISM
Learning Module 01: GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE AND
RELATED PHENOMENA
Originality No adherence Does not Applies Applies higher
to exhibit basic
the theme creativity creative skills order thinking
to relay ideas and creative
skills to relay
complex ideas

RUBRIC FOR ARTWORK

Criteria 1 2 3 Score
Craftsmanship No evidence of skill Demonstrates Demonstrates
development in the some skills with strong skills
media; little the media; with the media,
technical technically technically
competency proficient accomplished

Formal Composition lacking Composition Composition is

qualities a cohesive lacking a cohesively
appearance cohesive unified!
appearance! Strong
Some integration of
integration of
elements and elements and
principles of principles of
design design

Creativity Does not exhibit Exhibits Exhibits distinct

innovative thinking - innovative experimentation
very little thinking and innovation
experimentation to sufficient to enhance
enhance concepts. experimentation creative
Does not exhibit to enhance concepts.
creative thinking concepts.
skills Strong
-uses unoriginal or Some apparent
over-used images visible connection to
and/or approach connection to the theme
the theme

Interpretation Poor interpretation Adequate Excellent

of Topic and interpretation interpretation
communication of and and
thematic concepts communication communication
due to of thematic of thematic
inappropriate concepts concepts
or inadequate
images or thoughts

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
BS AVIATION TOURISM
Learning Module 01: GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE AND
RELATED PHENOMENA

Name: Date:
Course, Year and Section:

“I have not received, I have not given, nor will I give or receive, any
assistance to another student answering this activity.”

______________________________
SIGNATURE OVER PRINTED NAME

ACTIVITY
1. Essay. Answer the following questions. Refer to the rubrics for essay
writing on how you will be graded.

a. In your own words, what is climate change? Cite some experiences

that you have experienced it.
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
b. Have you done any negative behavior that may have caused to the
rise of this phenomenon? Enumerate it.
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________

2. Enumeration. You can use any search engines to answer this activity.
List the different behaviors that resulted to the rise of these
phenomenon.

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
BS AVIATION TOURISM
Learning Module 01: GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE AND
RELATED PHENOMENA
a. ______________________________________
b. ______________________________________
c. ______________________________________
d. ______________________________________
e. ______________________________________
f. ______________________________________
g. ______________________________________
h. ______________________________________
i. ______________________________________
j. ______________________________________

ASSIGNMENT

1. Watch the video clip on Youtube: Causes and Effects of Climate

Change (https://youtu.be/G4H1N_yXBiA). Make a short reflection
based on it.
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
2. Refer to the rubric. Artistically, illustrate an environmental
phenomenon, its cause and effects to the humans, animals and plants.

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PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
INSTITUTE OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES
BS AVIATION TOURISM
Learning Module 01: GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE AND
RELATED PHENOMENA

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