CHEMICAL

BOND
NOTES
Presented by : Group 3
 our team

SARAH AQIL PAAN

ISMAR HEZLIN BEN
YUSUF
 CHEMICAL BOND
Basics of Compound
5.1 5.4 Hydrogen Bond
Formation

5.2 Ionic Bond 5.5 Dative Bond

Covalent Bond 5.6 Metallic Bond

5.3 5.6

Properties of Ionic Compounds

5.7 and
Covalent Compounds
 Basics of Compound
Formation
Compounds are formed when two or more elements are combined.
Noble gases exist as monoatomic gases & are not reactive chemically because they have achieved
a stable duplet or octet electon arrangement.
Atoms of other elements, stability of electron arrangement can be achieved by transferring or sharing
of electrons
Chemical bonds are formed when electron transfer / electron sharing tales place.
Type of Chemical Bonds: Ionic bond
Covalent bond
ONLY involve the VALENCE ELECTRON
 IONIC BOND
formations of ions
metal atom donates valence electron to form a positively - charged
ion ( cation )
non-metal atom receives electron from a metal atom to form
negatively-charged ion ( anion )
formation of ionic bond
— ionic compound formed when ions of opposite charges attract one
another to form an ionic bond
ions of opposite charges will attract one another by strong
electrostatic attraction force. known as ionic bonds
EXAMPLES
 COVALENT BOND
sharing of electrons between 2 non-metal atoms
to achieve a stable duplet or octet electron arrangement
types of covalent bond:
• single bond
• double bond
• triple bond

*The formation of covalent bond can also be visualised

using the Lewis structure that only shows the valence
electrons of the atoms involved.
 TYPES OF COVALENT
(example)
BOND
SINGLE BOND Double BOND

Two chlorine atoms, Two oxygen atoms, O

Cl each contributes each contributes two
one electron to share electrons to share two
a pair of electrons to pairs of electrons to
form a single bond in form a double bond in
a chlorine molecule oxygen molecule
 TYPES OF COVALENT
(example)
BOND
tRIPLE BOND

Two nitrogen atoms, N each contributes three

electrons to share three pairs of electrons to
form a triple bond in nitrogen molecule
 DATIVE BOND
Bond between 1 molecule
and 1 ion
Dative bond, also known as
Involves molecule with lone coordinate bond, is a type of
pair of electrons covalent bond where both
electrons come from the
same atom

coordinate bond
 METALLIC BOND
Delocalised Metal atoms are arranged closely packed & orderly
electron : 01. in the solid state. Valence electrons of metal
atoms can be donated easily & delocalised
although in the solid state.
• Electron that moves
freely & is not owned
by any atom nor ion. Metal atoms that are positively-charged (+) formedwhen

• A sea of electron is
02. valence electrons are delocalised. All delocalised valence
electrons can move freely between the metal structure
& form the sea of electrons.
formed when the
valence shells of
metal atoms overlap, Electrostatic attraction force between the sea of
resulting in electron
delocalisation.
03. electrons & the positively-charged (+) metal ions form
METALLIC BOND.
FORMATION OF METALLIC
BOND
sea of electron

positively-charged
metal ions

valence electron
 ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY
OF METALS

• When electrons of metal atoms are delocalised in the

sea of electrons, the metal can CONDUCT ELECTRICITY.

• Electrons that move freely in the metal structure carry the

charges from the negative terminal (-) to the
positive terminal (+) when electricity is supplied.
 CONCLUSION
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THANK YOU
Presented by : Liceria Group