See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/376420854

Design and Fabrication of Low Cost, Time Saving, Automatic Dishwasher with
Water Recycling Feature

Conference Paper · October 2023

DOI: 10.1109/ICIT59216.2023.10335703

CITATIONS READ
0 1

6 authors, including:

Mudassar Usman Aashir Waleed

University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore
9 PUBLICATIONS 15 CITATIONS 38 PUBLICATIONS 1,306 CITATIONS

SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE

All content following this page was uploaded by Aashir Waleed on 14 December 2023.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

 2023 International Conference on IT and Industrial Technologies (ICIT)

Design and Fabrication of Low Cost, Time Saving,

Automatic Dishwasher with Water Recycling
Feature
2023 International Conference on IT and Industrial Technologies (ICIT) | 979-8-3503-1597-4/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICIT59216.2023.10335703

Muhammad Shahid Umar Hayyat Mudassar Usman

Electrical Engineering Department, Electrical Engineering Department, Electrical Engineering Department,
UET, Lahore (Faisalabad Campus), UET, Lahore (Faisalabad Campus), UET, Lahore (Faisalabad Campus),
Faisalabad, Pakistan. Faisalabad, Pakistan. Faisalabad, Pakistan.
mshahid20002@gmail.com 2019ee360@student.uet.edu.pk mud.usman@student.uet.edu.pk

Dilshad Ahmad Ahmad Asghar Aashir Waleed

Electrical Engineering Department, Electrical Engineering Department,
UET, Lahore (Faisalabad Campus), UET, Lahore (Faisalabad Campus),
Faisalabad, Pakistan. Faisalabad, Pakistan.
2019ee409@student.uet.edu.pk 2019ee382@student.uet.edu.pk
Corresponding Author: aashir.walid@uet.edu.pk
Electrical Engineering Department,
UET, Lahore (Faisalabad Campus),
Faisalabad, Pakistan.
aashir.walid@uet.edu.pk

Abstract—The design and manufacture of automatic conveyor-
based dishwashers is a complex process that involves the inte-
gration of mechanical, electrical, and electronic components. The
main objective of this project is to create a low cost, highly
efficient, water and detergent saving based dishwasher that can
handle a bulk number of dishes in a very short time. Dishwashers
are designed to transport dishes automatically using a conveyor
belt system. The system includes the flow of water and detergents
to ensure optimal cleaning and hygiene. The manufacturing
process includes material selection, creation of detailed computer
aided design (CAD) models, and machine construction using
precision manufacturing techniques. The result is a reliable and
efficient dishwasher that can meet the needs of commercial
kitchens and other high-volume food service operations. The
main goal of semi-automatic dishwashers is to reduce human
effort and time with an innovative simple design. The dishwasher
design has been made environment friendly as well by introducing
reusing of water and less consumption of detergent. The proposed
dishwasher in this work is a new concept that does all the
work of a traditional dishwashing i.e.; plate placing, detergent
spraying, sparkling water in one wash cycle. In addition to
that the dishwasher model is composed of AC gear Motors,
Universal Motor, Conveyor chain and a central controller for the
control of process and time delaying. This work also presents the
benefits of water, time and detergent saving by using the proposed
dishwasher as compared to conventional dishwashing.
Index Terms—Water saving, Dishwasher, Clean technology,
Time Saving, Energy Efficiency
I. I NTRODUCTION
An automatic dishwasher is an appliance used to clean
and sanitize dishes and utensils in a home or commercial
setting. Traditional dishwashers require manual loading and
unloading, but conveyor-based dishwashers automate the pro-
cess by transporting dishes through a series of wash and
979-8-3503-1597-4/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE
rinse cycles [1]–[5]. Dishwashing is a daily chore in homes
and commercial kitchens, and traditional dishwashing can be
time-consuming and labor-intensive. The use of conveyor-
based dishwashers improves the efficiency and convenience
of dishwashing in commercial kitchens, but these dishwashers
have certain limitations and drawbacks that need attention [6],
[7]. Various research articles [8]–[11] discuss how to reduce
human effort in the normal dishwashing process. A semi-
automatic dishwasher has made cleaning process of dishes
very easier and more efficient [12]. Our survey of several
households shows that washing dishes by hand often causes
several problems. Sprays contain chemicals and are handled
by human hands. Now this project is mainly focused on
this challenge and therefore a suitable tool has been created.
Washing dishes can be done without using abrasive force [13].
The process of washing dishes usually uses a lot of energy,
manpower, detergent, and water. Therefore, manufacturing of
dishwashers will increase due to its unique design and benefits
in healthy and safe cleaning of food item’s [14].A dishwasher
will incorporate various components, including a conveyor
belt, spray nozzle and heating element, to clean dishes quickly
and thoroughly [15], [16]. In [17] authors suggested vertical
position-based dish carrying structure to fabricate and design
dish washing machine. High power consumption and more
water utilization are the main drawback of this scheme. In
[18] researchers investigated the experimental study of semi-
automated dishwasher for domestic purposes. In this design the
dishes work on rotary-based circulation system and it consume
less power. The higher system cost and more operating time
are main disadvantages of this design. Therefore, there is
strong need to look up for such solutions for dish washing
which may fulfil the desired purpose with low cost and reduced
consumption of water, detergent and time. The benefits of the

Authorized licensed use limited to: UNIV OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY LAHORE. Downloaded on December 14,2023 at 08:36:01 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 purposed dishwasher over manual handling are:
• Cleaning dishes is easier and more efficient.
• Minimum time, Less Energy consumption, Less water.
• Availability in Low cost by Saving about 800$ as com-
pared to the imported Dishwashers 1500$.
• A standard dishwasher uses around 12 liters of water per
wash while hand washing generally uses up to 60 liters.
• Reduce Human Efforts/ Less number of people.
• Good for Health and beneficial for handicapped.
Therefore, the problem addressed in this study is the need for
a more efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly
conveyor-based automatic dishwasher that can be used in both
home and commercial kitchens. The development of such
dishwashers will increase the convenience and efficiency of
washing dishes while reducing the impact on the environment.
It is worth mentioning that it has interesting feature of water
recycling which ultimately assists in smart usage of water
while dishwashing. Fig. 1 illustrates the features comparison
of the proposed automatic dishwasher and manual washing.
Fig. 1. The comparison of dishwasher and manual handwash.
The design pro components and developing a detailed CAD
model of the dishwasher, selecting appropriate materials and
components, and testing the system to ensure it meets perfor-
mance standards. Fabrication will include building the system
according to the CAD model, testing it for functionality and
making any necessary adjustments. Fig. 2 describes some key
features of the proposed automatic Dishwasher. The purpose
of this research study is to create a conveyor-based automatic
dishwasher that is practical, cost-effective, and environmen-
tally friendly. This device will not only make dishwashing
Authorized licensed use limited to: UNIV OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY LAHORE. Downloaded on December 14,2023 at 08:36:01 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
more convenient for users, but will also reduce water and
energy consumption, making it a sustainable solution for
cleaning dishes.
Fig. 2. The Features of proposed automatic dishwasher.
II. E XPERIMENTAL S ETUP
The main purpose of this study is to design and implement
automatic dishwasher to provide a smart solution for washing
dishes while saving water, detergent, and time. All basic
mechanisms should include washing dishes with soda water,
brushing, and rinsing with clean water. Building an automatic
dishwasher requires designing the machine as the first step.
This includes selecting materials and components, determining
the size and capacity of the dishwasher, and creating a control
system. Assembling dishwasher parts. When washing dishes,
the first step is to clean the food residue from the dishes and
wash them with a soapy solution using a DC 12V pump. Here
we also do the first step of putting the dirty dishes to be washed
in the first chamber. The dishes are kept in horizontal Set
on a conveyor belt with a 60W high-speed motor and enter
the chamber. Pressure water spray and dishwashing using a
35W water pump. The motor starts when the dishes enter
the washing room. Gear motors are delayed at certain time
intervals and all system operations are controlled by sensors.
A pressurized detergent solvent spray is first sprayed onto the
plate using nozzles. This is done with the help of surgery.
The purpose of Submersible Pump LH-3030 present in the
chamber is to remove feed waste at this stage and sent to the
second stage where it is cleaned. The plate is cleaned with a
rotating brush, where almost all impurities are removed at this
stage. Finally, the plate enters the final stage, where the plate
is sprayed with hot water to remove the soap solution, then
the plate is wiped with a cloth and put in the correct order.
Water is sent through the flow port connected to the device.
Once the design is complete, the parts of the dishwasher can
be assembled. Interior rack, spray arm, detergent, control panel
and motor all included. Dishwasher Wiring and Programming:
After installation and programming, the dishwasher should be
tested to make sure it is working properly. For this, the dish-
washer must undergo several tests to evaluate various aspects
 such as cleaning efficiency, water pressure, temperature. Fig. 3
illustrates the block diagram representation of the dishwashing
process.
Fig. 3. The figure presents the block diagrams of the dishwashing process.
III. H ARDWARE T OOLS & S OFTWARE R EQUIREMENTS
In this study, the hardware model consists of a side circuit
box (including Arduino, capacitor-4 micro-farad, and relay
control circuit) of an automatic dishwasher. The software part
includes simulation of the proposed model, and coding for
the intelligent system. The complete model of the proposed
system is given in Fig. 4. In general, the following hardware
and software components are used to implement the proposed
system in this work.
• Conveyer chain
• Water Sink
• Arduino UNO Microchip ATmega328P
• Cleaning Brush
• Submersible Water Pump of 30W
• Gear Motor for relay 60W
• Detergent Pump 12V DC.
• Channel Relay
Fig. 4. The block diagram presents the control block diagram.
Authorized licensed use limited to: UNIV OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY LAHORE. Downloaded on December 14,2023 at 08:36:01 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
Fig. 5. The Hardware Design & 3D Modeling of the Project.
A. Software & code control
The software component is mainly associated with the
software code written in the Arduino controller for the purpose
of controlling the proposed system. The control diagram of the
system is also depicted in Fig. 4.
Fig. 4 shows the performance of the automatic dishwasher
tested by washing dishes with the dishwasher. The washing
cycle consists of three steps: rinse, main wash, and rinse.
Several tests were carried out to determine the performance
and effectiveness of the device. This was done by comparing
the washing speed of an automatic dishwasher designed with
hand washing (by hand). Four (4) parameters are considered
in conducting this test, namely: the dishes are washed; the
amount of water used for washing (liters); Amount of detergent
used (ml); washing time (seconds) The test results show that
the automatic dishwasher can wash dishes efficiently. Garbage
remains or comes out spotlessly clean. The washing cycle is
completed at the specified time.Water used in the dishwashing
is also recycled to reduce water consumption and again used
in chamber 1 through motor pump to spray water on used
plates.
The Fig. 5 presents the real time image of the designed
dishwasher in this case and the 3D CAD modeling images
of the proposed dishwasher. It is worth noting that the water
reusing has been introduced by pumping the water back across
chambers, as depicted in hardware model of Fig. 5. Thus, it is
apparent from the hardware model that this proposed model is
combination of an effective automated control of dishwashing
along with water, detergent and time saving features. To
further affirm the mentioned claimed there is an utmost need
to verify by doing experimentation. For the said purpose, a
set of experiments have been performed on this proposed
model and have been summarized accordingly in Fig. 6–8 and
 Tables I–III. The results obtained confirm the superiority of
automatic dishwashing in comparison to manual dishwashing
and make them suitable candidate for the environment friendly
dishwashers of the future.

TABLE I
C ONSUMED WATER STATISTICS USING DISHWASHER AND MANUAL
WASHING

Water (Liter) Used by Water (Liter) Used by

No. of Plates
Dishwasher Manual
4 1 2
10 2.5 5
30 10 20
60 20 40
90 30 60
100 32 65

Fig. 7. Time consumed comparison between proposed dishwasher and manual

washing.

TABLE III
C ONSUMED WATER STATISTICS USING DISHWASHER AND MANUAL
WASHING

Detergent Used by
Detergent Used by
No. of Plates Manual washing.
Dishwasher (ml)
(ml)
4 50 140
10 200 395
30 180 310
60 280 470
90 450 630
100 490 750

Fig. 8 and table III presents a comparison based on usage of

detergent for both manual and automatic dishwashing. Overall,
Fig. 6. Water usage with automatic dishwasher and manual washing. this may be concluded from Tables I–III and figures 6–8 that,
the proposed dishwasher model is more efficient and useful
as compared manual dishwashing in terms of water, time and
TABLE II
C ONSUMED WATER STATISTICS USING DISHWASHER AND MANUAL
detergent saving.It has been also estimated that if the purposed
WASHING model is incorporated for dish washing then not only usage
of water, detergent and time will be reduced but it will also
Time (Sec) Used by Time (Sec) Used by
No. of Plates
Dishwasher Manual washing
4 100 180
10 200 395
30 600 1132
60 1200 2350
90 1800 3450
100 2000 4120

In this work, a comparison study has been also performed

to understand the possible water preservation by using this
technology for various washing conditions. Table I and Fig. 6
presents a water usage comparison for various number of
dishes. It is quite evident from the comparison that automatic
dishwasher is a smart choice as compared to manual dish
washing in terms of water preservation. This is worth noting
that the water preservation feature makes it unique and reduces
the water usage by recycling the water. In a similar fashion,
Table II and Fig. 7 presents a time saving comparison of the Fig. 8. Comparison of Detergent usage with automatic dishwasher and manual
proposed dishwashing with manual dishwashing. washing.

Authorized licensed use limited to: UNIV OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY LAHORE. Downloaded on December 14,2023 at 08:36:01 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 lessen the environmental impacts of dish washing. [8] K. Abeliotis, N. Dimitrakopoulou, and M. Vamvakari, “Attitudes and
behaviour of consumers regarding dishwashing: The case of patras,
IV. C ONCLUSION greece,” Resources, conservation and recycling, vol. 62, pp. 31–36,
2012.
This work presents an automated, time saving, environment [9] C. P. Richter, “Automatic dishwashers: efficient machines or less efficient
friendly dishwasher with additional features of low cost, water consumer habits?” International Journal of Consumer Studies, vol. 34,
no. 2, pp. 228–234, 2010.
& detergent saving. In summary, it has been observed that pro- [10] J. Zupančič, M. Novak Babič, P. Zalar, and N. Gunde-Cimerman,
posed automated dishwashers are time-saving, convenient ma- “The black yeast exophiala dermatitidis and other selected opportunistic
chines which may quickly become popular household goods. human fungal pathogens spread from dishwashers to kitchens,” PLoS
One, vol. 11, no. 2, p. e0148166, 2016.
They have several advantages, including superior cleaning, the [11] P. Zalar, “Dishwashers-a man-made ecological niche accommodating
ability to save energy and water, and the need for less physical human opportunistic fungal pathogens,” Fungal Biology, vol. 30, pp.
work and time. The proposed machine is programmed to use 1–11, 2010.
[12] M. Yoshida, N. Furuya, N. Hosokawa, H. Kanamori, M. Kaku, M. Koide,
a central controller to control operations including water level F. Higa, and J. Fujita, “Legionella pneumophila contamination of hospi-
and washing time. The dishwasher is built with easily available tal dishwashers,” American Journal of Infection Control, vol. 46, no. 8,
materials and components, making it inexpensive and cost- pp. 943–945, 2018.
[13] T. J. Hannu, V. E. Riihimäki, P. L. Piirilä et al., “Reactive airways
effective. The proposed model has outstanding feature of being dysfunction syndrome from acute inhalation of dishwasher detergent
environment friendly due to its less consumption of water and powder,” Canadian Respiratory Journal, vol. 19, pp. e25–e27, 2012.
detergent. [14] C. P. Richter, “Usage of dishwashers: observation of consumer habits in
the domestic environment,” International journal of consumer studies,
The automatic dishwasher machine provides consumers with vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 180–186, 2011.
a convenient and effective way to wash and dry dishes, sim- [15] H. Janna, M. D. Scrimshaw, R. J. Williams, J. Churchley, and J. P.
plifying the dishwashing process while supporting sustainable Sumpter, “From dishwasher to tap? xenobiotic substances benzotriazole
and tolyltriazole in the environment,” 2011.
living with its eco-friendly features. This innovation illustrates [16] Z. Q. . W. Y. Dong, Liu, “Design and fabrication of a smart dishwasher
the possibilities of technical developments in our modern based on sensor control,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 272, 2020.
world and acts as a foundation for future enhancements. [17] S. Chougule, A. Dingane, V. Shinde, S. Gavade, O. Jangam, D. Jadhav,
and V. Pawar, “Automatic dish washing machine.”
The automated dishwasher is an amazing technological ad- [18] R. Venkatesh and Sivaramkumar, “Design and fabrication of automatic
vancement that makes washing dishes convenient and effec- dishwasher machine,” International Journal SSRG, vol. 4, no. 3, pp.
tive, improving our daily lives. The dishwasher machine has 26–31, 2017.
demonstrated satisfactory performance in terms of cleaning ef-
fectiveness, energy consumption, and water usage throughout
testing and evaluation. The machine effectively cleans dishes
and utensils while using substantially less energy than human
dishwashing.
Overall, the development of an automatic dishwasher machine
has demonstrated the potential for producing practical, cost-
effective home appliances that may conserve time, resources,
and labor while also encouraging a more environmentally
friendly way of life. Further adjustments and optimizations
can be made to improve the performance and utility of the
dishwasher machine.
R EFERENCES
[1] J. Fenster, “The woman who invented the dishwasher,” American her-
itage of invention & technology, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 54–61, 1999.
[2] Ö. Özçevik, C. Brebbia, and S. Şener, Sustainable development and
planning VII. WIT Press, 2015, vol. 193.
[3] I. Odesola and T. Ikuenogbon, “Design appreciation of a commercial
washing machine,” 2010.
[4] I. Cardinale and J. Runde, “From dishwashing to dishwasher cooking:
on social positioning and how users are drawn towards alternative uses
of existing technology,” Cambridge Journal of Economics, vol. 45, no. 4,
pp. 613–630, 2021.
[5] L. Belke, W. Maitra, B. Nijhuis, C. Presti, and R. Stamminger, “Global
consumer study to identify water wastage in the usage of automatic
dishwashers,” International Journal of Consumer Studies, vol. 43, no. 5,
pp. 471–479, 2019.
[6] P. Van Puijenbroek, A. Beusen, and A. Bouwman, “Datasets of the
phosphorus content in laundry and dishwasher detergents,” Data in brief,
vol. 21, pp. 2284–2289, 2018.
[7] W. Wu, M. J. Palmarin, and S. Young, “Poly (dimethylamine-co-
epichlorohydrin) as an alternative to alum for the demulsification of
commercial dishwasher wastewater,” Separation and Purification Tech-
nology, vol. 195, pp. 281–287, 2018.

Authorized licensed use limited to: UNIV OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY LAHORE. Downloaded on December 14,2023 at 08:36:01 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

View publication stats