A Detailed Lesson Plan in Science Grade 8

I. OBJECTIVES

At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:

a. Identify the structures of the digestive system;
b. Demonstrate an understanding of digestive system functions; and
c. Present an analysis of the path of food as it is digested.

II. SUBJECT MATTER

a. Topic: Structure and Functions of the Digestive System.

b. Reference: (book title, author, pages)
c. Instructional Materials: Pictures, crackers, PowerPoint presentation,
whiteboard, fake digestive system statue of the human body.

III. PROCEDURES

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENTS’ ACTIVITY

A. Preliminary Activities

Greetings
Prayers (Students are doing the activities)
Checking of Attendance
Classroom Management

B. Review

Before we proceed to our lesson,

let’s have a recap from what we (Students are doing the recap)
have discussed last meeting.
(Teacher asking students about the
lesson yesterday.)

C. Motivation

Ok class, did you have your breakfast? (Nobody raised their hands)
Who among you here did not have his/her
breakfast?

Are you hungry now? Yes sir

Before we start our lesson, we will have (Each student will be given 2
some activity. crackers)

Activity: CRACKER IN THE MOUTH

Step 1- Put a regular cracker into
your mouth and chew.
Step 2- Place the new cracker in
your mouth and let it sit for 2 mins.
Okay class, what do you observed in our
activity?

What does it feels like initially?

What it feels after 2 minutes in your mouth Varied answers of the students
and what it feels like when you chew it?

Very good class!

Our activity shows how the saliva in our
mouth lubricates and soften the food we
ate.

Are you ready now to our lesson? Yes sir!

D. Lesson Proper

I’m going to divide you into six groups,

choose one representative in your group
and proceed in front. Yes sir!

Here are six envelopes then choose one

envelope then proceed to your respective
group. (6 students will approach the front.)

Now let’s open the envelope then identify

the specific picture and discuss its function Students will return to their group
in 3 minutes. with the envelope.

Okay, Times Up! What have you noticed

about the pictures? They are parts of Digestive System.

Yes, very good! And now we will discuss

about the digestive system in detail.

Ok class, do you have any idea about the

Digestive System? The Digestive system is the one
responsible for the food we eat.
That is correct!

The Digestive System is responsible for

the breakdown and absorption of the
nutrients from the food thereby bringing
energy for the body, and it is divided into
two parts the organ of alimentary tract that
comes in contact with the food and the
accessory organ that pour out secretion to
assess in the digestive system.

What is the process by which the food is

broken into smaller components that the
body can absorb to nourish the cell? Digestion

What are the two phases of Digestion? Mechanical and Chemical

Digestion
During mechanical digestion the food is
broken down into smaller pieces in the
process of chewing or mastication.
Example is the cracker in the mouth
activity.

In chemical digestion the food is acted

upon the chemical subs called enzymes.
The enzymes convert the food into their
simplest form.

Ok class, did you understand? Yes, sir.

Now class, one representative per group

will discuss their collaboration in front. Yes, sir.

Who among you here have the mouth

image? We have it!

Be the first to discuss your work.
Very good! You may now take your seat.
The mouth is where the digestion
begins, in the mouth the food is
mechanically and chemically
digested.

The mouth contains the following

structures.
The teeth which breaks down the food into
smaller pieces.
The tongue a muscular organ that mixes
the food with saliva aids in swallowing.
The duct of the salivary glands that
secretes saliva that lubricate the food and
the palate that forms the rooting of the
mouth.

What is the enzyme that digest the

carbohydrates in the mouth? Salivary Amylase Ptyalin

That is correct!
The food that enters the mouth is chewed
and it is now called bolus.

Let’s follow the food as it passes through

the digestive system.

Okay, from the mouth food passes through

the what? Pharynx

Yes, that’s right, and who have the picture

of the pharynx, can you share your ideas? The pharynx or throat is located
posterior to the mouth, it is the
common passageway for digestion
and respiration.
Very good!
The pharynx is 5-6 inches long. During
swallowing, the sphincter muscles relaxes
and raise the epiglottis which prevents the
bolus or the food from entering in the
trachea.

What prevent the bolus or food from

entering the trachea? Epiglottis

After the food passes through the pharynx Esophagus

the next is?
Correct! Which group will discuss about the
esophagus? The esophagus is a muscular tube
through where the food s from
pharynx to the stomach.

Very good! You may return to your seat.

During swallowing, the bolus is conveyed

by the esophagus into the stomach via
wavelike contraction and relaxation of
involuntary muscle that is called
peristalsis.

What is that wavelike contraction or Peristalsis

rhythmic movement?

Through peristalsis, the food goes through

the cardiac sphincter a ring shape
muscles, where food enters from the
esophagus to the stomach to prevent food
reflux.

So again, what is the muscles that prevent Cardiac Sphincter

food reflux?

That is correct!

Now, after the food pass through the Stomach

esophagus and next is the?
Can you discuss it in front?
The stomach is an expanding organ
located between the esophagus
and small intestine. The stomach
stores the food and mixes the food
with gastric juice.

Yes, the stomach is a pear-shaped organ

that is about 30.5 cm long and 15.2 wide,
the bolus enters the stomach will convert to
semi fluid partially digested food, what we Chyme
called?

Very good and now next organ is the small

intestines.
Small intestine is considered as
Please go in front and discuss. the organ of complete digestion and
absorption, it is considered as the
longest organ of the digestive
system.

Yes, good job.

The chyme enters to the small intestines
through the pyloric sphincter, the small
intestine signals the pancreas to produce
pancreatic juice, and the gall bladder to
release bile.
Pancreatic juices aid in the digestion of
protein and carbohydrates and the bile is
responsible to break down fats.
Okay class, what organ produces the bile?
What organ stores the bile?
After passing through the small intestine,
the food enters to the?
The last group will share their idea.
Very good. The appendix is also located in
the proximal end of the ascending colon.
The undigested residue or the feces it will
be stored in the RECTUM then excrete to
the ANUS.
So, in summary class, the digestive system
is composed of the?
What are the accessory organ of digestion?
All are which function to do what?
Okay class, do you understand?
E. Application
To further understand the lesson, let’s do
some demonstration.
We called this BREAD IN THE BAG
Procedures:
1. Take ½ piece of bread per group
2. Obtain the zip lock bag.
3. Tear your ½ sliced of bread into
smaller pieces and placed it into the
bag. What does this represent?
4. Pour smaller amount of water into
the bag. What does this represent?
5. Close the bag and squish the bread
with your finger until all pieces are
small. What does this represent?
6. Drain the liquid contents down to the
Liver
Gall bladder
Large intestine
Large intestine is divided into 3
parts: ascending colon, transverse
colon and the descending colon.
The large intestine stores the fecal
materials, absorbs the vitamins, and
reabsorbs the water from the
undigested residue.
Mouth, Pharynx, Esophagus,
Stomach, Small intestine, Large
intestine, Rectum and the Anus.
Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas,
Salivary glands.
They are responsible for breakdown
and absorption of nutrients from
food thereby bringing energy to the
body.
Yes, sir.
Materials needed are Zip lock bag,
½ sliced bread and water.
 Food broken into smaller
pieces by the teeth.
Mechanical digestion in the
mouth.
 Food is mixed with gastric
juice of the stomach.
Chemical Digestion in the
stomach.
 Represent the peristalsis and
mechanical digestion in the
 sink by creating a small gap which
prevent by escaping. What does this
represent?
7. Put all the content of the bag into the
garbage. What does this represent?
stomach.
 Large intestine reabsorbs the
water of undigested residue.
 Waste or the feces is
temporary stored in the
rectum and it was excreted in
the anus.

F. Generalization

Okay class. Did you understand our lesson Yes sir. (Students are generalizing
for today? the lesson.)

IV. EVALUATION

Identification:
1. The organ that stores and concentrate the bile.
2. The organ of complete digestion and absorption.
3. Where the fecal material exit.
4. The organ produces the bile.
5. It is where the absorption of water takes place.
6. The enzyme that is present in our saliva.
7. The organ where digestion and respiration cross.
8. The process of breaking down the food into simple that the cell can use.
9. Wavelike contraction or rhythmic movement of the involuntary muscle.
10. The organ that temporarily stored the feces.

V. ASSIGNMENT

Make a research about the different digestive disorder and write it in your
assignment notebook.

Prepared by:

DARLYNJOY S. AQUILAM
Science Teacher

Checked by:

MARIANNE O. SANTOS
Master Teacher I

Approved by:

ROY D. FUENTES
School Head