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Chapter 2 Prose

Intended Learning Outcomes: At the end of this chapter, the students are expected to:

1. Categorize literary pieces according to genre: prose, to intensify the relevance of

fiction and non-fiction to the present time.

2.1 Introduction to Prose

Literature can generally be divided into two types:

1. Prose, consists of those written in common flow of conversation presented in
sentences and paragraphs; while
2. Poetry are those expressed in verses with measure, rhyme, line, stanza and more
melodious tone.
- T. S. Eliot noted, whereas "the distinction between verse and prose is clear, the
distinction between poetry and prose is obscure"; developments in modern
literature, including free verse and prose poetry, have led to the two
techniques indicating two ends on a spectrum of ways to compose language,
as opposed to two discrete options.
- Samuel Taylor Coleridge jokingly requested that novice poets should know the
"definitions of prose and poetry; that is, prose—words in their best order;
poetry—the best words in their best order."

Prose
Prose is a form or technique of language that exhibits a natural
flow of speech and grammatical structure. It is frequently used in
opposition to traditional poetry. Drama is a piece of writing that
tells a story; it is performed on a stage and uses dialogue. Novels,
textbooks and newspaper articles are all examples of prose.

- Etymologically, "prose" first appears in English in the

14th century. It is derived from the Old French prose,
which in turn originates in the Latin expression prosa
oratio (literally, straightforward or direct speech).
- Historically, Isaac Newton in The Chronology of
Ancient Kingdoms wrote "The Greek Antiquities are
full of Poetical Fictions, because the Greeks wrote
nothing in Prose, before the Conquest of Asia by Cyrus
the Persian.
- Then Pherecydes Scyrius and Cadmus Milesius introduced the writing in Prose."

There are many types of prose. These include novels or biographies, short stories,
contemporary dramas, legends, fables, essays, anecdotes, news and speeches.

2.2. Fiction

Prose Fiction – is not based on facts. It is make-believe and imaginary. It is a series of

imagined facts, which shows truths about human life.
a. Novel. This is a long narrative divided into chapters. The events are taken from true-
to-life stories…and span a long period of time. There are many characters involved.

Structure of the novel Writer’s choice of materials The novelist’s vision

- Panoramic novel - Historical novel of life
- Dramatic novel - Psychological novel - Romantic fiction
- Social novel - Realistic fiction
- Naturalistic fiction

Example: WITHOUT SEEING THE DAWN by Steven Javallena.

Set in a small farming village called Manhayang, Sta. Barbara,

somewhere in Negros. Like most rural baranggays, the hardworking and
closely-knit village folk there had simple needs, simple wants, and simple
dreams. They were living their own simple lives when the violence of war
reached their place and brought death to their village, their homes and their
hearts.

Here revolves the story of Ricardo "Carding" Suerte, son of Juan Suerte.
An industrious, strong and sometimes quick-tempered young man, he aspired
to marry Lucia, the daughter of the teniente del barrio. Though his father
thought he was not yet prepared and had wished to send him to school, he
gave his blessing to the decision of his son. He consented to asking Lucia’s hand
from her parents in the traditional pamamanhikan, accompanied by the village’s best orator and the
godmother of the lass. After agreeing to the conditions of the village chief, the marriage was set. Tatay
Juan gathered up almost all of his hard-earned savings for the dowry and expenses for the wedding feast.
In the meantime, Carding excitedly built their house despite the advice of the elderly- that building one’s
house in May will bring misfortune to its inhabitants.
And so it came to pass that after the grand wedding and the feast that followed- which was even
attended by their representate- the newlyweds lived happily on the land entrusted to Tatay Juan by Don
Diego, but not for long. Misfortune struck early when their first child was stillborn. A more difficult trial
came when Lucing disgraced herself, her family and her husband by having an affair with Luis, the son of
their landlord. Caught naked, he was beaten up by the strong, angry husband whose honor and pride were
hurt. The couple patched things up, but the land that Carding and Juan Suerte had been tilling for a very
long time was given to another tenant.
With no land to till, the pair tried their luck in the city. There, in Iloilo, Carding met Rosing and Nestong.
The latter was his fellow stevedore and union member, and the former, a prostitute besotted with him,
and also the reason why his wife left him and returned to their barrio. Soon, Carding followed Lucing with
news that the representante entrusted them with land to till in Badlan. Lucing too, had news for her
husband: she was again pregnant.
They moved to Badlan and worked harder than ever. They were blessed not only by a promise of
a bountiful harvest, but also with a healthy son they named Crisostomo. Sadly, their landlord sold the land,
and they were given time to harvest what they sowed. Misfortune was like a shadow though. A great flood
destroyed everything that they had- harvest and carabao as well.
Wanting to own their own piece of land, they were convinced to move to Mindanao, but Carding
was drafted for military service. When he returned, he found his wife heavy with another child. At first, the
truth was kept from him. What he knew was that his father and his son died of some illness. But later it
was revealed that the Japanese soldiers who attacked their village killed his father and son and raped his
wife. He was enraged when he learned the truth. As his neighbors, relatives and friends in barrio
Manhayang were tortured, raped and massacred by the Japanese soldiers, Carding too became an
executioner to his enemies, and not even his friend nor the brother of his mother-in-law were spared. He
also almost killed the child that his wife had just delivered, were it not born dead. For that, Lucing was so
enraged that she sent him away.
The Japanese ordered everyone to enter a collective barrio or else be considered guerrilla
supporters and be shot. But the villagers of Manhayang also refused to be considered enemies of their

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own sons, and so they decided to evacuate in barrios farther away. However, Lucing was hesitant to go.
She was waiting to see her husband despite everything, knowing that he will be leading the suicide attack
to the Japanese garrison. When they did see each other, Carding asked for her forgiveness and left her
what cash he had as he bade her farewell. In the end, Lucing refused to flee for she knew that she was still
his wife, duty-bound to receive the corpse of her beloved husband.

b. Short Story. This is a narrative involving one or more characters, one plot and one
single impression. A narrative of limited length involving one or more characters and
one plot. It is an artistic form of prose fiction which is centered on a single main incident
and is intended to produce a single dominant impression. Economy, compression and
emphasis characterize the short story.
Short story. This is a narrative involving one or more characters, one plot and
one single impression and which usually has a word range of between 1,000 and 7,500
words.
Example: THE LAUGHTER OF MY FATHER by Carlos Bulosan.
The rich man’s children ate their good food and grew thinner and more
peaked. The Bulosans, next door, went on eating their poor and meagre food, laughed,
and grew fat. So the rich man sued Father Bulosan for stealing the spirit of his food.
And Father paid him in his own coin, while the laughter of the Bulosans and the judge
drove the rich man’s family out of the courtroom.

The Bulosans lived in Binalonan, in the Philippine province of Pangasinan. But the episodes of
Father’s history that his son Carlos retells belong to universal and timeless comedy. No one can remain
unmoved by Father’s excursions into politics, cock-fighting, violin-playing, or the concoction of love-
potions. Twenty-four such stories make up the rich and funny collection called The Laughter of My Father.
“In the winter of 1939, when I was out of work, I went to San Pedro, California, and stood in the
rain for hours with hundreds of men and women hoping to get a place at the fish canneries. To forget the
monotony of waiting, I started to write the title story. It was finished when I reached the gate, but the cold
hours that followed made me forget many things.
“In November, 1942, when there was too much pain and tragedy in the world, I found the story in
my hat. I sent it to The New Yorker, a magazine I had not read before, and in three weeks a letter came.
‘Tell us some more about the Filipinos,’ it said. I said, ‘Yes, sir.’
“I wrote about everything that I could remember about my town Binalonan, in the province of
Pangasinan. I received letters from my countrymen telling me that I wrote about them and their towns. It
came to me that in writing the story of my town, I was actually depicting the life of the peasantry in the
Philippines.
“These stories and 18 others are now gathered in this volume. For the first time the Filipino
people are depicted as human beings. I hope you will enjoy reading about them.”—Carlos
Bulosan

c. Plays. This is presented on a stage, is divided into acts and each act has many scenes.

Example: THIRTEEN PLAYS by Wilfredo M. Guerrero

"The Forsaken House" is a play written by Wilfrido
Maria Guerrero, published in his 13 Plays (1947). It depicts a
typical Filipino family in the post-war era where the father
assumes total control of family affairs, and shows how the
children respond to the repressing circumstances.

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 The play stars theater luminaries Irma Adlawan, Tess Dumpit, Ces Quesada, Espie Tinio-
Garcellano, Menggie Cobarrubias and Joel Lamangan, together with the Dulaang UP ensemble and some
of today’s young and versatile breed of theater actors.
Characters:
Ramon – husband
Encarna - wife
The children
Teresita – eldest daughter, most self-possessed of the children
Clemencia - tiny and weak of constitution, nervous by temperament
Adeling - pretty, strong-willed and impulsive
Jorge - the eldest brother
Flavio - most reserved of the brothers, his reserved nature is dangerous, his brooding eyes
reveal strange longings and desires
Gonzalo - the youngest of the family
Tony - the prodigal son who ran away to the U.S
Tio Carlos, Tia Pelagia, Nilda, Edgardo, Mr. Sarte, a servant, a policeman
The story:
While many Filipino families of the time embrace change, Don Ramon (played by Joel Lamangan)
maintains a severe hold on his family, specially his children. He forbids them from going out with friends
yet does not welcome the idea of entertaining visitors at home either. He distrusts their peers and dictates
what they can and cannot do in life.

Though having only his children’s best interests at heart, his unyielding will to wield control over
their lives spur a series of events that led him and his entire family spiraling uncontrollably towards an
ominous fate. And such fate unfolds in unexpected and heartbreaking proportions.

d. Legends. These are fictitious narrative, usually about origins.

Example: THE BIKOL LEGEND by Pio Duran
In the town of Daraga, in the province of Albay in the Bicol Region,
lays the most beautiful volcano in the Philippines- Mayon volcano. Its
picturesque view may have been what inspired the natives to come up with
one of the most exceptional Philippine alamats - the legend of "Daragang
Magayon" of the Bicolanos, or "Dalagang Maganda" (beautiful maiden) in
Tagalog.
The story is about a princess with beautiful face and character.
She is the daughter of the generous and intelligent Datu Makusog (King
Makusog). She possesses exceptional beauty that all men in their kingdom,
as well as in the neighboring kingdoms, dream to have her heart.
It has been a hobby of Daragang Magayon to secretly take a bath
in the Yawa River every morning at the break of dawn. It was one morning when a traveler from the
faraway kingdom of Laguna accidentally saw her secret ritual. He was a young lad named Ulap (cloud).
Upon seeing the beautiful maiden, Ulap was instantly hypnotized by her beauty.
Ulap eventually decided to show and introduce himself to the maiden. Not for long, the two
became inseparable lovers and their relationship was happily blessed by King Makusog. Ulap asked
permission from his lady love to go home to Laguna and fetch his relatives for the pamamanhikan
(prenuptial get together).
Meanwhile, the news of the soon-to-be wedding spread like fire
in the nearby kingdoms including the Kingdom of Iraya which is reigned
by Patuga. This news enraged him and brought back the pain incurred by
Daragang Magayon's refusal of his love proposal.
He convinced his people to set a battle against the Kingdom of
Rawin by telling them that Daragang Magayon's marriage to a foreign
man is an insult to their maleness. They agreed to capture King
Makusog and ask for Daragang Magayon as a ransom.
The Kingdom of Rawis is busy in the preparation for the arrival of the
people from Laguna. This was used by Patugo and his army as an

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opportunity to attack them. The people of Rawis were so stunned by this sudden attack that the king was
effortlessly captured. The festive mood was instantly replaced with doom. Daragang Magayon offered
herself as a ransom for the freedom of his father even if this was against her will. Just then, their expecting
visitors, Ulap and his clan from Laguna, arrived and helped in fighting the enemies.
Under the heat of the sun, behind the dusty wind, swords and bolos were ravagely swished
against each other. Daragang Magayon's heart beated outrageously because of the suspense brought
about by the battle. A bloody body fell on the ground, and the maiden's heart skipped a beat thinking that
this might be his lover's. She ran closer and reveled when she saw that instead of Ulap, the lifeless body
belongs to Patugo. She turned around and saw Ulap with his arms wide open. She joyfully ran towards the
waiting arms of her lover. As the two passionately embraced each other, a deadly flying arrow came from
one of the enemies and struck their entwined bodies. The sky was covered with gloom as the two lovers
slowly fell on the ground.
The whole Kingdom of Rawis grieved upon their loss. King Makusog proclaimed that the two shall be
buried together since it is not right to separate what death has united as one.

- As they say, true love is hard to bury. Like a strong current, it will eventually struggle and
resurface. Daragang Magayon's love is as such. It is said that because of the strong love of
Daragang Magayon for Ulap, her grave mounted into a towering mass of volcano as if an
emblem of her undying love. Raging lava even came out of it as a symbol of her overflowing
affection. This volcano which surfaced from the grave of Daragang Magayon is now known
as the Mayon volcano. Daragang Magayon is what they claim as the Mayon.
- Many version of the story occurred in this generation. The story of Daragang Magayon was
written by Mr. Abdon Balde. Balde was born in Busac, Oas, Albay in the Bicol region. He
finished a degree in civil engineering and worked as a construction engineer for thirty-three
years, after which he retired to pursue a career as an author.
- His writer career bloomed and critics noted his unique raw talent. He concentrated in
writing creative short stories, poems and novels. He received his first literary award in 2003
and has since continued to win acclaim for his work.
- Today, he is a councilor of the organization Lupon Sa Wika, a member of the National
Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) and director of the Unyon ng mga Manunulat
sa Pilipinas (UMPIL; English: Writers' Union of the Philippines).
- His version of Daragang Magayon was created for the Daragang MAgayon Festival of Albay. He
created the story for the theater play on the festival to be the highlight of the event.
- The Daragang Magayon legend gives the Bicol achievements and it attracts tourists to know the
mythical stories of Bicol Region.
- The official government of Albay grabs the opportunity to use the mythical story to be one of
the attractions and one of the best shots in Albay. Aside from the destinations, foods and
attractive tourist’s spots- the Bicol Legends is preserved and well taken care of by the
Government of Albay headed by Gov. Joey Salceda.

e. Fables. These are also fictitious and they deal with animals and inanimate thins who
speak and act like people and their purpose is to enlighten the minds of children to
events that can mold their ways and attitudes.

Example: The Tortoise and the Hare (an Aesop Fable)

One day a hare was bragging about how fast he could run. He bragged and bragged and even laughed at
the tortoise, who was so slow. The tortoise stretched out his long neck and challenged the hare to a race,
which, of course, made the hare laugh.
My, my, what a joke!" thought the hare.
"A race, indeed, a race. Oh! what fun! My, my! a race, of course, Mr.
Tortoise, we shall race!" said the hare. The forest animals met and
mapped out the course. The race begun, and the hare, being such a swift
runner, soon left the tortoise far behind. About halfway through the
course, it occurred to the hare that he had plenty of time to beat the
slow trodden tortoise.

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 "Oh, my!" thought the hare, "I have plenty of time to play in the meadow here."
And so he did. After the hare finished playing, he decided that he had time to take a little nap. "I have
plenty of time to beat that tortoise," he thought. And he cuddle up against a tree and dozed. The tortoise,
in the meantime, continued to plod on, though, it ever so slowly. He never stopped, but took one good step
after another.
The hare finally woke from his nap. "Time to get going," he thought. And off he went faster than he had
ever run before! He dashed as quickly as anyone ever could up to the finish line, where he met the tortoise,
who was patiently awaiting his arrival.

f. Anecdotes. These are merely products of the writer’s imagination and the main aim is
to bring out lessons to the reader. It can be stories about animals or children.
Example: THE MOTH AND THE LAMP (Jose Rizal)
One night, all the family, except my mother and myself, went
to bed early. Why, I do not know, but we two remained sitting alone.
The candles had already been put out. They had been blown out in
their globes by means of a curved tube of tin. That tube seemed to me
the finest and most wonderful plaything in the world. The room was
dimly lighted by a single light of coconut oil. In all Filipino homes such a
light burns through the night. It goes out just at day-break to awaken
people by its spluttering.
My mother was teaching me to read in a Spanish reader called "The Children's Friend" (El Amigo
de los Ninos). This was quite a rare book and an old copy. It had lost its cover and my sister had cleverly
made a new one. She had fastened a sheet of thick blue paper over the back and then covered it with a
piece of cloth.
This night my mother became impatient with hearing me read so poorly. I did not understand
Spanish and so I could not read with expression. She took the book from me. First she scolded me for
drawing funny pictures on its pages. Then she told me to listen and she began to read. When her sight
was good, she read very well. She could recite well, and she understood verse-making, too. Many times
during Christmas vacations, my mother corrected my poetical compositions, and she always made
valuable criticisms.
I listened to her, full of childish enthusiasm. I marvelled at the nice-sounding phrases which she
read from those same pages. The phrases she read so easily stopped me at every breath. Perhaps I grew
tired of listening to sounds that had no meaning for me. Perhaps I lacked self-control. Anyway, I paid little
attention to the reading. I was watching the cheerful flame. About it, some little moths were circling in
playful flights. By chance, too, I yawned. My mother soon noticed that I was not interested. She stopped
reading. Then she said to me: "I am going to read you a very pretty story. Now pay attention."
On hearing the word 'story' I at once opened my eyes wide. The word 'story' promised something
new and wonderful. I watched my mother while she turned the leaves of the book, as if she were looking
for something. Then I settled down to listen. I was full of curiosity and wonder. I had never even dreamed
that there were stories in the old book which I read without understanding. My mother began to read me
the fable of the young moth and the old one. She translated it into Tagalog a little at a time.
My attention increased from the first sentence. I looked toward the light and fixed my gaze on the
moths which were circling around it. The story could not have been better timed. My mother repeated the
warning of the old moth. She dwelt upon it and directed it to me. I heard her, but it is a curious thing that
the light seemed to me each time more beautiful, the flame more attractive. I really envied the fortune of
the insects. They frolicked so joyously in its enchanting splendor that the ones which had fallen and been
drowned in the oil did not cause me any dread.
My mother kept on reading and I listened breathlessly. The fate of the two insects interested me
greatly. The flame rolled its golden tongue to one side and a moth which this movement had singed fell
into the oil, fluttered for a time and then became quiet. That became for me a great event.
A curious change came over me which I have always noticed in myself whenever anything has
stirred my feelings. The flame and the moth seemed to go further away and my mother's words sounded
strange and uncanny. I did not notice when she ended the fable. All my attention was fixed on the face of
the insect. I watched it with my whole soul... It had died a martyr to its illusions.
As she put me to bed, my mother said: "See that you do not behave like the young moth. Don't be
disobedient, or you may get burnt as it did." I do not know whether I answered or not... The story revealed

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to me things until then unknown. Moths no longer were, for me, insignificant insects. Moths talked; they
know how to warn. They advised just like my mother. The light seemed to me more beautiful. It had grown
more dazzling and more attractive. I knew why the moths circled the flame.

2.3 Non-Fiction

Non-Fiction can be a true story about a person, place, or thing. It is based solely on
facts. A non-fiction book can also be a reference book such as a dictionary, atlas, etc.
These are literary works that are based mainly on facts rather than on the imagination.
g. Essay. This expresses the viewpoint or opinion of the writer about a particular
problem or event. The best example of this is the Editorial page of a newspaper.

h. Biography. This deals with the life of a person which may be about himself, his
autobiography or that of others.
Example: José Rizal
José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda was a Filipino
nationalist and polymath during the tail end of the Spanish
colonial period of the Philippines. He is tagged as the national
hero of the Filipino people. Born: 19 June 1861, Calamba;

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 Spouse: Josephine Bracken (m. 1896–1896) Education: Ateneo de Manila University,
Children: Francisco Rizal Other names: Pepe, Jose (nicknames) Died: 30 December 1896,
Manila,
Synopsis
José Rizal was born on June 19, 1861, in Calamba, Philippines. While living in Europe,
Rizal wrote about the discrimination that accompanied Spain's colonial rule of his
country. He returned to the Philippines in 1892, but was exiled due to his desire for
reform. Although he supported peaceful change, Rizal was convicted of sedition and
executed on December 30, 1896, at age 35.
Early Life
On June 19, 1861, José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda was
born in Calamba in the Philippines' Laguna Province. A brilliant
student who became proficient in multiple languages, José Rizal
studied medicine in Manila. In 1882, he traveled to Spain to complete
his medical degree.
Writing and Reform
While in Europe, José Rizal became part of the Propaganda
Movement, connecting with other Filipinos who wanted reform. He also wrote his first
novel, Noli Me Tangere (Touch Me Not/The Social Cancer), a work that detailed the dark
aspects of Spain's colonial rule in the Philippines, with particular focus on the role of
Catholic friars. The book was banned in the Philippines, though copies were smuggled
in. Because of this novel, Rizal's return to the Philippines in 1887 was cut short when he
was targeted by police.
Rizal returned to Europe and continued to write, releasing his follow-up novel, El
Filibusterismo (The Reign of Greed) in 1891. He also published articles in La Solidaridad,
a paper aligned with the Propaganda Movement. The reforms Rizal advocated for did
not include independence—he called for equal treatment of Filipinos, limiting the power
of Spanish friars and representation for the Philippines in the Spanish Cortes (Spain's
parliament).

i. News. This is a report of everyday events in society, government, science and industry,
and accidents, happening nationally or not.
World News: Over 195,000 overseas Filipinos brought home
amid pandemic — DFA
September 27, 2020
World News: DFA: Over 10,400 Filipinos abroad contract
COVID-19; death toll now at 791
Asia & Pacific: China, PH should focus on ‘bigger part’ of
relations

j. Oration. This is a formal treatment of a subject and is intended to be spoken in public.

It appeals to the intellect, to the will or to the emotions of the audience.
(Given at the dedication of the Soldiers' National
Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, on November 19,
1863☺ Abraham Lincoln
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth,
upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in liberty and
dedicated to the proposition that "all men are created equal."

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 Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so
conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We
have come to dedicate a portion of it, as a final resting place for those who died here, that the
nation might live. This we may, in all propriety do. But in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we
cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow, this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who
struggled here, have hallowed it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little
note, nor long remember what we say here; while it can never forget what they did here.
It is rather for us the living, we here be dedicated to the great task remaining before
us--that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here
gave the last full measure of devotion--that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have
died in vain, that this nation shall have a new birth of freedom, and that of the people, by the
people, for the people shall not perish from the earth.

K. Letter. It is a personal written message to another person. It is also as called

epistolary literature whose popularity as a genre has continued to the present day.
As An epistolary work of literature, it is one written
through a series of documents. Most often, these
documents are letters, though they can also be diary
entries, newspaper clippings, and, more recently, blog
posts and emails.

The definition of epistolary novels can be further

classified into monologic (the letters or diary entries of
only one person), dialogic (letters between two
characters), or polylogic (three or more characters who
write letters, have diary entries, etc, as well as other
external documentation like newspaper articles).
Example:
Dearest Mom:

No written words can adequately express our deep, deep love. We know how great you are and we,
the children and Dad, will try to be as strong as you. Our Faith in you and God will sustain us. Our
total love for you is everlasting. We will be at your side with our love for a wonderful Mom.

With love,

Jerry

l. Diary
It is a record of events, transactions, or observations, kept daily or at
frequent intervals. Written government primarily for the writer’s use
alone, it usually offers a frankness not found in writing done for
publication.
The word diary comes from the Latin diarium ("daily allowance,"
from dies "day").
The Diary of a Young Girl by Anne Frank, who wrote it while in hiding during the
German occupation of Amsterdam in the 1940s.

The word journal comes from the same root (diurnus "of the day")through Old
French jurnal (modern French for day is jour).
The earliest use of the word refers to a book in which a daily record was
written was in Ben Jonson's comedy Volpone in 1605
Example:

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m. Journal
It is an account of day-to- day events of record of experiences,
ideas or reflection kept regularly for private use. It is similar to,
but less personal than a diary. The word is often used of official
or semi-official publications of special groups. It is an account of
day-to- day events of record of experiences, ideas or reflection kept regularly for private
use.

A journal (through French from Latin diurnalis, daily) has several

related meanings: a record of events or business; a private journal
is usually referred to as a diary.
The word ‘journalist", for one whose business is writing for the
public press and nowadays also other media, has been in use since
the end of the 17th century.
Here are some different kinds of Journal that many writers find fulfilling.

Travel Journal School Dining Project Journal

Therapy Journal. Dream Journal Gratitude Journal
Diet Journal Family Journal

n. Owner’s Manual
(also called Instruction manual, User's guide) – an instructional book or
booklet that is supplied with consumer products such as vehicles, home
appliances, firearms, toys and computer peripherals. An owner's
manual (also called an instruction manual or a user guide) is an
instructional book or booklet that is supplied with almost all
technologically advanced consumer products such as vehicles, home appliances and
computer peripherals. Information contained in the owner's manual typically includes:
a. Safety instructions; for liability reasons these can be extensive, often including
warnings against performing operations that are ill-advised for product longevity or
overall user safety reasons.
b. Assembly instructions; for products that arrive in pieces for easier shipping.
c. Installation instructions; for products that need to be installed in a home or
workplace.
d. Setup instructions; for devices that keep track of time or which maintain user
accessible state.
e. Instructions for normal or intended operations.
f. Programming instructions; for microprocessor-controlled products such as VCRs,
programmable calculators, and synthesizers.
g. Maintenance instructions.
h. Troubleshooting instructions; for when the product does not work as expected.
i. Service locations; for when the product requires repair by a factory authorized
technician.
j. Regulatory code compliance information; for example with respect to safety or
electromagnetic interference.
k. Product technical specifications.
l. Warranty information; sometimes provided as a separate sheet.

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o. Textbooks – authoritative and detailed factual description of a topic. It is a poem or
other literary work in the form of a letter or series of letters.

Textbook is a comprehensive compilation of content in a branch

of study. Textbooks are produced to meet the needs of educators,
usually at educational institutions. Schoolbooks are textbooks and
other books used in schools. Today, many textbooks are published
in both print format and digital formats.

p. Speech – public address or discourse.

Speech Outline Example — Face the Wind
Here is the original outline together for the Face the Wind
speech.
Opening humor – connect with audience as typical home owner.
Story #1 – Backyard tree battle
“Strong roots… strong tree”
Foreshadow: neighbor’s monster tree falling
Story #2 – Winter storms knock over many trees
National news (trees falling on houses), but our house
okay
Arborists: “Wind came from a different direction”
Establish key analogy – Trees cannot face the wind.
Story #3 – Baby Maximus
Michelle and Lance have strong roots
Maximus is born

I HAVE A DREAM by Martin Luther King | August 28, 1963

Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the
Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves
who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their
captivity.
I say to you today, my friends, so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a
dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream.
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: “We hold these truths to
be self-evident, that all men are created equal.”
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former
slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. I have a dream that one day even the state
of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed
into an oasis of freedom and justice. I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they
will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today. I have a dream
that one day down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, . . . one day right there in Alabama little black boys and black
girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers. I have a dream today. I
have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places
will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all
flesh shall see it together.
This is our hope. . . With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope.
With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of
brotherhood. With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail
together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day. . . And when this happens, and
when we allow freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city,
we will be able to speed up that day when all of God’s children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles,
Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual: “Free at last! Free
at last! Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!

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 Module 1 (Lit 111) Name: ____________________________________________ Commented [E1]: 1. Use font 12 or below (in readable
size) in writing texts.
Activity No. 2a Program/Year: ____________Date Submitted: ___________
2. Graphs, Tables, charts and figures should not be placed
beyond borders or margins.
I. Comic Strip Project – Students create four comic strips, each demonstrating a
𝑐𝑢𝑡 ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒
different mode of narration. ...
Narrative Point of View Comic Strips
Objective: create four comic strips showing four different narrative viewpoints.
Requirements:
1. Each comic strip will contain dialogue (word bubbles) and narration (square
narration boxes).
2. Each comic strip should be narrated using one of the following perspectives:
first-person, second-person, third-person objective, third-person limited, and third-
person omniscient.
3. Make an effort. If you are not good at drawing, create good storylines and use
stick men.
*If you decide to work with a partner, you will make FIVE comic strips (one for each
POV) and color them. Example:

Rubric: (check your output)

Knowledge: Did you label the narrator’s view point correctly in each comic strip?
1) Doesn’t understand
2) Made a few mistakes
3) Made a couple mistakes
4) Made a mistake
5) Well done!
Completion: Did you make four comic strips? Did you add narration, dialogue, and pictures?
1) Mostly incomplete
2) One complete
3) Two complete
4) Missing something
5) Fully Complete
Quality: Did you attempt to create a good story, nice pictures, or both?
1) Very sloppy
2) Not grade level appropriate
3) Started off strong but rushed the end
4) High-Quality Work
Effort: Does your completed project reflect an appropriate amount of effort?
1) Very little effort applied
2) Try harder
3) You can do better.
4) Good Work

I. Carefully read the speech of Martin Luther King “I Have a Dream”. Identify
and write down both the thematic concept and the thematic statement.
Find at least 3 examples of texts that convey each of the 8 tones: serious,
comical, formal, informal, gloomy, joyful, sarcastic, and sentimental.

Course Description
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 Module 1 (Lit 111) Name: ____________________________________________
Activity No. 2b Program/Year: ____________Date Submitted: ___________

I. Create a Genre Crossword Puzzle (not a word search)

𝑐𝑢𝑡 ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒
Directions: Create a crossword puzzle with clues for the following 20 genre related
terms. Use the free space below for your answer.
Terms: (two-word items are not spaced for this project) fiction, nonfiction, drama,
poetry, folklore, fable, myth, legend, fairytale, tall tale, realistic fiction, historical
fiction, science fiction, fantasy, informational writing, persuasive writing,
autobiography, biography, tragedy, comedy, and essay, etc.

Creating Clues:
Your clues should be made from either a definition of an example. In the following
models, the first is made from an example, and the second is made from a
definition.

Down
1. In which subgenre do history books belong?

Across
1. In what subgenre would a story based on historical events belong?

Course Description
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 Module 1 (Lit 111) Name: ____________________________________________
Activity No. 2c Program/Year: ____________Date Submitted: ___________

𝑐𝑢𝑡 ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒I. Directions: You will create at least four articles only. Each article will show how you
can write in different genres and subgenres. Choose from the below genres and
subgenres.

Genres and Subgenres: nonfiction, historical fiction, science fiction, realistic fiction, poetry,
fairytale, fable, tall tale, myth, drama, biography, autobiography, and informational writing.

Each article should be at least five sentences in length, but if you create high quality
content, your sentence will not be counted.
Optional: You may work with a partner, but then you will need to create twelve articles and
have at least four pictures related to your articles.
Examples: The following four articles may be used as a model, but I expect you to create
original articles. Do not copy these in the production of your newspaper.

The Genre Times

Nonfiction Fairy Tale Poetry Drama

Rap is a style of Once upon a time The sun shone around Teacher: Students please
music that became there was a young her get out your pencils.
popular in the late girl named halo. We’re going to take a
70s and early 80s. Crystella. Hello. test.
In a rap song, the Crystella lived Beautiful smile like a DeAndre: May I borrow a
artist rhymes over with her wicked crocodile: dangerous pencil?
a beat. Beats are stepmother and and ancient. Laying Teacher (handing
often sampled her three mean there like a log until… DeAndre a pencil): Sure
from other songs older brothers. SNAP. DeAndre. Have this one.
or made on a Crystella’s older Now I have nine Emmanuel: Can I get one
drum machine or brothers always fingers. too?
synthesizer. There teased and bullied I’ll never get Teacher: All I have are
are many styles of her. One day on the ring finger back red pens. Here. Have a
rap. Some of her way home from her… red pen.
these are gangsta from school, beautiful smile William: What about me?
rap, hip hop, Crystella found a like a crocodile. I need something to write
horror core, magic wand. With with.
underground, nerd this magic wand Teacher: I’m out of red
core, and more. she could cast pens. How about a grey
Though rhyming is magic spells… crayon?
the staple poetic Tavarion: Do you have a
device used in rap grey crayon I can
music, other borrow?
techniques are
frequently used.
For example:
rhythm,
alliteration,
consonance, and
onomatopoeia.

Course Description
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