Senior High School

Physical Science
Module 2:
 How the Properties of Matter
Relate to their Chemical
Structure

AIRs - LM
LU_Physical Science_Module2
PHYSICAL SCIENCE
Module 2: How the Properties of Matter relate to their
Chemical Structure Second Edition, 2021

Copyright © 2021
La Union Schools Division
Region I

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any

form without written permission from the copyright owners.

Development Team of the Module

Author: Jhunel L. Nevado

Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality
 Assurance Team Content Reviewer: John-John Q.
Garcia
Language Reviewer: Mark Emil L. Agustin
Illustrator: Ernesto F. Ramos Jr.
Design and Layout: Jhunel L. Nevado

Management Team:

Atty. Donato D. Balderas Jr.

Schools Division Superintendent
Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, Ph D
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
German E. Flora, Ph D, CID Chief
Virgilio C. Boado, Ph D, EPS in Charge of LRMS
Rominel S. Sobremonte, Ph D, EPS in Charge of Science
Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II
Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II

Printed in the Philippines by: _________________________

Department of Education – SDO La Union

Office Address: Flores St. Catbangen, San Fernando
City, La Union Telefax: 072 – 205 – 0046
Email Address: launion@deped.gov.ph

LU_Physical Science_Module2

SHS

Physical Science
Module 2:
How the Properties of Matter
relate to their Chemical
Structure
LU_Physical Science_Module2
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our
dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at
home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and
discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each
lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall

guide you step-by-step as you discover and understand the
lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on

lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed
with completing this module or if you need to ask your
facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for a better
understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you
need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning.
Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust
that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the

Teacher are also provided to our facilitators and parents for
strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on
your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary

marks on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper
in answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions
carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any

difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate
to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
LU_Physical Science_Module2

Target
We've talked about employing technology to synthesize elements when they can't exist
without being manufactured. In this lesson, we'll go more into the patterns of atoms
and groups of atoms, sometimes known as molecules— specifically, their polarity.

You learned in Grade 8 that atoms combine to create molecules or compounds and
that obtaining a stable configuration obeying the Octet Rule makes them more stable.
In Grade 9, on the other hand, you learned about chemical bonds, also known as
intramolecular forces, and the three sorts of them: ionic, covalent, and metallic, as
well as how to write the Lewis dot symbol. You learned the fundamentals of
electronegativity in Grade 10 Science and were briefly exposed to the issue of the
polarity of molecules using electronegativity values.

Understanding the polarity of molecules will undoubtedly improve as a result of

studying this subject. This module is jam-packed with fun exercises that will make
your Chemistry classes even more enjoyable.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. determine if a molecule is polar or non-polar given its structure (S11/12 PS-IIIC-

15)

Learning Objectives:
a. define operationally polar and nonpolar molecules
b. identify the basic molecular shape and the type of bond of the molecule
c. determine the polarity of chemical bonds between atoms using the concept of
electronegativity
d. calculate the electronegativity difference of a given molecule 2. relate the polarity of
a molecule to its properties (S11/12 PS-IIIC-16)

Learning Objectives:
a. define solubility, miscibility, and polarity
b. describe how polarity of molecules related to its properties 1

LU_Physical Science_Module2
Pretest

Direction: Read each item carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer.

1. What kind of compound is CO2?

A. Ionic
B. Polar molecule with polar bonds
C. Polar molecule with non-polar bonds
D. Nonpolar molecule with polar bonds

2. What kind of chemical bond do you have: F and Cl?

A. Ionic B. James Bond
 C. Polar covalent D. Non-polar covalent

3. Which of the following statements BEST determines the polarity

of a bond between two elements?
A. The number of electrons shared in the bond
B. The difference in atomic radius between the elements
C. The difference in electronegativity between the elements
D. The difference in first ionization energy between the elements

4. Which of the following molecules is a polar bond?

A. CCl2 B. CCl4 C. CF4 D. CFH3

5. Which of these compounds is a polar?

A. AgCl B. CH4 C. CCl4 D. NH3

6. Which is the correct order for the Pauling electronegativity

values of the listed atoms?
A. F > Br > O > C B. F > O > Br > C
C. F > O > C > Br D. O > F > Br > C

7. Which of the following molecule is INCORRECTLY matched with

the electronic geometry about the central atom?
A. BeBr2 – linear B. PF3 – pyramidal
C. H2O – tetrahedral D. CF4 – tetrahedral

8. Which of the following pairs of molecules and their molecular

geometries is WRONG?
A. H2O – bent B. BF3 - trigonal planar
C. NF3 - trigonal planar D. AsF5 - trigonal bipyramidal

9. Which of the following molecule is INCORRECTLY matched with

the electronic geometry about the central atom?
A. SO32- - pyramidal B. ClO3- - tetrahedral
C. BrO4- - tetrahedral D. NO2- - trigonal planar

10. A nonpolar covalent bond would form in which of the following

pairs of atoms?
A. Ca-O B. C-S C. Na-Cl D. P-N2

LU_Physical Science_Module2
11. Oil and water don’t mix despite constant stirring. The oil
floats and makes a layer above the water when mixed
together.” What process explains this phenomenon?
A. Immiscibility B. Miscibility
C. Polarity D. Solubility

12. A beaker with 500 ml of water (room temperature) is placed in

a hot plate. If the temperature continues to increase, the water
in the beaker will most likely .
A. Turn into gas B. Turn into solid
B. Becomes denser D. Show no change in temperature

13. What is the molecular polarity of H2 and why?

A. It is polar because its charges are distributed
symmetrically, and its geometric shape is
symmetrical.
B. It is nonpolar because its charges are distributed
symmetrically, and its geometric shape is
 symmetrical.
C. It is polar because its charges are distributed
asymmetrically, and its geometric shape is
asymmetrical.
D. It is nonpolar because its charges are distributed
asymmetrically, and its geometric shape is
asymmetrical.

14. What is the molecular polarity of NCl3 and why?

A. It is polar because its charges are distributed
symmetrically, and its geometric shape is
symmetrical.
B. It is nonpolar because its charges are distributed
symmetrically, and its geometric shape is
symmetrical.
C. It is nonpolar because its charges are distributed
asymmetrically, and its geometric shape is
asymmetrical.
D. It is polar because its charges are distributed
asymmetrically, and its geometric shape is
asymmetrical.

15. What is the molecular polarity of CO2 and why?

A. It is polar because its charges are distributed
symmetrically, and its geometric shape is
symmetrical.
B. It is nonpolar because its charges are distributed
symmetrically. and its geometric shape is
symmetrical.
C. It is nonpolar because its charges are distributed
asymmetrically, and its geometric shape is
asymmetrical.
D. It is polar because its charges are distributed
asymmetrically, and its geometric shape is
asymmetrical.

3
LU_Physical Science_Module2
 POLA

RITY OF MOLECULES
Jumpstart
Activity 1. “Determine the Bond”

Direction: Determine if the bond between atoms in each example

below is nonpolar covalent, polar covalent, or ionic.

__________1. H2 __________6. MgO __________2. PCl

__________7. CH

__________3. F2 __________8. HCl

__________4. NaBr __________9. H2O __________5.

NF __________10. CO2

Discover
Polarity of Molecules

The way atoms bond with one another is referred to as

polarity. When atoms are chemically bond together, they share
electrons. When one of the atoms in a bond has a stronger
attractive force on the electrons in the link, it forms a polar
molecule. The electrons are pulled more towards that atom,
resulting in a small charge imbalance in the molecule.
The polarity of a bond is determined by a periodic concept
called electronegativity. Electronegativity is an expression of an
atom’s tendency to attract electrons in a chemical bond. To
determine the polarity of a bond, you must find the difference in
the electronegativities of the atoms involved. If the difference is
between 0.4 and 1.7, the bond will be polar. If the difference is
greater, the bond willhave an ionic trait.

4
LU_Physical Science_Module2
This means that the electrons will be taken from the less
electronegative element and spend all their time orbiting the more
electronegative element. If the difference in the electronegativities
is smaller than 0.4, the bond will be nonpolar covalent. This
means that the electrons will be shared equally between the atoms
and the bond will not have a polar character.
 Figure 1. Pauling Electronegativity Values
Type of Bond Electronegativity Difference
(∆EN)

Ionic ≥1.7

Polar Covalent 0.5 to 1.6

Nonpolar Covalent ≤ 0.4

Table 1. Type of bond based on electronegativity difference

(∆EN) of bonded atoms

For example, you are asked to determine what type of bond

present between the following pairs of atoms by determining their
electronegativity difference.
Ca and Cl
EN Ca = 1.0 (∆EN) = 1.0 – 3.0 = │-2.0│= 2.0 ionic bond
EN Cl = 3.0

Cl and Cl
EN Cl = 3.0(∆EN) = 3.0 – 3.0 = 0 nonpolar
covalent bond EN Cl = 3.0

H and Cl
EN H = 2.1 (∆EN) = 2.1 – 3.0 = │-0.9│= 0.9 polar covalent
bond EN Cl= 3.0
To explain the difference between polar and nonpolar covalent
bonds using the examples above. When two atoms share electrons
unequally, a

5
LU_Physical Science_Module2
polar covalent bond is produced. An electric dipole is formed by a
bonded pair of atoms. A molecule has one positive end and one
negative end, which is referred to as a dipole. The atom with the
higher EN value becomes the partial negative pole (symbolized as -)
and the atom with the lower EN value becomes the partially positive
(symbolized as +) pole in this sort of relationship. Always remember
that the arrow points from a more electropositive pole to a more
electronegative pole. For example, in HCl, H has a larger EN than Cl,
therefore the arrow points from H to Cl, and the electron density is
unequal as indicated by the size of the circle. A nonpolar covalent
bond, on the other hand, forms when both atoms share electrons
equally.
 When the bonding of atoms has almost equal EN values or the
ability to attract electrons to each side, this happens. When two
chlorine atoms come together, they form a nonpolar covalent
connection.
You've just learned how to calculate the electronegativity
difference between atoms to determine the type of bond polarity
(specifically two atoms). The next question is, what about molecules
with more than two atoms, such as H2O, CCl4, NH3, and CO2? The
total molecular polarity is determined by both the bond polarity and
the molecular shape in polyatomic compounds. The valence shell
electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory would aid us in determining
the spatial arrangement of atoms in a polyatomic molecule in terms
of molecular geometry.
The following steps can be used to determine a substance's
form or molecular geometry:
Step 1: Determine the molecule's central atom. The least
electronegative element is the center atom.
Step 2: For the molecule, draw the proper Lewis dot structure.
Step 3: Count the number of bonding pairs and non-bonding
(or lone pairs) electrons surrounding the center atom.
Step 4: Using the total number of electron pairs,
determine the electron pair orientation.
Step 5: Name the shape depending on the atoms'
positions.

Figure 2. Geometrical Shapes of Molecules

6
LU_Physical Science_Module2

Explore
Enrichment Activity. “Do I Make a Difference?”
Directions: Conduct the simple activity applying the concept you
learned previously.
Materials:
Electronegativity Worksheets, Periodic Table of Elements
Procedures:
 1. Using the Periodic Table below, calculate the electronegativity
difference of the given molecules and classify them.
NOTE:
• Nonpolar molecules have an electronegativity
difference of 0 – 0.5.
• Polar molecules have an electronegativity difference
of 0.6 – 2.0.
• If electronegativity difference is greater than 2.0, the
bond is ionic.
• There is a possibility that the electronegativity
difference is less than 0.05 and the molecule is
classified as polar due to its molecular shape.
2. Refer to the electronegativity values and bonding range given
below.

7
LU_Physical Science_Module2
MOLECULE ATOM 1 ATOM 2 (EN) TYPE OF MOLECULE
(NONPOLAR OR
POLAR)

1. CCl4 Carbon Chlorine

2. N2 Nitrogen Nitrogen

3. CH4 Carbon Hydrogen

4. H2O Hydrogen Oxygen

5. HF Hydrogen Fluorine

Enrichment Activity 2: “Complete Me”

Directions: Complete the table below using the concepts you learned previously.
Molecule ∆ Bond Molecul Polarity
 En polarity ar of
geometr molecule
y

1. PCl5

2. BeCl2

3. CH4

4. OF2

5. SF6

Deepen
Performance Task: Molecule out of Clay

Directions: Make sure to follow the procedure and prepare the following
materials.

Materials:
Clay (of 2 colors) 2 sticks of about 3 inches in length
Permanent marker

Procedure:
1. Use one colored clay for Hydrogen and the other for Oxygen. For
Hydrogen, make a bigger ball and mark it with a permanent
marker with H. For Oxygen, make 2 smaller balls and mark
them with O.

2. Use the sticks to connect the clays as referenced by the image

provided by theteacher. It should look like an inverted V.

8
LU_Physical Science_Module2
3. Using your new individual models, take a picture of it and send
it to the teacher’s email address.

4. Complete the table below.

Molecule ∆ Bond Molecul Polarity
En polarity ar of
geometr molecule
y

1. H2O
 CRITERIA EXCELLENT (5) GOOD (4) FAIR (3) POOR (2)

Neatness Sculpting is Sculpting Sculpting Sculpting

neatly done, has a few has several is
smooth, and uneven, uneven, uneven,
even messy, and messy, and messy, and
rough areas. rough areas. rough.

Effort/ Exceptional Good Some Little

Rough effort. Used a effort; effort; foil effort; did
model detailed foil used a model not
model to completed looks complete a
complete the foil model incomplete foil model
sculpture. to or did not of the
complete follow symbol
the guidelines. chosen for
sculpture. the sculpture.

Finished Added initials Added Only put Did not

sculpture and year to initials and initials on add
bottom of the year to the bottom initials
sculpture and the bottom of and
filled out rubric. of sculpture, year to the
Effectively wrote sculpture, only filled bottom of
a caption about completed out the these
the sculpture. the rubric, rubric, or sculpture,
and only wrote fill out
included a the caption. rubric or
caption for did not
the sculpture. write a
caption.

9
LU_Physical Science_Module2

POLARITY OF MOLECULES
AND ITS PROPERTIES

Jumpstart
Activity 1. KANTAnalyze

Direction: Analyze the lyrics of the song “Tubig at Langis” and

 answer the questions below.

TUBIG AT LANGIS
Sharon Cuneta

Tubig at langis, ang katayuan nati'y yan ang kawangis

Pilitin mang magsam'y may mahahapis
Ganyang-ganyan tayong dalawa
Ang panuntunan'y magkaiba
Langis at tubig, 'di mapagsama ng tunay mang pag-ibig
Hinanakit ang s'yang laging mananaig
Mahal na mahal man kita
May mahal ka namang iba
Tubig at langis
Idarang man sa init, 'di rin tatamis
Dahil ang halo'y luha't paghihinagpis
Ang kirot ay di maalis kung labis
Bakit nanaig ang dusa sa ligaya sa 'ting daigdig?
May dasal ba akong hindi N'ya narinig?
Papel natin sa pag-ibig
Ako'y langis, ika'y tubig
Tubig at langis
Idarang man sa init, 'di rin tatamis
Dahil ang halo'y luha't paghihinagpis
Ang kirot ay di maalis kung labis
Bakit nanaig ang dusa sa ligaya sa 'ting daigdig?
May dasal ba akong hindi N'ya narinig?
Papel natin sa pag-ibig
Ako'y langis, ika'y tubig
Ako'y langis, ika'y tubig
Ako'y langis, ika'y tubig

10
LU_Physical Science_Module2
Guide Questions:

1. What is the message of the song?

_______________________________________________________
_______
_______________________________________________________
_______
_______________________________________________________
_______

2. If you add oil to the water, what will happen? Will it

create a single homogenousphase, or will it form two layers?
Why?
___________________________________________________________
___
___________________________________________________________
___
___________________________________________________________
___

3. Why do you think water and oil cannot be mixed even

when heated? Supportyour answer.
_______________________________________________________
 _______
_______________________________________________________
_______
_______________________________________________________
_______

Discover
Water Molecule

At standard temperature and pressure, water is a chemical

compound and polar molecule that is liquid. Water has the chemical
formula H2O, which means that each molecule contains two
hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
The polar polarity of the water molecule is an important
property. With hydrogen atoms at the tips and oxygen at the vertex,
the water molecule creates an angle. The side of the molecule with
the oxygen atom has a partial negative charge because oxygen has a
higher electronegativity than hydrogen.

The capacity of a certain material, the solute, to dissolve in a

solvent is referred to as SOLUBILITY. It can be indefinitely soluble,
like sugar in water, or poorly soluble, like silver chloride in water.
INSOLUBILITY is a term used to describe chemicals that are poorly
soluble. Solubility is a term that is frequently used in the context of
solid solutes and liquid solvents.

11
LU_Physical Science_Module2
For covalent substances, the dissolving process, known as
DISSOLUTION, is quite simple (polar & non-polar substances).
The polarity of the molecules has a significant impact on water
solubility. Because polar molecules have both positive and negative
parts, they will interact with other molecules according to the
electrostatic attraction/repulsion law. When making a solution of
water (polar molecule) and salt (ionic substance with + and -
ions), for example, the molecules and ions will interact.

Polar charges of the

water molecule
Sodium Ion
 Chlorine Ion Ion Chlorine

Charge of sodium and chlorine

molecules

Opposite charges of water and salt

ions are attracted to each other

In the same way that negative Chlorine ions are attracted to

the partially positive section of water, the sodium ion will be attracted
to the partially negative region of the molecule (Oxygen).

Because of this attraction the positive ions (sodium) will be

surrounded by the partially negative oxygen dipole in water. On the
other hand, negative ions (chlorine) will be surrounded by the
partially positive hydrogen dipole in water.

To achieve solubility, the substances must have the same

polarity, as defined by the principle "LIKE DISSOLVES LIKE." As a
result, polar chemicals dissolve in polar solvents, while nonpolar
substances dissolve in nonpolar solvents. As a result, polar
chemicals dissolve in polar solvents, while non-polar substances
dissolve in non-polar solvents. This is due to the structural and ion
distribution similarities in the molecules.

You can predict whether molecules will mix to produce a

chemical solution if you know their polarity. Knowing which
compounds are either polar or nonpolar is useful since you can use
them to dissolve a chemical into another.

When it comes to chemistry, this concept of producing a layer

can be used to distinguish between miscible and immiscible liquids.
When two liquids are immiscible, a water curve termed a MENISCUS
will form. As a result, there will be

12
LU_Physical Science_Module2
no meniscus in miscible liquids. This diagram illustrates the
difference by emphasizing the presence (or lack) of a meniscus.
 When you hear the word "miscible," think of the term
"homogeneous." A homogenous solution only contains one phase. In
other terms, a homogeneous solution is a uniform composition of two
(or more) liquids that have been mixed.
Consider the word homogeneous to be a way of defining
miscibility. There is another approach to qualitatively examine
whether your solution is miscible without going through observing
the meniscuses of the solution not in a chemical laboratory when
recognizing the meniscus in a solution. Simply keep an eye on the
liquids as they are mixed. If the liquids separate from one another
after mixing, you can be confident that the solution is miscible
When two liquids can be miscible now has a fantastic chemical
explanation. The polarity of a liquid is the subject of this explanation.
Nonpolar or polar substances are both nonpolar and polar liquid
solutions. If the polarity of two liquids is comparable, they will
produce a homogeneous solution that is miscible. Let's imagine you
have two liquids that are both considered polar. Because they are
both polar, they will mix and merge to produce a single solution.

When both liquid molecules are polar, they will attract each
other, resulting in mixing (miscibility).
When a molecular liquid is nonpolar, water molecules only
attract one another and ignore the nonpolar liquid. As a result, the
two liquids are incompatible.
In the case of liquids, we find that both polar liquids are
miscible, polar and nonpolar liquids are immiscible, and both
nonpolar liquids are, by extension, miscible. As a result of this
observation, the phrase "like dissolves like" is frequently used.

Nonpolar “tails” adhere to dirt on the skin. Polar groups are

soluble in water and help lift the dirt away from the skin.
Physical Properties of Covalent Compounds

Let us define the physical properties of substances:

A. Boiling point: temperature at which the vapor

pressure and atmosphericpressure of a liquid substance
are equal.
B. Melting point: temperature at which solid becomes
liquid. At this point, the solid and liquid phases exist
in equilibrium.

13
LU_Physical Science_Module2
C. Surface tension: energy needed to increase the
surface area by a unit amount;
D.Viscosity: the resistance of the liquid to flow
E. Vapor pressure: pressure exerted by a substance in
 its gaseous state.
F. Volatility: measures the rate at which a substance
vaporizes (changes fromliquid to gas)

In the most basic sense, the strength of intermolecular

interactions increases the boiling point, melting point, viscosity, and
surface tension. Vapor pressure and volatility, on the other hand,
decrease when IMFA strength increases. As a substance's molecular
mass grows, so do its London dispersion forces. In contrast to H-
bonding, the boiling temperature, melting point, viscosity, and
surface tension decreases as the molar mass increases.

Explore
Enrichment Activity 1: “Mix it Up!”

Direction: Identify whether the pair of substances are soluble,

insoluble, miscible, or immiscible.

1. Oil and Water

2. Ethyl Alcohol and Water
3. Vinegar and Soy Sauce
4. Zonrox and Water
5. Oil and Rubbing Alcohol
6. Efficascent Oil and Water
7. Fabric conditioner and Water
8. Powdered juice and Water
9. Shredded Candle Wax and Water
10.Water and Coffee Powder

Enrichment Activity 2: “High or Low?”

Direction: Arrange the following molecules according to highest to

lowest boiling point and melting point and identify their polarity.

Ammonia (NH3) BP: -33.3 MP: -77.7

Ethane (C2H6) BP: -89 MP: -182.8 Methanol
(CH3OH) BP: 64.7 MP: -97.6
Methane (CH4) BP: -161.5 MP: -182
Water (H2O) BP: 100 MP: 0.0
Butane (C4H10) BP: -1.0 MP: -140

14
LU_Physical Science_Module2

Deepen
Performance Task: Effect of Polarity to Solubility and Miscibility
 Objectives:
At the end of the activity, the students will be able to:
a. identify the polarity of substances,
b. determine the substances either miscible or
immiscible, and c. understand how the polarity of
molecules affect its miscibility.
Materials Needed:
6 transparent cups Baby oil Vinegar
Water Spoon/Stirrer Soy Sauce Marker Sugar
Bleach
Black Pepper Powder Rubbing Alcohol Periodic

Table Procedures:

1. Label the plastic cups using a marker. Write RUBBING

ALCOHOL, VINEGAR, SOY SAUCE, OIL, SUGAR, PEPPER
and BLEACH.
2. Pour 200ml of water or half the size of the cup.
3. Add 1 tablespoon of the 6 solutes in its
designated cup. 4. Stir the solutions for 30
seconds.
5. Observe what happens to the solute when mixed in water.

Questions to Answer:
1. What happen to the solution if you mix them together?
__________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________

2. Can you describe the solutions that are being mix?

__________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________

15
LU_Physical Science_Module2
_______________________________________________________________________
 _________________________________________

In previous lesson, you have learned how to identify the

polarity of molecules. Using that concept, complete the table below.
Refer to the chemical formula given.
SUBSTANCES CHEMICAL FORMULA

Water H2O

Vinegar CH3COOH

Rubbing alcohol C3H8O

Bleach NaClO

Oil C16H32O2

Sugar C12H22O11

Black Pepper C17H19NO3

(Note: For miscible or immiscible, both solutions are liquids. F or

soluble or insoluble solution, one should be liquid, and the other is
solid.)
Substance Polar or Substanc Polar or Soluble Miscible
A Non- eB Non- or or
Polar Polar Insolubl Immiscibl
e e

1. Water Oil

2. Vinegar Soy Sauce

3. Oil Alcohol

4. Water Bleach

5. Bleach Vinegar

6. Sugar Water

7. Water Black
Pepper
Powder

Conclusion/s:
____________________________________________________________________
______________
____________________________________________________________________
______________
____________________________________________________________________
______________
____________________________________________________________________
______________
 Gauge
Direction: Read each item carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer.

1. What is the molecular shape of CHBr3?

A. Linear B. Tetrahedral
C. Trigonal planar D. Trigonal bipyramidal

16
LU_Physical Science_Module2
2. A nonpolar covalent bond would form in which of the following
pairs of atoms?
A. Ca-O B. C-S C. Na-Cl D. P-N

3. From the given Lewis structure of NH3, how

many nonbonding pair/s of electronare around
the central atom?
A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D.3

4. Which of these is a polar molecule?

A. AgCl B. CH4
C. CCl4 D. NH3

5. Which of the following is NOT an example of viscous

substances? A. Blood B. Honey
C. Vinegar D. Syrup

6. Which of the following is a polar molecule?

A. CO2 (linear) B. BeCl2 (linear)
C. CH4 (tetrahedral) D. H2O (bent-shaped)

7. Which of the following is a nonpolar molecule?

A. CCl4 (tetrahedral) B. SO2 (bent-shaped)
C. H2O (bent-shaped) D. NH3 (trigonal planar)

8. Which of the following is TRUE of polar

molecules? I. Low surface tension
II. High vapor pressure
III. Have high boiling point
IV. Have high melting point
A. I only B. IV only
C. I and II only D. I and IV only

9. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? A. Polar

covalent bonds can be present in a nonpolar molecule.
B. Polar bond forms when electrons are unequally
shared by two atoms in acompound.
C. Polarity of bond and molecular geometry are the two
factors that affect thepolarity of molecules.
D. Polar covalent bond is present if the electronegativity
difference betweenatoms is equal or less than 0.4.

10. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about CO2?

A. Is a polar molecule
B. Polar bond is present
C. Has a linear molecular shape
 D. Has an electronegativity difference of 1.0

11.Oil and water don’t mix despite constant stirring. The oil
floats and makes a layer above the water when mixed
together.” What process explains this phenomenon?
A. Immiscibility B. Miscibility
C. Polarity D. Solubility

17
LU_Physical Science_Module2
12.A beaker with 500 ml of water (room temperature) is placed in a
hot plate. If the temperature continues to increase, the water in
the beaker will most likely .
A. Turn into gas
B. Turn into solid
C. Becomes denser
D. Chow no change in temperature

13. Which of the following scenarios DO NOT demonstrates

melting point?
A. Liquid precipitation
B. A liquid changing into solid
C. Temperature reaching to 0OC
D. Temperature reaching to 100OC

14. Oxygen gas (O2), a very important gas for humans, is a

nonpolar molecule. Which of the following statements
support this? A. It has positive and negative ends.
B. It contains only a nonpolar bond.
C. It does not have a symmetrical shape.
D. The dipole moments do not cancel out.

15. Why hydrogen chloride is considered a polar

molecule? A. Because it has positive ends.
B. Because the net dipole moment of the molecule is
zero. C. Because it is linear, and the dipole moments
cancel out. D. Because the bond between hydrogen
and chlorine is polar.