Artificial

Selection
ELS | GROUP 1
Process by which humans
choose individual
organisms with certain
phenotypic trait values for
breeding
 A. Selective Breeding

the process in which humans

breed specific parents to create
offspring with desirable
characteristics
 A. Selective Breeding
ADVANTAGES:
• Selective breeding establishes and maintains certain stable
traits that animals will pass to the next generation.

• Traits that humans find desirable in domesticated species

such as:

disease resistance, strength, calmness, more lean meat,

endurance, etc.

In many cases, this makes the species stronger.

 A. Selective Breeding
DISADVANTAGES:
• It may lead to a lack of variety in plant and animal species –
selective breeding can lead to in-breeding.

• Genetic mutations could make the process useless and not

guarantee the desired outcome.

• It may end up harming animals.

• There is no guarantee that desired traits will pass

to.
EXAMPLE:
EXAMPLE:
 B. Hybridization
The cross between animals of the
same genus but different species is
known as interspecific
hybridization.
 B. Hybridization
ADVANTAGES:
• Increase growth rate
• Manipulate sex ratios
• Produce sterile animals
• Improve flesh quality
• Increase disease resistance
• Improve environmental tolerance
 B. Hybridization
DISADVANTAGES:

• Decrease diversity through the breakdown of

reproductive barriers

• Extinction of populations or species

EXAMPLE:
EXAMPLE:
 C. Inbreeding

Occurs when two closely related

organisms mate with each other and
produce offspring.
 C. Inbreeding
ADVANTAGES:
• Inbreeding leads to exposure and elimination of harmful
recessive genes.

• Inbreeding helps in the accumulation of superior genes.

Through selection, less desirable genes can be eliminated,
resulting in an increase in the productivity of the inbred
population.
 C. Inbreeding
ADVANTAGES:
• Inbreeding leads to reducing fertility.
• It leads to reduce the birth rate too.
• It reduced immune function.
• Inbreeding leads to homozygosity which increases
the chances of offspring being affected by genetic
disorders or recessive traits.
• Continued inbreeding, reduces fertility and even
productivity.