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 Lecture 1
Farm power in India - sources of farm power and their use in agriculture
1. An average man can develop maximum power of about ____ for doing farm work
a) 0.2
b) 1.0
c) 5.0
d) 0.1
2. Presently available power in India is -----
a) 1.89 kw/ha
b) 1.15 kw/ha
c) 2.5 kw/ha
d) 4.0 kw/ha
3. 1 H.P is equal to
a) 746 watts
b) 250 watts
c) 560 watts
d) 100 watts
4. Power developed by an average pair of bullocks is about ----- hp
a) 0.2
b) 1.0
c) 5.0
d) 10
5. Mechanized agriculture contributes to
a) Timeliness
b) Reduce labour work
c) Quality of work
d) All the above
6. Transplanting comes under ______ type of farm operation
a) Highly power intensive
b) Intermediate power and control
c) Highly control intensive
d) No power and control required
7. __________ is a good device for converting liquid fuel into mechanical work
(Engine)
a) External Combustion engine
b) Internal combustion engine
c) Both
d) None
8. Solar energy is
a) Electrical energy
b) Mechanical energy
c) Renewable energy
d) Nuclear energy
9. The average force a draft animal can exert is ____ of its body weight
a) 1/5th
b) 1/10th
c) 1/2nd
d) 1/4th
10. Which of the following does not come under mechanical power
a) Tractors
b) Power Tiller
c) Motor
d) Stationary oil engine
11. Thermal efficiency of diesel engine varies from
a) 30 - 35%
b) 25 - 30%
c) 32 - 38%
d) 25 - 32%
12. Thermal efficiency of petrol engine varies from
a) 30 - 35%
b) 25 - 30%
c) 32 - 38%
d) 25 - 32%
13. Electrical power is used mostly in the form of _____ on the farms
a) Generator
b) Tractor
c) Motor
d) Power tiller
14. Of the following which does not comes under renewable energy source
a) Solar energy
b) Wind energy
c) Biomass energy
d) Coal
 Lecture 2
Working principles of IC Engines-Two stroke and Four stroke engines - applications –
comparison-Engine terminology
1. The engine in which ignition is caused by an electric spark is known as -----engine
a) Compression ignition
b) Spark ignition
c) External combustion
d) None of these
2. Two stroke engine give ------ working stroke for each revolution
a) One
b) Two
c) Three
d) Four
3. Crankshaft convert reciprocating motion of connecting rod in to rotational motion
of ---------
a) Camshaft
b) flywheel
c) piston
d) Connecting rod
4. -------- used to raises and lowers the inlet and exhaust valves at proper time
a) Camshaft
b) flywheel
c) piston
d) Connecting rod
5. --------- is a device which converts heat energy of a fuel in to a mechanical energy
a) Engine
b) Electric motor
c) Spraying
d) Pumping
6. The compression ratio of the diesel engine is about----
a) 14:1 to 22:1
b) 5:1 to 8:1
c) 10:1 to 12:1
d) 4:1 to 12:1
7. In four stroke engine the third stroke is
a) Suction
b) Power
c) Exhaust
d) Compression
8. Engine converts _____ energy to ____ energy
a) Thermal Energy to Mechanical energy
b) Chemical Energy to Mechanical energy
c) Mechanical energy to thermal energy
d) Kinetic energy to mechanical energy
9. Choose correct order of four strokes in IC engine
a) Suction, power, exhaust and compression
b) Compression, suction, power and exhaust
c) Suction, compression, power and exhaust
 d) Compression, power, exhaust and suction
10. In four stroke engines one cycle completed in ____
a) Two revolutions of crank shaft
b) Half revolution of crank shaft
c) One revolution of cam shaft
d) One revolutions of crank shaft
11. Combustion started in diesel engine by
a) Spark plug
b) Motor
c) Compression of air and fuel
d) None of the above
12. Spark ignition engines also called as
a) Carburettor type engine
b) Petrol engine
c) Otto cycle engine
d) All the above
13. Compression ignition engine also called as
a) Diesel engine
b) Injector type engine
c) Diesel cycle engine
d) All the above
14. Cam shaft is used to
a) To convert engine power to mechanical power
b) To control opening and closing of valves in engine
c) To convert reciprocating motion to rotary motion
d) None of the above
15. The linear distance traveled by the piston from Top dead centre (TDC) to Bottom
dead centre (BDC) is called
a) Stroke
b) Bore
c) Swept volume
d) None of the above
16. Power developed in a cylinder without accounting frictional losses i.e actual
power developed in engine is called
a) Indicated horse power
b) Brake horse power
c) PTO power
d) Belt horse power
17. Power delivered by the engine at the end of the crankshaft
a) Indicated horse power
b) PTO power
c) Belt horse power
d) Brake horse power
18. Thermal efficiency of an engine is
a) Indicated power / fuel power
b) Fuel value / Indicated power
c) Brake horse power / Indicated power
 d) Brake horse power / Fuel power
19. The role of carburettor in SI engines
a) To clean the fuel
b) To mix the fuel with air
c) To supply fuel to the engine
d) To supply air to the engine
20. The suction stroke of CI engine have the following process
a) Air enter into engine
b) Air and fuel mixture enter
c) Fuel alone enters engine
d) None of the above
21. Compression ratio of a petrol engine varies from
a) 4:1 to 8:1
b) 7:1 to 8:1
c) 14:1 to 22:1
d) 10:1 to 12:1
22. .……………stores the energy during power stroke and returns back the same
energy during the idle strokes
a) Crankcase
b) Fly wheel
c) Cylinder
d) Piston
23. The speed of the camshaft is exactly ………… the speed of the crankshaft in four
stroke engine.
a) half
b) same
c) twice
d) one-fourth
24. ________________ is used to connect the piston and connecting rod
a) Piston rings
b) Camshaft
c) Piston pin
d) None
25. ___________ is compressed as a charge in compressed ignition engine
a) Air
b) Air and fuel
c) fuel
d) Both a and b
26. Reciprocating motion of the piston is converted into rotary motion by means of
_____
a) Connecting rod
b) Crank shaft
c) Cam shaft
d) flywheel
27. _____ is a detachable portion of an engine which includes the combustion chamber,
spark plugs or injector and valves
 a) Engine
b) Cylinder
c) Crank case
d) Cylinder head
28. Combustion takes place in diesel engine at constant ________
a) Pressure
b) Volume
c) Temperature
d) None of the above
29. Combustion takes place in petrol engine at constant ________
a) Pressure
b) Volume
c) Temperature
d) None of the above
30. Instead of Suction and exhaust valves the two stroke IC engine has ______
a) Holes
b) Ports
c) Injectors
d) None of the above
31. Thermal efficiency of the diesel engine compared to petrol engine is
a) Same
b) Varies based on compression ratio
c) Higher
d) Lesser
32. Diameter of the engine cylinder is called
a) Radius of piston
b) Bore
c) Stroke
d) Swept volume
33. Indicated horse power is given by
a) IHP = BHP – FHP
b) IHP = BHP + FHP
c) IHP = FHP – BHP
d) IHP = BHP/FHP
34. Power available from the tractor for pulling the load
a) PTO HP
b) BHP
c) Drawbar BHP
d) FHP
35. Thermal efficiency of an engine is
1. Indicated power / fuel power
2. Fuel value / Indicated power
3. Brake horse power / Indicated power
4. Brake horse power / Fuel power
36. The PTO hp is ____ % of engine power
a) 50 – 55%
b) 60 – 70%
c) 75 – 80%
d) 80 – 85%
37. Indicated power is calculated for four stroke engine as
a) PLAN/4500 × n
b) PLAN/4500 × n/2
c) PLAN/4500 × n/4
d) PLAN/4500 × n/6
38. Indicated power is calculated for two stroke engine as
a) PLAN/4500 × n
b) PLAN/4500 × n/2
c) PLAN/4500 × n/4
d) PLAN/4500 × n/6
39. Stroke to bore ratio for tractors normally is
a) 1.5
b) 1.25
c) 1.75
d) 1.15
40. Stroke to bore ratio varies between
a) 1 – 1.75
b) 1.25 – 1.75
c) 1.5 – 2.0
d) 1 – 1.45
41. ____ is the volume displaced by one stroke of piston
a) Clearance volume
b) Engine volume
c) Swept volume
d) none of the above
42. Diesel engine gives high power than petrol engine because of
a) High fuel value
b) Higher compression ratio
c) Higher fuel consumption
d) higher engine volume
43. The process of removal of burnt or exhaust gases from the engine cylinder is
known as ……………….
a) Scavenging
b) Compression
c) Combustion
d) Removing
44. Power developed by four stroke engine for every one revolution of crank shaft is
a) Half of two stroke engine
b) Equal to two stroke engine
c) Twice the two stroke engine
d) Thrice the two stroke engine
 Lecture 3
Components of IC engine and systems of IC engine – air cleaning, cooling, lubricating
and fuel supply systems
1. Normally the ____ cooled engines run hotter than ___ cooled engines and
heavier lubricating oil recommended
a) water, air
b) Air, water
c) Both a and b
d) None
2. Cooling system suitable for desert area and cold regions
1. Water cooling system
2. Thermosiphon cooling system
3. Air cooling system
4. Either water cooling or air cooling
3. Radiator is used in cooling system of engine to
1. Cool the air
2. Cool the water
3. Cool engine by fan
4. None of the above
4. Lubrication is done to
1. Reduce friction between engine parts
2. Reduce wear and tear
3. To reduce the heat loss by friction
4. All of the above
5. High pressure fuel injector is a part of
1. CI engine fuel supply system
2. SI engine fuel supply system
3. Cooling system
4. Lubricating system
6. The best operating temperature of IC engines lies between
a) 50 – 85 °C
b) 60 – 75 °C
c) 70 – 87 °C
d) 60 – 92 °C
7. It is estimated that about ___ of total heat produced is passed to atmosphere via
exhaust, ___ is removed by cooling and about ___ issued to produce power
respectively
a) 30, 30 and 40 %
b) 25, 35 and 45 %
c) 40, 30 and 30 %
d) 45, 25 and 30 %
8. Cooling is done to
a) To maintain optimum temperature of engine
b) To dissipate surplus heat
c) To maintain the lubricating property of oil
d) All the above
9. The cylinder of an air cooled engine has ___ to increase the area of contact of air
for speedy cooling
 a) Plates
b) Radiator
c) Fins
d) Tubes
10. Two wheelers mostly have
a) Air cooled engine
b) Water cooled engine
c) Thermo siphon cooling system
d) None of the above
11. Four wheelers mostly have
a) Air cooled engine
b) Water cooled engine
c) Both
d) None
12. Radiator is a part of
a) Air cooled engine
b) Water cooled engine
c) Both
d) None
13. _____ are most popular for engines and machines
a) Mineral lubricants
b) Vegetable lubricants
c) Animal fat lubricants
d) All of the above
14. Oil pump is part of ___
a) Cooling system
b) Lubrication system of two stroke engine
c) Lubrication system of four stroke engine
d) Fuel injection system
15. The process of mixing air and fuel in petrol engines is done by
a) Injector
b) Pump
c) Carburetor
d) None of the above
16. Fuel injector is a part of
a) Petrol engine
b) Diesel engine
c) Both
d) None
17. To maintain the correct engine operation temperature, a ______ valve is
placed at the forward end of the cylinder head
a) Thermostat
b) Opening
c) Non return
d) None
18. The device which inject the fuel into the combustion chamber is known as
……………….
a) Feed pump
b) atomizer
c) transfer pump
 d) piston
19. Grease lubrication can be applied in the engine having a low temperature of
about…..
a) 50oC
b) 70o C
c) 80o C
d) 75oC
20. Normally the thermostat begins to open at about 74°C and opens widely at about
a) 75°C
b) 78°C
c) 80°C
d) 82°C
 Lecture 4
Tractors- types - transmission system- clutch, gearbox, differential and final drive -
hydraulic system
1. Tractor was invented by George H. Harris in Chicago in the year
a) 1880
b) 1980
c) 1890
d) 1870
2. Tractor manufacturing started in India by which company
a) Mahindra
b) Kirlosker
c) Sonalika
d) Eicher
3. Crawler type tractor have ___ type of wheels
a) Pneumatic wheels
b) Wooden wheels
c) Chain or track type wheel
d) No wheels
4. _______ is called walking type tractor
a) Wheel type tractor
b) Power tiller
c) Crawler tractor
d) None of the above
5. _____ is used to engage and disengage engine with transmission gears
a) Clutch
b) Brake
c) Gears
d) Flywheel
6. The role of power transmission system is
a) To transmit power from engine to wheels
b) To reduce the speed and increase the torque for wheels
c) Both a and b
d) None of the above
7. When the tractor struck in mud, ____ is used
a) Differential gears
b) Final drive
c) Differential lock
d) Brake
8. Commonly used tractors are
a) Rear wheel drive
b) Front wheel drive
c) Four wheel drive
d) None of the above
9. Hydraulic system works on _____ law
a) Pascal’s law
b) Darcy’s law
c) Boyle’s law
d) Newton’s law
10. Provision in a tractor for transferring torsional power from engine to other
implements or machine
a) Power Take Off
b) Draw bar
c) Hitch system
d) Belt system
11. Horizontal distance between the front and rear wheels of a tractor
a) Track
b) Wheel base
c) Ground clearance
d) Turning space
12. The power availability for a medium tractors ranges from
a) 15 -25 hp
b) 35 – 45 hp
c) 25 – 45 hp
d) more than 45 hp
13. High ground clearance is provided in the …………….
a) Utility tractors
b) Row crop tractors
c) Orchard tractors
d) Garden tractors
14. The size of the tractor is expressed by
a) Horse power
b) ground clearance
c) Height of frame
d) track
15. A tractor of 30-45 hp is suitable for ……….hectares of farm.
a) 40
b) 35
c) 55
d) 30
16. Row crop tractors have
a) Adjustable wheel track
b) Less ground clearance
c) Less wheel base
d) More Horse Power
17. Walking type tractors or power tillers are fitted with ____hp engines
a) 10 – 15
b) 15 – 20
c) 8 – 12
d) 6 – 15
18. The complete path of power from engine to wheel is called ____
a) Power train
b) Power transmission system
c) Differential
d) Gear system
19. Which of the following is a false statement regarding power transmission system
a) To transmit power from the engine to the rear wheels of the tractor
b) To make reduced speed available, to rear wheels of the tractor
c) To alter the ratio of wheel speed and engine speed in order to suit the field
 conditions
d) To transmit power through parallel angle drive, because the crankshaft and
rear axle are normally parallel to each other
(Correct statement: To transmit power through right angle drive, because the
crankshaft and rear axle are normally at right angle to each other)
20. Under a single cropping pattern, it is normally recommended to consider 1hp for
___ hectare of land
a) 0.5
b) 1
c) 1.5
d) 2
21. Generally ____ hectare/hp has been recommended where adequate irrigation
facility are available and more than one crop is taken
a) 0.5
b) 1
c) 1.5
d) 2
22. Tractor with less wheel base, higher ground clearance and low overall weight may
work successfully in ____ soils
a) Lighter
b) Heavier
c) Sandy
d) All
23. Rear wheel of the tractor requires power at ____
a) High speed and high torque
b) High speed and low torque
c) Low speed and High torque
d) Low speed and low torque
24. ____ permits one of the rear wheels of the tractor to move faster than the other at a
turning point
a) Gear system
b) Final drive
c) Differential lock
d) Differential unit
25. Function of a final drive of the power transmission system is to
a) Reduce speed and increase torque to provide rear wheels
b) Increase speed and decrease torque to provide rear wheels
c) Does not change speed but increase torque
d) None of the above
26. ____ is a device to join both half axles of the tractor so that even if one wheel is
less resistance, the tractor comes out of the mud
a) Gear system
b) Final drive
c) Differential lock
d) Differential unit
27. ____ is a gear reduction unit in the power trains between differentials and drive
wheels and transmits the power finally to the rear axle and the wheels
a) Gear system
b) Final drive
c) Differential lock
 d) Differential unit
28. The system, governing the angular movement of front wheels of a tractor is called
a) Gear system
b) Final drive
c) Steering mechanism
d) Differential unit
29. All tractors are equipped with _____ system for operating three point hitch of the
tractor
a) PTO
b) Hydraulic control
c) Pumping
d) None of the above
30. As per ASAE standards, the standard PTO speed is ____ rpm when operating under
load
a) 540
b) 1200
c) 1500
d) 840
31. The function of the ____ is to transmit power from the tractor to stationary
machinery by means of a belt.
a) PTO
b) Draw bar
c) Hydraulic system
d) Belt pulley
32. The horizontal component of the pull parallel to the line of motion is known as
………………….
a) Draft
b) Side draft
c) Unit Draft
d) Pull
 Lecture 5
Cost analysis of tractor with attached implement.
1. Fixed cost not includes
a) Depreciation
b) Fuel cost
c) Interest on investment
d) Insurance
2. Depreciation is calculated as
a) (C+S) / (L×H)
b) (S-C) / (L-H)
c) (C-S) / (L×H)
d) (C-S) / (L+H)
3. Estimated value of an asset at the end of its useful life
a) Interest
b) Depreciation
c) Salvage value
d) Insurance
4. The repair and maintenance cost will be _____ percent of the initial cost of the
machine per year
a) 20 %
b) 30 %
c) 5 %
d) 10 %
5. Effective field capacity is calculated as
a) (S+W)/10 × (E×100)
b) (S-W)/10 × (E/100)
c) (S×W)/10 × (E/100)
d) (S×W)/10 / (E/100)
6. ____cost relates to machine ownership. This cost can occur regardless of whether
the machine is used or not
a) Fixed cost
b) variable cost
c) Both
d) None
7. ___cost which is directly related to the amount of use
a) Fixed cost
b) variable cost
c) Both
d) None
 Lecture 6
Tillage, objectives, types - ploughing methods. Primary tillage- mould board plough,
disc plough, chisel plough and subsoil plough - components and functions, types,
advantages and disadvantages
1. Which one is primary tillage implement
a) Mould board plough
b) Rotavator
c) Puddler
d) cage wheels
2. Which type of furrow opener works well in trashy soils
a) Shovel type
b) Shoe type
c) Double disc type
d) None of the above
3. Indigenous plough forms ____ shape of furrow
a) V shape
b) Trapezoidal shape
c) Rectangular shape
d) Square shape
4. Forward end of the cutting edge which actually penetrates into the soil
a) Landside
b) Mould board
c) Share point
d) Frog
5. Share in which the point of share is provided by a small detachable piece
a) Slip nose share
b) Slip share
c) Bar point share
d) Shin share
6. A long mould board with gentle curvature which lifts and inverts the unbroken
furrow slice used for soil with full of grasses
a) General purpose
b) Stubble type
c) Sod and breaker type
d) Slat type
7. MB plough in which the single bottom can be rotated 180° along longitudinal axis
a) Reversible plough
b) Turn wrest plough
c) Fixed type plough
d) None of the above
8. Small irregular piece of metal having a shape similar to plough bottom to turn
over a small ribbon like furrow slice directly in front of the main plough bottom
 a) Coulter
b) Gage wheel
c) Jointer
d) None of the above
9. Dead and back furrows will be formed with ____ type of MB plough
a) Reversible plough
b) Turn wrest plough
c) Fixed type plough
d) None of the above
10. Device used to make lateral adjustment of the plough relative to the line of pull
a) Horizontal clevis
b) Vertical clevis
c) Both a and b
d) None of the above
11. Centre of resistance lies at a distance equal to ___ size of the plough from the
share wing
a) 3/4
b) 1/4
c) 1/2
d) 2/5
12. The angle between face of disc and direction of travel is called
a) Tilt angle
b) Gang angle
c) Disc angle
d) None of the above
13. Mounted type implements will be attached to the tractor by
a) Draw bar
b) Two point linkage
c) Chain
d) Three point linkage
14. Which of the following implement will not have PTO connection from tractor
a) Rotavator
b) Grass cutter
c) Disc plough
d) Power harrow
15. Plough used for breaking compacted sub soils
a) Chisel plough
b) Sub soiler
c) Both a and b
d) None of the above
16. PTO shaft is used when we need
a) Rotary motion
b) Reciprocating motion
 c) Both a and b
d) None of the above
17. The equipment generally having no driven parts is known as
a) Implement
b) Tool
c) Machine
d) all the above
18. An open trench left in between two adjacent strips of land after finishing the
ploughing is called
a) Back furrow
b) Furrow
c) Dead furrow
d) Furrow sole
19. Two way ploughing can be done with the use of
a) Reversible plough
b) Chisel plough
c) Disc harrow
d) Country plough
20. The preparation of seed bed in such a manner that plant residues are specially left
on or near the surface to control soil erosion is known as
a) Strip tillage
b) Rotary tillage
c) Combined tillage
d) Mulch tillage
21. In country plough, the component which helps the plough to stabilize the required
depth is known as
a) Shoe
b) Beam
c) Body
d) Yoke
22. The edge of the share which forms joint between mould board and share on the frog
is known as
a) Gunnel
b) Share point
c) Cleavage edge
d) Wing of share
23. The perpendicular distance from wing of the share to the line jointing the point of
the share and heel of land side is called
a) Width of the cut
b) size of the plough
c) vertical clearance
d) side clearance
24. The imaginary line passing from the centre of resistance through the clevis to the
centre of pull is known as
a) Centre of power
b) Line of pull
c) Draft
d) Hitch point
25. Tillage operations employing rotary action of the tool to cut, break and mix the soil
is called______
a) Strip tillage
b) Rotary tillage
c) Combined tillage
d) Mulch tillage

26. The mould board which is used for complete inversion of soil is _____
a) General purpose
b) Stubble type
c) Sod and breaker type
d) Slat type

27. The mass of soil cut, lifted and thrown to one side is called ______
a) Furrow wall
b) Ridge
c) Trench
d) Furrow slice

28. _______ is the vertical plate with no of holes at the end of the beam to control the
depth of operation and line of pull
a) Horizontal clevis
b) Vertical clevis
c) Frame
d) Top link of three point linkage
29. Reversible plough which has single bottom is known as _________ plough
a) Reversible plough
b) Turn wrest plough
c) Fixed type plough
d) None of the above
30. Slat type mouldboard is used for working in ______________ Soil (Sticky Soil)

31. ________ is the irregular piece of metal that join parts of mouldboard plough (Frog)
32. The angle between the direction of travel and the plane of cutting edge of the disc
is known as________ (Disc Angle)

33. ____________ is the front edge of the share which makes horizontal cut in the soil
(Cutting Edge)
34. __________is used to cut the furrow slice vertically from the land ahead of the
plough bottom (Coulter)

35. Disc angle in disc plough is _________ (42° to 45°)

36. Share, mould board, land side and frog are assembled in to one unit and called as
__________ (Plough bottom)

37. Tillage operations employing rotary action of the tool to cut, break and mix the soil
is called ___(Rotary tillage)

38. Tilt angle of a disc plough ____ (15-25°)

39. A mould board plough is penetrates into the soil due to its ..………..
a) Suction
b) Weight
c) Share point
d) Force
40. ..……….. is the vertical plate with no of holes at the end of the beam to control the
depth of operation
a) Horizontal clevis
b) Vertical clevis
c) Frog
d) Yoke
41. Angle between the direction of travel and plane of disc is …………..
a) Gang angle
b) Tilt angle
c) Disc angle
d) Blade angle
42. Angle between the vertical and disc is …………..
a) Gang angle
b) Tilt angle
c) Disc angle
d) Blade angle
43. Land wheel runs on the …………..land
a) Un ploughed
b) Ploughed
c) Center
d) Corner
44. ………. type furrow openers are best suited for stony or root infested fields
a) Single disc
b) Double disc
c) Shoe
d) Shovel
45. Draft on an MB plough developing 100 kg pull at 30 degree to the horizontal is:
a) 50 kg
 b) 76 kg
c) 86 kg
d) 100 kg
46. Field capacity of a 9 tyne cultivator with 20 cm spacing and operating at 5 kmph
with a efficiency of 90 per cent is:
a) 0.81 ha/hr
b) 1 ha/hr
c) 1.80 ha/hr
d) 2 ha/hr
47. Horizontal component of pull perpendicular to the line of motion is called:
a) Draft
b) Side draft
c) Transverse component
d) Pull
48. Dead furrow open furrow is called when ploughing is done by
a) Centre to side method
b) Side to centre method
c) One way ploughing
d) None of the above
49. Soil strength is determined by
a) Penetrometer
b) Micrometer
c) Hydrometer
d) Dynamometer
50. A farmer has to work about ------------km in ploughing one hectare of land with an
indigenous plough
a) 10 km
b) 25 km
c) 35 km
d) 66.67 km
51. Theoretical field capacity of a machine if the speed of the implement is 4 km/hr and
width of cut is 1 m ____ha/hr (Ans:0.4)
52. If the pull is 1000 kgf and angle between line of pull and horizontal is 12°, then the
draft will be ___ kgf (Ans: 978)
53. The depth of ploughing for a sub soiler plough ranges from
a) 15 to 30 cm b) 35 to 50 cm c) 45 to 75 cm d) 35 to 45 cm
 Lecture 7
Secondary tillage equipment – cultivators, harrows, levelers, land forming equipment –
rotovators – puddlers - manure tramplers and cage wheels, Implements for Hill
agriculture.
1. Of the following which is not a secondary tillage implement
a) Mould board plough
b) Disc harrow
c) Land leveller
d) Clod crusher
2. -------- is useful for uprooting and burring weeds in between standing rows of rice
crop in wetlands
a) Star weeder
b) Peg weeder
c) Cono weeder
d) Junior hoe
3. Junior hoe is primarily used for
a) breaking clods
b) seed bed preparation
c) weeding
d) none
4. Single action disc harrow have ___ numbers of gangs
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 1 or 2
5. Double action disc harrow is also known as
a) Tandem disc harrow
b) Single action disc harrow
c) Offset disc harrow
d) None of the above
6. Implement used for churning the soil with standing water while preparing fields
for paddy transplanting
a) Cage wheels
b) Puddler
c) Roller pulverizer
d) Clod crusher
7. Blade Harrow is also known as …………………….
a) Bakhar
b) guntaka
c) spike tooth
d) spring tooth
8. The top portion of the turned furrow slice is called as …………………
a) Crown
b) skirt
c) furrow sole
d) furrow wall
9. The soil is tilled ____ times in the case of double action harrow
a) Twice
 b) once
c) thrice
d) four
10. Gang bolt is also known as
a) Arbor bolt
b) Disc bolt
c) Spool
d) Tilt bolt
11. Power harrow gets power from ………
a) PTO
b) tyre
c) Crankshaft
d) Ground wheel
12. Disc is made up of a circular…………..
a) Concave steel plate
b) Convex steel plate
c) Flat steel plate
d) Plastic plate
13. ____ is based on the basic principle that side thrust against the front gang is
opposed by the side thrust of the rear gang.
a) Single action disc harrow
b) Disc plough
c) Offset harrow
d) Tandem harrow
14. The capacity of a reciprocating power harrow is
a) 0.4 ha/day
b) 0.5 ha/day
c) 0.6 ha/day
d) 0.7 ha/day
15. Tandem disc harrow consists _________ Nos of gangs (four)
16. Blade harrow is also known as _____________ (Bakhar or Guntaka)
17. Tandem disc harrow are
a) Zero action harrow
b) Single action harrow
c) Double action harrow
d) Multi action harrow
18. Tilt angle of a disc harrow is ………….
a) 0°
b) 5°
c) 10°
d) 15°
19. In which harrow the line of pull is not in the middle
a) Tandem disc harrow
b) Blade harrow
c) Off set disc harrow
d) Triangle harrow
20. The type of furrow opener recommended for use in hard or trashy ground and also
in wet, sticky soils is:
 a) Single disc type
b) Stub runner type
c) Full or curved runner type
d) Hoe type
21. Concavity of disk in disk harrow is ------------ than concavity of disc in disc plow
a) Greater
b) Lesser
c) Equal
d) None of above
22. The rotary or oscillating tool which does not turn the soil upside down is
a) Power tiller
b) Rotavator
c) Power harrow
d) Treader or rotary tiller
23. Blades of disc harrow are sharpened from the ---------------- side penetrate more
readily than blades sharpened from the ------------- side.
a) Convex, concave
b) Concave, convex
c) Front, rear
d) Rear, front
 Lecture 8
Sowing methods - seed drills and planters- seed cum fertilizer drills - components and
functions-Calibration.
1. In sowing, row to row and plant to plant distance is uniform in
a) Broadcasting b) check row planting c) Transplanting d) Dibbling
2. Seed drills differ from the planters in respect of
a) Metering mechanism
b) Ground wheel design
c) Transmission system between ground wheel and roller wheel
d) None of the above
3. Belt tension can be adjusted by
a) Idler pulley
b) Slide rails
c) Tilting plate drive
d) All of the above
4. Shoe type furrow openers especially suited to
a) Stoney and root infested fields
b) Poorly prepared bed in trashy soils
c) Hard and sticky ground with considerable amount of debris and mulch
d) All of the above
5. Most commonly used metering mechanism for fertilizer
a) Spur wheel
b) Serrated disc
c) Star wheel
d) Auger type
6. The metering mechanism which is suitable for the metering of small seeds as well
as large grains
a) Internal double run mechanism
b) Fluted wheel mechanism
c) Stationary opening with auger
d) None of the above
7. Seed damage due to cut- off not a problem in
a) Horizontal plate metering mechanism
b) Vertical rotor metering mechanism
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) Inclined plate metering mechanism
8. Most commonly used metering device for bulk flow seed metering of small and
medium size seeds (grains)
a) Fluted wheel
b) Internal double run
c) Stationary opening with agitator
d) None of the above
9. Chain drives are suitable for
a) Constant speed ratio between parallel shafts
b) Distance between centre to centre is moderate
c) Dirty and dusty environment
d) All of the above
10. ---- is normally used for those seeds which are larger in size and cannot be used by
usual seed drills.
a) Seed drill b) Planter c) Seed cum fertilizer drill d) None
11. The seed metering mechanism which has a wheel with horizontal grooves on the
periphery for metering the seeds
1. Internal double run
2. Cup feed mechanism
3. Cell feed type
4. Fluted wheel type
12. Which type of furrow opener works well in trashy soils
1. Shovel type
2. Shoe type
3. Double disc type
4. None of the above
13. Device which knocks out the seeds from the rotor cells
1. Knock out mechanism
2. Cut off mechanism
3. Drive mechanism
4. None of the above
14. Drive transmission system in seed drill connects _____ and ____ parts
1. Seed hopper and ground wheel
2. Seed metering mechanism and ground wheel
3. Seed metering mechanism and furrow opener
4. Seed hopper and furrow opener
15. Width of sowing of seed drill (in meter) which is having 4 furrow openers and
spacing between furrow openers is 15 cm is ___ m. (Ans: 0.6)
16. Number of revolutions of ground wheel of seed drill with width of sowing 1.6 m
and diameter of the wheel 1 m is ____rpm (Ans: 785)
17. Field efficiency of an implement having eeffective field capacity as 2 ha/hr and
theoretical field capacity as 2.5 ha/hr is ___ % (Ans: 80)
18. ……………..is a part of the sowing machine which conveys the seeds or fertilizer
from the delivery tube to the furrow.
a) Boot b) Seed tube c) Seed box d) Shovel
19. …………………… is the random scattering of seeds on the surface of seed beds.
a) Broadcasting b) Drilling c) Dibbling d) transplanting
20. Process of placing seeds in the holes made in the seed bed and covering them is
known as
a) Hill dropping b) Dibbling c) Drilling d) Check row planting
21. The power to the metering device is obtained from
a) Drive wheel b) rear wheel of tractor c) animal d) engine
22. The mechanism in which the seeds are collected and delivered by a series of
equally spaced cells is known as
a) Cup feed b) Brush feed c) Auger feed d) Cell feed
23. In seed dropping behind the plough, the device used for dropping the seeds is
a) malobansa b) dibbler c) transplanter d) seed drill
24. The mechanism in which a vertical plate is provided with radially projected arms,
which drops the seeds in furrows with the help of suitable jaws is
a) picker wheel b) star wheel c) fluted roll d) cell feed
25. The most common type of seed tube is the…………
 a) steel ribbon b) polythene c) rubber d) plastic
26. …………..is an art of placing seeds in the soil to have good germination in the
field.
a) Tillage b) Seeding c) Puddling d) Germination
 Lecture 10
Paddy transplanters, types, working principle, field and nursery requirements
1. For transplanting mat seedling of age ____ is used
a. 35 – 45 days
b. 20 – 30 days
c. 15 – 20 days
d. 10 – 15 days
2. Which type of seeding is suitable for paddy and vegetables
A. Hill dropping B. Drilling C. Transplanting D. Dibbling
3. ______ is equipment used for transplanting mat type paddy seedlings in the main
field. Ans: Transplanter
4. 6 row manual paddy transplanter covers 0.25 ha/day and 2 labours are required
to operate
5. Self-propelled paddy transplanter has four bar linkage mechanism for
transplanting
6. Four bar linkage mechanism picks up 3or4 seedlings in each fork at a time from
the mat and plant them in the puddled soil
7. The planting capacity of self-propelled paddy transplanter is 0.05 to 0.1 ha/hr
8. For establishing modified plant nursery 18 to 20 kg seed is required per ha
9. Nursery area needed for each one ha is 100 m2
 Lecture 11
Implements for intercultural operations – cultivators, sweep, junior hoe, manual
weeders and power operated weeders for wet land and garden land
1. The rotary or oscillating tool which does not turn the soil upside down is
a. Power tiller
b. Rotavator
c. Power harrow
d. Treader or rotary tiller
2. V-shaped sweeps are best suited for
a. Primary tillage
b. Stubble mulch tillage
c. Rotary tillage
d. Minimum tillage
3. -------- is useful for uprooting and burring weeds in between standing rows of rice
crop in wetlands
a) Star weeder b) Peg weeder c) Cono weeder d) Junior hoe
4. Junior hoe is primarily used for
a) breaking clods b) seed bed preparation c) weeding d) none
5. Blade Harrow is also known as …………………….
a) Bakhar b) guntaka c) spike tooth d) spring tooth
6. The capacity of a helical bladed puddler is ……….
a) 0.6 ha/day b) 0.5 ha/day c) 0.7 ha/day d) 0.8 ha/day
7. The operations performed in the field after sowing but before harvesting the crop
are called as intercultural operations
8. Hand hoe is the most popular manually operated weeding tool use in the farm.
The coverage is 5-7 cents per day
9. Star and peg type weeders are dry land weeders
10. Cono weeder is wet land weeder
11. Manual weeders covers 0.05 ha.day
12. _____ type of cultivator is particularly recommended for soils which are
embedded with stones or stumps Ans: Cultivator with spring loaded tynes
13. _____ type rigid cultivator which is used mostly for shallow ploughing,
destruction of weeds and retention of moisture. Ans: Duck foot cultivator
 Lecture 12, 13
12. Sprayers and their functions, classification, manually operated sprayers,
terminology, Nozzle types.
13. Power operated sprayers – Tractor operated boom sprayer, Knapsack mist blower
cum duster – Tall tree sprayer-dusters, types and uses.
1. ------------- is used to apply liquid chemicals on plants to control pest and diseases
a) Sprayer b) duster c) star wheel d) conoweeder
2. Component in a sprayer, which breaks the fluid in to fine droplet is called
a. Agitator
b. Pressure regulator
c. Nozzle
d. Spray gun
3. Volume of liquid handled by Ultra low volume sprayer is
a. > 400 litres /ha
b. 5 to 400 litres/hectare
c. < 5 litres /ha
d. None of the above
4. Machine used to apply chemicals in powder form is
a. Knapsack sprayer
b. Duster
c. Hand atomizer
d. None of the above
5. In hydraulic sprayers, the degree of atomization is primarily a function of:
a) Liquid pressure and the nozzle characteristics
b) Air velocity
c) Size of the nozzle
d) Size and shape of the atomizer
6. ASPEE are famous for manufacturing:
a) Tractor
b) Power tillers
c) Ploughs
d) Sprayers
7. Droplet size can be increased by
a. Reducing the operating pressure
b. Increasing viscosity to damp natural wave formation
c. Increasing orifice size
d. All of the above
8. For a given spray sample Volume mean diameter (VMD) is larger than
number mean diameter (NMD)
9. ____ is a device which stirs the solution and keep the contents in homogenous
condition. Ans:Agitator
10. In a reciprocating type pump, in a sprayer, an air chamber is provided on the
discharge line of the pump to level out the pulsations of the pump and thus
providing a constant nozzle pressure
11. ___ is an automatic device to control the pressure of fluid or gas within a range a
predetermined pressure. Ans: Relief valve
12. ____ is a small circular plastic ring with nylon wire mesh to filter any dust particle
coming with the chemical solution. Ans:Strainer
13. Spray boom is a long metallic or PVC pipe to which several nozzles are fitted
with.
14. Knapsack hand operated sprayer is suitable for applying chemicals to several
field crops, The application rate is 500lit/ha. The coverage is 0.5-1.0ha/day
15. Rocker sprayer is used for spraying fruit trees in orchards, coconut and arecanut
trees. It consists of a piston type pump. Pressure upto14-18kg/cm2
16. To convert blower to duster
 Replace the liquid delivery hose by a bigger diameter pleated hose to carry
the Powdery chemical from the tank into the air stream.
 Provide a air distributor at the bottom of the tank for stirring and keeping
the chemical in suspended form.
17. Power sprayer is a heavy duty and efficient sprayer powered by 3 hp motor.
 Lecture 14
Tools for horticultural crops – propagation tools, planters and harvesting tools and
machinery
1. ______ are used to make holes in seedbed to plant seeds, seedlings and bulbs.
Ans: Dibber
2. _____ are used to harvest scion wood or bud sticks. Ans: Pruning and shopping
shears
3. _____ is used to cut branches upto 4 inches diameter. Ans: Folding pruning saw
4. _____ can plant at spacing as close as 5-8 cm in the row. Ans: Vegetable
transplanters – mechanical transplanters
5. Float Wheel Direct Drive system provides positive plant spacing without wheel
slippage
6. Planting holes for tree saplings should be 2 to 3 times wider than the root ball
and the same depth.
7. Drive to the gear box in tractor operated post hole digger is obtained from PTO of
the tractor
8. Engine operated post hole digger (manual handling) needs two man and auger is
powered by a 4cycle, 5 hp engine
9. In turmeric harvester ____ is provided to dig soil and ____ is provided to remove
rhizomes from soil. Ans: blade with bar points and lift rods
10. Power tiller operated Potato digger consists of a shank, a triangular shape ridger
with a share and extension rods and a hitch frame
 Lecture 15
Threshing of crop, thresher and its principles of operation - threshing losses
1. The percentage of unthreshed grains from all outlets with respect to total grain
input in the thresher by weight is _____ loss
a. Blower loss
b. Cylinder loss
c. Sieve loss
d. Visible damage loss
2. Bureau of Indian Standards has specified that the total grain loss should not be
more than 5 percent, in which broken grain should be less than 2 percent
3. The percentage of grains blown by blower along with straw with respect to total
grain input in the thresher by weight is called
a. Blower loss
b. Cylinder loss
c. Sieve loss
d. Visible damage loss
4. The percentage of healthy grains, dropped from sieve with respect to healthy
grains, received from main outlet by weight is called
a. Blower loss
b. Cylinder loss
c. Sieve loss
d. Visible damage loss
5. The percentage of broken or cracked grains from all outlets with respect to total
grain input in the thresher by weight is _____ loss
a. Blower loss
b. Cylinder loss
c. Sieve loss
d. Visible damage loss
6. ______ type of threshing cylinder mostly used for paddy threshing. Ans:
Raspbar
7. Hammer mill type threshing cylinder suitable for threshing maize, sorghum
 Lecture 16, 17
16. Harvesting equipment – reapers - mowers and combine harvesters – types,
construction and operation-Balers.
17. Harvesting machinery for groundnut, tuber crops, Cotton and sugarcane
1. A reaper is used for:
a) Cutting crop
b) Cutting and windrowing
c) Cutting and threshing
d) None of these
2. Machine which performs both harvesting and threshing is called as
a. Mower
b. Reaper
c. Combine
d. Impact cutter
3. Flail shredders –It has knives rotating in vertical planes parallel to direction of
travel
4.

5. Reciprocating mower is the most common type of mower used for

harvesting forage crops and food grain crops like paddy and wheat
6. In tractor drawn semi-mounted or mounted type mowers the cutter bar is
operated by P.T.O. shaft of the tractor
7. Ledger plate It is a hardened metal inserted in a guard (finger) over which
knife sections move to give a scissor like cutting action.
8. Vertical Conveyor Reaper is mostly used for harvesting paddy and wheat
9. _____cuts and binds the crop simultaneously. Ans: Reaper binder
10. The size of the combine is indicated by width of cut it covers in the field
11. Groundnut digger shaker consists of digging blade and a spike tooth
conveyor
12. Potato digger elevator is used for digging and windrowing the potatoes. The
equipment is a pto operated single row machine.
Match the following

1. Share point – forward end of cutting edge

2. Gunnel - side thrust
3. Acme harrow – knife
4. SI engine - Petrol -
5. Harrow – Secondary tillage
6. Disc - Tool
7. Seed drill - Boot
8. Transplanting - Rice
9. Jointer - miniature plough
10. Side clearance - horizontal suction
11. Bore - cylinder diameter
12. Thermo siphon - radiator
13. Vertical suction - depth
14. Shovel - furrow opener
15. Skirt - piston

1. Primary tillage equipment Mould board plough

2. Gunnel Side thrust
3. Broad casting Random scattering
4. Internal double run type Double faced wheel
5. Picker wheel mechanism Potato
6. Cam shaft gear Half time gear
7. Spark ignition Petrol engine
8. Compression ignition Diesel engine
9. Flywheel Energy storage
10. Cooling fins Air cooled engine
11. Inlet and exhaust valve Four stroke engine
12. Holes or ports in cylinder Two stroke engine
13. Scavenging Removal of exhaust gas
14. Secondary tillage Harrows
15. Fluted feed type Seed metering mechanism