Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 115

 

"!$#%'&)(# +*-, $
. # ,0/&1%2*-3+4 65
7 ,0%0, 7 %'0&8%0,04 ,": 9<=;,  ";,  />*?=#@,0%

CA BEDFDHGJIHKMLOPRN LTQ SULRVWIFGJDHGJX?KYLTZ[L P S]\^S_IHGJ`-abB:DHBEKFS


VbLRI P BcLRdL_ e S]fWKFGJXgPTN LRQ ShZbS_i]IMLRajZbGk GlDHKMIHG
Gl\ mnBpGJo X P BcLRDlqVrGJd:S)sIHS]i]IFLR\LZbGtsS]u Dwv
x IMLTZba[LOPTN LRQ S_GJ\ k0Gyu KMSzZbS]D6{|aW\}Glu IFB P S]D2GJ\
~XbiRGJXb€[LTIFBcLqƒ‚zGlKMSRI8ZbG_mnBpGJo X P BcLRD8~g„bL KYLRDlq
†‡XbBEˆRGJIHDFB:ZbLRZbG‰ŠGlZbGJIFLRd‹ZbS^sgLTIMLRXŒLu 
Ž IHB:GJX?KMLRZbS]IHGJDJ
sIHSR‘LWACIML’~dEB:“”LTfOGyKM€•+Gli]XbGlI|–—LRIFLRD
sIHSRw˜k@‚ P  ™|ZbGJ\B:In™šdEˆRGJD|›‡BEfOGlB:IHS

m†|›‡œžŸœwn™
¡R¢]¢?£
Livros Grátis
http://www.livrosgratis.com.br
Milhares de livros grátis para download.


B:B


    !"   $#&%!'(*)


+ &,- !*./0 ! 1(20 &3 + 45311( 
mn€[LRIHd:GlDšk B:Xbi]aWD

BEB:B


™|S]DŒ\^GlabDŒV[LRB:DŸG
L KMSzZbS]DŒS]DŸ\GJaWD‡\GJD KMIHGJDJq
`-abG LRS>d:SRXbi]S>ZbG—\^BEXb€[LˆzB:ZbL
\G0\^S]D KMIFLRIMLR\ S ˆTLRd:SRI Z[L
GlZba P LrPRN LRQ Sb


  

k GJaWD|DHB:X P GJIFSRD|LTi]IMLRZWG P BE\^GlX?KMS]Dl


™šS]D|VbIFST GJDFDHS]IFGlDC~d:BE“”LRfrGlKF€ • GJiRXbGJIš– LTIMLRD‡G™|ZbGJ\B:IŒ™|dEˆ]GlDC›ŒB:frGJBEIFSbq[VrGJd:LS]IHB v
GJX?KYLOPTN LRQ SbqZbB:DHVOS]XWB:fbBEd:B:ZbLRZbG‡LRS GlD P d:LRIFG P BE\^GlX-KFS ZbGšKFSZ[LTDŸLRDZšWua ˆzBEZ[LRDJqzDFaWi]GJD K S]Q GlDŒ GlBEKMLRDnZbazv
IMLRX?KMG^L GlD P IFBEKML GIFGyˆBED LRQ  S [X[LRdZbGlDHKFG^KMIFLRf[LRdE€bSbqfOGl\ P S]\S LRS@LRVrS]BESbqL e V[L P BpGlo X P B:LWqgLTS
B:X P GJX?KMB ˆ]Sbq L e P SRX ŠLRXgP N LWqgL e ZbGJZWB P LrPRN LRQ SGLe LT\^BE“”LRZbGšZbGJ\S]XbD KMIMLTZbS]DJ
™še D VbIHSR GJDHDFS]IFLRD‚WLRXbZWIMLŸ™šabiRabDHKMLš‚WLTX-KFS]DG˜kLRIHd:B-mLTIFZbB:LWq VOGldcLdEGJBEKFabIML P abBEZ[LRZbS]DFL
Z[LŸZbB:DHDFGJI KYLOPTN LRQ Sbq V[LRI KMB P B:VbLOPRN LRQ SnX[LŸf[LRX P LŒG „WLR\^BEX[LRZbSRIMLnGDHabi]GJD K S]Q GlDgLTD`zabLRB:DGlXbIFBE`zaWG P GlIMLR\
XbS]DFDFLVWIFS]VrS]DHKMLW
™šS P S]d:Gli?LŸ•0B:dE IHGJZbS‡S]\LTDFGJdEd:B q VrS]I P S]\V[LRI KMBEd:€[LRIDHGJabD P S]Xb€WG P BE\^GlX?KMS]D ZbabIMLTX-KFG
XbS]DFDHS]DGJD KMabZWS]DDFGl\LRXbLRB:D V[LRIML L|VbIFGlV[LRIMLrPRN LRQ S ZbGŸDHGJ\B:XŒLTu IFB:SRDJq VOGldcLCL HaWZ[LCX[LCGy„G P agPTN LRQ SZWG
VbIFS]iRIMLR\^LRD P S]\VbaWKML P BES]X[LRBEDG X[LšGldcLRfrS]IMLrPRN LRQ S‡ZbGLTVbIFGlDFGJX?KMLOPRN S]Q GlDV[LRIFLšGlˆRGJX?KMS]D P B:GlX-K” u  P S]DJ
™h e †|XbB ˆ]GJIHDFBEZ[LRZbG^‰[GJZbGlIMLRdZbS sgLRIFLRXŒL u GRqGJ\tV[LTIHKMB P abd:LRIJq LTS VbIHS]i]IFLR\LZWGsS]u Dwv
x IFLRZba[LOPTN LRQ S GJ\ k0Glu KFSZWS]DŒ{|ab\ GJu IHB P S]DGJ\U~Xbi]GJXW€[LRIFB:LWqbVrGJd:L S]VOSRIHKMaWXbB:Z[LTZbGš`-abG—\G P S]Xzv
P GJZWGJIMLT\ V[LRIFLV[LRI KMB P B:VbLRI|ZWS\^GlDHKFIMLRZbSWq‹VOGldcLZbB:DHVOS]XWB:fbBEd:B:ZbLRZbG—ZbSdES P LRd ZWG GJD KMabZbS G ZWG
DFa[LRDŒBEXbDHKMLRdcLOPTN S]Q GJDl™šS [X[LRX P BcLT\^GlX-KFS P S]X P GJZbBEZbS^VbLRIML V[LRI KMB P B:VbLRIZbS !"CœFœm{Ck ™‡m6v
mnS]Xbi]IHGJDFDHS>{šL P B:S]XbLRdŠZbG—kLTKFGJ\ƒLTu KMB P L—™šVbdEB P LRZ[LGCmnS]\VbaWKYL P B:SRX[LRdbvIHG”LRdEB:“”LTZbSGl\UsS]IHKFS
™šd:Gli]IFG vn›š‚rqOGl\ DHGlKFGJ\ fbIHSZbG ¡R¢]$¢ # qrSRXbZbG LTVbIFGlDFGJX?KFGJBgSKMIFLRf[LRdE€b& S %FmnS]X?ˆ]GJIHibGJo X P BcL^d:S P LRd
ZbSLRd:i]SRIFBEKF\^SZbGmLRa P (€ ' V[LRIFL>STKMB:\B:“JLOPRN LTQ S B:IHIFGJD KMIHBEKY*L )b
™šSm{šs`VrGJdES^LTVOS]BE+S [X[LRX P GJBEIFS>G—B:X P GJX?KMB ˆ]SZ[LRZbS@L>e VOGlDF`-abBEDMLW
™šS]D—\GJabD VbLRB:D G>LKMSzZ[L\B:Xb€bL‘LR\ u d:B:LWqŠVOGldcL P S]\VbIHGJGJXWD LRQ S G>V[L P BpGJo X P BcLq‹`-abG
VOGlIF\BEKMBEIMLR\hL GJD KYLRfWB:d:BEZ[LRZbGšXbG P GJDFDbLRu IFB:LLRS>dES]Xbi]S ZbGlDHKFGVrGJIJ u SzZbSb

ˆ
% 
Ž S]f HGlKMB ˆ]S ZbGJD KMGKMIFLRf[LRdE€bS=Gu IFGlabXbB:I SRDIHGJDHabdEKMLRZbS]Dlq bL<u VbIHS ˆTLRZWS]DJq˜DFS]fWIFG P S]Xzv
ˆ]GJIHibGJo X P BcL@ZWS]D VbIHB:X P B:V[LRBED LRd:i]SRIFBEKF\^SRD VbLRIMLVWIFS]i]IFLR\^LOPRN LRQ S X LRQ S<dEB:XbGJLRIJ sgLTIMLKYLTX-KFSbqg‘L v
“JGJ\S]DlqBEXbB P BcLRdE\^GlX-KFGRq|ab\LZbB:D P abDHD LRQ S2DHS]fbIFG ZbBE GlIFGlX-KFGJD@ZWG [XbB PRN S]Q GlD@ZbG+KML „WLRD@ZbG P S]Xzv
ˆ]GJIHibGJo X P BcLq P S]\V[LRIFLRXbZbS vwLRD|GJX?KMIHG DFBp—~D KYLRfrGJdEG P Gl\^SRD LRd:iRab\LTD|BE\^VbdEB P LOPRN S]Q GlD|GlX?KMIFG GlDHKMLRD
ZbG [XWBHPRN SRQ GJDG Gy„B:fbBE\^SRDLRdEi]abXbD^Gy„GJ\VbdES]DJqŒGJd:LRfrS]IMLRZWS]D^GlDFVrG P B  P LR\^GlX?KMG@V[LTIML+GlDHKMG [\ q
V[LRIML \S]DHKFIMLRIŸ`-abG—S]aKMIMLTD‡BE\^VWd:B P LOPRN SRQ GJDnX LRQ S>D LRQ S>ˆnLRu d:BEZ[LRDJ
~\ DFGli]abB:ZbLWq ZbB:D P aWKFB:\S]D \}Gyu KMSzZbS]D V[LTIML IFGJDHS]dEˆRGJI—ab\ VWIFS]fbdEGJ\^LB:IFIHGJD KMIFB KMSbq S]a
DFG FLq[\}Gyu KMSzZbS]DŸV[LRIFLIHGJDHS]dEˆRGJIŒS^VWIFS]fbdEGJ\^L ZbG—\^BEXbB:\B:“JLRI˜ab\L  abX PRN LRQ SZbBE GlIFGlX P B”LTu ˆ]GldDFGJ\
IFGJD KMIHBHPRN SRQ GJDJn†|\^L i]IMLRXWZbG P dcLTDFDFG ZbGlDFDFGlDCLRdEi]S]IHBEKM\S]D B:XbB P BcL P S]\ ab\ VrS]X?KMSZ[LRZWS^G ZbGlKFGJIwv
\^BEX[Lab\^L ZWB:IFGzPRN LRQ S LRS d:SRXbi]SZ[L `-a[LRd G>u VOS]DHD” u ˆ]GJdZbBE\^BEX-abB:I|S ˆTLRdES]I Z[L abXgPTN LRQ Sbq G>XbGJD KYL
ZbB:IHGPRN LTQ S P LRd P abdcL ab\ P SR\^VbIHB:\GJX?KMS ZbS V[LRDHDFS `-abG VOGlIF\BEKMG ab\^L IFGJZWagPRN LRQ S IMLR“lSLTu ˆRGJd‡ZbS
ˆRLTd:S]IZbL  aWXgPRN LRQ SW
†|\\}Gyu KMSzZbS P d”LRu DFDHB P S ZbG \B:XWB:\B:“”LrPRN LRQ SB:IHIFGJD KMIHBEKYLG u S \}Glu KFSZbSZWGmLRa P (€ ']q`-abG
P S]IHIFGJDHVOSRXbZbG>LGlD P SRd:€bGlI LZbB:IHGPTN LRQ SS]VrS]DHKMLLRSi]IFLRZbBEGJX?KMGZ[L abXgPTN LRQ SXbSVrS]X?KMS P S]IFIHGJX?KMGT
sgLRIFL^S P LRDFS^GJ\ `-abGL abXgPTN LRQ S G u `-a[LRZbIbLTu KMB P LWq P S]X?ˆ]Gy„WLGS P LRu d P abd:SZbS P S]\VbIFBE\^GlX-KFS>ZbS
V[LRDFDHSG u  GJB KMSVOS]I‡fbabD P Ld:B:XWG”LRIŒGy„WLTKMLWqŠ\^SRDHKMIFLR\S]DŒab\ IFGlDFabd KYLRZbSS]IHB:i]BEX[LRdpLDFGl`za‹GJo X P BcL
i]GJIFLRZ[LVrGJdES LRdEi]S]IFB KM\S—ZbG—mLRa P (€ ' P S]X?ˆ]GlIFi]G P S]\hˆRGJdES P B:Z[LRZWG %  ,  qXbLXbS]IH\L GJa P d:B v
ZbBcLRXbLWq V[LTIMLS"bua XbB P S^\^BEXbB:\B:“JLRZbS]IŸZ[L aWXgPRN LRQ SGGy„B:fbBE\^SRDCLKYL „bLZWG P S]X?ˆRGJIFibGJo X P BcL`-abG
ZbGJVrGJXbZWGZWSXCbua \^GlIFSZbG P S]XbZbB P BES]X[LR\GJX?KMSZ[L\L KMIFBE“€bGlDFDHBcLRX[LZ[L`-a[LRZWI[LTu KFB P L Ž `-abG
KMGJ\S]DXbL d:BEKFGJIFLTKMabIFL G u L P S]X?ˆ]GJIHibGJo X P BcL %  ,  X[L XbS]IH\L BEXbZbab“lB:Z[LVOGldcL €bGlDFDFB:LRX[LWqW\LRD
LRVOGlDMLRInZ[LRDŸXbS]IH\LTDnGJ\ DFGlIFGJ\UGJ`-abBEˆTLRdEGJX?KMGlDJq[LˆRGJdES P B:Z[LRZWGCZbG P SRX-ˆRGJIHi[GJo X P BcL %  , 
ZbGJVrGJXbZWGZ[L XbSRIF\^LW
Ž aWKMIHS+\}Glu KMSzZbS V[LRIFL \B:XbBE\^BE“”LOPTN LRQ S@B:IHIFGlDHKMIHBEKML"G u S \ Glu KFSZWS ZbG IFGli]B LRQ S ZbG P S]Xzv
ŠLRXgP N LWU™|VbIFGlDFGJX?KMLR\^SRD XbGlDHKFG KFIMLRf[LTd:€bS}ab\^L ZWGJ\S]XbDHKFIMLOPTN LRQ S Z[L P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:Li]dES]f[LRd
ZbGJD KMG \}Gyu KMSzZbSb
Ž VWIFS]fbdEGJ\^L i]GlIMLRd ZbGVbIHS]i]IFLR\LrPRN LRQ S X LRQ S<d:BEXbG”LTI P S]XbDFBEDHKFGGJ\’\^BEXbB:\B:“JLRI ab\^L
 abXgPRN LTQ S+DFa HGJBEKML+L IFGJD KMIHBHPRN SRQ GJDJqŸdEB:XbGJLRIFGlD^SRaƒX LRQ SWqZbGBEi]a[LRdEZ[LRZbG S]aZbGJDHB:i]abLRd:Z[LTZbGR2™|`zaWB
LRVbIFGlDFGlX-KMLR\S]D|\ Glu KFSZWS]DŒV[LRIML>IFGlDFS]d ˆ]GlI|SVbIFSRfbd:Gl\L P S]\ IFGlDHKMIHBHPTN S]Q GJD‡ZbG B:i]a[LTd:Z[LRZWGR k S]Dwv
KMIMLT\^S]D|`-abGRq‹DHS]f P GlIHKYLTD P S]XWZbBHPTN S]Q GJDlqS\}Gyu KMSzZbSZbGVbIFS]iRIMLR\^LOPRN LTQ S`-a[LRZbIbLTu KMB P LDHGJ`-abGJX P BcLTd
KMGJ\ P S]X?ˆ]GJIHibGJo X P BcL d:S P LRd`-a[LRZWI[LTu KFB P L™šVbIHGJDFGlX?KYLR\S]DKMLR\ f Glu \tab\LRd:i]SRIFBEKF\^SZbG [d KMIHS
i]d:S]fbLRd:\GJX?KMG P S]X?ˆRGJIFiRGJX?KMGT

ˆzB
,  
Ÿ €bG VbabIHVOSRDFG SRKF€bB:D S]I BEDšKMSDHab\\LRIHB:“lGDFSR\^G IHGJDHabdEKFD LRfrS]aWK P S]X?ˆ]GlIFi]GlX P G
SR|KF€bG \LRBEX}LRd:iRS]IFB KM€b\D abDHGJZ SRI XbS]XbdEB:XbGJLRI VbIFSRi]IMLR\\B:Xbib •+G DHKMLRIHKf('}ZbB:D P abDHDFBEXbi
ZbBOGJIHGJX?K>ZbG bXbBEKFB:S]XbDSRŒKM€bG P S]X?ˆ]GJIHi]GJX P GIFLTKMGT • GGJD KYLRfbdEB:DH€ DFS]\GB:\Vbd:B P LTKFB:S]XWDLTXbZ
DF€bS 8KF€[LTK‡SRKF€bGJIHD|LTIFG—XbSRKŸˆTLRdEB:Z‹qabDFBEXbi  S]IKM€bBEDŒLRB:\ Gy„WLR\Vbd:GlDŒVbabIFVrS]DHGJd 'ZbGlˆzB:DHGJZ‹
•+G KM€bGlX"ZbB:D P abDHD<DFS]\G+\GlKF€bSzZbD KFS'DFS]d ˆ]G+LRX"abX P S]XbD KMIMLTB:XbGlZ=VbIFS]fWd:GJ\ q Bp GRq
\^GyKM€bSzZbD KMS \^BEXbB:\B:“lGL ZbB  GlIFGJX?KFBcLRfbdEG abX P KMB:SR X ŒB KM€bS]aK P S]XbD KMIFLRB:X?KMDlƒ™jdcLTIFi]G P dcLRDHD
SRLRd:iRS]IFB KM€b\D ZWGlˆ]Gld:S]VrGJZKFS DFS]d ˆ]GšKF€bGJDHG VbIFS]fWd:GJ\DabDHa[LRdEd 'B:XbB KMB:LTKMGlD ŒB KM€ L i]B ˆ]GJXVrS]BEX-K
LRXbZ ZbGlKFGJIF\B:XWGJD‡LZWB:IFG P KFB:S]X LRXWZL>DHKFGJVdEGJXbiR€-K‡BEX KF€bB:DŸZWB:IFG P KFB:S]X B:X S]IHZbGJIŸKFS^VbIHS ˆBEZbG L
IFG”LTDFS]X[LTfbd:G IHGJZba P KMBES]X ST KF€bG ˆRLTd:abG SRKM€WG SRf HG P KMBEˆRG  aWX P KFB:S]X‹
™ P dcLRDHDFB P LRd\GlKF€bSZ SRaWX P S]XWDHKMIFLRB:XWGJZ \B:XbBE\^BE“”LTKFB:S]X B:D KM€WGmLRa P (€ ' \^GyKM€bSzZ‹q
B: X Œ€bB P € KM€bG ZbBEIFG P KMBES]X S]VbVrS]DFB KMGCKMS>KM€WGi]IFLRZbBEGJX?K‡SRgKF€bG  abX P KFB:S]X LTKŒKM€WG P abIFIHGJX?KšVrS]BEX-K
B:D P €bS]DHGJX‹Œ‰[S]IKF€bG P LRDFG Œ€bGJIHGKF€bG  aWX P KFB:S]X B:DŒ`-a[LRZbIFLTKMB P q P S]X?ˆ]Gy„@LRXbZ KM€WG P LRd P abdcLTKFB:S]X
SRšKF€bG d:GJXWi]€?KSR|KM€bG D KMGJVƒB:D>\LTZbG f ' L PJP aWIMLTKFG dEB:XbGJLRI DFGJLRI P €‹q nG DF€bS jLRX S]IHB:i]BEX[LRd
IFGJDHabdEKJgKM€WG DFGJ`-abGlX P G—i]GlXbGJIFLTKMGlZ f 'KM€WG mLRa P (€ 'LRdEi]S]IHBEKM€W\ P S]X?ˆ]GlIFi]GlD %  ,   qWBEXKM€WG
~a P d:BEZbG”LTX XbSRIF\ q KFS KF€bG>abXbBE`zaWG^\B:XbBE\^BE“JGlIšSR KM€bG> abX P KMB:SRX‹• G>DF€bS —q B:X KM€[LTK P LRDFGTq
KM€[LTKšKM€bG P S]X?ˆ]GlIFi]GlX P GIMLTKFGZbGlVOGlXbZbD—S]X@KF€bG P SRXbZbBEKFB:S]XXzaW\ fOGlICSRKM€WG |GlDFDFB:LRX \L KMIFB „
SRKM€bG `-a[LTZbIMLTKFB P  abX P KFB:S]X œžXKM€bGCdEBEKFGJIML KMabIHG GC€[L”ˆ]G KM€WG  v d:BEXbG”LRI P SRX-ˆRGJIHi]GJX P G  S]InKM€WG
€bGJDHDFBcLTXvžBEXbZba P GJZ XbSRIF\  ACGJDFVWBEKMG>KM€WG‘L P KKF€[LTK K nS@XWS]IF\DBEX +LRIFG^GJ`-abB ˆRLTd:GJX?KJq KM€WG
 v d:B:XWG”LRI P S]X?ˆ]GlIFi]GlX P GB:DŒL>XbS]IH\>v ZbGJVrGJXbZWGJX?K‡VbIFS]VrGJI K ']
™šXbSTKM€bGlIg\GlKM€WSZ  S]I aWX P S]XWDHKMIFLRB:XWGJZ \B:XbBE\^BE“”LTKFB:S]XšB:D KM€bG˜KMIFaWDHKHv IFGli]B:S]X\^GyKM€bSzZ‹q
 S]I Œ€bB P ! € GVbIHGJDHGJX?KCL VbIHSSTgSR i]dES]f[LRd P S]X?ˆ]GlIFi]GlX P GT
Ÿ€bGi]GJXbGlIMLRdVbIHS]fbdEGJ\ SRnXbS]XbdEB:XbGJLRI VbIHS]i]IMLT\^\B:Xbi P S]XbDHB:DHKFDBEX \^BEXbB:\B:“lB:XbiLRX
S]f HG P KMB ˆ]G> abX P KFB:S]X DFaWf HG P K KMS GJ`-a[LRdEBEK ' LTXbZ+BEXbGJ`-a[LRdEBEK ' P S]XbD KMIFLRB:X?KMDlœžX KF€bB:"D S]#I $ G
VbIFGlDFGJX?K DFSR\^G \GlKF€bSzZbDšKMSDFS]d ˆ]G VbIHS]fbd:Gl\^%D ŒBEKF€<GJ`-a[LRdEBEK ' P S]XbD KMIFLRB:X?KMDl •+G DH€bS KF€[LTK”q
abXbZbGlI P GJI KYLRBEX P S]XbZbB KMBES]XbDJqTKM€bGŒ\GlKM€WSZ>SRODFGl`zaWGJX?KMB:LRd[`-a[LRZbIFLTKMB P VbIFS]iRIMLR\\^BEXbiC€[LTDd:S P LRd
`zabLRZbIML KMB P P S]X?ˆ]GlIFi]GlX P GT • GLTd:DFS>VbIHGJDHGJX?KCL i]dES]f[LRdEd ' P SRX-ˆRGJIHi]GJX?!K bdEKMGlIŒLRd:iRS]IFB KM€b\ 

ˆzB:B
     

    
 "!$#&%   '
(  ( sIHSZWaWKMSB:X?KMGlIFXbS>G—XbS]IH\LTD   —      —     £
(  ¡ ‰ŠaWXgPRN LRQ SZbG P d:LRDFDHG*)     —      —      +
( -, ‚GJ`-a‹Glo X P B:LRD|Gl\ '     —      —      .
(  # " GJd:S P BEZ[LRZbG ZWGmnSRX-ˆRGJIHi[GJo X P BcL  —      —      (/(
(  #  ( mnS]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:L     —      —      (¡
(  #  ¡ mnS]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:L     —      —      ¡#
(  # -, mnS]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:L10    —      —      ¡/2
3 4# #657#98    :; <% = #   >'
¡  ( Ž VbIFSRfbd:Gl\L         —      —    ?, £
¡  (  ( mLRIFL P KFGJIFBE“”LOPTN LRQ S>Z[L DFS]dEagPRN LTQ Sb P S]XWZbBHPTN S]Q GJDŒZbG—SRKFB:\^LRd:BEZ[LRZbGŸ    ?, £
¡  (  ¡ ™šdEi]S]IHBEKM\S      —      —     ?, 2
¡  ( -, k0Gyu KMSzZbS]DŒZbG—fbabD P L>abXbB:ZWB:IFG P BES]X[LRd"     —     ?,/.
¡  ¡ k6Glu KFSZbSZbGmLRa P €('     —      —      # ,
¡  ¡  ( mnS]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:LiRd:S]f[LTd   —      —      # ,
¡  ¡  ¡ mnS]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:LdES P LRd   —      —      #A@
¡ -, k6Glu KFSZbSZbG {|G ŸKMS]X     —      —      £ ,
¡ -,  ( mnS]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:LiRd:S]f[LTd   —      —      £B@
¡ -,  ¡ mnS]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:LdES P LRd   —      —      £ +
¡  # k6Glu KFSZbSZbG ›ŒGJi]B LRQ S ZbGmnS]XŠ LTXgP N Lj—      —      ]@ ¡
¡  #  ( mnS]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:LiRd:S]f[LTd   —      —      ]@ £
¡  #  ¡ mnS]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:LdES P LRd   —      —      2 ,

ˆBEB:B
> 4# 6# 57#98       5  <%  #    <%   #        
,  ( k6Glu KFSZbSZbG—VbIHS]i]IMLT\LOPTN LRQ S `-a[LRZbIbLTu KMB P L DFGl`-abGJX P BcLRd   —     2B@
W,  (  ( mnS]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:LdES P LRd   —       —      ?+ ¢
W,  (  ¡ mnS]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:LiRd:S]f[LTd   —       —      ? +¡
,  ¡ k6Glu KFSZbSZbG ‰gBEdEKMIHS      —       —      ? ./,
     %    

   #   

     #   %  #   #       A %  


 7    

Ž KMB:\B:“JLOPRN LTQ S@VOSzZbGDHGJIZbG [XWB:Z[LWq˜DFGli]abXbZWS+›‡LRS ¡ +pq P SR\^S S VbIFS P GlDFDHS+ZbG GJXzv


P S]X?KMIFLRIS+ˆTLRd:S]I>\ƒL u „B:\S S]a'\  u XbBE\^S<ZbG ab\^L  abXgPTN LRQ S+DHS]f P GJIHKMLRD P B:I P abXbD KTLRo X P BcLTDJ6™
d:B:XWi]a[LRi]Gl\_aWKMBEd:B:“JLRZ[L VOGldcLSRKFB:\B:“JLOPRN LRQ SV[LRIFL Gy„VbIFGlDFDFLRI|SRDŸVbIFS]fWd:GJ\^LRD ZbG ab\^L S]IF\^LZbG v
P dcLTIMLTKFBEˆTL G u P S]XW€bG P B:Z[L>abXbB ˆ]GJIHDMLRdE\^GlX?KMG P S]\S  #  (  +    +  
Ž VbIHS]fbd:Gl\L<i]GlIMLRdŸZWG SRKFB:\B:“JLOPRN LRQ S8G u G „WVWIFGJDHDFS Gl\ VbIFSRi]IMLR\^LOPTN LRQ S<\L KMGJ\ƒLTu KFB P L
P S]\Sb  !#"%$&
.-0/1 324"%$&65 " &
')(+*, 879"%$&: ¢ (
! ) 2 AB 87 <¢ ;
S]XbZbG  >= |q  >= @?EFP$GS].\ FH! G  >= DC[
mLRDFSS>VbIFSRfbd:Gl\L DFG FL KMGl\^SRD‡`-abGT
E$GFI!3"J$& K .9F LM!3"J$&ON
" &
s S]I KYLRX?KMSWq[DFGJ\UVOGlIFZ[3L>ZbG—i]GJXWGJIMLTd:B:ZbLRZbGRqWVbIFS P abIFLR\S]DŸIFGlDFS]d ˆ]GJIŒS>VbIHS]fbd:Gl\L ( 
™= abXgPRN LTQ S G u P €bLR\LTZ[L  abXgPRN LTQ S^S]f HGlKMB ˆ]SG S P S]X HabX?KFS
5RQ)$TS 324"%$&@5 87W"J$&X:
P VU ¢ G ¢ZY
$[\S " &
G u P €[LR\^LRZbS P S]XHabX?KMS+ˆzB L u ˆ]GJd 0™šDDHS]d:a PRN S]Q GlD 3)"J$P []& ZWS+VbIHS]fbd:Gl\L ( D LRQ S P €[LR\^LRZ[LTD
\^BEXbB:\B:“JLRZbS]IHGJD>G<S]DˆTLRd:SRIFGJD P S]IHIFGJDHVOSRXbZbGJX?KFGJD D LRQ S}S]D\  u XWB:\S]D^ZWS VbIFS]fWd:GJ\^LW
mnS]XW S]IH\^G LTD P LRIFL P KFGJIJu DHKFB P LTDŸZbS P S]X HaWX-KFS P G—LRDŸVbIHS]VbIHB:GJZbLRZbGJDŸZbLRDŸ abXgPRN SRQ GJDŒS]f HGyKMBEˆRS>G
IFGJD KMIHBHPRN SRQ GJDJqŠKMGlIFGl\^S]D‡S]D‡ZbBE GlIFGlX-KFGJD|VbIFS]fWd:GJ\^LRDŒZbGSRKMBE\^BE“”LOPTN LRQ Sb˜s S]I|Gy„GJ\VbdESbqrLRD‡ aWXgPRN S]Q GlD
GJX?ˆ]S]d ˆzB:Z[LRDŸXWS VbIFS]fWd:GJ\^LVrSZWGJ\UDHGJI P S]X?K  u X-a[LTDŸS]aX LRQ SbqWZbBE GlIFGJX P B L u ˆ]GJBEDS]aX LTQ Sbqbd:BEXbG”LTIFGJD
S]a X LRQ Sb
Ž P LTDFS V[LRIHKFB P abdcLRIgGJ\ `-abG|L  aWXgPRN LRQ S S]f HGyKMB ˆ]S G|LTD IHGJDHKFIFB PRN S]Q GlD˜D LRQ S— abXgPRN SRQ GJD˜d:B:XWG”L v
IFGJD G u P S]Xb€WG P BEZbS P S]\S aW\ VbIFS]fWd:GJ\^L ZbG  #  (  ,  GG‡u IFGJDHS]dEˆzBEZbS—VOS]I˜\}Glu KMSzZbS]D
   ¡
GJDFVrG P  u  P ]S DJqŠS]DŒ`-a[LRBEDŸX LRQ SLRX[LTd:B:DFLRIFGl\^SRDXbGJD KMG—KMIFLRf[LRdE€bSb
~DHKMaWZ[LRIFGl\^SRD^VbIHS]fbdEGJ\^LRD S]XbZbGKFSZ[LTD^LTD> aWXgPRN S]Q GlD^aWDMLRZ[LTD^V[LTIML<ZbG bXbB v d:S]D D LRQ S
P S]X?KMBEX-a[LR\GJX?KMG ZbBE GlIFGJX P B L u ˆ]GJBEDJq—B:D KMShGRu q—GJD KMabZ[LTIFGJ\S]D VbIFS]fWd:GJ\^LRD ZbG+STKMB:\B:“JLOPRN LTQ S ZWBE Gyv
IFGJX P B L u ˆ]GJd  k LRB:D GlDFVrG P B  P LR\^GlX?KMGRq˜GJD KMabZbLRIFGl\^S]D VWIFS]fbdEGJ\^LRD XbSRD `-a[LRB:D>LTD abXgPTN S]Q GJD>GJXzv
ˆ]S]d ˆBEZ[LRDD LRQ SbqXWS]IF\^LRd:\GJX?KFGRq X LTQ S@d:BEXbG”LR" IHGJDlq B:D & KMS$GTu qGJDHKFabZ[LRIHGJ\S]D S@VbIHS]fbdEGJ\^Li]GJIFLRdnZWG
!#  (0, (  ,  1   ! , 4   s {   " &
†|\ P LRDFS^V[LRIHKFB P abdcLRInZbSVbIHS]fbdEGJ\^L>ZWGs{  G u SVbIFS]fWd:GJ\^L B:IHIFGJD KMIHBEKMS sœ S]XbZWG
S P S]X HaWX-KFS P G u KMSzZbSS ‹ Ž VWIFS]fbdEGJ\^LB:IHIFGJD KMIHBEKMSGJ\ P S]\V[LRIMLrPRN LRQ S P S]\ SVbIHS]fbdEGJ\^L
i]GJIFLRdšZbG s{  VrSZbG<DHGJI P S]XbDFBEZbGJIFLRZbS}DFBE\^VWd:GJDlqŒVOS]IH`-abG P S]XbDHB:D KMG<GJ\ \^BEXbB:\B:“JLRI>ab\^L
 abXgPRN LTQ SDFGJ\IFGlDHKMIHBHPTN S]Q GJDl Ž GlDHKMaWZbS ZbS]DC\}Glu KFSZbSRDC`-abG IFGlDFS]d ˆ]GJ\ SVbIHS]fbd:Gl\LB:IHIFGJD KMIHBEKMSG u
ZbG aWXbZ[LR\GJX?KYLTdB:\VOS]I KTLRo X P BcLGl\tSRKMBE\^BE“”LOPTN LRQ Sbq‹VrS]IH`zaWG^\ aWBEKMSRD \}Gyu KMSzZbS]D—V[LRIFL IHGJDFSRdEˆ]GlI
S VbIFS]fWd:GJ\^L+i]GlIMLRd|ZbG s{ 1‘LR“JGl\ abDHS ZWS]D\}Glu KMSzZbS]D`zaWG IHGJDHS]dEˆR" GJ\ S}sœYŸ~\ P & LRDHS]D
\ abBEKFS+DHB:\Vbd:GlDƒG@u VrS]DFDJ u ˆ]GldCGJX P S]X?KMIFLRIZbBEIFGlKMLR\GJX?KMG<LTDDFS]dEagPRN SRQ GJD `zabLRXbZbS}Gy„BEDHKMGl\ ZbS
VbIFS]fWd:GJ\^L B:IFIHGJD KMIFB KMSb6k LRDJqŸ`-a[LRXWZbS S Xšbua \GJIHS ZWG ˆTLRIFB”LTu ˆ]GlB:DS]a2L P S]\Vbd:G „B:Z[LRZWG Z[LTD
 abXgPRN SRQ GJD LRab\GJX?KYLT\ qšLRD\LTXbB:VbaWdcLOPTN S]Q GJDBEDFS]d:LRZ[LRDD LRQ S B:XbDHa  P B:GJX?KFGJD V[LRIFLL P €bLRIDFGl`zaWGJI
VOS]X?KFS]D P LTXbZbB:ZbLTKMS]DLe DHS]d:a PRN LRQ Sb ~6u XbG P GJDFDbLRu IFBESbqGJX?K LRQ Sbq LRVrGJd:LRIšV[LTIML\}Glu KMSzZbS]DšXzaW\}Glu IFB P S]DJq
S]a DFG FLqŠLRd:i]SRIFBEKF\^SRDJ
$ †|\LRd:i]SRIFBEKF\^SGu ab\ VbIFS P GlZbB:\GJX?KFS BEKMGlIMLTKFBEˆRSC`-abGRq-LCV[LT$IH KMBEI ZbGaW\VrS]X?$KMS  B:XWB P B:LRd
q P LRd P abd:LWq P S]X S]IF\G—ZbGlKFGJIF$\ B:XbLRZ[LRDŒIFGli]IMLTDJqŠab\ XbS ˆ]S^VOSRX-KFS  L>V[LRI KMB:IŒZbG q[VrGJdcLTD
\^GlDF\^LRD|IHGJi]IFLRDJqrab\jVrS]X?KMS qrG LTDFDFBE\ VOSRI|ZbB:LRX?KMGT Ž D|LRd:iRS]IFB KM\S]DŸGy„B:D KMGlX-KFGJDCZWBE GJIHGJ\
GJX?KMIHG^DHB HaWDHKYLT\^GlX-KFG^XbLRDIHGJi]IFLRD—`-abGZbGyKMGlIF\B:X[LR\ S VrS]X?KMS DFGli]abB:X?KFGRs LRIML VbIFSRfbd:Gl\LRD
ZbGVbIHS]i]IFLR\LrPRN LRQ SX LRQ S^d:B:XWG”LRIlqrSRDCLRdEi]S]IFB KM\S]DŸXbS]IH\LTd:\GJX?KMG—X-abX P LLTKMBEXbi]Gl\ Gy„WLTKYLT\^GlX-KFG
ab\L DFS]dEagPRN LTQ Sbq \^LRDi]GlIMLR\ab\^LDHGJ`-a‹GJo X P BcL<ZbG^VOSRX-KFS]D P a HS]DˆTLRdES]IFGlDZbGLTZbGJIJGJo X P BcLD LRQ S
DFS]dEagPRN S]Q GlDŒZbS^VWIFS]fbdEGJ\^LW{šL>VbIbLTu KMB P LWqWKFGJIH\^BEX[L vžDHG S>VbIFS P GlDFDFS^Z[L>SRKMBE\^BE“”LOPTN LRQ S `-a[LRXbZWSab\
VOS]X?KFSGlDHK[Lu DHa  P BEGJX?KMGl\^GlX?KMGVWI[STu „B:\S ZbG—ab\^L DFS]dEagPRN LRQ SW
™6KFGJS]IHBcL—ZbG|LRd:i]SRIFBEKF\^SRD BEKFGJIML KMBEˆRS]DVOSzZbG‡DFGlI ZbB ˆzB:ZbBEZ[L GJ\_ZbS]BED LTDFVrG P KFS]DJ Ž VWIFB v
\^GlB:IFS GJX P LRIHIFGJi]L vžDHG Z[Lˆ]GlIFB  P LOPTN LRQ S ZbGš`zaWGCS LRdEi]S]IFB KM\Sbq?ZbG‡‘LTKMSbqi]GJIFLRI[L u ab\^LDFGl`za‹GJo X P BcL
P a HS]D ˆTLRdES]IFGlD ZbG LRZbGlIJGlo X P B:L@D LRQ S DFSRd:agPTN S]Q GJD ZbS VbIHS]fbdEGJ\^LW+~D KMG LRDFVrG P KMS VrSZbGDFGJI P €[L v
\LRZWSZbGšLRXŒLRu dEB:DFGŒZ[L P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:L i]d:SRf[LRdpq?VrS]IH`zaWGCDFG|GJX P LRIFIHGJi?" L ZbG|Gy„WLR\B:&X[LTInL `zaWGJDHK LRQ S
B:\VOS]I KYLRX?KFGRqrDFG ab\LRdEi]S]IFB KM\S P S]X?ˆ]GlIFi]G>LaW\ VrS]X?KMS0SRu KFB:\S S]a@DFSRd:agPTN LRQ S ZWG `zabLRd:`-abGlI
VOS]X?KFS ZbGšVbLRIHKFB:Z[LWkLRB:D S]IH\LRdE\^GlX?KMGRq-ZbBE“JGl\^S]D˜`-abGCab\ LRdEi]S]IFB KM\S@Gšu i]dES]f[LRdE\^GlX?KMG P S]Xzv
ˆ]GJIHi]GJX?KFG `zabLRXbZbS KFSZbSˆRLTd:S]IZbG LTZbGJIJGJo X P BcL Z[LDHGJ`-a‹Glo X P B:L i]GJIFLRZ[L VrS]I Gld:G G|u ab\^LDFS]dEagPRN LTQ S
ZbS>VbIFS]fWd:GJ\^LW
Ž DHGJi]abXWZbSLTDFVrG P KFSVrSzZbGŸDFGlI P €bLR\LTZbS—ZbGŒLRXŒLRu dEB:DHGZ[L P S]X?ˆRGJIFibGJo X P BcL—d:S P LRd g~DHKFG
   ,
DFG GJX P LRIFIHGJi?L ZbGZbGyKMGlIF\B:X[LRI>L ˆ]Gld:S P B:ZbLRZbG ZbG P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:L6L e DHS]d:a PRN LRQ S ZbS VbIFS]fWd:GJ\^LW
{ LRQ S'G u ˆzB LTu ˆRGJd P SRXbDFBEZbGJIFLRI—ab\ VbIHS]fbd:Gl\LIHGJDHS]dEˆzB:ZWSbqDFBE\^VbdEGJDH\^GlX-KFG VOGld:S‘LTKFS ZWG>KFGJI—ab\
LRd:i]SRIFBEKF\^S P S]X?ˆ]GJIHi]GJX?KFGR+™ P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:L VrSzZbGDHGJI K LTQ S@d:GlX-KMLWq`-abGV[LRIFL [XbD VbIbLTu KMB P S]D
GJDFDHG>LRd:iRS]IFB KM\S^X LTQ SVOSzZbG DHGJICBE\^VbdEGJ\GJX?KYLTZbSbqrVOS]IH`-abG SKMGl\^VrS`-abG S LRdEi]S]IFB KM\S>i?LRDHKML
V[LRIML P €bGJi]LRI‡Lše DHS]d:a PRN LRQ S Gnu Gy„S]IHfbBEKMLRX?KMGT s SRIHKYLTX-KFSbq]S|GJDHKFabZbSCKFGS]u IHB P S|Z[L P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:LCd:S P LRd
ZbGLRdEi]S]IHBEKM\S]DG^u ZbG abXbZbLR\^GlX?KYLRd˜B:\VOSRIHKTLTo X P B:L VbLRIML LB:\Vbd:Gl\^GlX?KYLOPTN LRQ S ZWGLRdEi]S]IFB KM\S]D
G  P B:GJX?KFGJDJ
Ž GJD KMabZbSZ[L P SRX-ˆRGJIHi[GJo X P BcLZWGLRdEi]S]IFB KM\S]DCV[LTIML VWIFS]i]IFLR\^LOPRN LRQ S X LRQ S d:BEXbG”LRI@Gu S
VbIFBEX P BEV[LRd SRf HGlKFBEˆ]SZbGlDHKMG—KMIFLRf[LRdE€bSb
    #98       % A       %
{|SmLRV u KMabdES ( ‘LR“lGJ\S]DŒab\^L>IHGlˆzB:D LRQ SZbGLTd:i]abXWD P S]X P GJB KMS]Dlqr`-abG \^LRB:Dn IHGJ`-abGlXv
KMGJ\GJX?KFGLRVbLRIFG P GJ\ LTS dES]Xbi]S<ZbS KMIFLRf[LRdE€bSb}™šBEXbZ[L<XbGJD KMG VbIFBE\^GlB:IFS P LRV u KMabdES LRVbIFGlDFGlXv
KYLR\S]D LRD—ZbG [XbB PRN S]Q GlDJq VbIFSRVbIFBEGJZ[LRZWGJD—G GJ`-abB ˆRLTdpGJo X P BcLTD GJX?KMIHG>KFIJGlo D—KFB:VrS]DCZbG ˆRGJd:S P BEZ[LRZbG ZWG
P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:LWq?GL KMIML”ˆGJu DZWGGy„GJ\VbdES]DJqTGJdcLTfOS]IFLRZbS]D VOSRIgXŒS]u Dlq]\S]DHKFIMLR\S]D`zabLRXbZbS—LRD GJ`-abB v
ˆRLTdpGJo X P BcLTD|X LTQ SD LTQ SS]fWKFB:Z[LRDlš{‡S mLRV‹u KMabdES ¡ LRVbIFGlDFGlX-KMLR\S]D|KFIJGJo Dš\}Gyu KMSzZbS]D‡`zaWG IFGlDFS]d ˆ]GJ\
S VbIHS]fbdEGJ\^LZbG^VWIFS]i]IFLR\^LOPRN LRQ SX LRQ S dEB:XbGJLRI B:IHIFGlDHKMIHBEKFSb>sgLRIFL S \}Glu KMSzZbS P d”LRu DFDHB P S ZbG^mLRazv
P € ' LTVbIFGlDFGJX?KMLR\^SRDaW\ IFGlDFabd KYLRZWSbq `-abG X LTQ S LTV[LRIFG P G X[L<d:B KMGlIMLTKFabIMLWqVbLRIML<ab\^L abXgPTN LRQ S
`zabLRZbI[L u KMB P L G P S]X?ˆRGy„WLW k S]D KMIMLT\^S]D˜`-abGCL DFGl`za‹GJo X P BcL i]GlIMLRZ[L VOGld:SLRd:iRS]IFB KM\SCZbG mLTa P (€ '
P S]\_fbabD P L G „bL KYL P S]X?ˆ]GJIHi]G P S]\ ˆ]GJdES P B:Z[LTZbG %  ,  q-X[LXbSRIF\^LGJa P d:BEZbBcLTX[LWq?GšG „B:fbBE\^S]D
L KYL „bL ZbG P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:LW˜{|S mLTV u KFabd:S ,GlDHKMaWZ[LR\S]DnZbSRB:D˜\}Gyu KMSzZbS]D˜`zaWGšIFGlDFS]d ˆ]Gl\ SVbIFSTv
fbd:Gl\LŸZbG˜VbIFSRi]IMLR\^LOPTN LRQ SŸX LRQ S‡d:BEXbG”LRI P S]\=IFGlDHKFIFBHPTN S]Q GJDZbG˜B:i]abLRd:Z[LTZbGR™|S [X[LTd-LRVbIFGlDFGlX-KMLR\S]D
LRd:i]aW\LRD P S]X P d:abD S]Q GJDŒG—ZbGlB „WLR\S]DŸDFabiRGJDHK S]Q GJD‡V[LRIFL>KFIMLRfbLRd:€bSRDn aWKMaWIFS]Dl
      
    

|{ GlDHKMGŒVbIHB:\GJBEIFS P LRV u KMabdESšDFGlI LRQ S—IHGlˆzB:D KMS]DLRVrGJXbLRD S]D P S]X P GlBEKFS]D\L KMGJ\ƒLTu KFB P SRD `-abGTq
\LRBED  IFGJ`-abGlX?KMGJ\GJX?KFGRqŒˆRLT\^S]D>abDFLRIXWS+ZbGlDFGJX?ˆRS]dEˆzB:\GJX?KFS ZbS KFIMLRf[LTd:€bSb2œžXWB P B:LRd:\GJX?KFGRq
W„WLR\^SRD—LXbSRKYLrPRN LRQ S G>LRVbIHGJDHGJX?KYLR\S]D LRdEi]ab\^LRDšZbG [XbB PRN S]Q GlD— aWXbZ[LR\GJX?KYLTB:DJ{šL ‚GzPRN LRQ S (  ,
LRVbIFGlDFGlX-KMLR\S]D S]DVbIFBEX P BEV[LRB:D—IHGJDFaWdEKYLTZbS]DDHS]fbIHGDFGl`za‹GJo X P BcLRD P S]X?ˆ]GJIHi]GJX?KFGJD>GJ\ qgˆzB:DHKFS
`z" aWGVr& SZbGl\^SRD P S]XbDFBEZbGJIFLRIS]DB KMGJIFLRZbS]DZbG ab\ LRd:iRS]IFB KM\S<ZbGVbIHS]i]IFLR\LrPRN LRQ S X LRQ S d:B:XWG”LRI
s{  P S]\S KFGJIH\^S]D˜ZbG|ab\L—DFGl`-aGJo X P BcLGl\ {šL‚GPTN LRQ S (  # LRVbIFGlDFGlX-KMLR\S]DnS P IFB KGlu IFB:S
abDMLRZWSV[LTIML LRX[LRdEB:DMLTISZbGlDFGl\^VrGJXb€WSZbS]D˜ZbB  GJIFGlX?KMGJD LRdEi]S]IFB KM\S]DgVbLRIML s{ z~D KMG P IFB KGlu IFB:S
G+u L 4 5 311( 1(!, 4  #  , 3 P S]\ `-abG LDFGl`-aGJo X P BcLWq—i]GlIMLRZbLVrS]I ab\ LRd:i]SRIFBEKF\^SWq
GJX P S]X?KMIMLLDFS]dEagPRN LTQ SZbS VbIFS]fWd:GJ\^LW ACG bXbB:\S]D KMIJGJo D ZbB  GJIHGJX?KMGlDKMBEVOSRDZbGˆ]Gld:S P B:ZbLRZbGZWG
P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:L^G \S]DHKFIMLR\S]DŸDHa[LRDŒGJ`-abB ˆRLTdpGJo X P BcLTDŸG VWIFS]VbIHB:GlZ[LRZbGlDJ
       †|DMLTIFGJ\S]D˜d:GyKMIMLTD˜\B:XšWua D P aWdcLRDG|\LRBTbua D P abdcLRDgV[LRIML ZbGJXWSRKYLRIlq-IFGJDHVOG P KFBEˆTLR\GJX?KMGTq
ˆ]GlKFS]IFGlD P S]dEabX[LRDGŸ\^LTKMIHB:“lGJDJ "GlKFS]IFGlDZbBE GlIFGJX?KFGJDGJ\ >D LRQ S—ZbGJXWSRKYLRZWS]DVOSRI DFabVrGJIJ u XbZWB P GlD
G DHabf u XbZbB P GJDŒZbGlXbSRKYLT\ LRD P S]\VrS]XbGJX?KFGJDŒIFGJLRB:DŸZbG—ab\ ˆ]GlKFS]IJqrLRDHDFBE\ 
$ 
$


$ S $ 5   $DS 5 NNN  N


 (; ;


;  P S]\ ;
$ 
ACGJXbSRS KMLR\S]DgLšKFIMLRXWDFVrS]DHKMLCZbGab\^Lš\^LTKMIHB:“ƒVrS]IGnS VbIFSzZbaWKFSCGJD P LRd:LRIg$ ZbGnZb$%S]B:$ Dˆ]GyKMS]IHGJD
( q  $ S VrS]I (  r‚zG^L \^LTKM$ IHB:“!)G u 5 '31(#" , 310 5 + 4 qB:D KMS0GRu q   ¢ V[LRIFL
KM$ SzZbS $*) qGJD P IHGlˆ]Gl$,\^5 + SRD& ¢ <™šX[LTd:S]i?) LT\^GlX-KFGRq DHG' G u 1(#" , 31. 5 + 4 q B:D KMS8GRu q
( ¢ VbLRIML KMSzZbS ¢ qbGJD IHGlˆ]Gl\^SRD-
P  ¢
#
           £
            
™1VbIFBEX P EB V[LRd IHGl GlIJGJo X P BcL>ZbGlDHKYL>DFGzPRN LRQ S G u S^dEBEˆzIFSZbG™|XŒLRu dEB:DFGšGJ\ ( +! 
  $   #   $   S †‡\  1 +  , +  &,  G u ab\^LIFGJiRIML`-$ abG ‘LR“ P S]IHIFGlDFVrS]XbZbGlIL P LTZ[L
V[LRI˜ZbG‡ˆRGlKFS]$ IFGl$D  ; S ab\_S Xšbua \GJIHS IHG”LRd q-B:XbZbB P LRZWSVrS]I ; qzZbGŒKYLRdŠ\SZbS `-abGRqzV[LRIFL
`zabLRB:DH`zaWGJI ; ; G  Œq DHG—KFGJXb€bLR\ 

(   $$;V $5   ;5 $  $  $
¡   ;  ;   ; 
,W $   5 +$ ;  5 "$ !#$  $ ;)  5  $ ;    
#  %¢ $  ;  ¢ 
†|\ G „WGl\^VWd:S>B:\VOSRIHKYLTX-KFG G—u S !1 +  , +  &,  ,  , ! S`zabLRdCG—u Z[LRZbS>VrS]I
$ 5 $ 5 $  N#N#NM$ N
 ;   
 

$ S $ 5 (
) $ $
  5     5 !  =   A LRZbS q[GJD P IFGyˆ]GJ\S]D'& &  ;  q[S]a DFG FLWq
$ 5+* $ M$  N N NM$ N
  
& &  

$ 5 $ $
 $ 5
 lG \>v DFG,& & $,5 +  ;  q[ZbG \^SzZbS>`-abG-& & ¢ DFGTqrG—DHS]\^GlX?KMG DFGRq ¢ G,& & ¢ DFGTqŠG
$ 5 $ )
DFS]\GJX?KMG—DHGRq ¢  $ $ S
Ž XCbua \GJIFS'& & P €[LR\^L v DFG ,   *   313,$ S]S a !  $  , +  ZWSšˆ]GyKMS]I ‹
"˜LR\^SRDŸZbGJXbSTKYLRIŒL>XbS]IH\$ L GlS a P dEB:ZbB:LRX[L ZbG—ab\UˆRGlKFS]I VOSRI & & S]a/. 
 

ACS]B:D$ ˆ]GyKMS]IH5 GJD ;0 D LRQ S  + #(, `zabLRXbZbS SVbIFSzZbaWKFSB:X?KFGJIFXWS GJX?KMIHGCGJdEGJDG u
XzaWd:Sbq-B:D KMS@GRu 1q  ;0   S ¢ g~ ˆBEZbGJX?KFGJ\GJX?KMGTqWS—ˆ]GlKFS]I˜XzaWd:S ¢ G‡u S]IHKFS]i]S]XbLRd[L KMSzZbS] DS]Dˆ]GyKMS]IHGJD
ZbG  Ž ˆ]GyKMS]I , q[`-abG KFGJ\  ab\^5 + L P SzS]IFZWGJX[LRZbLBEi]a[LRdL ( X[L>VOS]DHBHPTN LRQ S G KFSZ[LTD|LTD
S]aWKMIFLRDŸX-abdcLTDJqnG—u S]IHKFS]i]S]XbLRd‹L , 2 q[DFG * 
    <5   43$ ! #S   11( (1   $ 5  %76 : 5#8 $:9
;      ;< $ >= +  '% 5 U  ; U & &?&  &A@CB  #  11( 5 =  5  , + 
5 =  1(5-4 +  ! =     (  +  !5  1(   +   @
   !   ( +WqbVŸLRu ib # 
$ 5)( $ $ D
Ž KMGlS]IFGl\L>L P B:\^L+G u ˆLTu d:B:ZWS V[LRIML `-a[LRdE`-abGJIŒVbIHSZbaKMS>B:X?KMGlIFXbSWq P S]\E& &  ; 
           @
$ 5 $ $ $
S ™"S XbS]IH\L GJa P d:BEZbBcLRXbL/& &   i]S]“JLZ[LRDnDFGJiRabB:X?KMGlDŸVbIFSRVbIFBEGJZ[LRZWGJDJqS]XbZbG q
 ‹q "G U  U DHB:i]XbB  P L S ˆTRL dES]IŸLRfbDHS]d:aKMS>ZbSXCbua \^GlIFS IHG”LRd ˜
(  & $ $  &  5 : & $ &  $  &  &  
¡  &  ! &  U  U ! & &  
,W $ $ 5 + %¢ L $ & $ &  : ) ¢ $  L
#  U& &  &  &  U &  &  
ACGab\ \SZbS^i]GJIFLRdpqrab\^L , & Gu `-a[LTd:`-abGJI| abXgPRN LTQ SIFGJLRd & !& = `-abG
P ab\VbIML LRDCKFIJGlo D VWIFB:\GJBEIMLRD P S]XbZWBHPRN SRQ GJD—L P B:\^LGJDHKFB:VbaWdcLRZ[LTDJ>‚GLXbS]IH\LVWIFS ˆGJu \tZbG>ab\
VbIFSzZbaWKFSBEX?KMGJIHXbSbqbGlX?K LRQ S>KYLR\fnGJu \UˆTLRdEG—L `zabLRIHKMLVbIHS]VbIHB:GJZbLRZbGR
@L u ab\L B:X [XbB:ZbLRZbGZbG^XWS]IF\^LRD—`-abGDHGVrSZbGl\ P S]XbDHB:ZbGlIMLRI GJ\ ™ XbSRIF\^L
GJa P d:B:ZWBcLRX[L Gšu \SRKMB ˆTLRZ[L—VOGldcLTS]u IH\ abd:L ZbS P S]\VbIFBE\^GlX-KFSZWGCab\_ˆ]GlKFS]IXbS VWdcLRXbSGJ\ P SzS]I v
ZbGJX[LTZ[LRD P LRIHKFGJDHBcLRX[LTDnGšVbLRIMLXWS PRN S]Q GlDni]GlS]\}Glu KMIHB P LRD GldcL GCu L\^LRBED˜XbLTKMabIFLRdp s S]I S]aWKMIHSd:LRZbSbq
€ŒLu Zba[LRD—XbS]IH\LTDC`-abG>D LRQ S ZbG \^LRXbB:VWabdcLOPTN LRQ S S]IH\LTdg\^LRB:D|DFB:\VbdEGJDJq LTD `zabLRB:D VrSZWGJIFGl\^SRD
aWKMBEd:B:“JLRInGl\ qb`-a[LTXbZbS€WS]aWˆ]GlI P S]X?ˆ]GlXbBpGlo X P B:LW ~d:LRDŸD LTQ Sb
$ 5 Q $ NNN $ " &
& $ &  5 $   U N N NU ; $; U U Y; bX " S]IH\L ZWS^\ƒL u „B:\S ]S a .O&  N


& & U U 
U U bX S]IH\L ZbLDHS]\L S]a/. 
™šDŒDFGli]abB:X?KFGJD‡IFGJd:LOPRN SRQ GJDŸGJX?KFIFG GJDFDFLRD‡XbS]IF\^LRDŸD LRQ S>B:\VOS]I KYLRX?KFGJDJ
$ : $ : $
& $ &   : &$ & : &  & $ G N
& & & & & &

~ u rV S]DFDJ u ˆ]Gld?\^SRDHKMIFLRI‹`-abGZba[LTDXWS]IF\^) LRD‹`-a[LRBEDF`-) abGlI U ! U G & ! &GJ\ —D LRQ SŒDFGJ$T\S VbIHGGJ`-abBEˆTLRdEGJX?KMGlD


( +zq[VŒLRu ib ( +pqWS]a DHG FLWq[G „B:DHKFGJ\  ¢ G ¢ KMLRB:Dn`zaWGRqŠV[LRIFL KFSZWS ‹
$ : $ : $ N " &
 U U & &  U U ( (
†|\^L@XbS]IF\^L@LRIHfbBEKFI[LRu IHBcL FD GJIbL u ZWGJXbSRKMLRZ[L@" DHB:\& Vbd:GlDF\GJX?KMGVrS]I & ! & +†|DFLRXbZbS LRD HI GJdcLrRP N S]Q GlD
LRX?KMGJIHB:S]IHGJDŸG L>GJ`-abBEˆTLRdpGJo X P cB L ZbG—XbSRIF\^LRD (  ( KFGJ\S]DŸ`-abGR
$
& & 
$  & &
$
           2
5 5 
S]XbZbG  ( DHG & ! &GCu L XbS]IH\L JG a P d:B:ZWBcLRX[L—S]aLB:X bXbBEKFSbq-G   (
 DFGC& ! &Gšu LXbSRIF\^L
.
™_‰gB:iRabIML (  ( \^SRDHKMIFLS]D VOSRX-KFS]D—ZbG P S]\ XbS]IH\LTD .  q JG a P d:BEZbBcLRXbLG>B:X[XWBEKMS


B:i]a[LTB:DŸL ( 

1
||x||=1

||x||∞= 1
||x||1= 1

−1 0 1

−1

‰ B:i]abIFL (  ( "GlKFS]IFGlD‡ZWG P S]\ XWS]IF\^LRDŸB:iRa[LRB:DL ( 




  5     5  5  = #98  ‚GJi]aWXbZbS x S]Xb“JLRi?L ( ¡ pqRL|XbS]IH\L‡GJa P :d BEZbBcLRXbLŒZWGnab\^L|\^LTKMIHB:“


tG u ZbLRZ[L>VOS]I 5  $ 5 ( " &
& C& & $ & 
 
DFaWV  & &  ?  ;
" &  " &  
P ]S \ ?    Wq G ?  ZbGJXbSTKYLRXbZWSbqWIHGJDFVrG P KMB ˆRLT\^GlX-KFGRqbS\LRBES]I˜Gš\GJXbS]InLRaWKFS ˆTLRdES]InZWG
 


{|S P LRDH^S ZWG \^TL KFIFB:“lGJDŸDHB:\}Glu KMIHB P LRDZbG [XbB:ZbLRDŒVOS]DHBEKFBEˆTLRDJqzKMGl\^S]Dl
& &
5 
?
" &
 ; &

&
5  ( " &
:
\^LT$ ? KFIFB:“lGJD N

& $ & : & C&?&$/& ;  ;
& & & C&?& & ;
 \^LTKFIFB:“ ; ˆRGlKMSRI
Ž Xšbua \GJIHS ZbG P S]XbZWB P BES]X[LR\GJX?KFS ZbG—ab\^L>\^LTKFIFB:“-tG—u Z[LTZbS>VOS]Il
5 5 " &N
 ?   "  &


& &?& 


? 
 &
           +

     

  + 
nm S]XbDHB:ZbGlIFG P ab\ LRfrGJI KMS>ZbG  ‚Gli]abXbZbS B:\^LE ( +! qbKMGJ\S]Dl
( ‡‰[abXgPRN LTQ SZWG P dcLRDHDFG*)   
$†|\^S L  aWXgPRN LRQ S IFGJLRd  P = Gu$ Zb"JG $&P d:LRN DFN#DHNG ) $  `-a["%$LRXb& ZbSGy„ B:D KMGJ\ qgGl\ $ P  LRZ[L VOSRX-KFS



qRLRD ZbGJIHBEˆTLRZ[LTDVbLRI P BcLRBED  ; ; GLRD  abXgPRN SRQ GJD  P = ‡q


LRDFDHB:\ ZbG [XWB:Z[LRDlq[D LRQ S P SRX-K” u X-a[LRDl
¡ ‡‰[abXgPRN LTQ SZWG P dcLR DHDF*G )
†|\^L  aWXgPRN LRQ S  P = Gu ZbG P dcLTDFDFG )  `-a[LRN XbN#ZWN SGJd:L  VrS]DFDHabBZbGJIHBEˆTLRZ[LTDV[LTI P B:LRB:D
GJ\_KM SzZbS]DSRDŸ VOS]X?KFS]DZbG P G LRD abX PRN S]Q Gl D $  ; ; $  P = " S]IHGJ\hZbG  P Sd:LRDFDHG
) qOSRXbZbG Gu aW\ BEX?KMGJBEIFS^GJDHKFIFB KYLR\GJX?KMG VrS]DFB KMBEˆRSbŒ†|DFLRIFGl\^SRDCL^XWSRKYLOPTN LRQ S )
V[LRIFL>ZWGJXbSRKMLRIŒab\^L abXgPRN LTQ S^ZbG P dcLRDHDF*G ) 

†|\^L‡ abXgPTN LRQ S   P = G u Zb G $ P d:LRDFDHG ) `-a[LTXbZbS GJd:L| S]I P S]X?K”u X-a[LWq]G ZbG P d:LRDFDHG )  `-a[LTXbZbS


 S]IŸZbG P d:LRDFDHG V[LTIML KMSzZbS ¢


    5  6  @      
™1‰ S]u IF\abdcL ZbG— L 'dES]IŸV[LRIFL ab\L  abX PRN LRQ S  P = tuGL DHGJi]abBEX?KMGR
 "   & 5  ".+& > ".+&
  !  ¡(     ".+&
! 
  N#N N (


C
 ".+&
!  C   C "  &]N
5 " N N#N &
™ P EB \LqWV[LRIFL   
 q[GlD P IFGlˆRGJ\S]D
H ".+& 5  " +& 

 !    $ O  ;
5   $  $ " Z& 

 O " +&


! 
  ;
2   " +2 & 


O " +& 5


   $  $ $    2   ;
2 
! 
 2
  2
S]XbZbG
H " +& 5 $  ." +& #N N#N $  ".+&  
 
 G—u S 4 + # 1  , +  bZ L q


 ] ".+&@5"!
 ".+&  5 N N N 
$  $ ; * (; ; GŸu L  + & 9 5 !! 3, ZbL  ]q GŒLRDHDFB:\VrS]I ZbB:LRX?KMGR



2#
           .
nm S]XW S]IH\^GLRD|€bB:VŒSTu KMGJDHGJDš GlBEKMLRD|GS]DšSRf HGlKFBEˆ]SRDCZbGJDHG FLRZWS]DJq KFGJ\S]DŒKMIJGlo DCDFB KMa[LrPRN S]Q GlD
VbIFBEX P BEV[LRB:Dl
(   & ' 1(  , " , + !     " & 5
‚G G u  ˆ]GJ“lGJD ZbBE GlIFGlX P B”LTu ˆ] GldC" Xb& S}5 VO/<SR" X-KFS & q‡GJX?K LRQ S2d:BE\  & C  & C ¢  {‡GJD KMG P LRDHS

abDMLTIFGJ\S]DŒL>XbSRKMLOPRN LRQ S>abDHa[LRd C  & &C 
¡  ! + .1(  5# ,(#(  "   &
‚abVrS]XbZbS ZbG P SVdcLR" DHDFG ) & C?q  ( ˆ]GJ“lGJD˜ZbBE GlIFGlX P B”LTu ˆ]GldbXbS—DFGli]\^GlX?KMSLRfOGlIHKFS ;  q
GJX?K LTQ SG „B:DHKFG <¢ ;( qKMLRd`-abG
 " & 5 "  ( &   ". 
C   (  C   & ! C N
 

,W !  + &, +  # 


‚G G u WZ G P dcLRDHDFG*) C JG X?K LTQ S


 " &5
C 
( 


" L -&
( 
C C
  "  M- &
 !  C

 -]N
 

   #     )   #  %   #  8 ‡† \L abXg$ PRN  LTQ S $
 S P = @? G u  5 (5 + 93, DFG G „B:DHKFG ab\^L
P S]XbD KYLRX?KFG  ¢ qbKYLTd‹`-abG—V[LRIML KMSzZbS ; P qbKMGJ\ vžDHGR
 "J$ & L  %" $ & : $ L $ N
   
& &  & &
™ P ]S XbD KYLRX?KFG hG u P €[LT\LRZbL P S]XbD KYLRX?KMG ZbG  5 5( + 9 

  ,    
™1VbIFBEX P BEV[LRd IHGl GlIJGJo X P BcL>ZbGlDHKYL>DFGzPRN LRQ S G u S^dEBE$ˆzIFSZbG™|XŒLRu dEB:DFGšGJ\ ( +! 
†|\^L 5  , 3 GJ\ Gšu aW\L LTVbd:B P LOPTN LRQ S  = qWZbG [XbB:ZbLXbS P S]X HabX?KMS 
ZbS]D Xš$ bua  \GJIHS]DCX[LTKFabIMLTB:DJ Ž ˆRLTd:S]I|`zaWGGlDFDFL LTVbd:B P LOPTN LRQ SLRDHDFab\G XbS XCbua \GJIFS!8Gu "%$ B:Xb Zb& B P LRZWS
P S]\ G P €[LT\L v DFG# S " % !    KMGlIF\SZ[L DF$ GJ`- a‹S Glo X P B:LW †|DFLRIFGl\^S]DL XWSRKYLOPTN LRQ S V[LRIFL
B:XbZbB P LRIL>DHGJ`-a‹Glo X P B:L P a H$ S " % !   "J$ KM Gl& IF\S G u 
†| \^5 L Q  &% 5A   , A 3 N ZbN#GN A  G<u A L N#IFN#GlN DHKFIFBHPTN LRQ S Z[L DHGJ`-a‹GJo X P BcL L ab\ DFabf P S]X HabX?KMS
B:X [XWBEKMS  "%$  & !  !  ! Y(' Œ ™_DHabfbDFGl`-aGJo X P BcL6G>u BEXbZbB P LRZ[LVrGJd:L
XbSRKYLrPRN LRQ S 
* *
) -
+ , 
           (Ӣ
"%$  &
|† \^L‡DHGJ`-a‹Glo X P B:L G u  ' + 1 `-a[LTXbZbSCS P S])X HaWX-KFSšZbSRDgDFGlabD$  FK GJIH\^: S]D G u dEB:\BEKMLRZbS
GJ\ S qS]a DFG FLq`-a[LTXbZbS Gy„B:D KMG>ab\XCbua \^GlIFSIHG”LRd ¢ q‹KYLTd `-abG& & V[LRIFLKFSZWS
! Œ S $ S
) †|\ VrS]X?KMS G u S^dEB:\BEKMG|S Z[L^DHGJ`-a‹Glo X P B:L)ZbG VOS]X?KFS]D $  L  `-a[LTA XbZbSbqŠV[LRIFL
KMSzZbS ¢ Z[LRZbSWqG‡u VrS]DFDJ u ˆ]GldŠS]fWKMGl"%I $ !  & ŒqrKMLRdŠ`-abG!  !  B:\Vbd:B P L &  & J{‡GJDHKFG
P LRDHSb$ q Zb5 B:“lGJ \S]DC`-ab$G 5LDF Gl`-aGJo X P BcL !, 4 $   #( VbLR IML SRa +  ,1( V[LRIFL qG GlD P IFGlˆRGJ\S]D
d:B:\ q  d:BE\  q[S]a DHB:\Vbd: GlDF5 \GJX?KMG $  =  "J$  &

 a[LRXbZbSGy„B:D KMG S^d:B:\BEKFG d:B:\ q ZbBE“JGJ\"J$ S] D‡& `-abG LDHGJ`-a‹GJo X P BcL G u !, 4 &%
#( , +  ˜mLRDHS P S]X?KMIbLRu IFBESbqbZbBE“JGJ\S]DŸ`-abG L DFGl`za‹GJo X P BcL G u 14  #( , +  
†|\ ‘LTKFSGJdEGJ\GJX?KYLTIJqrVOS]IzGJ$ u \j  5 GJDHDF GlX P B:LRdpq‡$ Gu  `-5 abG S^d:B:\BEKFG  Zb5 GaW\LDFGJ`-a‹Glo X P B:L P S]Xzv
ˆ]GJIHi]$ GJ X?KF5 G  G u bua XbB P SbqbSRa DHG FLWqŠDHG dEB:\ "J$  & G—d:BE\  q[GlX?K LRQ S  S ˜~\ V[LRI KMB P ab dcLT5 IJqWDHG
d:B:\ G aW\L DFaWfbDFGl`za‹GJo X P BcL^ZWG P SRX-ˆRGJIHi]GVbLRIML SVOS]X?KFS  q[GJX?K LRQ S 
Ž DFGJiRabB:X?KMG KMGlS]IFGl\L1G u aW\ IFGJDHabdEKMLRZbS  abXbZ[LR\GJX?KMLRdŒIFGJd:L P BES]X[LRZWS P S]\ S+VWIFS]fbdEGJ\^L ZWG
SRKMBE\^BE“”LOPTN LRQ Sb
    <5    3 0  95, %     +  !
 1'5  , 3  ' + 1    5! ( ( 
 &% 5  , 3 !, 4  #( , +  @
   !   ( +WqbVŸLRu ib (=@ H S $ S
D
|† \ VrS]X?KMS G u 4 "%$ 1(& 1(   , 3 ZWG‡aW\ L DFGl`-aGJo X P BcL—ZbGŒVOSRX-KFS]D
`zabLRXbZbS^LRd:iRab\LDFabfbDHGJ`-a‹Glo X P B:LZbG P S]X?ˆ]GlIFi]G V[LRIFL 
†|\^L|DHGJ`-a‹GJo X P BcL P S]X?ˆ]GlIFi]GlX-KFGŸVOSRDF" DFaWBab\ bua XbB P SŒˆTLRd:S]I N ZbN N Gn& LRZbGlIJGJo X P BcLg™ƒIHG P  u VbIHS P L
X LRQ S—ˆRLTd:GR L—DFGJ`-a‹Glo X P B:LZbGŒXšbua \GJIHS]DIFG”LTB:D (;YZ¡ ;(; , ;(; #4;(; £Z; VOSRDFDFaWBrS bua XbB P S ˆTLRd:S]IZWG
LRZbGJIJGJo X P BcL ( q[\^LRDŸX LRQ S P S]X?ˆ]GJIHi]GR˜GJ\S]DJq[GlX-KFIFGyKYLRX?KMSWqrS>DHGJi]abBEX?KMG KMGlS]IFGl\LW
    <5    >   5  , 3  ' + 1-   !, 4  #( , +  5 =  5  , +  5 =  5! (
 ( , ! 4 1( 1(   , 3 @ 
   !   ( +WqbVŸLRu ib ( 2 
"%$  &
D
) Gy„BE|† DHKM\^G L !  DFGJS `-a‹‡Glo qŠX KYP LTB:d[L `zaWG!OGJq \ !) !  G u B:\ab\Vbd:L B 5L & $  , L3$ & 1(.A J œžD KM5 S  q[`-S]a[XbLRZbXbaWZW“šSLRSV[LRDFIFGlL>i]abKFBESX-ZWKFSG
¢ P P
IFGJDHabdEKMLRZbSb
"J$  &
    <5    '   5  , 3   1(  5 05 = 5  , +  5 = 0 !, 4 &%
#( , +  @
   !   ( +WqbVŸLRu ib ( 2  D
           (/(
    + 
       


š™ DVbIHB:X P B:V[LTB:D IHGl GlIJGJo X P BcLTDZWGJDHKMLŸDFGPTN LRQ S‡D LRQ Sb ¡ q abDMLRZbLŒVbLRIMLZbG [XbBEI P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:L
ZbS KMB:VrS 0Œq[G> ¡ ,! q[abDMLTZ[LVbLRIML ZbG [XbB:I‡LRD P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:LRDšZbS KFB:VrS  G  
mnS]\S‡KFGJIFGl\^SR"JD$ ˆn& LRu IHB:S]D G „WGl\^VWd:S]DZbGDFGl`za‹GJo X P BcLR D ) ZWG˜XšWua \^GlIFS]D IFGJLRB:DlqTZWGJXbSRKMLRIFGl\^SRD
GJDHKMLRDŸ"J$ DF Gl&`-aGJo X P BcLRDŒVrS]I  ˜‚zGJ`-a‹GJo X P BcLTDŸGJ\ q P SR\ ( q P S]X?KMBEX-a[LRIFGl\^SRDZbGJXWSRKYLRXWZbS
VOS]I 
†|\LRdEi]S]IHBEKM\SVbIHG P B:DMLq V[LTIML `zaWGDFG FL G  P BEGJX?KMGTqgZbGZba[LRD VbIHS]VbIFBEGJZ[LTZbGJDlsIFB v
\^GlB:IFSWq[`zaWGKMSzZbS]D‡S]D‡ˆRLTd:S]IHGJDŒZbG LTZbGJIJGJo X P BcL^ZbLDFGl`za‹GJo X P BcLi]GlIMLRZbL^VrGJd:SLRd:iRS]IFB KM\SbqWBEXbZbGyv
VOGlXbZbGJX?KFG^ZbS VrS]X?KMS B:XWB P B:LRdpqODFG FLR\ DFSRd:agPTN S]Q GJD—ZbS VbIHS]fbd:Gl\L {|GlDHKMG P LRDFS ZbB:“lGJ\S]D `-abG>S
LRd:i]SRIFBEKF\^S G—u i]d:S]fbLRd:\GJX?KMG P S]X?ˆRGJIFiRGJX?KMGT
™US]aKMIML VbIFSRVbIFBEGJZ[LRZWG^IHGl GJIHGyv DFG L e 4 5 311( 1( !, 4  #   , 3 P S]\`-abGL DFG v
`za‹GJo X P BcL i]GJIFLRZ[L VrGJd:S}LTd:i]S]IHBEKF\^S GJX P S]X?KMIML L DFS]dEagPRN LTQ Sb sSZbGl\^SRD KFGJI LRdEi]S]IHBEKM\S]D`-abG
i]GJIFLR\)DFGl`-aGJo X P BcLRD P S]X?ˆRGJIFiRGJX?KMGlDJqŸ\^LRDL ˆRGJd:S P BEZ[LRZbGZWG P S]X?ˆ]GJIHibGJo X P BcL V[LRIFL L DFS]dEagPRN LTQ S
VOSzZbG DFGlI K LRQ S}d:GJX?KML `-abGTq V[LRIM& L [XWD VbIbLTu KMB P S]DlqCGJDHDFGlD@LRdEi]S]IFB KM\S]D^KFS]IFXbLR\>v DFG<BEX-ˆzB”LTu ˆ]GlB:DJ
sIHG P B:DMLT\^S]D GlX?K LRQ S LRX[LRdEB:DFLRICLˆ]Gld:S P BEZ[LRZbG ZbG P S]X?ˆ]GJIHibGJo X P BcL Z[LRD—DHGJ`-a‹GJo X P BcLTDJqV[LRIML P S]\>v
V[LRIM"%LT$ I  L< & G  P BpGJo X P BcL<ZbSRD ZbBE GlIFGJX?KFGJDLRd:iRS]IFB KM\S]DVbLRIML@VbIHS]i]IFLR\LrPRN LRQ S<X $LTQ S<[Rd:S B:XWG”LRIl+™šDHDFBE\ q
DFG $  L G}u $ab[ \^L25 DFGl`za‹GJo X P BcL$Gl\ P S]X?ˆ]GlIFi]GlX?KMGƒVbLRIML0ab\ VrS]X?KMS ‹q B:D KMS GRu q
d:B:\ & & ¢ q"%$ SR Xb& Zb5 G &! 5 &^ZW$ GJXb SRLKML@$ [ ab\^LXbS]IH\L `zabLRd:`-abGlI GJ\ qVOSzZbGl\^S]D P S]Xzv
DFB:ZWGJIMLTIS Xšbua \GJIHS , 
, & & P SR\^S aW\L \GJZbBE" Z[L& ZbGš`zabLRX?KMS P LRZbL BEKMGlIMLRZWS
GJDHK[Lu VbIbSTu „B:\SZbS^d:B:\BEKFGRŸ™ IMLRVbBEZbGJ“ P SR\`-abG LDFGl`za‹GJo X P BcL "%$ ,   & DHG LRVb$IHS[ „BE\L>ZbG“lGJIHS'G u
ab\L—\GJZbBEZ[L ZbG 4 5 311(1( !, 4  #  , 3 Z[LDHGJ`-a‹GJo X P BcL V[LTIML ~DHKMG|GJD KMabZbS G u
Zb$G  !LB, $4 [  #  , 3'5 qVOSRIF`-abGCDHS]\^GlX?KMG XbS]DnB:X?KMGlIFGJDHDFDFLS P S]\^Vr"%S]$ I  KY& LR\GJ"$X? KM S& Z[L ZbBEDHKTLTo X P B:L
& & `-a[LRXWZbS !1Gu i]IFLRS XbZbGT™šDFDHB:\ q DHGZbabLRDDHGJ`-a‹Glo X P B:LRD G D LRQ SBEi]a[LRBED—L
V[LRIHKFB:I˜ZbG—LRdEi]ab\  u XbZWB P G ! Œq‹GlX?K LRQ S>LRD P LRIFL P KFGJIJu DHKFB P LTD"J$ Zb G & P S]X?"$ ˆ] GJ& IHibGJo X P BcL GšˆRGJdES P B:Z[LRZWG


ZbG P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:L^D LRQ S>B:i]a[LTB:DV[LTIML>LR\ f[LTD|LTDŸDFGJ`-a‹Glo X P B:LRD G 


Ž IHGJDHKMLRX?KMG>ZbGlDHKMG>VbIHB:\GJBEIFS P LRV u KMabdESƒG u ZbGJZWB P LTZbS LRSGJD KMabZbS ZbG KFIJGJo D ZWBE GJIHGJX?KMGlD
KMB:VrS]D ZbG 4 5 311( 1( !, 4  #  , 3  ACG bXbB:\S]D P LTZ[L aW\)ZbGJdEGJD>G \^SRDHKMIFLR\S]D DFabLRD
VbIFS]VWIFB:GlZ[LRZbGlDG‡Gl`-abBEˆTLRdpGJo X P BcLRDl Ž VWIFB:\GJBEIFSCKFB:VrS ZbGŸˆ]GJdES P B:Z[LTZbGŸZbG P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:L `-abG‡ZbG v
[XbB:\S]Dlq P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:L  q-DFGlI[L u abDMLRZWSV[LTIML—GJDHKFabZ[LRI L P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:Ld:S P LTdbZbS]D˜LRdEi]S]IFB KM\S]D
V[LRIML VbIHS]i]IFLR\LrPRN LRQ S X LTQ SdEB:XbGJLRIJq`-abGLTVbIFGlDFGJX?KMLRIFGl\^S]DŒXbSRD‡VWI[STu „B:\S]D P LRV u KFabd:SRDJ
           (¡
     (  
š™ DCZWG [XbB PRN S]Q GlD ZbGJD KMG KFB:VrSZbG P ]S X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:L  bf LRDFGlBcLR\ vžDHGGJ\{|S P GlZ[LRd qO• IFB:iR€-K
¡ ,3p
"J$  & %" $  &
  #      6  $ [ S 
5  , 3   @ 3 9  5  S   & !, 4   #( %
 , S    , +    .(  , +  50 $ +   !,  + , +  ¢<;(  ( , +  
!   = + * $ L $ [ :  " &
$L $[ & ;


$
& 
& & ( ¡
  + 1( ! !@
Ž bV IFG W„S %  )DFBEi]XbB  P L %H`-abS P B:GlX-KFG)bqrVrS]IF`-abG GJD KMGKFB:VrS^ZWG P SRX-ˆRGJIH"%$i[GJo X&HP 5 BcL G u ZbG5 v
[$XbB:ZWL S $Gl[\ KMGlIF\S]D>ZbS `-abS P B:GlX-KFG ZWG GlIFIHS]D>DFa P GJDFDHBEˆRS]DJqŸS]XWZbG S Xšbua \GJIHS , "%$  & , 
& " N & & G u S GlIFIH$ S  P S]\$Gl[ KMBEZbS X[L B KMGlIMLOPTN LRQ S !O ~ u TL u P : B:dŠˆ]GlIŒ`zaWG DFG—L : DFGl `za‹GJo X P Bc: L   DMLTKFB:D v
‘LR“ ( ¡ qrGJX?K LRQ S = : C ACG ‘LTKMSWqrKFGJ\S]D ,   S   ,   q ,    S  & ,     ,  q "GyK P & q
GZbG \SzZbS^iRGJIMLTd ,   C C ,   qOV[LRIML>KMSzZbS  Œ>mnSR\^S ¢<;( q L^DFGJ`-a‹Glo X P B:L , 

P S]X?ˆ]GlIFi]G V[LRIFL “JGJIHSb 
Ž ˆTLRdES]IgZ[L P S]XbDHKMLRX?KMG GŒu L +  '1( !, 4  #  , 3 Z[L DFGl`za‹GJo X P BcL—"J$ GR q?& `-a[LRX?KMS—$ [ \^LRB:D
VbI[STu „BE\^S ZbG—“lGJIFS> S]Ilqb\LTB:DIbLRu VbB:ZbL>DHGJIbL^u L P SRX-ˆRGJIHi[GJo X P BcLZ[L DFGJ`-a‹Glo X P B:L V[LRIFL 
$<5     5  , 3
"J$  &
11  
$ 5 
¢<; £ = !, 4  #(! 4 5 311( %  , 
  ¢ 
$L $ [ 5 
$ 
 Gl\^S]DŒ`-abGT
& L $ [ & U ¢<; £   U 5 ¢Z; £    5 N


& 
 

& L $ U ¢<[ ; £ U ¢<; £


 5 $  L $ [ & :  "%$ &
&
¢<;Y£ qWKMGl\^SRD &  $ B:dEabDHKFIML L DFGl`-aGJo X P BcL 
( ¡

™šDFDHB:\ qbV[LRIFL &  ™1‰gB:iRabIML
$
GJ\UKFIJGJo DŒDHBEKMabLOPRN S]Q GlDJq[XbSRD‡VWdcLRXbSRD!  ! ,   ,  G ,  


, 
Ž D ZbSRB:DVbIbSTu „B:\S]DGy„GJ\VbdES]D \^S]D KMIFLR\"`-abGˆ]GJdES P B:Z[LTZbGZbG P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:L %  , 
ZbGJVrGJXbZWG<Z[L+XbS]IH\L"~\ frS]IML LTDXbS]IH\LRD^GJ\ 'DFG FLR\ GJ`-abBEˆTLRdEGJX?KMGlDJq‡VOSzZbGl\^S]DKMGlI
DFGJ`-a‹Glo X P B:LRD`zaWG P S]X?ˆ]GlIFi]Gl\ P S]\ ˆRGJd:S P BEZ[LRZbG %  ,  GJ\ ab\L<XbSRIF\^LWq\LRD X LRQ S P S]\
L \GJDF\^Lˆ]GJdES P B:Z[LTZbG^Gl\S]aWKMIFL XbSRIF\^LW ~DHKMGlDG „WGl\^VWd:S]D  S]IMLR\tGldcLRfrS]IFLRZbS]Dlq VrS]I XŒS]u DJq
GJDFVrG P B  P LR\GJX?KMG V[LRIFL>GlDHKFG b\ 
Ž ~g„GJ\Vbd:S ¡ DFGJIbL u P BEKYLTZbS XbS VWI[STu „B:\S P LRV‹ u KMaWd:SbqXbS GJD KMabZWSZ[L P S]X?ˆRGJIFibGJo X P BcL
d:S P LRdŠZbS \ Glu KFSZWSZbG—mLTa P (€ 'V[LRIFL abXgPTN LRQ S `-a[LRZWI[LTu KFB P LqV[LTIMLGlXW‘LTKMBE“”LRI˜`-abG LˆRGJdES P B:Z[LRZWG
           (,
0.5 1

0.4 0.8
xk ek+1
ek 0.6
0.3

0.2 0.4

0.1 0.2

0 0
0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20
k k
0.5

0.4

0.3
ek+1
0.2

0.1

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

‰gBEi]abIFL (  ¡ "GJd:S P EB Z[LRZbG WZ G P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:LW


ek

%  , 
"%$  &
ZbG P ]S X?ˆRGJIFibGJo X P BcL %  ,  Z[LDFGl`-aGJo X P BcL X[LXbS]IF\^L>qB:XbZbaW“JB:ZbLVOGldcL`-a[LRZbIbLTu KMB P LWq
X LRQ S>i?LRIFLRX?KMG L \^GlDF$ \^ L ˆR5 GJdE$ S P B:Z[$ LRZWG ZWG $ P S]S X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:L^S X[L>XbS]IH\L Gla P dEB:ZbB:LRX[LW ™1XbSRIF\^L
G u ZWG [XbBEZ[L P S]\S& &   P S]\ G  ‹
"J$  & S
$<5 3  
   5  , 3 11  
$  5 
" ( &   $    5 " ( & ( (  

¡ ¡ ¢ 
¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ;
" &

!, 4  #(   ¢ ¢ ! 4 5 311( %  ,   , , & !
5  ( ¢ =
¢
  , ( ! 4 5 311( %  , -, ,      313, @
{šL XbS]IH\L JG a P d:BEZbBcLTX[LWq-KMGJ\S]DŒ`-abG
$ L $ [ 5 " ( & & ! "(& 5

& $  L $[ &
  

( ;

¡ ¡ 

" (& &


 
& & 

¡ ¡
           (#
"J$  &
VOS]I KYLRX?KFS L DHGJ`-a‹Glo X P B:L X RLQ S@KFGJ\ ˆRGJdES P B:Z[LRZWG %  ,  XbL XWS]IF\^L@GJa P :d BEZbBcLRXbLW ~Xzv
`zabLRX?KMS`zaWGRqŠX[L XbS]IH\L
$  " ( &  
" (&  (" (& 

&


$ &
 
& 5 ¡ ¡

¡ # ¡
 
5 £
" ( & +
 
&  
¡ ¡
&( (
G
$  "  " &
&


$ 

& 5

¡ ¡
 
5 ¡ ¡

5 (;
(& " (&  (" (& " (& (" (&
  
 

£
 

& & "  

¡ ¡ ¡ # ¡ # ¡   

"%$  ¡ &
 

LR\ f[LRDLTD˜IFLR“ SRQ GJD˜D LRQ S ^\ GlXbS]IHGJD`-abG (  S]i]Sbq-L—DFGl`-aGJo X P BcL P S]X?ˆ]GJIHi]G P S]\ˆRGJdES P B:Z[LRZWG
%  ,  X[L>XbS]IH\L > "J$  &
™‰gB:i]aWIML (  , \S]DHKFIML}L KMIML HGlKŠSRu IFBcL Z[L}DFGl`-aGJo X P BcL $ GJ\ $ IHGJd:LOPRN LRQ S"LRe D ZbabLRD
XbS]IF\^LRDlLRDŸGJdEB:VbDHGJDIHGJVbIHGJDHGJX?KYLR\ LRD P abI ˆTLRDŸZbGCX‹u ˆ]Gld‹Z[L abXgPTN LR$Q S = $ & &  qWG—LRD P B:I P abXzv
 GJIJGlo X P B:LRDJqŠLTD P abIHˆTLRDŒZbG—X‹u ˆ]GldZ[L  abXgPRN LTQ S^XbSRIF\^L>Gla P dEB:ZbB:LRX[LWq = & &  


1.5

0.5

−0.5

−1

−1.5

‰gBEi]abIFL ( - ,"GJd:S P EB Z[LRZbG WZ G P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:L


−2
−2.5 −2 −1.5 −1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5

%  ,  ZbGJVrGJXbZWGZ[L>XbS]IH\L


           (£
"%$  &
|{ SRKFG `-abGRqGlDFDML \GJDF\^LDHGJ`-a‹GJo X P BcL P SRX-ˆRGJIHi]G P S]\ˆRGJdES P B:Z[LRZWG %  ,  X[L
XbS]IF\^L ZbS\'L u „WBE\^SWqVrS]B:DŒLT\ f[LRDŒLRDŒIFLR“ S]Q GlD
$  ( (
5 "¡ ¡ & ¡ 5 $   &  (
5 "¡ ¡ & 5 ¡ ( ¡ 5 (
& $   &
 
( & $


  &
 

& & " ( & G


" ( & ( ( ¡;
  
 

¡ &
¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡
D LRQ S>\GJXbS]IHGJDŒ`-abG (  "J$  &
™‰gB:i]aWIML (  # \S]DHKFIML}L KMIML HGlKŠSRu IFBcL Z[L}DFGl`-aGJo X P BcL GJ\ $ IHGJd:LOPRN LRQ S"$ LRe D bZ abLRD
XbS]IF\^LRDlS]D `-a[LRZbIFLRZbS]D>IHGJVbIHGJDFGlX?KYLR\ LRD P abIHˆTLRD>ZbG X‹u ˆ]GldZ[L< abXgPRN LTQ S = & & $ G LTD
P B:$ I P ab X GJIJGlo X P B:LRDIFGJVWIFGJDHGJX?KYLT\ LTD P abIHˆTLRDZbG X u ˆRGJdŒZ[L< abXgPTN LRQ S+XbSRIF\^L Gla P dEB:ZbB:LRX[LWq =


& & 


0.5

−0.5

−1

‰gBEi]abIFL (  # "GJd:S P EB Z[LRZbG ZWG P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:L %  ,  ZbGJVrGJXbZWGZ[L>XbS]IH\L


−1.5 −1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5

Ž DFGli]abBEX-KFG^G „GJ\Vbd:S \^SRDHKMIFL L DHBEKMabLOPRN LRQ S IFG P  u VbIFS P LW—ab\^L DFGJ`-a‹Glo X P B:L `-abG P S]Xzv
ˆ]GJIHi]G P S]\ ˆ]GJdES P B:Z[LTZbG %  ,  XbL XbSRIF\^LCGJa P d:B:ZWBcLRX[LqR\^LRDX LRQ S P SR\ˆ]Gld:S P B:ZbLRZbG %  , 
X[L XbS]IF\^L ZbS>\'L u „WBE\^SW
$<5   >  5  , 3  "J$  & S 11   

$   5 (  (     $   5  ( (    

¡ ¡ ¡  ¡
" &
!, 4  #(   ¢ ¢  !4 5 311('%  , *, , &    313, =  ', ( !
4 5 311( %  ,  -,., & 1(   $  @
           (@
 Gl\^S]DŒ`-abG
" & 
(
$  5 "  & "  & 5 " ¡ & ( 5 (  ( 5
 ( 

& $  & #
       
¡   ¡ 
¡  £;
" (  & " ( & +
 
& & 
¡  ¡ 
¡ ¡
$  "  ( &  " ( &
 5 ¡ 5 ¡ 5 ¡
& $  & 5 ¡ 
("  &  " ( & (  " ¡ "   & & (  # £
      








¡  
&  & 
  
¡  ¡

¡
GJXb`-a[LRX?KFS^`-abG E$  ( ( 
$  5 ;¡ 5 N
& $   &
 

E$ (  (  (

¡ 
& &


¡ ;¡ "J$  &
™‰gB:i]aWIML (  £ \S]DHKFIML}L KMIML H GlKŠSRu IFBcL Z[L}DFGl`-aGJo X P BcL GJ\ $ IHGJd:LOPRN LRQ S"$ LRe D ZbabLRD
XbS]IF\^LRDlS]D `-a[LRZbIFLRZbS]D>IHGJVbIHGJDFGlX?KYLR\ LRD P abIHˆTLRD>ZbG X‹u ˆ]GldZ[L< abXgPRN LTQ S = & & $ G LTD
P B:$ I P abX GJIJGlo X P B:LRDIFGJVWIFGJDHGJX?KYLT\ LTD P abIHˆTLRDZbG X u ˆRGJdŒZ[L< abXgPTN LRQ S+XbSRIF\^L Gla P dEB:ZbB:LRX[LWq =


& &  


1.5

0.5

−0.5

−1

‰gBEi]abIFL (  £ "GJd:S P EB Z[LRZbG WZ G P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:L


−1.5
−1.5 −1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5

%  ,  ZbGJVrGJXbZWGZ[L>XbS]IH\L


           (=2
"J$  & "%$  &
  #       6 
 5 $[  S  , 3    @ 3 9  5   !, 4  #( %
    &  , &  , +      , +  5 
$  L $[ 5 N " &
 d: B:\  & & $ 

L $[ & ¢
& ( -,
" N & $ $[
™š`-abB VrSZbGl\^SRDKYLR\ f GJu \UVWIFS ˆTLRIŒ`zaWGL>IFGldcLOPTN LRQ S ( , BE\^VWd:B P L = 
"%$  & $  5 $ "0L 8&
$<5   '  5  , 3

 11   ,  ! !, 4  #( ! 4 5 311(
%     & ,     
 Gl\^S]DŒ`-abG
$ L $ [ 5 $ "L "  & & 5
& $ L $ [ & U ,  $ "0! L (& U $ "L L L  & 5 $ 0" L L &ON


&  ( ,  ¡! (
  

& U,  ! U

,  ! ¡! !
 S]\^LRXbZWSS>dEB:\BEKMG‡`-a[LRXbZWS ! = 8
$ L $[


5 $ "0L L &@5 N
 d:BE\  & $  L $ [ &  d: B:\  (


& & ,  ¡! ¢

"%$  & $
™‰ :B i]abIFL (  @ B:dEabDHKFIML>L^DHGJ`-a‹GJo X P BcL GJ\ KFIJGlo DšDFB KMa[LrPRN S]Q GlDJqrXbS]D‡VbdcLRXWS]D !   
! ,    ,  G ,   ,     "%$  &
™2ˆ]GJdES P B:Z[LTZbGŸZbG P S]X?ˆRGJIFibGJo X P BcLZbL DHGJ`-a‹GJo X P BcL VOSzZbGŒDFGlI LTB:XbZ[L \^LRB:DgI[LRu VbBEZ[LW
ACG [XbBE\^SRDGJX?K LTQ Sb
"%$  & $[
  #       6 
  5  , 3    !, 4  #( , + 0 @  4 5 311(*1(

!, 4   #  , 32*%  1  +  = 5 
$  L $[ :
& $  L $ [ &


& &

 ;
"
  + 1( !    , +    , +  #,1( = ,1(    !,  + , +   5 + 4 = , ( , !!!!%
 3  , +    ,    @
nm S]\ S ˆzB:\S]DlqnX[LRDZbG [XbBHPTN S]Q GJDL P BE\Lq˜ˆRGJd:S P BEZ[LRZbG ZbG P S]X?ˆRGJIFibGJo X P BcL+ZbS KMBEVOS 
ZbGJVrGJXbZWGŸZbG GZWG ~X?KMIFGyKYLRX?KFSbq?B:XbZWGJVrGJXbZbGlX?KMGJ\GJX?KFG|ZbGlDHKFGJD ˆTLRd:SRIFGJDlq]ab\^LCDFGl`za‹GJo X P BcL


P S]X?ˆ]GlIFi]GlX?KMG P S]\8ˆRGJd:S P BEZ[LRZbG %  1  +  IFGJLRd:\GJX?KMG P S]X?ˆ]GlIFi]G˜\LTB:DI[LTu VbB:ZbSŸZWS|`-abG˜ab\^L


DFGJ`-a‹Glo X P B:L P S]\Uˆ]Gld:S P BEZ[LRZbG %  ,  
           (+
0.5 0.05

0.4 0.04
ek+1
ek
0.03
xk0.3

0.2 0.02

0.1 0.01

0 0
0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20
k k
0.4

e
k+1

0.2

‰ B:i]abIFL (  @ "GJdES P :B Z[LRZWGCZbG P S]X?ˆRGJIFibGJo X P BcLW


0 0.2 ek 0.4

%     & , 


"J$  & $ 5
$<5   
   5   , 3
 11   ¢<; £ = !, 4  #(! 4 5 311( %
  1  +     
 Gl\^S]DŒ`-abG $
& $  L L $ [ $[ & 5 U ¢<; £ U 5 U ¢<; £ U 5 ( N
  

& 
 

$ &  L U $¢<[;Y£ U U ¢<; £ U


    

5 :
( qWKMLRd`-abG & & $ "%$    L & $ [ & &

™šDFDHB:\ qbGy„BEDHKMG 
 $
™'‰gBEi]abIML (  2 B:dEabDHKFIML‡LšDFGl`za‹GJo X P BcL GJ\1KMIJGJo D DHBEKFa[LOPRN SRQ GJDJqRXbS]D Vbd:LRXbS]D !    !  ,    , 
 

G ,  ,  " &


s SzZbGJ\S]DZbG [XbB:IS]aKMIMLTDˆRGJdES P B:Z[LRZWGJDZbG P S]X?ˆRGJIFibGJo X P BcL P bua fbB P L q-`-aŒLRu I KMB P LWq?GlK P q
\LRDX LRQ S$G^u abDFabLRdGJ\SRKFB:\B:“”LrPRN LRQ S LRdEi]S]IFB KM\S]D P SR\ˆRGJd:S P BEZ[LRZbG^DFabVrGJIHB:" S]I ) Le `-& a[LRZbIbLTu KMB P LW
~\i]GlIMLRd q]ZbB:“lGJ\S]Dg`-abG‡L|ˆRGJdES P B:Z[LRZWGZbG P SRX-ˆRGJIHi[GJo X P BcL  Gu ZbGŸS]IHZbGJ\   ( q]DFGŸG „B:DHKFG
ab\L P S]XbDHKMLRX?KMG—VrS]DFB KMBEˆTL qbKMLRd`-abGR
&  L $ [ &


$ : " &
$L $[


& &C  ; ( #
V[LRIML KFSZbS !DFa  P BEGJX?KMGl\^GlX-KFGi]IFLRXbZbG—G ZbGlXbSRKMLRIFGl\^S]DŒVrS]I % 1(   
           (.
0.25 0.25

0.2 e 0.2
x k+1
k e
k
0.15 0.15

0.1 0.1

0.05 0.05

0 0
0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20
k k
0.25

0.2

0.15
ek+1
0.1

0.05

0
0 0.05 0.1 ek 0.15 0.2 0.25

‰gBEi]abIML (  2 "Gld:S P BEZ[LRZbGCZWG P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:LW %  1  + 

Ž -f ˆzB:LR\^GlX?KMGRq`-a[LTd:`-abGJI DHGJ`-a‹Glo X P B:L `-abG P S]X?ˆ]GlIFi]G P S]\ˆRGJdES P B:Z[LRZWG % 1(   q


KYLR\ f GJu \ P S]X?ˆRGJIFiRG P S]\jˆ]Gld:S P B:ZbLRZbG %     & ,  qOG`zabLRd:`-abGlICDFGl`za‹GJo X P BcL`-abG P S]X?ˆ]GJIHi]G
P S]\ˆRGJdES P B:Z[LR"%ZW$ G  & %     & ,  q]KYLR\$[ fnGJu \ P S]X?ˆ]GlIFi]G P S]\ˆRGJdES P B:Z[LRZWG %  ,   ACGŸ‘LTKMSb) q?DHG
LDFGJ`-a‹Glo X P $ B:L  L $ P [ S]X?ˆ]: GlIFi]G>V[LTIML P S]\ $ ˆ]Gld:S P B:ZbLRZbG % 1(   q‹GJX?K LTQ S G „B:DHKFG ¢q
KYLRd‹`-abG & & $   L $ [ & C &


q[V[LRIFL>KFSZbS ! !  GTq[VOSzZbGl\^S]DŸGlD P IFGlˆRGJI




: & $ $   \
L\$[ : 
$ L $ [ N
¢ & L $[&&

 & &C
 S]\^LRXbZWSS>dEB:\BEKMG‡`-a[LRXbZWS ! =



: $ L $[ :
\ $ L $ [ N " &
 dE B:\  & & $ 


¢ L\$ [ &  :d B:\


&  
 & &C

( £
5 $L $[ $  $[
ACGJXbSR KFGJ\S]D   & L ) &CGRq P S]\SVOS]IŒ€bBEVŒSRu KFGJDFG [q KFGJ\S]D   = ¢ Ÿs SRIHKY" LTX-KF& S
=
  C = ¢ q˜VOS]BED 
 

( ¢  ™šDFDHB:\ qnLTVbd:B P LRXbZWS<S KFGJS]IHGJ\^L<ZbS P S]XW IHS]X?KMS GJ\ (  £ q


           ¡T¢
S]fWKMGl\^SRDJ $ 
L $ [ 5 " &
 d:B:\  & & $  L $ [ & & <¢ ;


( @
"%$  & 
S]a DFG FLqŠLDHGJ`-a‹GJo X P BcL " KYLR\ & f GJu \ P S]X?ˆ]GJIHi]G P S]\UˆRGJdES P B:Z[ LRZWG 5 %   $    &  ,L $[ 
š™ i]S]IF LWq|5 LRDFDHab\^BE\^SRD`-abG ( )  @ DFG<ˆRGJIFB  P L S G ZbGlXbSRKMGl\^SRD  L : & & $  L $ [ & &  ™š$ DHDFBE\ q
 dE B:\   ¢ qOGlX-SVK LRQ " SZbLR& ZbS  ¢ G „B:DHKFG !  Œq KYLTd`-abG U  ¢ U šV[LRIFLKFSZbS ! !  
~D P S]dE€bGJXWZbS  <¢ ;( qWKMGl\^S]DŸ`-abG
$ 
L $ [ 5  L :
& $ L $ [ & U  ¢ U ;


& &
$
[V LRIMLKFSZWS ! !  +mnS]\’B:DHKFSbqS]fWKFGJ\S]D `-abG`-a[LRdE`-abGJI DHGJ`-a‹GJo X P BcL<`-abG P SRX-ˆRGJIHi]G P S]\
ˆ]GJdES P B:Z[LTZbG %     & ,  qWKMLR\ f Glu \ P SRX-ˆRGJIHi]G P S]\ ˆRGJd:S P BEZ[LRZbG %  ,  
™ƒL [IF\^LOPRN LTQ S|IHG P u VbIFS P L‡X LRQ S G u ˆ]GlIFZ[LTZbGJBEIMLW ™DHGJ`-a‹GJo X P BcL|ZbS ~g„GJ\Vbd:S ( P S]X?ˆ]GJIHi]G
P S]\ ˆRGJd:S P BEZ[LRZbG %  ,  q\LRD—X LTQ S P S]X?ˆ]GJIHi]G P S]\ ˆ]Gld:S P B:ZbLRZbG %     & ,  qab\Lˆ]Gl“
`zaWG Sd:BE\^B KMG $   L $[ 5 
 d: BE\  & & $  L $ [ & &  d: B:\  <¢ <¢ ; £; £  5 <¢ ; Z£ ;


$  5 (
Gu ZbBE GlIFGJX?KFG ZWG “lGJIHSb}~Xb`-a[LRX?KMS `-abG L DHGJ`-a‹Glo X P B:L ! P S]X?ˆRGJ" IFiRG ) V[LTIM& L<“JGlIFS P S]\
ˆ]GJdES P B:Z[LTZbG %  5    ,  q‡\LTDX LRQ S P S]\ ˆ]Gld:S P B:ZbLRZbG % 1(    (  ACG@‘L KMSbq
P S]X?ˆ]GlIFi]G DFaWVOGlIFd:BEXbG”LTIF\GJX?KMG V[LTIML>“JGJIHSbq[ab\^Lˆ]Gl“`-abG S>d:B:\BEKFG
$ L $ [ 5 
$ 
 d: BE\  & &  L $ [ & &  Ed  B:\  " !  ( 8& ! " !  ( & 


G u “lGJIHSb˜s S]IzGJu \ L IMLT“ LRQ S


$ L $ [ 5 " &
& $  L $[ & "  !& " C  & 
& 


&C ! ( ! (
)
X RLQ S G—u d:B:\BEKMLRZ[L VOS]IŸXWGJXb€-ab\^L P S]XbD KYLRX?KMG ¢ qbBEDHKMS GTu qbKMGJXWZbG LBEX[XbB KMSb


™ˆ]Gld:S P BEZ[LRZbGZbG P S]X?ˆ]GJIHibGJo X P BcLZbG$ ab\5 LDFGl`za‹GJo X P BcLVOSzZbGDFGJICLRB:XbZbL^\^LRB:D‡d:GlX-KML


`zaWGšL %  ,  gs S]I˜Gy„Gl\^VbdESbqzLDHGJ`-a‹GJo X P BcL  ( ! P S]X?ˆRGJIFiRGCV[LRIFL “lGJIFSWq\^LRDX LRQ S P S]\
ˆ]GJdES P B:Z[LTZbG %  ,  qbab\^Lˆ]GJ“ `-abG S`-abS P BEGJX?KMG
$ L $[ 5
& $  L $[ & !
& 


& ! (;
           ¡<(
KMGJXWZbGL ( g{‡TGJS DHKFG " P LTDF&Sbq]ZWB:“JGl\^SRD " `-abGn& L|ˆ]Gld:S P B:ZbLRZbG˜ZbG P S]X?ˆ]GJIHibGJo X P BcL $ G u 5 %  &% ,  gmnS]\S
X LRQ S Gy„B:D KMG ¢<;( KYLRdg`zaWG (  ¡ DFG FL DML KMB:D  GJB KYLWq LDFGl`-aGJo X P BcL ( ! P S]X?ˆ]GlIFi]G^L
“JGJIHS^\abBEKFS d:GJX?KMLR\^GlX?KMGR "%$  & $
™‰ B:i]abIFL ( - +B:dEabDHKFIML>L^DHGJ`-a‹GJo X P BcL GJ\ KFIJGlo DšDFB KMa[LrPRN S]Q GlDJqrXbS]D‡VbdcLRXWS]D !  
 
! ,  , G ,  ,  
   


1 1

0.8 0.8
ek+1
e
0.6 k 0.6
x
k
0.4 0.4

0.2 0.2

0 0
0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20
k k
1

0.8

0.6
ek+1
0.4

0.2

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

‰gB:iRabIML (  +W"Gld:S P B:ZbLRZbGCZbG P S]X?ˆ]GJIHibGJo X P BcL %   % , 


ek

J" $  &
 a[LRXbZbS P SRXb€bG P GJ\S]DLˆRGJdES P B:Z[LRZWGZWG P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:L ZbG>ab\^LDFGJ`-a‹Glo X P B:L "  & q
VOSzZbGJ\S]DZWGlKMGlIF\B:X[LTIL "J$ ˆ] Gl& d:S P B:ZbLRZbG@ZbG P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:L ZbG<aW\L+SRaWKMIFL}DHGJ`-a‹Glo X P B:L  q
ZbG [XWB:Z[L GJ\  abXgPRN LTQ S^ZbG q P S]\S \^S]D KMIFL>S>DHGJi]abBEX?KMG—KMGJSRIFGJ\^LW
"J$  & $[
    <5    6   (  .5  , 3    5 !$ ,  4  #( [>, 5+ * $[    = ?
  " &


    (  , .,   + 4 @ ,  31(      @   !


5 #, + ! ( 4  11(   
 @ 6 
$
=
$[ 
! 4 5 311( %  1  +  =  , + ( 
 = 
[
! 4 5 311( %
 1  + )
      !#"%$&#')*
( ,+-./0, 1234.
 56798-./;:<>= 1?.@ BA4C  D3FE#DHGI:DE#DJ @
./7K7EML "BN
           ¡R¡
@ 6
$  =
$[
! 4 5 311( %  5    ,  =  , + ( 
 = 
[
! 4 5 311( %
    & ,  @
" &  !   )
s SRI‡€WB:VŒSRu KFGJDHG G „B:DHKFG ¢ qWKYLRd`-abG
&  L $[ &
 

$ :
$L $[


& &

 ;
V[LRIML KFSZbS !
$ !    Gl\^SRD‡`-abGT
&   L  [ & 5 &  $ $    L L  $ [ $[ & 5 &  %" %" $ $    L L $ [ $& [ & & : & &?"J& $ $   L $ L [ & $[ & N
&  L  [ &
   

&  & &


   
& & &
mnS]\^S}L : LRVbdEB P LOPRN LRQ S+d:B:XWG”LRI  $T S = ? G<u B:XHGlKMB ˆTLWqŒGJX?K LRQ S Gy„BEDHKMG
)
¢ q|KYLTdC`-abG
( $   ( $  V[LRIFL KFSZWS ‹™|DFDFBE\ 
& & & &
&   DL  [ & : &  &?& $   L $ [ & : &  &?& $   L $ [ & : & & N
&  L  [ & &  "J$  L $ [ & & $L $[
  

    
& & 

 5 &  & )  [
 S]\^LRXbZWS  ¢ qbKMGl\^S]DŸ`-abG  =  P S]\ ˆ]GJdES P B:Z[LTZbG %  1  +  



" &
s SRI‡€WB:VŒSRu KFGJDHG $  L $[ 5 N
 d: B:\  & & $ 

L $[ & ¢
" & &
™šX[LRdES]i?LR\GJX?KFG LRS>BEKFGJ\ qbKFGJ\S]DJ
: &    DL L  [ [ & : & C&?& $ $    L $ L [ $ [ & N


 

¢ &  & & &


 S]\^LRXbZWSS>dEB:\BEKMG‡`-a[LRXbZWS ! = G LRVbd:B P LRXWZbS S GlS]IFGl\L ZbS P S]X IFS]X?KMSWqbS]fWKFGJ\S]DJ
 L  [& 5 N


 d: BE\  &   L  [ & ¢



& 
 [
s S]I KYLRX?KMSWq  =  P S]\ ˆRGJd:S P BEZ[LRZbG %  5  & ,   D
$  $[ Ž \^GlDF\SLRIFiRab\^GlX?KMSZbSGJSRIFGJ\^L  (  +X LTQ [ S'Gu DFa  P BEGJX?KMG V[LTIMLi?LTIMLRX?KMBEIš`-abG DHG
= P SR\ˆ]Gld:S P BEZ[LRZbG %  ,  q‹GlX?K LRQ S  =  KMLR\ f Glu \ P SR\ˆ]Gld:S P BEZ[LRZbG %  ,  
           ¡,
" & "%$  &
ACGC‘LTKMSbqWDFG (  ¡ GCu ˆnLRu d:BEZ[L V[LRIFL>LDHGJ`-a‹GJo X P cB L qWKFGJ\S]D
 DL [ : $ L $[ :
&    $   L $ [ & & C&  ;
 
L [ & & C ?
& &
&  & ?& &
`zaWG DHGJIbLu \GJXbSRIŸ`zaWG ( DFGTqŠG DHS]\GJX?KMG—DFGTq & C& ( 
:
Ž Gy„Gl\^VbdESƒL}DFGli]abBEI \S]DHKFIML ab\^L " DHGJ`-&a‹Glo X P B:L`-abG P S]X?ˆ]GlIFi]G V[LRIML}“JGlIFS P S]\
ˆ]GJdES P B:Z[LTZbG %  ,  qb\LTDŸSdEB:\BEKFG|Z[L>IMLT“ LRQ S (  ¡ X LRQ S>Gy„B:D KMGR
"%$  &
 $<5    6  5  , 3
 1(#" , 31  
$ 
5 $ 
 <¢ ;Y¡ $  5 !    ; N
¢<; (

5 !     
Ž \GJXbS]IˆTLRdES]IV[LTIMLL>IFLR“ LTQ SZWG P ]S X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:L}G u ¢<;(  ACG—‘L KMSbqWKFGJ\S]DŸV[LRIFL
$ L $[ 5 $  5 $ 5
!V[LRIJ & $   L $ [ & $  <¢ ; $ ¡  ¢<; ¡ G—V[LRIML
& &
L $[ 5 $ 5 $ 5 N
$
!  u \V[LRIJ & L $[ &
& $ 
$  <¢ ;$ (  <¢ ;(
 

&
$  L\$[
Ž fWDFGJI ˆ]G `-abGX LRQ S>Gy„B:D KMGƒ dEB:\  & & $   L\$ [ & & q[\LRD



$ L $[ 5 N
 d:B:\  DFabV & & $  L $ [ & & ¢<Y; ¡



Š‰ LRIFGl\^S]DŸGlX?K LRQ Sab\^L>SRaWKMIFLZbG [XbB PRN LRQ SZbG ˆ]Gld:S P B:ZbLRZbG ZbG P S]X?ˆRGJIFibGJo X P BcL %  ,  q
L>`-a[LTdGJ`-abBEˆTLRdEGL>e ACG [XbB PRN LRQ S (  £ 
"%$  &
 A   #      
 
 5   , 3 !, 4  #(  , &  , +  ! +  
1( !, 4  #  , 3
( 5 = 5  , + -5 =   5 3N
 d: BE\  HD abV , 
, 

5 "J$  & 5 $  L $ [
Ž fWDFGJI ˆTLORP N LRQ SW ,  , & & Gu S<GJIHIFS P S]\GlKMBEZbSXbLBEKFGJIMLrPRN LRQ S ! ]S XbZbG &! &
ZbGJXbSTKYL>ab\L XWS]IF\^L `zabLRd:`-abGlI‡Gl\ ‹
           ¡#
™šX[LTd:S]i?LT\^GlX-KFGRq‡ˆRLT\^S]DIHGl‘LR“lGJI LRD ZbG bXb BHPTN S]Q GJD ZbG<ˆ]Gld:S P B:ZbLRZbG %     & ,  G
%  1  +  qŠLRDŒ`zabLRB:DŒKYLR\fnGJu \ D LRQ SGl`-abBEˆTLRdEGJX?KMGlD LTe DšACG [XbBHPTN S]Q GJD (  @ G (  2 q[IHGJDFVrG P KMB ˆRL v
\^GlX-KFGR
"J$  &
  #         5  , 3  !, 4  #(    & , &  , + 5 = -5  , + 5 =
 5 N
 d: BE\  ,
FD abV  ¢


,
"J$  &
  #       5  ,
 3 !, 4  #(  1 +   , +  5 = -5  , +  5 =
 A  N
 dE B:\  DFabV , 
, 



" &
™iRGJXbGlIMLRdEB:“”LrPRN LRQ S ZbGlDH"%KY$ LTD^& ZbG [XbB PRN S]Q GlD $  G u GJ`-ab$ BE[ ˆTLRdEGJX?KMG L e (  # L S]IFZWGJ\ ZbG S P S]Xzv
ˆ]GJIHibGJo X P BcL ZWG ab\LDFGJ`-a‹Glo X P B:L qWKYLTdO`-abG = qnGCu S DFaWVbIFGl\^S ZbSRDXCbua \GJIFSRD  ‡q
KYLRBEDŸ`zaWGR $ L $[ A  N " &
 d: BE\  DHabV & $   L $ [ & C &

&  ( 2
AC" B  P B:d:\GJX?KFG & GlX P SRX-KFIMLRIHGJ\S]D<DFGl`-aGJo X P BcLRD P S]\ S]IFZbGl\ ZWG P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:L'DFabVrGJIHB:S]I@L ¡
-` a[LRZbIbLTu KMB P L GJ\VbIFSRi]IMLR\^LOPTN LRQ SX LTQ S@d:BEXbG”LRIl Ž \}Gyu KMSzZbSZWG{|G ŸKMS]X}V[LRIFLS@VbIHS]fbdEGJ\^L
B:IFIHGJD KMIFB KMS KMGJ\ P SRX-ˆRGJIHi[GJo X P BcL `-a[LRZbIbLTu KMB P LDHS]f P GJIHKMLRDŸ€bBEVŒSRu KMGlDFGlDJqbGlXb`-a[LRX?KMS `-abG S \ Glu KFSZWS
ZbGmLR" a P € ' KMGl\ P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo &X P B:L<LRVOGlX[LRDd:B:XWG”LRI—GRq  IFGJ`-abGlX?KMGJ\GJX?KFGRq P SR\IFLR“ LTQ S@VbI[S u „WBE\L
ZbG ( P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:L dEGJX?KYL  ™ \^LRB:S]IHBcL ZbS]D>LRdEi]S]IHBEKM\S]D—G  P B:GlX?KMGJD XbL@VbI[LTu KFB P L@Gy„B:frGJ\
P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:L^DHabVOGlIFdEB:XbGJLRIJ
      (  
š™ D ZbG [XbB PRN S]Q GlDCZbGJD KMG KMBEVOS^ZbG P RS X-ˆRGJIHi[GJo X P BcL  [f LRDFGlBcLR\ vžDHGGl\ |{ S P GlZ[LRd qO• IFB:iR€-K
¡ ,3p " &
†|\ SRaWKMIHSKMB:VrSZbG P SRX-" ˆRGJIH& i[GJo X P BcLWq P LRIML P KMGlIFB:“JLRZbS VrGJd:SVWIFG „WS %) ZWGIFLRB:“ q
P S]\V[LRIFL LDHGJ`-a‹GJo X P BcL>ZbG GJIHIFS]D ,  q*bL u ZbG [XbBEZ[L P S]\S
5 %" $)&@5 $ L $ [
, , & &;
" &
P S]\)aW\L DFGl`za‹GJo X P BcL+ZbG GlD P LTdcLRIHGJDX LRQ S XbGJi?L KMBEˆRS]D  q `-abG P S]X?ˆ]GlIFi]G V[LRIML “JGlIFS P S]\
LRd:i]aW\LSRIFZbGl\ ZbG P S]X?ˆRGJIFibGJo X P BcL^ZWSKFB:VrS  ™šDFDHB:\ qbZbG [XbB:\S]Dl
  . JA4C  8   8 C    =1734.
      = N

    
           ¡R£
"%$  &
  #       3  4 5 311( 1(!, 4   #  , " 3 & 15  , 3
     &%  ,  = 5  $ + 
 
5  , 3 1('!5  ! , ( ,  # + 45 = +   
"J$  X& :
, ;
S " &
  + 1( !   !, 4  #(   9   ! 4 5 311( %  ,  @
" & " &
ACB:“yv DFG `-abG L DFGl`za‹GJo X P BcL , G u bZ S]\B:XbLRZ[L VrS]I  
s S]IŒG „WGl\^VWd:Sbq[L DHGJ`-a‹GJo X P BcL
$  5 (  " ¢<; £ &  DFG ' " &
! G u VbLRI
(
FD G !'G>u  u \^V[LTI ( - +
" &
P S]X?ˆ]GlIFi]G>V[LT" IML ( & P S]\ˆRGJd:S P BEZ[LRZbG  %  ,  qOVOS]IH`-abG>LDFGl`za‹GJo X P BcL , G u ZbS]\B:X[LTZ[L^VrGJd:L
DFGJ`-a‹Glo X P B:L ¢<; £ qC`-abG P SRX-ˆRGJIHi]G VbLRIML}“JGlIFS P S]\ ˆRGJd:S P BEZ[LRZbG %  ,  h{|STKMG `-abG SRD
VbIFBE\^GlB:IFSRD^KMGlIF\S]DZ[L DHGJ`-a‹Glo X P B:L D LRQ S ¡  (  ( q ¡]£  (  ( q A¢ @?¡R£  GlK P  Ž GJIHIFS IFGJLRd:\GJX?KFG
LRab\GJX?KYLZbG>ab\^LBEKFGJIFLO"%PR$N LRQ S<& 5u \^VbLR$ IšV[L LTIM$L[ ab\^LV[LRIJ"%$ACG & ‘5 LTKMSWq‹S "%GJ$ IFIH& S 5 P S]\GlKF"JB:$ZbS& Gl5 \ P LTZ[L
BEKM"%Gl$ IMLO& PTN LRQ 5 S2G u Z[LRZb"%$S Vr&\S]5I ,  &  & qLRDHDFB:\ ,  ( q ,  ¢ q ,  Z¢ ; ¡]£ q
,  ¢q , <¢ ;YA¢ @?¡R£ qšGyK P UgLRd P S]\^VrS]I KYLR\GJX?KMS}S P S]IHIFG `-a[LRXbZWS'L KYL „WLZWG
P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:L &%  ,  Gu LRIHfbBEKFIMLRIHBcLR\GJX?KMG>LTdEKYLqg\^LRDX LRQ SS P S]IHIFG^V[LRIML P S]X?ˆRGJIFibGJo X P BcL %
 ,  S]XbZWG S>GlIFIFS>ZbG P IHGJD P G L P LRZbL>B KMGlIMLOPTN LRQ S>V[LRIML !DFa  P B:GlX?KMGJ\GJX?KFGi]IFLRXbZbGT
Ž ‘LTKMS ZWGCab\^LDFGl`-aGJo X P BcL P SRX-ˆRGJIHi]B:I P S]\_ˆ]Gld:S P B:ZbLRZbG &%  ,  X LTQ S i?LRIFLRX?KMGCDHa[L
P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:L P S]\)ˆ]Gld:S P B:ZbLRZbG %  ,   Ž DHGJi]abBEX?KMG Gy„GJ\Vbd:S  S]BŸGldcLRfrS]IMLTZbS VOS]I>XŒSRu D
V[LRIML BEd:abD KMIMLTIGJD KYL>DFBEKFa[LOPTN LRQ Sb
"J$  &
$<5     
 5  , 3 = 1(#" , 31 !  
$   5  ( ( 
# # 

$  5 ( L (  ;
# #
 

!, 4  #(  %9 ! ! 4 5 311(-&%  ,  =   , ( ! 4 5 311( %  ,  @
 Gl\^S]Dl
$  5 #  L ( 5 #  L ( N
$ 

# #  ( #   ( = (


#
 

           ¡B@
~XW`zabLRX?KMS`-abGT
$  5 (  (  A (  ( 5 ¡ 5 ( G
# # # #
     
¡ ¡
$  5 ( L (  A ( 5 ( N
# # #
  
¡
 S]\^LRXbZWS& 
5 (  qbKMGl\^SRD
¡
    5 ¡  ( 5 
( ! ¡  5 ( ;
 ( ¡ ¡ ( ¡
¡
S " &
V[LRIML>KMSzZbS! ‡™šDHDFB:\ qrGy„B:D KMGaW\LDFGJ`-a‹Glo X P B:LZbG GlD P LTdcLRIHGJDšX RLQ SXbGli?LTKMB ˆ]S]D   `-abG
P S]X?ˆ]GlIFi]G V[LRIFL “JGJIHS P S]\UˆRGJd:S P BEZ[LRZbG %  ,  qWKMLRd‹`-abG
"%$  &@5 $  L $ [ : S N
, & &  V[LRIML KMSzZbS ! 
"%$  &
s S]I KYLRX?KMSWqŠL ˆRGJdES P B:Z[LRZWG ZbG P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:L^Z[L DHGJ`-a‹GJo X P BcL G u &%  ,  
™šX[LTd:S]i?LT\^GlX-KFGLTS KMBEVOS ZbG P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:L  qZbG [XbB:IHGJ\S]D^ˆRGJdES P B:Z[LRZWG bZ G P S]Xzv
ˆ]GJIHibGJo X P BcL &%     & ,  G &%  1  +  
"%$  & $[
  #      >  6  %" $   & *5  , 3  !, 4  #( , +  @  4 5 311(1(

!, 4  #  , 3 1" 05&   , 3
   &%  5  & ,  = 5   $ + ( *5  , 301( !5  ! 
, ( ,  # + 45 = +    "J$)&X:
S " & , ;
  + 1( !    !, 4  #(  %9 ! ! 4 5 311( %  5    ,  @
  #       ' 6  "%$  & "J$   & *5  , 3   !, 4  #( , +  $ [ @  4 5 311(1(

!, 4  #   , 3 1" '5&   , 3 - &%  1  +  = 5  $ + - 05  , 3 1(*!5  !

, ( ,  # + 45  = +    "J$)&X:
S " & , ;
  + 1( !    !, 4  #(  %9 ! ! 4 5 311( %  1  +  @
Ž WV I[STu „B:\S>KMGJSRIFGJ\^LIHGJdcL P B:SRX[L>ˆRGJdES P B:Z[LRZWGZbG P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:LZbSKFB:VrS  P SR\jˆRGJdES P B:Z[LRZWG
bZ G P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:L^ZbS KFB:VrS  
           ¡/2
 [  5  < 5 "J$ [ &  
  6 

 E= @? (  (  5 5( + 93, = ! 
 5R "%$  &

 @  !  =
"%$  & $[
 @ 5"   & 5   , 3 ![ , 4  #(   ! 4 5 311( %  ,  =  , + ( 5  , 3
 !, 4  #(    ! 4 5 311(-&%  ,  )
"%$  & $[
@ 5  
5  " , 3& !, 4   #(* [  ! 4 5 311(  %     & ,  =  , + (

5  , 3  !, 4  #(    ! 4 5 311(-&%  5    ,  )
"J$  & $[
@ 5 5  " ,  3& !, 4  #(.[  ! 4 5 311( %  1  +  =  , + (
5  , 3  !, 4  #(    ! 4 5 311(-&%  1  +  @
 !  )
@ s SRI‡€WB:VŒSRu KFGJDHGRq P SR\^S G u  5 5( + 93, qWG „B:DHKFG  ¢ KYLRd `zaWG
 "%$# & L  "%$ [ & : $ L $ [


& &  & &;


$ S 5 $L $[
V[LRIML KFSZbS ACG [XbBEXbZbS   & & qbKFGJ\S]D
& L [ & :   N
 
" &
s S]I€bBEVŒSRu KFGJDFGT"q-LC &DFGl`za‹GJo X P BcL  P S]X?[ ˆ]GlIFi]G P S]\1ˆ]Gld:S P BEZ[LRZbG %  ,  V[LRIFLC“JGlIFSbsS]IHKMLRX?KMSbq
L>DHGJ`-a‹Glo X B:L  S]X?ˆ]GlIFi]G V[LRIFL  S]\ ˆ]GJdES B:Z[LTZbG &%  ,  
P P P " &P " &
CA G \^SzZbS>LRXŒLTu d:S]i]SWqWZbGl\^S]XWDHKMIFL vžDHG—S]DŒBEKMGlXbD G  D

     (   

" "%$  & & |{ GlDHKMGKFB:VrS<ZbG P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:LWqnZWGlˆzB:ZbS L nGlIHKMDHG LRD ¡ q VŸLRu ib @$# pq˜L<DFGl`za‹GJo X P BcL
, bL u ZbG [XbB:ZbL P S]\^S "%$3& 5  5 $ L $ [
, , & &
G u P ]S \V[LRIMLTZ[L P S]\ L>VWIFS]i]IHGJDHD LRQ Si]GJSR\}Gyu KMIFB P L
 5 NNN
 ; ! ¢<;(; ;
SM" &
S]XbZbG ¢<; ( ™šDHDFBE\ qbZWG [XbBE\^SRDJ
           ¡+
" "J$  & &
  #     )    
 SM5"   & , 3 , !, 4  #(  S , &  , + ' #(!  +    , +  = 5
 $ +    ¢   (
¢<; = +       +  1( ! 
"J$  X& : N
, 
™0ACG [XbB PRN LRQ S (  . B:\Vbd:B P LšXWGJDHKML}bua d KMBE\L‡ZbG [XWBHPRN LTQ SZbG P S]X?ˆ]GJIHibGJo X P BcL d:BEXbG”LRIlq]DFGli]abXbZWSnGlIHK v
DFG LRDl˜ACG—‘L KMSbqbVrGJd:L ACG [XWBHPRN LTQ S ( -.WqKMGJ\S]DŒ`-abGR
 : A N
 d: BE\  DHabV , 
,
 (
S " &  : $ S
‚G FL :  ;( |~X-K LRQ SbqOGy„: B:D KMG  !"  Œ& q KMLRd`zaWG ,  $ q [V LTIML^KFSZbS ! ! š™šDHDFBE\ q

 

,   C 5 C E,   $ q[Q S]a, DFG FL5 q ,  N N N  ,   qbV[LTIML : KMSzZbS ! ! 


,
5 NNN


‚G FL  2 ; * (; ; ! Y  ™šDHDFBE\ q , 2  2 q V[LRIFL KMzS ZbS * (; ; ! qgGV[LRIFL


 

$! ! qŠKMGl\^SRD  2 :   ,    :  z k LRD LL*bIF\^LON LRS^IFG u VWIFS L^X LRSGu ˆRGJIFZbLRZbGJBEIMLW



,  PRQ P  P Q
s zS ZbGJ\S]D KFGJI DFGJ`-a‹Glo X P B:LRD`-abG P S]X?ˆ]GJIHi]GJ\ P S]\=ˆ]Gld:S P BEZ[LRZbG d:B:XWG”LRIZbSšKFB:VrSšnGlIHKFDFG LRDlq-\LRD
X LRQ S P S]X?ˆ]GJIHi]GJ\ P S]\ˆ]Gld:S P B:ZbLRZbG %  ,   Ž G „WGl\^VWd:S<LRfbLRB „S  SRB GldcLRfrS]IMLTZbS@VrS]IXŒSRu D
V[LRIML BEd:abD KMIMLTIGJD KYL>DFBEKFa[LOPTN LRQ Sb
$<5    6  
5 

 
5
(@ B  5*!,  + &( , : (  = +   ,   
= (@
¡ ,  

e4 e3 e2 e1

0 1/64

‰gB:i]aWIML (  .W "Gld:S P B:ZbLRZbG dEB:XbGJLRIJq DHGJi]abXWZbSš GJIHKFDFG TLTDJqRX RLQ SŸB:\Vbd:B P L˜GJ\8ˆRGJd:S P BEZ[LRZbG
1/16 1/4
%  ,  
ACG [X[L 5 (   (  5 (  L (  N
    
, # # G , # #
ACGJDHKFG—\^SzZbSbqzKMGJ\S]Dl L
#  ( 5 # L ( N
, #  ( #   ( = (   5 

, # #  


mnS]X P dEa u \S]DlqGJX?K LRQ SWq `-abG L P d:LRDFDHGZbG DFGJ`-a‹Glo X P B:LRDd:B:XWG”LRIH\^GlX-KFG P SRX-ˆRGJIHi]GJX?KMGlDJqDHGJi]aWXbZbS
nGJI KMDFG LRDJq GŸu \^LRB:S]Il~ DFGl\^VWIFGŸDFGlI[L u VrS]DFDJ u ˆ]Gld[\^SRDHKMIFLRI `-abG P S]X?ˆ]GJIHibGJo X P BcL—d:BEXbG”LTIJqRDHGJi]aWXbZbS
           ¡.
SV" &
nGJI KMDFG LRDJqG—u S]fWKFB:Z[LWqDFG V[LRIFLLTd:i]ab\  ¢<; ( qWKMGl\>v DFG
"J$  & :
 :d  BE\  DFaWV , , "J$  &  ;


B:DHKFS GRu qŠLRDHDFB:X?KFSRKMB P LR\GJX?KMGTqbS>GJIHIFS}G u ZbS]\B:X[LRZWS VOS]IŸaW\U‘LTKMSRIŸ\^GlXbS]IŸ`-abG ˜ 


" J" $  & & S
"   & #       )   5  ,  3 , !, 4  #(     & , &  , + .5   + 1( 
¢<;(  $  +   ¢ +    "J$)&X: 
,  ;
S
  + 1( ! @
s SzZbGJ\S]D \^S]D KMIFLRI—`zaWGL P dcLTDFDFGZbGDFGl`za‹GJo X P BcLRD `-abG P S]X?ˆRGJIFiRGJ\DFabVrGJIHd:B:XWG”LRIH\^GlX-KFGRqDFG v
i]abXbZbS> GJIHKFDFG TLTDJqŸGCu \^LRB:S]I˜`-abG L P d:LRDFDHG ZbG DFGl`za‹GJo X P BcLRDŒ`-abG P SRX-ˆRGJIHi]GJ\ P S]\hˆRGJdES P B:Z[LRZWG
%     & , q S]aDFG FLqLACG [XWBHPRN LTQ S (  @ B:\Vbd:B P L>X[LACG [XbBHPTN LRQ SZbG P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:LDFabVrGJIHd:B v
XbG”LRIlq[DFGli]abXbZbS^nGlIHKMDHG LRDlnACGC‘LTKFSbqbZ[LACG bXbBHPTN LRQ S (  @ qWKMGl\^S]DŸ`-abGT
 
 d:BE\  ,  5 ¢ N  ,
S " &
™šDFDHB:\ qZ[LRZbS  ¢<; ( q‹G „WBEDHKFG ! Œ qKMLRd -` abG
S  ,   : ˜ qVbLRIMLKMSzZbS ! $ !  ™šX[L v



,
d:S]i?LT\^GlX-KFGRqOLRSG „WVrS]D KMS L P B:\^L^ZbG `-abG P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo : X P B:L  %  ,  EB \^VWd:B P $ L X[L P S]X?SVˆRGJ" IFibGJo X & P BcL
d:B:XWG”LRIlqWDFGli]abXbZWSnGlIHKFDFG LRDlq P S]X P d:a‹u \^SRDŸ`zaWG ,    V[LRIFL>KFSZbS ! ( G  ¢Z; ( 
mnS]\S X[L P S]X?ˆ]GJIHibGJo X P BcL dEB:XbGJLRIJqzDFGli]abXbZWS>nGJI KMDFG LRDJq[LT`zaWBOKYLT\ f GJu \hL L [IF\^LOPRN LTQ S
IFG P  u VbIHS P L X LRQ S G u ˆ]GJIHZ[LRZbGlB:IFLW˜sgLRIFL>BEd:abD KMIFLRIGJD KMG—‘LTKMSWqbGJd:LRfOSRIMLR\S]DS>DFGli]abBEX-KFG—Gy„GJ\Vbd:SW
" &
$<5     ,  31(   5  , 3  , 11  
(  ( 5 
 (
 5
,  
 
 
" &
 5 ( L ( 5  L
 ( ( -.
,   ;
  
 
 5 $
¡  ! (@

,1( 
"KYLTd‹`-abG ¡ ( 
S " &
M S A
A RL ZbS  <¢ ;( qbG „WBEDHKFG ?
( A
™šDFDHB:\  ¡ ? qbZbSRXbbZ G
 ( 
A  ( 
¡  ¡ ? = <¢ ;
           ,¢
VOS]IH`-abG ¡  (  :  G|u d:B:\BEKMLRZ[LWqRVOS]BED P ]S X?ˆ]GlIFi]GTnsS]IHKMLRX?KMSbq , 
: ( :    ™šdyGJu \_ZbB:DHDFSbq

¡

, 5  L ( 5 ( L  (  N
  ( (  ( = (


,  


{|S GJX?KMLRX?KMSbq‡DFGl\^VbIHG@DFGlI[L u VrS]DFDJ u ˆ]GldC\S]DHKFIMLRI^`zaWG P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:L DFabVrGJIHd:B:XWG”LRIlq‡DHGJi]aWXbZbS
nGJI KMDFG LRDJqG—u S]fWKFB:Z[L DHG "%$   & 5 N
 d:BE\  DFaWV , "%$  & , 
¢
  #    )      5  ) , 3 " , SV"%$ "  & & &!, 4 ) #( =      , 5  5  & , &  , +  = !
1(  ( = 50 $ +   ¢ =  ¢<; (   ( = + * 
"%$ 3& :


, C ;
S
  + 1( ! @
Ž FD Gli]abB:X?KFGKMGlS]IFGl\L>i?LRIFLRX?KMG) `zaWG P SRX-ˆRGJIHi[GJo X P BcLZWS^KMBEVOS  q P S]\jS]IHZbGJ\  ( q
)
B:\Vbd:B P LXbL P ]S X?ˆ]GJIHibGJo X P BcL>ZbG—S]IHZbGJ\  ( qWDFGJiRabXbZbSnGJI KMDFG LRDJ
)
    <5   )     !, 4  #  , 3 1( +  - = !  1(   ( =  , !, 4  #  , 3
1(0 1(   ( = 5 #(," 1( 0&   + 5 "  @
   !  [sGJdcL Gl`zabLOPRN LRQ S (  2 qWKMGl\^S]DŸ`-abG
 A
,  d: BE\ 

DFaWV C ;
,


S )  : " & $ $
Gy„B:D KMG ! Œq A
 ¢ qWKYLTdO`-abG , 

, C qV[LRIFLKMSzZbS ! ! šG Gy„B:D KMG !   
!  zq KYLRd
`zaWG  ,  ( ™|DFDFBE\ q
 

 

,  :: " ,  " & C & 

,     : C  ,   "C &
 


C C ,   C 
 

,     

,  :  C N#N#N C   " ,  & C  ; 


 2    
           ,(
S]XbZbG
 

C C   
"  & 5
,  C 
  
 
"  & 5
,  C ( 
"
  

& "  & 5
C ,  C ( 
"


  ,
& N
 C
     

s S]I KYLRX?KMSWq , 
: ( " & $ 5 (

  

,  C   VbLRIML KMSzZbS ! ! n‚zG FLR\
  

q
5 : " & 5 " & 5 " &
, 
     

 $ 


   ~X?K LTQ Sbq ,    
C     CC  
    C  C q V[LTIML KFSZWS
 


! !  

5 " &
, 2 ; * (; ; !  Y   Y 8™šDHDFBE\ q ,    C q 5 E$ " Q 5 NNN Q & :
‚ G FLR\  $   C   G$:  5  C N N N 
 
V[LRIML KFSZbS ! ! G ,  C q ! (; ; !  D
ACSš\GJDH\^S|\^SzZbS‡`zaWGŸLRDgZWG [XbB PRN S]Q GlDLRX?KMGlIFBES]IFGlDJqRZWG ˆ]Gld:S P BEZ[LRZbG ZbG P S]X?ˆ]GJIHibGJo X P BcLq
DFGJiRabXbZbS}nGlIHKFDFG LRDl" qšL+& *L [IF\^LOPTN LRQ S+" IHG P & u VbIFS P L X LRQ 5 SG u  ˆ]GJIHZ[LR$ ZbGlB:IFLW "˜LR\S]D P S]XbDHB:ZbGl: IMLRIL
\^GlDF\^L—DHGJ`-a‹Glo X P B:L ,  ZbLRZ[L—VOS]I ( - . P S]) \   ¡ G ! ( s S]I˜ZbG [XbBHPTN LRQ Sbq , 2 ¡ (  
V[LRIML * V[LRIJ˜s LRIML * ¡ ! ( qŠL ZbGJDHB:i]a[LTd:Z[LRZWG , 2 ¡ (   q[GJ`-abBEˆTLRdEG—L
5 L :
 ( : (  ( : N

  ; S]a DFG FLWq 
 


 

 5 )  )    qnG  
L  )
   (  "G FLR\S](DŒq˜LRd:i]S]S]iRIFS L

kLRDL  $ ¡ 
   GlX-K LRQ S ¢ mnS]\S D LRQ S B:X?KMGlB:IHS]DJq


`-abG " ,  &



 
= 8ACG ‘LTKMSbqKMGJ\S]Dl
,   

 L ( L L 5
" , & 5  5  ( 
  
&   "    (&
5  L ( N
  ! " 


 


( ( =
 (

( 
     
,  
 
  
 


)
|{ S GJX?KMLRX?KMSbq Gu VOS]DHD” u ˆ]GJd \S]D KMIMLTI`-abG P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:L DHabVrGJIFdEB:XbGJLRI P S]\ S]IHZbGJ\  (q
DFGJiRabXbZbS^nGJI KMDHG LRDJqŸG u S]fWKFB:Z[L DHG
& A "%$  N
 d: BE\  DFaWV , , %" $  &



           ,¡
"G FLR\S]DŒLRiRS]IML
-` abG L IFGJd:LOPRN LTQ SGlX?KMIFG—ˆ]Gld:S P BEZ[LRZbG ZbG P S]X?ˆ]GJIHibGJo X P BcL>KMBEVOS &%  , 
P S]\ ˆRGJdES P B:Z[LRZWG  ,  qDHGJi]abXWZbS@nGlIHKFDFG LRDlq G>u \^LRB:Dš SRIHKMG>`-abG^LIFGJd:LOPRN LTQ S ZWGJDHKML1bua d KMBE\L
P S]\ˆ]Gld:S P B:ZbLRZbG %  ,  q GldcLRD D LRQ S<IFGJLRd:\GJX?KFGGJ`-abB ˆRLTd:GJX?KFGJDJ Ž DFGJiRabB:X?KMGKFGJS]IHGJ\^LZbG v
\^S]XWDHKMIFL GJDHKMLIHGJd:LOPRN LRQ SW
"J$  &ES
    <5    3    5  , 3 !, 4  #( ! 4 5 311( &%  ,  5 = 
5  , +  5 = !, 4  #(*! 4 5 311(  ,  = 5 #(,1( 0   + 5 "  @
   !  ˜‚G "%$  &
P S]X?ˆ]GlIFi]" G  P & S]\)ˆRGJd:S P BEZ["%LR$ Zb G &X: &%  ,   qnGlX-K LRQ S Gy„B:D KMG ab\L DFGl`-aGJo X P BcL+ZWG
GJD P LRdcLTIFGJDŒX LTQ SXWGJi?LTKFBEˆRS]D  qKYLRd‹`-abG ,  G
    :
;

$ S " & : : "  &
V[LRIML KFSZbS ! $ !  G P S]\ ¢<;( ™šDHDFBE\ q   C C    q[S]a DFG FLWq   q
V[LRIML KFS5 ZbS ! Q !    5 N N N : 5 NNN 
L  \^L „ 2 ; * (; ; ! Y <™šDHDFB:\ q  2  2 qV[LTIML KFSZbS * (; ; ! GV[LRIFL
‚G F$ 

$! !  qKMGl\^SRD   2 :       :  z>mnS]\S S " & q  ) G VbLRIMLKMSzZbS(! S Œq


:  :  
¢<;( ¢ "%$  &
KMGJ\S]D ,  zqWGlX?K LRQ S L—ˆ]Gld:S P B:ZbLRZbGšZWG P SRX-ˆRGJIHi[GJo X P BcL Z[LDFGJ`-a‹Glo X P B:L G u  ,  q
DFGJiRabXbZbS^nGJI KMDHG LRDJ 5 
s S]IŒS]aWKFIFS>dcLTZbSbqWDHG FL     q[GJX?K LRQ S
  5     5 N 

"  &   


\5
`-abG   P "%S]$ X? ˆ]& GlIFi]G P S]\ˆ]GJdES P B:Z[LTZbG %  ,  V[LTIML<“JGlIFS G
™šDFDH: B:\ q P S]5 \
 ,   sS]IHKMqLRKMX?GJKM\SbqŠS]LD
P P DFGl`-aGJo X BcL
P P S]X?ˆ]GJIHi]G S]\UˆRGJdES B:Z[LRZWG  %  ,   D
~) XzaWX P B:LRIFGl\^S]D—SKMGlS]IFGl\L`-abG>i?LRIFLRX?KMG>`-abG ˆ]Gld:S P B:ZbLRZbG bZ G P SRX-ˆRGJIHi[GJo X P BcL P S]\
S]IFZbGl\  ( qWDHGJ)i]abXWZbS>nGJI KMDHG LRDJq Gšu GJ`-abB ˆTLRd:GlX-KFGLe ˆRGJdES P B:Z[LRZWGšZbG P S]X?]ˆ GlIFibGlo X P B:L ZbSKFB:VrS
 P SR\ S]IFZWGJ\  ( 
"J$  & S
    <5  )   3    5  , 3 !, 4  #( ! 4 5 311(.1()  +    !
1(   ( 5 =  5  , +  5 = !, 4  #('!"4 5 311( !  1(  ( = 5 #(,1(
0

  + 5 "  @
           ,/,
   !  ”™ DHGJ) `-a‹GJo X P BcSVL , " "%$  &@& 5 & $ )  L $[ & P S]X?ˆ]GJIHi]G P S]\"SRIFZbGlS \ ) ( q DFGli]abXbZWSCnGlIHKMDHG LRDlq
DFG—Gy„B:D KMG" ¢ q  ¢<;( G ( qWKMLRd`-abG—V[LRIFL KFSZWS ! Œ


"J$  & 5 $  L $ [ :

N
, & & C
 5
‚G F L   GC qbGJX?K LTQ Sb
L [ 5 L 5
&
L [  & &  
G C L ¢ & U  GC C U 5 U  C C U 5 ( N
&

 

 & C &   C ¢ & C U   C UC U  C  C C U C




5 ( ) " &
™šDFDHB:\ q P ]S \  C)  : ¢ F
K J
G 
\ ]
S —
D -
` 5   P S]X?ˆ]GlIFi]G^V[LRIFL “lGJIFS
b
a G P "JS]$ \
 & ˆ]GJS]dEX?S ˆ]P GJB:Z[IHi]LTG ZbG>S]Zb\ S



MK B:VrS  P S]\ ]S IFZWGJ\  ( G ,  C )  s S]I KYLRX?KMSWq[L DFGJ`-a‹Glo X P B:L P P


ˆ]GJdES P B:Z[LTZbG ZbS KMBEVOS  P S]\ S]IHZbGJ\  ( 
™=IFG P  u VbIHS P L DFGli]abG—S>\^GlDF\S IML P B:S P  u XWB:S `-abG—abDFLR) \^SRDŸV[LRIML ZWGJ\S]XbDHKFIMLRIŸS>GJS]IHGJ\^L (  ( .
XbS`-a[LRd P S]X?ˆ]GJIHibGJo X P BcL^Zb) S^KFB:VrS  P S]\ S]IHZbGJ\  ( BE\^VWd:B P L X[L P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:LWq DHGJi]aWXbZbS
nGJI KMDFG LRDJqŠZbG—S]IHZbGJ\  (  D
sgLRIFL—LRX[LRdEB:DMLTI Lšˆ]Gld:S P BEZ[LRZbGŸZbG P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:L ZbSRD LTd:i]S]IHBEKF\^S]Dlq `zaWG‡GlDHKFabZ[LRIHGJ\S]D
XbS]DŒVbI[S u „WBE\^SRD P LRV‹ u KMaWd:S]DlqWˆTLR\^SRDŸaWKMBEd:B:“JLRInS KFB:VrS ZbG P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:L  
     
       1      

|{ GlDHKMG P LRV u KFabd:S LTVbIFGlDFGJX?KMLR\^SRD ab\ IFGlDFabd KYLRZWSbq`-abG>X LRQ S LRV[LTIFG P G>X[Ld:BEKFGJIFLTKMabIFLWq
V[LRIMLab\UVbIHS]fbdEGJ\^LZbGC\B:XWB:\B:“”LrPRN LRQ S—ZbG ab\^L abX PRN LRQ S `-a[LTZbI[LTu KFB P L P S]X?ˆ]G „WLW Ž IHGJDFaWdEKYLTZbS
G|u DHS]fbIFGCL P SRX-ˆRGJIHi[GJo X P BcLdES P LRd[Z[LDHGJ`-a‹Glo X P B:Li]GJIFLRZ[LVrS]I˜ab\_LRdEi]S]IFB KM\S P d”LRu DFDHB P SZbGš\B:XWB v
\^BE“”LOPTN LRQ S>B:IFIHGJD KMIFB KYLWq[SLRd:iRS]IFB KM\S ZbG mLTa P €(']|k S]D KMIMLT\^S]D‡`-abGGlDFDFLDFGl`za‹GJo X P BcL P S]X?ˆ]GJIHi]G
P S]\UˆRGJdES P B:Z[LRZWG %  ,  q[X[L>XbS]IH\L Gla P dEB:ZbB:LRX[LWqbVbLRIMLLDHS]d:a PRN LRQ S>ZbS^VbIFS]fWd:GJ\^LWqbG—G „WBEfbB v
\^S]DŒL KML „WLZbG P S]X?ˆ]GJIHibGJo X P BcL
 % =$               š{ L VWIFB:\GJBEIMLDFGzPRN LRQ SWqLRVbIHGJDFGlX?KYLR\S]DS VbIFSRfbd:Gl\L ZbG\B:XWB v
\^BE“”LOPTN LRQ SB:IHIFGlDHKMIHBEKMLG ZbGJ\S]XbD KMIMLT\^S]D—LTD P S]XbZWBHPRN SRQ GJD XbG P GJDHD[LRu IHBcLRD G DFa  P BEGJX?KMGlDZbG>SRKFB:\^L v
d:B:ZbLRZbGR+~D P IHGlˆRGJ\S]Dab\ \^SzZbGJdES@i]GlIMLRdŸZbG LRdEi]S]IHBEKM\S V[LRIML<\B:XbBE\^BE“”LOPTN LRQ SBEIFIHGJDHKFIFB KYL@GRq
V[LRIML>IFGlDFS]d ˆ]GlI|SDFabfWVbIFS]fWd:GJ\^L>`zaWG LRV[LTIFG P GXWSLRdEi]S]IHBEKM\SbqLRVbIHGJDFGlX?KYLR\S]DšZWS]B:DŒ\}Glu KMSzZbS]D
ZbGfWabD P LabXbBEZbB:IHG P BES]X[LRd L^fWabD P L^Gy„WLTKML^GL^fbaWD P LZbG ™šIF\B HSWn{|L‚GzPRN LRQ S ¡  ¡ qŠLRVbIFGlDFGlXv
KYLR\S]D S<\}Glu KFSZbS P d LRu DHDFB P S<ZbG mLRa P € '}GGlDHKFabZ[LR\S]D DFabL P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:L i]dES]f[LRd˜Gd:S P LTdp
‚S]fbIHGšL P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:L d:S P LRdWZbS LRdEi]S]IFB KM\SCZbGCmLRa P (€ 'VbLRIML— abXgPRN LTQ S`-a[LRZbIbLTu KMB P LWq-\S]DHKFIML v
\^S]DšXbS  GlS]IFGl\L ¡  ( ,ab\IFGJDHabdEKMLRZbSbqS`-a[LTd X LRQ S LRV[LTIFG P G>X[Ld:B KMGJIFLTKMaWIMLWqO`zaWGi]LRIMLRX?KFG
ˆ]GJdES P B:Z[LTZbGZWG P S]X?ˆRGJIFibGJo X P BcL %  ,  Z[L^DFGJ`-a‹Glo X P B:L P S]\jfbaWD P LdEB:XbGJLRIŒGy„WLTKMLX[LXbSRIF\^L
GJa P d:B:ZWBcLRX[Lg{|L‚GzPRN LRQ S ¡  ,WqzLRVbIFGlDFGlX-KMLR\S]DnS \}Gyu KMSzZbS ZbGš{‡G ŸKFS]XG‡\^SRDHKMIFLR\S]D`-abGRq P S]\
fbabD P L+ZbG ™šIF\B HSWq S+LRd:i]SRIFBEKF\^S<ZWG{‡G ŸKMSRX G u i]dES]f[LRdE\^GlX?KMG P SRX-ˆRGJIHi]GJX?KMGT"sIFS ˆTLR\S]DJq
KYLR\ f GJu \ q`zaWG^S \}Glu KMSzZbS ZbG^{|G ŸKMS]X %HVbabIHS ) KMGJ\ P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:L dES P LRdg`-a[LRZWI[LTu KFB P L^{|L
‚GPTN LRQ S ¡  # qŠLRVWIFGJDHGJX?KYLT\^S]D‡S\}Gyu KMSzZbS>ZbGIHGJi]B LRQ S>ZbG P S]X [LRXgP N LGZWGJ\S]XbDHKFIMLR\S]DŒ`-abG GJDHKFG
\}Gyu KMSzZbS Gu iRd:S]f[LTd:\GJX?KMG P SRX-ˆRGJIHi]GJX?KMGT mnBEKYLT\^S]Dab\1B:\VrS]IHKMLRX?KMGKMGJSRIFGJ\^LWqTSC`-a[LRdWi]LRIMLRX?KFG
P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:L^dES P LRd `-a[LRZWI[LTu KFB P L V[LTIML S>\}Gyu KMSzZbS>IFGJiRB LRQ S ZbG P S]X ŠLRX P N LW

,#
   C
         :   ,£
-      
 

|† \ P LRDHSV[LRIHKFB P abdcLRI‡ZbSVbIHS]fbdEGJ\^Li]GJIFLRdgZWG VbIFS]iRIMLR\^LOPRN LTQ SX RLQ SdEB:XbGJLRI Gu SVbIFSTv


fbd:Gl\L ZbG—\B:XbBE\^BE“”LOPTN LRQ SBEIFIHGJDHKFIFB KYLWq P a FL  S]IH\ abdcLrPRN LRQ S \^LTKMGl\'L u KMB P L G u L FD GJiRabB:X?KMGT
" & .9F  "%$&

$TS
 
P S]\  H= P S]X?KFB:X-a[LR\GJX?KMGZbB  GJIHGJX P B LTu ˆRGJdp ™  abX RP N LRQ S G u P €[LR\^LRZ[L &(,G(- %   + 4 
        9  ;       9  ;     R9  ;         
" & $[ S  "%$[]& :  "J$&
      

‡› Gl$TDFS]S d ˆ]GlICSVbIHS]fbd:Gl\L $ [ DHB:i]XWB  P LGJX P S]X?KMIFLRI




KYLTd `-abG
V[LRIML KFSZbS  Ž VrS]X?KMS VrSzZbG DFGlI P LRIML P KMGlIFBE“”LRZbS P S]\^SW
 "%$[ &X:  "J$& $TS
 k :
B W
X :
B 
\ :
B ”
“ T
L b
Z ]
S ˜
I ]
i :
d ]
S b
f R
L p
d  -
` [
a T
L b
X b
Z S [
V R
L M
I L F
K 
S b
Z S ‹
 "%$[ & A "J$& $ S
 $ k 5 B:+ XWB:$ \[ B:“”LTZbS]I>i]d:SRf[LRdšGlDHKFIFBEKFSb+`-a[LTXbZbS V[LRIFL+KMSzZbS P S]\

$[  "%$ [ &X:  "J$&
 k :
B W
X :
B 
\ :
B ”
“ T
L b
Z ]
S
$TS P r
I :
d S R
L d  -
` [
a R
L b
X W
Z |
S G W
„ E
B H
D F
K ˜
G W
a 
\ n
L z
ˆ
 :
B l
“ :
B b
X b
€ R
L g
X P N L ' b
Z G Y
K R
L R
d z
` W
a G
V[LRIFL KFSZWS 
$[


 k "%B:$ XW[ B:& \A B:“”LT Zb"%S] $I& d:S P LRd‡GJD KMIFB KM$ Sb+S `zabLRXbZbS}$ Gy„5 + BEDH$ KMG [ ab\^L+ˆzB:“lB:Xb€[LTXgP N L ZbG KYLTdC`-abG 

V[LTIML KMSzZbS
 P S]\ 
™šDFDHB:\ q?VOSzZbGl\^S]D˜*L bIF\^LRI`-abG|\B:XWB:\B:“”LTZbS]Ii]d:S]fbLRdWBE\^VbdEB P LšGJ\ \B:XbBE\^BE“”LRZWS]I dES P LRdpqR\LRD
L>IHG P  u VbIHS P L>XWGJ\ DHGJ\VbIFG DFGl I[L u ˆ]GJIHZ[LRZbGlB:IFLW $[
~\hVbLR" IHKFB P aWdcLRIDFG G|u Zba[LRD˜ˆ]GJ“lGJDZWBE GJ& IHGJX P B LTu ˆRGJd qVrSZWGJ\S]DZbB:“lGJIn`-abG >Gšu  \"%B:$XW[ B &v
\^BE“”LRZbSRInd:S P LTd S]a\^BEXb]B:\ "%B:$“JLR[]&ZbS]IdES P LRdOGlDHKFIFBEKFS qGy„WLR\B:X[LTXbZbS S ˆ]GyKMS]IŸiRIMLRZbBEGJX?KMG
GL \^LTKMIHB:“C€WGJDFDHBcLRXbL ZbL> abX PRN LRQ S  $[
™šD P S]XbZbB PRN S]Q GlD XbG P GJDHD[LRu IHBcLRD>ZbGSTKMB:\^LRdEB:Z[LRZWGD LRQ S<S]fWHKFB: Z["JLT$DJ[]q& LRDHDF ab\O B:XW"%$Zb[ S<& `-abG G u
ab\ \B:XbBE\^BE“”LRZbSRI˜dES P LRdpqG P S]\ BEDFDHSVWIFS ˆTLRXbZbS>‘LTKMSRDŸDFS]fbIHG G 
~DFDMLTD˜ZWGJ\S]XbDHKFIMLOPTN S]Q GJDlq?Z[LRD P S]XbZbB PRN S]Q GlDXbG P GJDHD[LRu IHBcLRDGDHa  P B:GJX?KFGJDZbGSRKFB:\^LRd:BEZ[LRZbGTq
D LRQ SGlX P SRX-KFIMLRZbLRD GJ\jˆnLRu IFBES]DšdEBEˆzIFS]DlC{‡S]DFDFLZbB:D P abDHD LRQ Sf[LTDFGJB:L vžDHG GJ\ XbSRKMLRDšZWG LRabd:LWqOX LRQ S
VbabfbdEB P LTZ[LRDJqWZbG x S]XW“”LRi?L ( ¡ 
   $   <5  3   ,1%(', !!!" ! &  &3 1(0 >+  "$ & 315 1( 1( &    1(  @
=  , + (


6   ', ' 951( 5 1( ¢@


   C
         :   ,@
$  S
 5 +  !  ‚abVrS]Xb€bL `-abG G^u \B:XbBE\^BE“”LRZWS]IšdES P RL dp‚G FL ab\^L bZ BEIFGzRP N LRQ SLRIFfbB KMIbLRu IFB:LWq
¢ GJ\S]Dl  "$     & 5  "$ &   > "$ &   /Z"  &ON

"GJ\  > "$9 &  5  " $'     & L  " $ & L /<"   & N " &
 ¡ (


s S]IŒZbG [XbBHPTN LRQ S>ZbG—\^BEXbB:\B:“JLRZbS]I˜d:S P TL dpqzV[LRIML DHa P EB GJX?KMGl\^GlX?KMG VOGl`zaWGJXbSbq




 " $'    & L  " $ & $ N


¢
" &
‰rLT“JGJXWZbS KMGJXWZbGJI‡L>“JGJIHSbq[VrGJdcL ZWB:IFGlBEKML X[LG „VbIFGlDFD LTQ S ¡  ( qbS]fWKFGJ\S]DJ


H "$ & 

 $ ¢
N

mnS]X P Ed a u \S]D`-abGTq P S]\S G—u LRIHfbBEKFI[LRu IHBcL
H "$ & 

 $ ¢<;
 S > "$ & 5
 œžD KMS DFS]\GJX?KFG G>u VrS]DFDJ u ˆRGJdDFG

[V LRIMLKFSZbS ¢ q P S]\Vbd:GyKYLRXWZbS LZbGJ\S]XbDwv
KMIMLrPRN LRQ Sb D
$ S H "%$& 5
Ž fWDFGJI ˆTLOPRN LRQ SWg†‡\VrS]X?KMS KYLRdz`-abG ¢ ˜G u ab\VOSRX-KFSšGlDHKYL P B:SRXŒLRu IFBES|ZbL| abXgPTN LRQ S
qbVrSZbGlXbZbSDFGlI‡aW\ VOSRX-KFS>ZbG—\'L u „BE\^Sbq\ u XbB:\SSRa bZ G—DHGJdcL
    < 5  3 3 ,1%(', !!!!  &3 $ 1(0 +   311( 1( 5 #(,1"
 & 1(  @
6 ]  " $& ( &(,G(1(  !5 )  ', ' 951( 5 1(
 
=  , + (


 5 !! 3,
  
#"
 5 '% 1( , 31  5 + 4 @
$ " &
   !  ŠmnS]XWDFB:ZWGJIFG \^BEXbB:\B:“JLRZbS]I˜d:S P RL dOZbG


GJ\S]D
 "$    @& 5  " $ &   H " $ &    
  "$ &   / "  &
 ¡   

;
/ " & 5 H "$ & 5
¢ sGJd:SGJS]IHGJ\^L ¡  ( q
 
P S]\ dEB:\  
 
¢ ™šDHDFB:\ q
  "$ &  5  "$    & LV " $ & L / "  & N " &
  
  


¡ ¡
¡
   C
         :   ,2
 "$/    X& L  "$ &'$
gs LRIFL DFa P B:GlX?KMGJ\GJX?KFG VrGJ`-ab" GlXbSb& q
 
¢ VOS]I €WB:VŒSRu KFGJDHGR ‰ŠLR“lGJXbZWS
KMGJXWZbGJI‡L>“JGJIHSbq[X[L Gy„VbIHGJDHD LRQ S ¡  ¡ qbKFGJ\S]DJ
  "$ &  $
  

¢
N
¡
 S  O " $ &  $
nm S]X P dEa u \S]D‡`-abGRqV[LTIMLKMSzZbS q  ¢ q S`-abG G u LZbG [XbBHPTN LRQ SZbG \^LTKMIHB:“
 

DFGJ\B v ZbG bXbB:Z[L VrS]DHBEKMB ˆTLWq P S]\^VWd:GlKMLRXbZbS>L>ZbGl\^S]XWDHKMIFLOPRN LTQ Sb D

    <5  3 > ,$ 1%S !  " >  " ,$+& ! 5 1(' + 
  31"$ 1& ( @ $
6  ,5 * 

 =

" &


¢
 
 1( , 31  5 + 4 @ , + ( = #" 
', ' 951( 5 ! +  +  1( @
5 Q S 5
   !   mnS]XWDFB:ZWGJIFG  U &  & S (Y  ‚WLTfOGl\^) S]D `-abG>ab\^L\^LTKMIHB:“! G u ZbG [XbBEZ[L
VOS]DHBEKFBEˆTLDFGTqŠG S DHS]\GJX?KMG—DFGTq[V[LRIFL>KFSZbS   q  (  ¢ 
™ abX PRN LRQ S    S =     G u P S]X?K” u X-a[L^Gl\ S ba \ P ]S XHabX?KMS P S]\V[L P KFSqŠGVrS]I KYLRX?KMSWqbKMGJ\
\^BEXbB:\B:“JLRZbS]I  œžDHKFS}GTu qbV[LRIFL>KFSZWS  


 
$ 
5
    ¢<;
  )
5 O "$ & S
S]XbZbG‡SˆTLRdES]I<=G|u S\GJXbS]I˜LRaKMS ˆTLRd:S]IZbG  mnSR\  
q-KMGJ\S]D˜V[LRIFL KMSzZbS  


 "$   & 5  "$W &   > "$ &   ] "$  &  / "  ]&
 /  "   ]O& N  

 $  " $& 
 
 
  

 

ACBEˆzB:ZbBEXbZbS VrS]I
 
q[V[LRIFL
 )
¢
 "$'   & LV "$ & $ / "  ]& N
  


  
¡
gs LRIFL DHa  P B:" GJ$ X?&>KFGJA \GJ X?"%KM$G‡& VOGl`-abGJXbSWqZbBE$i?LR\S]DJq ¢ $ L $  q?KM: GlIFGJ  \S]D $ 


:  :   " $   &<LE "$ & )
¢q
VOS]I KYLRX?KFSbq V[LRIFL KMSzZbS KMLRd`zaWG & & G G^u \^BEXbB:\B:“JLRZbS]Išd:S P LRd
GJDHKFIFB KMSb D

 ,     

š™ D P S]XWZbBHPTN S]Q GJD XbG P GJDHD[LRu IHBcLRD ZbG SRKMBE\LTd:B:ZbLRZbG ZbGlˆRGJ\ DFGlI S]fWIFB:i]LTKMS]IHBcLR\GJX?KFGDML v
KMB:D  GJB KYLRDVOS]I \B:XWB:\B:“”LTZbS]IFGlDJq GJXb`-a[LRX?KFS LTD P S]XbZWBHPRN SRQ GJD>DFa P B:GlX?KMGJDlqn`-a[LRXWZbS DMLTKFB:DH GlBEKMLRDJq
   C
         :   ,/+
RL DFDHGJi]abIFLR\_`-abGCSVrS]X?KMSGJ\ P SRXbDFBEZbGJIFLOPRN LRQ S Gšu ab\_\B:XbBE\^BE“”LRZbSRIgd:S P LTdp™8i?LRIFLRX?KMB:L ZbG|`-abG
SVrS]X?KMS G u ab\ \B:XWB:\B:“”LTZbS]I˜i]d:S]fbLRdpqzGJ\ iRGJIMLTdpq G—u \ abB KMS \^LRB:D P S]\Vbd:B P LRZbLW"  & 

s S]I KYLRX?KFSbq-S]D\}Gyu KMSzZbS]DZbGlDFGlX-ˆRS]dEˆzBEZbS]D˜V[LRIML IHGJDFSRdEˆ]GlIS VWIFS]fbdEGJ\^L VbIFS P aWIMLR\


GJX P S]X?KMIMLTIšVrS]X?KMS]D P LRXbZWB:Z[LTKFS]DLe DFS]dEagPRN LTQ SbqOSRa@DFG FLWqOVrS]X?KMSRDšDML KMB:D ‘LR“JGlXbZbSL P S]XbZWBHPRN LTQ SXbG v
P GJDHD[LRu IHBcLZWGSRKFB:\^LRd:BEZ[LRZbG ZbG^VbIFBE\^GlB:IFL S]IHZbGJ\ qgBEDHKFS8GRu q VrS]X?KMSRDGJD KYL P B:S]XŸLRu IFBES]DZbL  abXgPTN LRQ S
S]f HGlKFBEˆRSbq[S]DŸ`-a[LRBEDJqb IFGl`-abGJX?KMGl\^GlX?KMGRqrD LTQ S\B:XWB:\B:“”LTZbS]IFGlDndES P LRB:Dl "
& ~\ P LTDFS]D \ abB KMSDHB:\Vbd:GlD|Gu" VrS]& DFDJ u ˆ]Gld?GJX P S]X?KMIFLRIZbB:IHGlKMLR\^GlX?KMGLRDDHS]d:a PRN S]Q GlD `-a[LRXbZbS
Gy„B:D KMGJ\ ZbSVbIHS]fbdEGJ\^LBEIFIFGlDHKFIFBEKFS ‡kLRDlq `-a[LRXbZWSL P S]\^VWd:Gy„BEZ[LRZbG—Z[L^ aWXgPRN LRQ S^S]f HG v


KMBEˆRS S]a S Xšbua \GJIHSZbG ˆTLRIFB”LTu ˆ]GlB:D—LRab\GJX?KMLWqLRD—\LRXWB:Vbabd:LOPRN SRQ GJDCBEDFS]d:LRZ[LRDCD LRQ S B:XbDHa  P BEGJX?KMGlD
V[LRIML L P €bLRI>DFGJ`-abGlI^VrS]X?KMSRD P LRXbZbBEZ[LTKFS]DL e DHS]d:a PRN LRQ Sb ~ u XbG P GJDFDbLRu IFBESbqnGlX?K LRQ Sbq LRVrGJd:LRI V[LRIFL
\}Gyu KMSzZbS]DŸX-ab\}GJu IFB P S]DlqbS]a DFG FLWqŠLRd:iRS]IFB KM\S]DJ " &
Ž DLRdEi]S]IHBEKM\S]DC`-abGIF$Gl DFS]d ˆ]Gl\S VbIHS]fbd:Gl\L q `-a[LRDHG  DHGJ\VbIFGBEKFGJIML KMBEˆRS]DJq BEXbB v


P BcLT\ P S]\ ab\ VOSRX-KFS+Z[LTZbS GZWGlKMGl IF\B:X[LT\ ab\L ZbB:IHGPTN LRQ S qŒLTS+d:SRXbi]S+ZbL `-a[LRd G u
VOS]DHD” u ˆ]GJdZb BE\^BEX-abB:ICS ˆTLRd:SRI Z[L  aWXgPRN LRQ S qG^XWGJDHKML ZbBEIFGzPRN LRQ S P LTd P aWdcL v DFG>ab\ P SR\^VbIHB:\GJX?KMS
ZbSV[LTDFDFS  qr`-abGVOGlIF\BEKYL ab\^L^IHGJ"%Zb$ a & PRN LRQ SIFLR“JSLTu ˆ]Gld XbSˆTLRd:S]IŒZ[L abXgPRN LTQ Sb Ž DCLRdEi]S]IFB KM\S]D
i]" GJIF"JLR$ \  & qT& VOSRIHKYLTX-KFSbqRaW\L‡DFGJ`-a‹Glo X P B:L ZbGnˆTLRdES]IFGlD Gl\ P S]\ab\L‡DFGl`za‹GJo X P BcL—LRDFDHS P BcLRZbL
ZbG ˆRLTd:S]IHGJD‡IFG”LTB:D‡\^S]XŸSRu KMS]XbL^ZbG P IFGlD P GJX?KMGT! "˜LR\S]D|GlD P " IFGl& ˆRGJI—GJD KMGVbIFS P GlDFDFS P S]\S


ab\ \SZWGJd:Si]GJIFLRd ZbG>LRdEi]S]IHBEKM\SVbLRIMLIHGJDFSRdEˆ]GlI—SVbIFS]fWd:GJ\^L †|\^LZbB:D P abDHD LRQ S \^LRB:D


ZbGlKMLRd:€[LTZ[L VOSzZbG DFGlIŒGJX P S]X?KMIMLTZ[L^Gl\ ¡R¡ 
   #  5  3 $ ' S  
, ' 95('& ! + & +
3 1( 5
;  ! ¢ H "J$  & 5 +

  +  , , +  ¢  S  H "%$  &   A


5! 5 .( 1!8(
  
 ( '"%$  !   & &X A , +  . 
 "J$ 1(&  !5 )
+    
¢ +   
¢ )

$ 5 $        )
5 
! ! (
™‰gB:i]aWIML ¡  ( qbBEd:abD KMIML aW\L BEKFGJIFLOPRN LRQ S !ZbS>™šdEi]S]IHBEKM\S ¡  # 
Ž ™šd:iRS]IFB KM\S ¡  # VŒLRu IFL+`-a[LRXbZbS+ab\ VOS]X?KFS+GJD KYL P B:S]XŸLRu IFBES+Z[L  abXgPRN LTQ S S]f HGyKMBEˆRS
Gu GJX P S]X?KMIMLTZbSbqB:D KMS8GRu qab\’VOSRX-KFS `zaWGDMLTKFB:DH‘LT“ L P S]XbZWBHPRN LTQ S<XbG P GJDFDbLRu IFB:L<ZbGSRKMBE\LTd:B:ZbLRZbG
ZbG VbIHB:\GJB:IFL^S]IHZbGJ\  mnS]\Sbq XWSLRd:iRS]IFB KM\SbqŠGJD P S]d:€WGJ\S]DšZbBEIFGzPRN S]Q GlD—LRSd:SRXbi]SZ[LTDC`-a[LRB:D G u
   C
         :   ,/.

‰gB:i]aWIML ¡  ( ˜k SzZbGJdES>i]GJIFLRd‹ZbG LRdEi]S]IFB KM\SV[LTIML>\^BEXbB:\B:“JLOPRN LRQ S B:IHIFGlDHKMIHBEKML


OV S]DHD” u ˆ]GJd-‘LR“lGJIgZWG P IHGJD P GJIgSšˆTLRd:S]I Z[LŒ abXgPTN LRQ SCS]f HGyKMB ˆ]SbqGnu ZbG˜ DFSGGlDFVrGJIFLRIg`-abG Sš>Vr S]X?"%$KM&SCGl X PA S]Xzv
KMIMLTZbS>DFG FLab\ \B:XbBE\^BE“”LRZWS]I dES P LRdpg™šDFDHB:\ qŠLRDŒZb$ B:IHGPTN S]Q GJD KYLRBEDŸ`-abG  ¢q
D LRQ S P €[LR\^LRZ[LRD 1!8! 1(-1(!5 31 LVbLRIHKFB:IZbG qS]aDHG FLWqWLRDnZWB:IFGzPRN S]Q GlDn`-abG‡ S]IF\^LR\ ab\
LRo Xbi]abdES \LTB:S]I `zaWG . ¢ i]IFLRabD P SR\ S ˆ]GlKFS]IŒi]IMLTZbB:GlX-KFG—Z[L  abXgPRN LTQ S^S]f HGlKMB ˆ]Sb  )
s g"%LR$ IF L IFGlDF S]d  ˆ] Gl& ICSA DHabfb"%$ Vb IH& S]fbd:Gl\L^ZbGGlX P S]X?KFIMLRI|S P S]\VbIHB:\GJX?KMSZbSV[LTDFDFS  ¢
KYLRd `zaWG  qGy„B:D KMGl\’ˆnLRu IFBES]D \}Glu KFSZbSRDJqZbGJXWS]\^BEX[LRZbSRD \}Gyu KMSzZbS]D ZWG
fbabD P L aWXbB:ZbBEIFG P B:SRX[LRdpqgS]D>`zabLRB:D>i?LRIFLRX?KMGl\ `-abG S ZWG P IzGJu D  P  B:\S XbS ˆRLTd:S]I Zb$ L<  aWXgPRN LRQ S DFG FL
VbIFS]VrS]I P B:SRX[LRdCLTS P S]\VbIFBE\^GlX-KFS ZbS V[LRDFDHSXbL ZbBEIFGzPRN LRQ S L V[LRIHKFB:IZbG  ™DHGJi]aWB:IJq
LRVbIFGlDFGlX-KMLR\S]D ZbS]B:D\}Gyu KMSzZbS]DZbG<fbaWD P L}abXbBEZbB:IHG P B:S]X[LTdp L fbabD P L G „WLTKYL}G L fbabD P L ZWG
™šIF\B HSW
 4              

 

$  ~ DHKMaWZ[LRIFGl\^SRDLRi]SRIML SDHGJi]abBE X?KMS G‡VbIFS]fWd:GJ\^LWZ[LRZ[  L—$ab\^L—"  aWXgPRN LRQ S &  = ‡q ab\


VOS]X?KFS G—ab\L ZbBEIFGzPRN LRQ S>ZbG—ZbGlD P BEZ[L ‹q[GlX P SRX-KFIMLRI ¢ DHG—Gy„B:D KMB:I YK LRd`-abG
 "$'     & A  " $ &ON
 
 aWGJIFGl\^SRD‡XbL>IHG”LRdEB:Z[LTZbGCS]fWKFGJI `-abG VOGlIF\BEKML ab\L IHGJZbagPTN LRQ SIMLR“lSLTu ˆ]GldXbS>ˆRLTd:S]IZWG 
~D KMabZbLRIFGl\^S]DZbS]BED\}Gyu KMSzZbS]Dl L‡fbaWD P L‡Gy„WLTKML|G˜L‡fWabD P L|ZbG˜™šIH\^B HSb ~DHKMG˜GJD KMabZWSšf[LRDHGJB:L vžDHG
GJ\ XbSTKYLRDŒZbG LRabd:L ZbG x SRXb“”LRi]L ( ¡ p
 nabD P L>abXbB:ZWB:IFG P BES]X[LRdOGy„WLTKYL
   C
         :   #]¢
 $  S  5+
A LRZ[Lab\^L abXgPTN LRQ S  = ‡qab\ rV S]X?KMS G aW\L ZbBEIFGzPRN LRQ S $ q ¢ qS
VbIFSRfbd:Gl\L ZbG %5.(, 31!! ,   + RL S>d:S]XWi]S ZbG L V[LRI KMB:InZbG G u
9.F  "%$    & " &
 $ ¡ - ,
¢
†|DFLRIFGl\^S]D>fbaWD P L d:B:XWG”LRI G „bL KYLWqXbL bV IbSTu „B:\^L<DFGPTN LRQ SbqVbLRIML JG D KMabZ[LTIS } \ Gyu KMSzZbS WZ G
mLRa P €(']
 nabD P L>ZbG—™šIF\B HSW 
Ž \}Gyu KMSzZbSZW G % 5 1(   '   VbIFS P abIFLab\^LfrS?L IHGJZb$ agPTSN LRQ S Z[L  abXgPRN LTQ S LRSd:S]XbiRS
Z[L@) ZbBEIFGPTN LRQ S  {  LRQ S@S KFGJX?KYL<\B:XbBE\^BE“L u v dcLW A LRZbSRD ; Gab\V[LRDHDFS B:XWB P B:LRd
¢ q[fbabD P L v DFG <¢ ; KYLTd‹`-abG
 "%$    &
G u %HfrGJ\U\^GlXbS]I )>`-abG  "%$&ON

sgLRIFL B:DHKFS>abDML v DFG—ab\  1( ' ,  1&,G(  = ‡qZbG [XWB:ZbSVOSRI
 "  &@5  "J$&     "J$  &   "J$  &@5 H  "%$&  N
; ; P SR\ ; 
λA
0 λ
ared
pred
f(x+λ d)
f(x)+α λ f’(x,d)

m(λ)

‰gBEi]abIFL ¡  ¡ nabD P LZWG ™|IF\B HSb


$
¢ q[ZbG [XWB:\S]DJ

A LRZbS ab\ ˆRLTd:S]I
F  5  "J$& LV "%$    &
 ,  5  " & LM "  & FI GlZbagPTN LRQ SˆRGJIHZ[LRZbGlB:IML>Z[L  abXgPTN LRQ Sbq
 , ¢ FI GlZbagPTN LRQ S^VWIFGJZWBEKYL VrGJdES \^SzZbGJdESb
   C
         :   #(
SV" &
mnS]XbDHB:ZbGlIMLR\S]DŒL P GJBEK[LTu ˆ]Gldab\ VrS]X?KMS>GJ\ `-abG—V[LTIML' ¢<; ( W „S
F  $ 5 " &
,  ; G  ¢<; £ VrS]IŸGy„Gl\^VbdES ;
 ,

B:D KMS GTu qOaW\ VrS]X?KMS^GJ\j`-abG L^IFGJZWagPRN LRQ Sˆ]GlIFZ[LRZWGJB: IFL5 GJD KŠL u % VbI[STu „BE\L$)Z[LIFGJZWagPRN LRQ SZbS
\^SzZbGld:Sb Ž LRd:i]SRIFBEKF\^S G u DHB:\Vbd:GlDJœžXbB P BcL P S]\ G—IHGJZbab“ LTKG u GlX P SRX-KFIMLRI‡ab\
VOSRX-KFSL P GlBEKŠL u ˆ]GJd 
  #  $ 5   3   0  "% $ 5 & 1(  SV&'"   &
  5
  5  J"%$ ;  & =  ¢Z;( =  '  

3 1(5  ; ;   ¢<; £ @


F ,  5  "J$& L ;  "%$    &
, F  A  
    ,5  , +   ,   ,
  ¢<5 ; 2    "%$  &
F  5  "J$& L ;  "%$    &
 ,

,

  "J$  &
Ž fbDFGlIHˆTLOPRN LTQ Sb˜{|SLRd:iRS]IFB KM\Sbq ; G u aW\ Z[LRZbSW {‡abX P LDHG P LRd P abdcLT\UZbGlIFBEˆTLRZbLRDJ
Ž LRd:i]SRIFBEKF\^S VrSZWGDFGlI GJD P IHBEKMSZbG\^LRXbGJBEIML P S]\V[L P KYLWq  DHGJ\ZbG bXbB:I  1 G !1 
œžDHKFS^ S]B GJB KMSV[LRIFL^ZbGlB „WLRI P dcLTIFSS^V[LTVOGld ZbS^\^SzZbGld:S>ZbG Œ{|S\ Glu KFSZWS^IHGJi]B LRQ S^ZWG
P S]X ŠLRXgP N LWq[aWKMBEd:BE“”LRIHGJ\S]Dnab\U\^SzZbGJdES `-a[LRZbIbLTu KMB P Sb
  #  $ 5   3  0  "% $ 5 & 1(  SV&'"   &= ,   ! (5 + @
 
; =   "%$ ¢Z ;(  = &  )'  "%$ &     J"J$ ¢<;  £ & @
 

3 1(5  ; ; 
 
    ,5  , +    ;
¢<; 2
 @
 )  "%$'   &
  "%$  & 5 H  "J$&  A
 ¢ GJX?K LRQ S
~g„bLT\^ BEXbGJ\S]D|L^ abXgPTN LRQ S ¢ = C‚G ;
V[LRIFL VOGl`zaWGJXbS  "J$   & A  "%$&     "J$  &


 ; ;
   C
         :   #?¡
P S]"%\$S P  S] Xb& DHGJ`-a‹GJo X P BcL Z[L ZbG [XWBHPRN LTQ S ) ZbG@ZbGlIF BEˆT"JLR$Zb& LW  _ ~ u  VO SR"%$ DFDJu ˆ]& Gldš`-abG<L P abIHˆTL   5 =


XzaWX P L P IFab“lG>L^IHGlKYL ¢ =  ; š{‡GJD KMG P  LTDFSbq 




‚G L P aWIHˆTL G L IFGyKYL DFG P IFab“JLRIFGl\ q‡ZbG bXbB:\S]DS  , +  1(  &'   P S]\S S


VbIFBE\^GlB:IHS VOSRX-KFS>ZbG P IFaW“”LR\GJX?KMSWq[B:DHKFS GRu q


 "%$    & 5  "%$&    "%$  &

 ; ;
S]a  "%$  & LV J" $& 5   "%$  &]N
 

 ;
 S 
s Gld:S KMGlS]IFGl\L ZbS ˆTLRd:SRIŸ\}Glu ZbB:SbqGy„B:D KMG Q ¢<; KYLRd‹`-abG
  "%$    & 5   "%$  &]N
Q ;  ;
nm S]X P d:a u \^S]DŸ`-abGGJ\jab\^LfWabD P LZbG ™šIF\B HSWq[ab\L>G DFS]\GJX?KMGab\^LZ[LTDšDFB KMa[LrPRN S]Q GlD
LRf[LRB „S S P S]IFIHGR
 5
(   A S] a :  :   S
¡   J"%$' q    & 5  ¢<J; "%2 $ G— &G „WBEDHKFG Q ¢  R¢Z; 2 KMLRd`-abG


Q ;  ; 
Ž \ Glu KFSZWS ZbG ™šIH\^B HS X LRQ S>GJX P S]X?KMIFL ab\UVrS]X?KMS>VbIbSTu „B:\S L ab\U\B:XbBE\^BE“”LRZWS]IabXbB v
ZbB:IHG P B:S]X[LTdpq\LTD G u \ abB KMS G  P B:GlX?KMGR'sgLRIFL+LRdEi]S]IFB KM\S]DfrGJ\ VWIFS HGyKYLRZbSRDJqn‘LR“ ab\
XCbua \GJIFS \abBEKFS VOGl`zaWGJXbS^ZbG P LRu d P abdES]DŸZbG  abXgPTN LRQ S>DFGJXWZbSVrS]IHKMLRX?KMS>\ abB KMS IbLRu VbB:ZWSb
gs LRIFL GlDHKFabZ[LRI—S]D—\}Glu KMSzZbS]D ZWG\B:XWB:\B:“”LrPRN LRQ SB:IHIFGJD KMIHBEKYLq`zaWG^LTVbIFGlDFGJX?KMLR\^SRDX[LTD
DFGPTN S]Q GJD DFGli]abB:X?KFGJDJqTˆRLT\^S]D aWKFB:dEB:“”LTI‹DFS]\GJX?KFG GlDHKMGlDgZbSRB:D \}Gyu KMSzZbS]D ZbG˜fbabD P LW~g„B:D KMGl\1ˆnLRu IHB:S]D
S]aWKMIHS]D\ Glu KFSZWS]DZbGfbabD P L@`-abGVrSZbGl\’DHGJI GlX P SRX-KFIMLRZWS]DJqVrS]IG „GJ\Vbd:SbqgGJ\’nGJI KMDFG LRD
¡  " &
Ž DHa P GlDFDFSZbS]D—  \}Gyu KMSzZbS]D `-abG>IFGlDFS]d ˆ]Gl\tS VWIFS]fbdEGJ\^L qZbGlVOGlXbZbGZ[LGJD  P S]dE€[L


LRZbGJ`-a[LTZ[LZ[LZbBEIFGPTN LRQ S G ZWS\}Gyu KMSzZbSV[LRIFL P LRd P abd:LRI‡S P S]\VbIFBE\^ Gl X?KMSZWSV[LRDFDHS  —™
ZbBE GlIFGJX P N LCGJDHDFGlX P B:LRdbGJX?KFIFGŸS]D \ Glu KFS$ ZW S]D  GJ5 D KŠ$ LCu  X[ LC GlD P S] d:€[LCZbLCZbB:IHGPRN LTQ S q]`-abGŸG „WGlI P G‡iRIMLRXbZWG
B:X [a‹GJo X P BcLšXbS VWIFS P GJDHDFS—BEKFGJIFLTKMB ˆ]S    †|\^LšGy„ P GzPRN LRQ S<Gu S \}Glu KFSZbSšZbGIFGli]B LTQ S
ZbG P S]X ŠLRX P N LWq?S]XWZbGLšZWB:IFGzPRN LRQ SšGnS P S]\^VWIFB:\GJX?KFSšZbSCVbLRDFDHSCD LRQ S SRfWKMBEZbS]DDFB:\abdEKMLRXb G” LT\^GlX-KFGR
™ DFGli]abBEICZbB:D P aWKFB:IHGJ\S]DCLRdEi]ab\^LRD‡S]VgPRN SRQ GJD V[LRIFLLGJD P S]dE€[LZ[LZbBEIFGPTN LRQ S ZWS™šd v
i]S]IFB KM\S ¡  # 
   C
         :   #,
- !        
|† \"ZWS]D \}Gyu KMSzZbS]DJq \^LRB:D P S]Xb€WG P BEZbSŒGKYLR\ f GJu \8aW\"ZbS]D \^LRB:DLTX-KFB:i]SRDJq `-abGIFGJDHS]dEˆRG
SVbIHS]fbdEGJ\^L—BEIFIHGJDHKFIFB KMS<G|u S \}Glu KMSzZbS P d”LRu DFDHB P SZbS i]IFLRZbB:GlX?KMGRq-KYLT\ f GJu \ P €[LR\^LRZbS \}Gyu KMSzZbSZWG
mLRa P €(']q bL u `-abG> S]B  #  + ,   5  q Gl\ ( + #"2 q `-abGl\t\^S]D KMIHS]a `-abG^L ZbB:IHGPRN LTQ S
ZbS i]IMLRZWB:GJX?KFG G>u L ZWB:IFGzPRN LRQ SZWG\ƒL u „B:\SL P IzGlu D P B:\S ZbL aWXgPRN LRQ SW ™šDHDFB:\ q‹XbS LRdEi]S]IHBEKM\SZWG
mLRa P (€ ']qWL—ZWB:IFGzPRN LRQ S<GŒu ZbG bXbB:Z[L—GJ\ P LRZ[L—BEKFGJIFLOPRN LRQ S P S]\^S—S S]VrS]DHKFS ZWSi]IFLRZbBEGJX?KMGŒZ[L  abXgPTN LRQ S
S]f HGlKFBEˆRSXWS^VrS]X?KMS P SRIFIFGlX?KMGR   5 L > "%$#&
;
GL DHGJ`-a‹GJo X P BcLi]GJIFLRZ[L VrGJd:SLRdEi]S]IHBEKM\SZWGmLTa P €('KMGJ\ L> S]IH\L
$ 5 $ L
 
 H "J$)& ;


S]XbZbG  GŸu S P SR\^VbIHB:\GJX?KMSšZbS—V[LRDFDHS LRS d:S]XWi]SCZ[L ZbBEIFGPTN LRQ S XbS VrS]X?KMS gs S]IG „GJ\Vbd:Sbq
   $ 
DFG—abDMLTIF\S]DŒfbabD P LdEB:XbGJLRIG „bL KYLWq[SLRdEi]S]IFB KM\SZbGmLRa P € ' KFGJ\ L DFGli]abBEX-KFG  S]IF\^LW
   # 5  3 $ S  #(& + 
    .1(.  5  ! %5   +
3 1( 
" 
> "%$  & 5 +

      ,5  ,L H+   "J$  & ¢

 ( = 5 Z( 1(   %  .(, 31 ! ,  @ = 5' $ +  )
$  5 $  5 ,   (    $ + -5 Z( =   '!

,  !!!5 @
5  )
! ! (
 @

       (      

Ž D<\}Gyu KMSzZbS]D@`-abG}aWKFB:d:BE“”LR\ LTd:i]ab\ KMBEVOSƒZbG GJD KMIML KGJu iRBcL'V[LRIFL2L2S]fWKMGlXgPRN LTQ S6ZWG
P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:L+B:XWZbGJVrGJXbZWGJX?KMG ZbS+VrS]X?KMS B:XbB P BcLTdnD LTQ S P €[LR\^LRZbSRD^ZbG \}Gyu KMSzZbS]D>i]dES]f[LRBED S]a
\}Gyu KMSzZbS]DŸi]dES]f[LRdE\^GlX-KFG P S]X?ˆ]GJIHi]GJX?KFGJDJ
 a[LRXbZbSabDFLR\^SRDJqbV[LTIML ZbGlKFGJIH\^BEX[LRIŸS P S]\VbIHB:\GJX?KMS ZbSV[LRDHDFSbq[fWabD P LG „bL KYL>S]a
fbabD P L^BEXbGy„WLTKML>ZWG™|IF\B HSbqSLRdEi]S]IHBEKM\SZWG mLRa P € '2G—u i]dES]f[LRdE\^GlX-KFG P S]X?ˆRGJIFiRGJX?KMGTqOBEDHKMS GRu q
KMSzZbS VrS]X?KMS ZbG LTZbGJIJGJo X P BcL Z[L DHGJ`-a‹GJo X P BcL i]GlIMLRZbL VOGld:S LRdEi]S]IHBEKM\S GCu GJD KYL P B:S]XŒLTu IFB:SWqS]aDHG FLWq
   C
         :   #$#
KMSzZbS VOSRX-KFS>ZbG—LRZbGlIJGJo X P BcL Z[L DHGJ`-a‹GJo X P BcL>DML KMB:D ‘LR“—L P S]XWZbBHPTN LRQ S XbG P GJDHD[LRu IHBcL>ZbG SRKMBE\LTd:B:ZbLRZbG
ZbG—VbIFBE\^GlB:IMLS]IFZbGl\ 
™ZbGJ\S]XbD KMIMLrPRN LRQ S}`-abG LRVbIFGlDFGlX-KMLR\S]D LR`-abBpq|DFS]fbIHG L P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:Li]dES]f[LRd|ZbS
LRd:i]SRIFBEKF\^SZbGmLRa P (€ ' P S]\ fWabD P L^™šIH\^B HSbq˜G u  GlBEKYL VrS]I x S]Xb“”LTi?LT ( ¡ GJ\ XbSRKMLRDŒZbG LRabd:L
X LRQ S>VbabfbdEB P LRZ[LRDl
     <5  3    #(  +  .1(  5  ! % 5  &'  
)  


6  1(  !5 @  1(   , + '1(-1(   , 301*5  , 3-#(  1   0 #(& +  01(
 5  ! %5  &'
   0 ! + ( ,' &  @
 ! "%$  &
‚ abVrS]Xb€[LšVrS]IgLRfbDFaWIFZbSC`-abGnab\L‡DFGl`za‹GJo X P BcL q]iR$ GJ IMLTZ[LšVrGJd:SšLRd:iRS]IFB KM\SŸZbGŒ$m LRa P €(' P S]\
fb  ab5 D P LL HZbGš ™|" $ IF& \5 + B HSbq-VrS]DFDHabB aW\hˆTLRdES]IZbG LRZbGlIJGlo X P B:L X LRQ SGlDHKML P BES]XŒLRu IHB:Sb~\ qZWG [XbBE\^SRD
¢  ". "%$  & &
s GJd:L P S]XbZbB PRN LRQ SZWG™šIH\^B HS^ G"VO$ SR& I P SRX-KFB:X-abBEZ[LRZbG ZbG qŠKMGl\^SRDš`-abG Gu ZbG P IFGlD P GJX?KMG
G—KFGJ\UˆTLRdES]IZbG LRZWGJIJGlo X P B:L sS]IHKMLRX?KMSbqnG u P S]X?ˆ]GJIHi]GJX?KFGG—GJX?K LTQ Sbq
 d:BE\  ". "%$#& L  "%$   & &@5 ¢ N

" &
¡ #
$ "%$  &
nm S]\^S G u "%$ ˆTLR &d:S]IZbG<LTZbGJIJGJo X P BcL+ZbG $  *)*+ qŸ$ G  „WBEDHKFG<$  ab\ P S]X HaWX-KFS ' Œq KMLRd‡`zaWG<L
DFGJ`-a‹Glo X P $ B:L  5 *$ )    P S] X? ˆ] GJ IHi]G V[LRIFL qrB:DHKFS SGRu q =   š sIFB:\GJBEIMLR\GJX?KFGRq[ˆTLR\^SRD|\S]DHKFIMLRI
`zaWG DHG  q[VbLRIML KMSzZbS ! ŒqGJX?K LRQ S =  ¢ ACGC‘LTKFSbqWKFGJ\S]D
 "J$ & 5  "%$<
 
  #& :  "%$ &  
 H "J$#&    ;

 
G VrS]I KYLRX?KMSWq
 "%$  & LV "J$  & $
 L
  H "J$  &    5 
  
 & > "%$  & & q[ZWS]XbZbG—DFGli]abG
 
`-abG
 "J$  & L  "J$  & $ $ " &
H "J$  &  



 &

&

¢<; ¡ £
H J" $  & ) " N & S " N &
$ & &S]\5 + LTXbZbS d:BE\^B KMGlD^Gl\ ¡  £  qŒ V[LRIML ! ^q‡abDFLRXbZbS ¡ # G
 
VOS]BEHD   "%&$  & & H ¢ " 1
 & ¢ q P S]X P dEa u \S]DŒ`-abG = ¢ š™|DFDFBE\ qrV[LRIFL! DHa P BEGJX?KMG v
 
 & & =   &A
\^GlX-KFGiRIMLRXbZWGRq   ns A GJd:LRD‡VbIFS]VWIFB:GlZ[LRZbGlD|ZbLfbaWD P LabXbBEZbB:IHG P BES]X[LRd ZbG™|IF\B HSbq[‚GPTN LRQ S
¡  ( -,WqWV[LRIML !KYLRd `zaWG  qbKFGJ\S]D
: : N > "%$   Q   &    5 >  "%$  &   N
Q


¢


¢ 2; KMLRd‹`-abG ;
 
 
   C
         :   #?£
S
 S]\^LRXbZWSdEB:\BEKFGJD˜V[LRIML ! XbGlDFDMLTDšZba[LTD‡G „VbIFGlDFD SRQ GJDJqrS]fWKFGJ\S]D

Q  =
 5 L H  "%$  &    5 L H  " $9 &
<¢ ; = ;
> "$ &  5 > " $ &  
> 
   ;
" $ &   5 L > " $ & 5 +
^S `-abG P S]X?KMIFLRZbBE“ S>‘LTKFS^ZbG `-abG  & & ¢ q P SR\^VbdEGlKMLRXbZbSL>ZbGJ\S]XbDwv


KMIMLrPRN LRQ Sb D


™šBEXbZ[LKFGJ\S]D`-abGRq[DHG L abXgPTN LRQ S+G u P S]X?ˆ]Gy„WLWqrL DHGJ`-a‹GJo X P BcL i]GlIMLRZbL VOGld:S LRdEi]S]IHBEKM\S
ZbG mLTa P (€ ']q P S]\ fbabD P LZWG™|IF\B HSbqWKFGJ\ ab\ bua XWB P S ˆTLRdES]IŒZbGLTZbGJIJGJo X P BcLWq[ˆ]GlI # q (A( q ( £ p
Ž \^GlDF\S X LTQ SS P S]IHIFGDFGaWDMLRIH\^S]D fbabD P LdEB:XbGJLRI Gy„WLTKMLW ~\ (A( pqKMGJ\S]D ab\Gy„GJ\VbdES
ZbG@ab\^L  abXgPTN LRQ S P SRX-ˆRGy„WL P S]X?KMBEX-a[LR\GJX?KMG@ZWBE GJIHGJX P B LTu ˆRGJdCGl\ `-abG L DHGJ`-a‹Glo X P B:LWq|iRGJIMLTZ[L
VOGld:S LRd:iRS]IFB KM\SZbG mLRa P (€ ' P SR\)fbabD P L Gy„WLTKYLq KMGl\)`-a[LTKFIFS ˆRLTd:S]IHGJD ZbG LRZbGlIJGlo X P B:LW}™
‰gB:i]aWIML ¡ - ,B:d:aWDHKMIFLLTD P abI ˆTLRDnZbGšX u ˆRGJdrZ[L abXgPTN LRQ S % K ŒBEDHKFGJZ )bq`-abGšKMGl\ `-a[L KMIFSˆRLTd:S]IHGJDnZWG
LRZbGJIJGJo X P BcLW

‰gBEi]abIFL ¡ -,‰ŠaWXgPRN LRQ S KŒBEDHKMGlZ‹


|{ S GJX?KYLRX?KFSbq P S]\^S S@LTd:i]S]IHBEKF\^SZbGmLRa P €(' P S]\tfWabD P LGy„WLTKML$G^u iRd:S]f[LTd:\GJX?KMG
P S]X?ˆ]GlIFi]GlX?KMGRqrGJDHDFGlDš`-a[LTKFIFS ˆTLRd:S]IHGJDŸZbG LRZWGJIJGlo X P B:LD LRQ S>GJD KYL P B:S]XŒLTu IFB:SRDJ
   C
         :   #A@
       (       

Ž D‡IHGJDHabdEKMLRZbS]DŒ\^LRB:DBE\^VrS]I KYLRX?KMGlDDFSRfbIFG L P S]X?ˆRGJIFibGJo X P BcL^dES P LRd ZWSLRdEi]S]IHBEKM\SZWG


mLRa P €(' D LRQ SIFGyˆ]GldcLRZbSRD‡`-a[LTXbZbS^L> abX PRN LRQ S>S]f HGyKMB ˆ]S}G u `-a[LTZbI[LTu KFB P LW
sIFB:\GJBEIMLR\GJX?KFGRq]ˆTLR\S]D GlX-abX P B:LRI˜ab\ IFGlDFabd KYLRZbS P d”LRu DFDHB P SV[LRIFL— abX PRN LRQ SX LRQ S`-a[L v
ZbI[LTu KFB P LWq?S— GlS]IFGl\L ¡ ".  .W"%q?$ `- ab& &G|i]LRIMLRX?KFGRq-DFS]f P GlIHKMLRD€bB:VŒSTu KMGJDHGJDlq`-abG|L DFGJ`-a‹Glo X P B:LZbGŒˆTLRd:SRIFGJD
Z[L^ abXgPTN LRQ SS]f HGlKMB ˆ]S P S]X?ˆ] GlIFi]GTLVq‹V[ LR IFLSˆTLRdES]I|\  u  XWB:\SZbL^ abXgPTN LRQ SS]f HGyKMB ˆ]Sbq P S]\
ˆ]GJdES P B:Z[LTZbG %  ,  G P SR\UKYL „WL    q[S]XbZbG 1G $ D [ LRQ S>S\LTB:S]I G S\GJXbS]IŒLTaW KMSTv
ˆRLTd:S]IZbL>\^LTKFIFB:“š€bGJDHDFBcLTX[LZbL> abX PRN LRQ S>S]f HGyKMB ˆ]SXbS>VOS]X?KFS qb\B:XWB:\B:“”LTZbS]I˜d:S P LRdOZ[L 
 abLRXbZbSL  abXgPRN LTQ S}G—u `-"%$ a[ LR& ZbIbLTu KMB P L G P S]X?ˆRGy„WLWqrGJDHKFGIHGJDHabdEKMLRZbS>B:\Vbd:B P LXbL P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:L %
  , LVZ[ L  DHGJ`-a‹GJo X P BcL qbX[L XbSRIF\^L B:XbZbaW“JB:ZbL VOGldcL €bGlDFDFB:LRX[L>Z[L `-a[LRZbIbLTu KMB P LWq P S]\ KML „WL
    "GJI GJ\^L ¡  ( ¢ 
 Ž KMGlS]IFGl\L LDHGJi]abBEI˜‘LTdcL—Z[L SRIFZbGl\hZWG SRX-ˆRGJIHi[GJo X BcLZbLDFGl`-aGJo X BcLiRGJIMLTZ[LVrGJdES
P P P
LRd:i]SRIFBEKF\^SZbGmLRa P (€ ' P SR\ fbabD P L^dEB:XbGJLRIG „bL KYLWq[V[LTIML  abXgPTN LRQ S^SRf HGlKFBEˆ]S>X LTQ S`-a[LTZbI[LTu KFB P LW
     <5  3    + S 1(.1(  $ 5 [  S &(,G( , ( . 1  +  
6 ]  "J$[] & = = ) @ 6  ( '"J$ ,  & ' 951( 51 = +    * + & 9
#"
 (1  , 31  5 + 4/ 
5  , 3 $ [ #(  1     #(&" +  "J$  & (1 &   5 

! % 5 , 31 ! ,   +
 "J$[]& !, 4  #( =  , + ( LM 5  , 3 
 !, 4  #(
! +  , (  5  & 
 

  = ,1(  ( .    
%  ,    , + -
   "%$ [ & 
   ,   + 4 1( = !!  ! + 4  , +  @
   !  "G FLWq[VOSRIŸGy„GJ\Vbd:SWq ( .p D
 S 
lG \ fbIFLR\^SRD`-abGL G „WVWIFGJDHD LRQ S
 ) BEXbZbB P L `zaWG

KFGJ\ ZbGlIFB ˆRLTZ[LRD P ]S X?K”u X-a[LRD^LTKG u L
S]IFZbGl\ ¡ 
 a[LRXbZbS^L  ba XgTP N LRQ S^SRf HGlKFBEˆ]S —G u `-a[LRZbIbLTu KMB P L
 "%$&@5 ( $ $ 
¡  ;   $'
P S]\ \^LTKM$IHB:[ “ €bGlDFDHBcLRX[L ZbG bXbB:Z[LVOSRDFBEKFBEˆTLWq[L  abXgPTN LRQ S G u P SR-X ˆRGy„WLG KMGl\ aW\ bua XbB P S^\B:XWB v
\^BE“”LRZbSRI qb`-abG G u iRd:S]f[LTdpqzDMLTKFB:DH‘LT“JGJXWZbS
$[ 5 N " &
 ¢ ¡ @
   C
         :   #2
|{ GJD KMG P LTDFSbqGl\ -` abGL abXgPRN LTQ S0G u `-a[LRZWI[LTu KFB P Lq‹€ŒLu ab\^L S]IF\^LGy„Vbdp u P BEKYLVbLRIMLS P SR\^VbIHB v
\^GlX-KFS^ZWSV[LRDHDFS P ]S \ fbaWD P L^d:B:XWG”LRIŸG „bL KYLLTS^dES]Xbi]S>Z[L>ZbB:IHGPTN LRQ SZbGmLRa P €('Rq `-abG Gu Z[LTZbS
VOS]Il  5
    N
   
ACGC‘LTKMS
 "%$      & 5 ( "%$<   &  "%$<  )&    "J$<   & 
  

¡
5 
( $ $  $           $<     <
 
 
 

¡ ¡
5  "%$  &   $   

 
   <     !N
 

¡
ACGJIFB ˆTLRXbZbS G—B:iRa[LRdcLTXbZbS L>“JGlIFS

  "%$      & 5 $
            5
  

¢
S]fWKMGl\^SRD 5 L $      L      5 L "  $       &    N



H "J$  & 5 $    5 L > "%$  &>5 L " $  &


 G L<ZbBEIFGzPRN LRQ S ZbG mLRa P €(' G u
 
kLRD  
s S]I KYLRX?KMSWq 5         " &
¡ 2

;
G|u L  S]IH\L Gy„Vbdp u P EB KYL V[LTIML—S P S]\^VWIFB:\GJX?KFS ZWSV[LTDFDFSWq`-abG G u P LRd P abd:LRZbS—VOGld:SLRd:iRS]IFB KM\SšGJ\
P LRZ[L B KMGJIFLOPRN LTQ Sb " "J$  & &
Ž dEGJ\^LWqOLDFGli]abB:Ilq \S]DHKFIML`-abG>L P S]X?ˆ]Gl"%IF$ ib Glo & X P B:L %  ,  ZbLDFGJ`-a‹Glo X P B:L
B:\Vbd:B P L|XbL P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:L %  ,  Z[L DFGl`za‹GJo X P BcL q?X[L XbS]IH\LCBEXbZbab“lB:Z[LCVrGJd:LC€bGJDHDFBcLTX[L
Z[L `zabLRZbI[L u KMB P LW™1XbS]IH\L BEXbZbab“lB:Z[L VrS]IŸab\^L>\^LTKFIFB:“ G u ZbG [XWB:Z[L>VOGldcL GJ`-a[LrPRN LRQ Sb
$  5 $ $
& &  S]XWZbG $ S G S  N
J" $  &
 " <"J5 $   & & 3 
  6    "J$  & L  J" 5$[ &  : , 3 "  "J$  &@L  %" $ []& & @ 6  : ,5 A   $ 5[   , 3
  (

 +   9  = ,1( ¢   1 1(
   C
         :   #+
   @ @ , + ( $ L $ [ : ( $ L $ [ N


&  & & &
$ S
   !  [s LRIML KMSzZbS qWKMGl\^S]Dl
$>L $ [ 5 "%$HL $ [ & "%$HL $ [ &
5 $ $HL  $ $ [  $ [ $ [
  

& & 

5 $  $   $ $[ $ [
 
 

5  "%$& L  "%$  [ &]N


 
 

s S]IŒB:DHDFSbq
&
$   L $[ 5 ( "  "J$  & L  "J$ [ & &
&  : ( ¡ ."  "%$   & LV "J$ [ & &


5 ¡  $  L $[
& & ;
P S]\Vbd:GyKYLRXWZbS>LVWIFS ˆTLW "%$  & D
 GlXbZbS—GJ\ˆzB:DHKMLCGJD KMGŒIFGlDFabd KYLRZbSWq]i]S]D KYLRIJ u LR\S]DgZWGŸDMLRfrGJI DHGŒL DFGJ`-a‹Glo X P B:L KMGJ\
P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:L %  ,  X[L>XbS]IF\^L GJa P d:BEZbBcLTX[LWqW`-abG<G—u L>XbS]IF\^L \^LRB:DaWDFa[LRd 
~\ fOSRIML LRD XbS]IH\LRD GJ\ DFG FLR\hGJ`-abBEˆTLRdEGJX?KMGlDJqWLˆ]Gld:S P B:ZbLRZbGšZWG P S]X?ˆRGJIFibGJo X P BcL
%  ,  ZbGlVOGlXbZbGZ[LXbS]IH\LW ~ „BEDHKMGl\ DFGl`-aGJo X P BcLRD `-abG P S]X?ˆRGJIFiRGJ\ P S]\ ˆ]Gld:S P B:ZbLRZbG %
 ,  Gl\ ab\^L+XbSRIF\^LWqŸ\LTDX LRQ S Gl\ S]aKMIML Ž D~g„GJ\VbdES]D ¡ G ,WqŒZ[L}‚zGPRN LTQ S (  ¡  ( q
B:d:aWDHKMIFLRIMLT\ GlDHKMG ‘LTKFSb "%$  &
™šDHDFB:\ q-S ‘L KMS—Z[LDHGJ`-a‹Glo X P B:L P S]X?ˆ]GlIFi]BEI P S]\ ˆ]Gld:S P BEZ[LRZbG %  ,  XbL XbSRIF\^L
B:XbZbaW“JB:ZbL VrGJd:L €bGlDFDHBcLRX[LZ[L`-a[LRZWI[LTu KFB P Lq X LRQ Sƒi]LRIMLRX?KFG DHa[L P SRX-ˆRGJIHi[GJo X P BcL %  ,  X[L
XbS]IF\^L GJa P d:B:ZWBcLRX[Lƒ~\ nGlIHKMDHG LRD ¡ qGlX P S]X?KFIMLR\S]Dab\ IFGlDFabd KYLRZbS X[L XWS]IF\^L<GJa P d:B v
ZbBcLRXbLWqb`-abG GJDHKMLRfrGJd:G P G L>\^Gld:€bS]IKML „WL ZbG P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:L^V[LRIFL ab\L  abX PRN LRQ S`-a[LRZbIbLTu KMB P L>G
P S]X?ˆ]G „WL^Z[LRZbLVrS]IJ $   L $ [  : LV
& $  L $[ &   ;
& & 

¡ 5 
P S]\tV[LTDFDFS P S]XWDHKYLTX-KFG     q S]XWZbG hG D LRQ S S\^LRBES]ICGS \GJXbSRILTaWKMS ˆTLRd:SRI Z[L
\LTKFIFBE“€bGlDFDHBcLRX[LZbL abXgPRN LTQ S`zabLRZbI[L u KMB P LW ‚S]\GJX?KFG XbGJD KYLIFGy GJIJGJo X P BcLGJX P S]X?KMIFLR\^SRDCab\^L
KYL „WLZbG P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:L<X[L@XbS]IH\L GJa P d:B:ZWBcLRX[L@~DHKML S]Bnab\^L\SRKMB ˆTLOPRN LRQ S V[LRIFLGJD KMabZbLRI
L ˆRGJd:S P BEZ[LRZbG ZbG P S]X?ˆ]GJIHibGJo X P BcLqŸZ[L DHGJ`-a‹Glo X P B:L i]GlIMLRZ[L VrGJd:S LRdEi]S]IFB KM\SZbGmLRa P €('RqŸX[L
XbS]IF\^L Gla P dEB:ZbB:LRX[LW Ž aWKMIFL\SRKMB ˆRLrPRN LRQ S ˆ]Gl\’Z[L<‰ B:i]abIFL ¡  # qg`zaWG\^SRDHKMIFLS@ZbG P IzGJu D P B:\S
Z[LRDšZWB:DHK LRo X P BcLRDŒGJa P d:BEZbBcLTX[LRDŒGJX?KMIHG LRD|BEKFGJIMLrPRN S]Q GlD|Z[L^DFGJ`-a‹Glo X P B:Li]GlIMLRZ[LVOGld:SLRd:i]SRIFBEKF\^S ZWG
mLRa P (€ ']
   C
         :   #.
4

−1

−2

‰gBEi]abIFL ¡  #  Ž KMIFLHGlKFS^ZWS^LTd:i]S]IHBEKF\^SZbGmLRa P €(']


−1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

CA G‡‘L KMSbq-\S]DHKFIMLR\S]D`-abGšGlDFDFGšZbG P IzGJu D P BE\^S G u  ,  q-`zabLRXbZbS S\}Gyu KMSzZbS ZbG mLRazv
P € ' P S]\)fbaWD P L d:BEXbG”LTI Gy„WLTKML=G u LRVbdEB P LRZbS L<ab\^L< aWXgPRN LRQ S `-a[LRZWI[LTu KFB P Lq P S]X?ˆ]Gy„WLW ™šdyGJu \
ZbB:DHDFSbq[G „WBEfbB:\S]DŒL KYL „bL>ZbG P S]X?ˆRGJIFibGJo X P BcL^`-abGTq P S]\S>XbS^GJSRIFGJ\^L ¡ -.qbGJD KŠL^u IHGJd:L P BES]X[LRZ[L
P S]\ SRDŒLRaWKMS ˆTLRdES]IFGlDŸZ[L€WGJDFDHBcLRXbLZ[L `-a[LRZWI[LTu KFB P L
†|DFLRIFGl\^S]D—S]D IHGJDHabdEKMLRZbS]D—ZbS]D GJ\^LRD ¡  (A( G ¡  ( ¡ V[LRIFL \S]D KMIMLTI ab\ IHGJDFaWdEKYLTZbS
S]IFBEi]B:X[LTdpOLDFGJ`-a‹Glo X P B:L|i]GlIMLRZbLVOGld:SŒ\}Gyu KMSzZbSŸZbG˜mLRa P € ' P S]\8fWabD P L‡dEB:XbGJLRI‹Gy„WLTKML P S]X?ˆ]GlIFi]GTq
P S]\jˆ]Gld:S P B:ZbLRZbG %  ,  X[LXbS]IH\L^GJa P d:B:ZWBcLRX[Lq V[LRIFLS=bua Xb"%$ B P  S& \B:XbBE\^BE“”LRZWS]IŒZ[L abXgPTN LRQ S
`zabLRZbI[L u KMB P LWqbG—`-abG L>KML „WL ZbG P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:L^Z[L DHGJ`-a‹GJo X P BcL G—u BEi]a[LRd L
L  N
( 
S
 <S 5  3   5+
 6    =    + &  .1( , 310 5 + 4 @ #" , + ( =   + 1( 4 + 
>= ¢ = +  '% 5  
"  &&8"  &  & : (N
  

   !  ŠmnS]\S G—u ZbG [XWB:Z[L VrS]DFB KMBEˆTL VrSZWG DFGJIŒGlD P IHBEKMLX[L  S]IH\L
5  5 "
 
   
 &"   
 & 5 ;
 
S]XbZbG LRD P SRd:abX[LTDŸZbG D LRQ S>S]D‡LRaKMS Rˆ]Gy5 KMS]"IHGJD‡S] IHKFS]XbS]& IH\LRBEDZbG G G—u L\^LTKMIHB:“|ZbBcLRiRS]X[LRd
ZbS]D‡LRaWKFS ˆTLRdES]IFGlDŸZbG ™1\^LTKMIHB:“  G—u DFBE\}Gyu KMIHB P LACGC‘LTKMSWq 

5 "

   
 & 5 >"   & 5
   
 5 N
   C
         :   £T¢
™šDFDHB:\ qbVrSZbGl\^SRDŸGJD P IFGyˆ]GJIl
5  
  5     5 dES]i]S 5  N
    ( P S]\ 
5
sgLRIFL>SRfWKMGlI|L G „WVWIFGJDHD LRQ SLRXŒLRu dES]i?L P ]S \

q[GJD P IFGyˆ]GJ\S]D q[LTDFDFBE\ 
5 "  & 5 "  &  5 "  & 
 5  "  &   5 
     

 ; G 5  N
 
  ((
 
P S]\ (


nm S]\ B:D KMSbqWS]fWKMGl\^SRDJ  5 "  &


"   && "  &  & "  & " &N


   ( 
(
s GJd:L ZbGJDHB:i]a[LTd:Z[LRZWG ZbG  5  %76 5#8 :9 qWKMGl\^S]DŸ`-abG
: " &" &
U(   U (  (   
 K " 8& ( " & : (
((  U(   U ;


5  " &   5  " &   5  "  &  5  


S]XbZbG ( ( U  U U   U U  U U  U  s S]Iwv
       
U U
KYLRX?KMSWq  : "   & 5  "  & 5


"   & " &  &
&
  
U(   U

U U

(;
P S]\Vbd:GyKYLRXWZbS>LVWIFS ˆTLW D
$1S $ 5+  5 L $ S
 <5  3   3 3 1(  5   = ¢= 5 !  =    + &  
#"    @ , + ( =
1( , 31- 5 + 4 

: $$  $$ N 

  

$ $E5 $ 0" L &@5RL $E5RL 0" L  & 5 


  
$   ! $ b5 GJ$ \S]"0L DŒ`-ab G &@5  " L $&   5       
qbG
 
   ™|DFDHB:\ q
$ $ 5 "  & "  & 5 
$  $       "   && "  &  & N



   
  

s GJdES  lG \L ¡  (A( qKMGJ\S]DŸ`-abGT


$ $ 5 
$  & : (N


$ " & &8"  & 
   
   C         :   £<(
s S]I KYLRX?KMSWq  : $$  $ N
$
 

D

"˜LR\S]DŒLRDFDHab\B:IŒLRi]SRIMLWqDFGJ\ VrGJIHZ[L>ZbG—i]GJXbGlIMLRdEB:Z[LTZbG q[`zaWG G—u Z[L  S]IF\^L


 "%$&@5 ( $ $N " &


¡  ¡ -+

    <5  3  >  
, 4  #  , 3 5 1(  #(& +   1(  5  ! % 5   + ,
,       313, "J$  &
,  31( ! &,G(   1  +  = !, 4  11   @  
5  , 3 #(  1
     #(& +   @@ , + ( = $ 
&  &
 :

$
& &;

S
  + 1( !  = ! 5 L  " &
 (  ¡ -.

,1(   ( =  !  ! + 4  , +  =    , *     + 4 1. + & 9 C@
   !  bGJ\S]DŒ`-abG
&
$    5 "%$  & $ 
& 5 "%$        & "J$      &
 

 


5 "%$  & $      "%$  &      "   &  


 ¡   ; 

" &   5 L H "J$  & 5 L $  qnLRDFDHB:\


S]"  Xb Zb& G  L  ZW5 B:IF"%Gz$ PRN LRQ &S bZ G $ m LRa P €(' V[LRIFL L< abXgPTN LRQ S ¡  + G u
  G
&
$  
&
 5 $ & 
 "J$  & $    "J$  & $ 
L
& $  L ¡ "J$  &  $   "J$  &  $ 
   

:
& $  & L ¡ "%$  &  $   
 
  
5 

  ; 
& & 

$ 5
S]XbZbGLZbGJDHB:i]abLRd:Z[LTZbG^ˆRGJ\ZbS GJ\^L ¡  ( ¡ @‚G
 ¢ X LRS@€ŒLu XbLRZ[L@L Q ‘LT“JGJIl@™šDHDFBE\ q
  + FK79  N
   C
         :   £R¡
$  5+
LRDFDHab\^BE\^SRD`-abG ¢ s S]IŒBEDFDFSWq
$ 
& $ & : L   "%$ "%$  & & $ $   5 L "   &   %" $  & $   N " &
"   &    ! "%$  & $ 
 

& &



( !
 ( 

  ¡ ( ¢
S
mnS]\^S’uG ZbG [XbBEZ[LVrS]DHBEKMB ˆTLWqGlX?K LRQ SV[LRIFL>KFSZbS  ‹qWKFGJ\ vžDFG

 :   :  ;

 IFGlVbIFGlDFGlX-KMLR\ qrIHGJDHVOG P KMB ˆTLR\^GlX?KMGRq[S>\GJXbSRIŸG \^LRBES]IŸLRaWKFS ˆRLTd:S]IZbL>\^LTKFIFB:“ 
S]XbZbG G 1
5  "  &   : "  &  
sgLTIML  KMGl\^SRDJ    G
V[LRIFL  5 $  KMGl\^SRDJ   $ "%$  &  $  ;
"J$  & $
LRDFDHB:\ ;
"   &   "J$  & $  $ 
"   &    ! "%$  & $  (
  
L "   &   "J$  & $  : L 
"   &    ! "J$  & $ 

 

" &
 
‚abfbD KMBEKFabB:XWZbS>GJ\ ¡  (”¢ qbSRfWKMGl\^S]Dl
$ 
& $   & 
 
: L 
& & (  ;
P S]\Vbd:GyKYLRXWZbS>LVWIFS ˆTLW D
~DHKMGCKFGJS]IHGJ\^L+GCu ab\hIFGlDFabd KYLRZbS SRIFB:iRB:X[LRd[ZWGJDHKML ZbB:DHDFGJI KYLOPTN LRQ Sb™|`zaWBpqWXWS ˆTLR\GJX?KFG L
KYL „WLZbG P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:L Z[L DFGl`za‹GJo X P BcL GJD KŠL u IFGldc" L P B:S]& XbLRZ[L P S]\hS]DLRaKMS ˆTLRd:S]IHGJD Z[L \L KMIFBE“
€bGJDHDFBcLTX[L Z[L `-a[LRZbIbLTu KMB P LWACGL P S]IHZbS P S]\ ¡ -. q `-a[LTX-KFS\GJXbSRI— SRIL ZbB  GJIFGlXgP N L GJ5R X?KMIH G
S\^LRB:S]IŒGS\GJXbS]IšLRaWKFS ˆTLRdES]IŒZ[L^€WGJDFDHBcLRXbLWq \^LRB:DŒIbLRu VbB:ZbL}G u L P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:LW ‚zG  q
GJX?K LRQ S LTD P aWIHˆTLRD ZbG X‹ u ˆ]GldgZ[L abXgPRN LTQ SS]f HGlKFBEˆRSD LRQ SGlDH GlIMLRD G L P S]X?ˆ]GlIF$ib[ Glo X P B:LS P S]IFIHGGJ\
ab\VbLRDFDHSb{|LRDCDHBEKMabLOPRN S]Q GlD GJ\ `-abG>LRD P aWIHˆTLRDCZbG X‹ u ˆ]GldgGl\KMSRIFXbSZbG D LRQ S LRdES]Xbi?LRZbLRDJq
B:DHKFS'GRu q`-a[LRXWZbSLZbB  GJIHGJXgP N L GlX?KMIFG>S\^LRB:SRIšG \GJXbS]I—LTaWKMS ˆTLRd:SRI G u i]IFLRXbZbGTq LˆRGJdES P B:Z[LRZWG
ZbG P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:LKFGJXbZbG L ZbBE\^BEXzaWB:IJ
   C
         :   £,
- !      

|{ GlDHKYL@DHGPTN LRQ S<ZbB:D P aWKFB:IHGJ\S]DS]aKMIML GJD P S]d:€bL@abDFa[LTdnZ[LZWB:IFGzPRN LRQ S XbS@™|d:i]S]IHBEKF\^S

¡  # L>ZWB:IFGzPRN LRQ S>ZbG {‡G ŸKMSRX‹
"CBE\^S]D`-abG‡ab\^L " P S]& XbZbB PRN LRQ S XbG P GJDHD[LRu IHBcL V[LRIML—`-abG‡ab\ VOSRX-KFS $TS DFG FL DFS]dEagPRN LTQ S


ZbS>VbIFS]fWd:GJ\^L B:IHIFGlDHKMIHBEKFS Gu > "%$&@5 N " &


¢ ¡  (A(
" &
Ž a DFG FLWqrV[LRIML>GJX P S]X?KMIFLRI‡S]D|Vr" S]DHD” u ˆR& GJBED|VrS]X?KMS]D P LTXbZbB:ZbLTKMS]D L>e DFS]dEagPRN LRQ SZbSVbIFSRfbd:Gl\L q


ZbGlˆRGJ\S]D|IHGJDHS]dEˆRGJIŒS>DFB:D KMGl\L ¡  (A( qbi]GlIMLRdE\^GlX?KMG X LRQ S>dEB:XbGJLRIJ


‚WLRfrGJ\S]D`-abGab\’\ Glu KFSZWSG  P B:GlX?KMGV[LTIMLIHGJDFSRdEˆ]GlIDHB:DHKFGJ\^LRD ZWGGJ`-a[LOPTN S]Q GJD+G^u  S
\}Gyu KMSzZbS<ZbG {|G ŸKMS]X q˜ˆRG FLWq˜VOSRI Gy„GJ\Vbd:SWq £  ™|DFDFBE\ qDHG L< aWXgPRN LRQ S Gu ZbG P dcLRDH5 DFG >)  q
VOSzZbGJS \S]D LRVbdEB P LRI S\}Glu KFSZbS ZbG{|G ŸKFS]X V[LTIML L  abXgPTN LRQ  S   = ‹qS]XbZWG 
G ) "%™h$& DFGl5 `za‹GJo X P BcLi]GlIMLRZbL VrGJdES \}Glu KFSZbS ZbG^{|G ŸKMS]X VbLRIML IFGlDFS]d ˆ]GJIS DHB:D KMGJ\^L ZWG
GJ`-a[LOPTN S]Q GJD  ¢ G—u Z[L  S]IF\^L
$ 5 $<  

 ;
  G—u VOS]IŸZWG [XbB PRN LRQ SWq
S]XbZbG   5 L " M"J$)& & 

"%$ &ON
™ \ L KMIFBE“
M"%$ &
G u L ]L P S]fbB:LRX[LZ[L abXgPRN LTQ S OqOB:D KMSGTu q
 "J$  & 5
M    "%$  &
—mnS]\B:D KMSbqOL
DFGJ`-a‹Glo X P B:L^i]GlIMLRZbL>VrGJdES>\}Gyu KMSzZbS ZbG {|G ŸKMS]X‹qŠVrSZWG DFGJIŒGlD P IHBEKML P S]\^S
$   5 $  L "   "J$  & & >  "%$  O& N
 

~ D KYL BEKMGlIMLOPTN LRQ S GJDHK[Lu M $  &ZbG [XbB:ZbL DFGL \^LTKMIHB:“]L P S]fbB:LRX[L Z[L  abX PRN LRQ S OqS]a GJ`-abBEˆTLRdEGJXv
frGJ"%\t
KMGJ\GJX?KFGRqL\LT$ KF IFBE“ €bGJDHDFB:LRX[L Z[L abXgPRN LTQ S q  SRI X LRQ S DFBEXbi]abd:LRIJ™šdyGlu \ ZbBEDFDHSbq DFG>S
VOS]X?KFSB:XWB P B:LRd GJDHKFBEˆRGJIDHa P B:GJX?KFGJ\GJX?KMGVWI[STu „B:\S Z[L DHS]d:a PRN LRQ SbqGJX?K LRQ S@L DFGJ`-a‹Glo X P B:L@LRDwv
DFB:\Ui]GJIFLRZ[LWqŠ€bGlIFZ[LLRD‡\^GlDF\^LRDŒVbIFS]VWIFB:GlZ[LRZbGlD|ZWS^\}Glu KFSZbSZbG{|G ŸKMS]X V[LRIML>DFBEDHKFGJ\^LRD|ZWG
GJ`-a[LOPTN S]Q GJDlqrSRa DHG FLWq[VrS]DFDHabB P SRX-ˆRGJIHi[GJo X P BcLd:S P LRdO`zabLRZbI[L u KMB P LW
" †|& \ \^SzZbS^GJ`-abBEˆTLRdEGJX?KMGZbG ZbG [XbB:IšS\}Gyu KMSzZbSZbG {|G ŸKFS]X V[LRIFLIFGlDFS]d ˆ]GJIšSVbIFSTv


fbd:Gl\L q G u P SR\^S'aW\ VbIHS P GJDHDFS2BEKFGJIFLTKMB ˆ]Sƒ`-abG P S]XbDHB:DHKFG GJ\ \B:XbBE\^BE“”LRIlqšGJ\ P LTZ[L


BEKMGlIMLOPTN LRQ SbqWL^LRVWIFS”„B:\^LOPRN LRQ S `-a[LTZbI[LTu KFB P L> ZbL  aWXgPRN LRQ SS]f HGyKMB ˆ]Sb
sgLRIFLB:D KMSbqgLRDFDHab\B:\S]D`-abG Gu ZWG P d:LRDFDHG ) GGJD P IHGlˆ]Gl\^SRD DFa[L<LRVWIFS”„B:\^LOPRN LRQ S
   C          :   £#
$ S
`zabLRZbI[L u KMB P L XzaW\L ˆzB:“lB:Xb€[LTXgP N L ZbSVOSRX-KFS P ]S IHIFGJX?KFG 
 "%$    &  "  &@5  "%$  & H "%$  &   (  M"%$  &  " &
¡   ¡ ( ¡
S]XbZbG
M"J$  & ZbGJXWSRKYL $ 
L  \^LTKFIFB:“n€bGJDHDFBcLTX[L ZbL— abX PRN LRQ S XWSVrS]X?KMS ‚zabVOSRXbZbS z` aWG KMGJ\

ab\ \B:XbBE\^BE“”LRZbSRIJq qbGlX?K LRQ SGJdEG ZWGlˆ]G FD GlIŒab\ VrS]X?KMSGJDHKML P BES]XŒLRu IHB:SbqB:D KMS GRu q
  "  & 5 N
¢
" &
ACGJIFB ˆTLRXbZbS ¡  ( ¡ G—B:i]a[LTdcLRXbZWS L“lGJIHSbq[S]fWKFGJ\S]DJ
  "   & 5H "J$  &  M"%$  &   5
M"%$  &   5 ¢L H
  "J$  O
&N

‚G
M"%$  &@5   ] "%$  &
G u BEX-ˆRGJI K  u ˆRGJd q[GJX?K LRQ S>SV[LRDHDFSZbG {|G ŸKFS]X6G u ZbLRZbSVOS]Il
  5 L " M"J$)& & >  "%$#&ON


™šDFDHB:\ q P SR\^S
$   5 $  
qWKMGl\^SRD‡`-abG
$ 5 $ L "  "%$)& & >  "%$#&
 
 ;
G u L DHGJ`- a‹Glo X P B:L i]GlIMLRZbL@VOGld:S<\}Glu KMSzZbS<ZbG ‡{ G ŸKFS]X % bV abIFS$)bqGJ\ `-abG S P SR\^VbIHB:\GJX?KMSZbS
V[LRDFDHS  G—u DFGl\^VbIHG—B:i]a[LTdL ( 
Ž LRdEi]S]IHBEKM\SZWG{‡G ŸKMSRX KFGJ\ L FD Gli]abBEX-KFG  S]FI \^L P S]\V[L P KYLW
   #  5  3 $  ' S   #(& +  
 1(  8 + ,
3 15 (
! ¢ > "%$  & 5 +

    , ,M+ %"  $  &  5 L > ¢ "%$  &
$  !5@ 5 4 $   

 5  5! 4 


 ‚ G P S]X?ˆ]GJIHi]B:Ilq GJD KMGVWIFS P GJDHDFS<B KMGJIFLTKMB ˆ]S P " S]X?& ˆRGJIFiRGV[LRIML ba \VOS]X?KFS@GJD KYL P B:S]XŒLTu IFB:S
Z[L q`-abG‡VOSzZbG‡X LRQ S DFGlIL—DFS]dEagPRN LRQ S ZbSVbIFS]fWd:GJ\^L ; q-DHGJXbZbSab\  \ L „WBE\^BE“”LRZWS]I S]aVOSRX-KFS
ZbG—DFGJd:LW
   C
         :   £R£
š™ dyGJu \UZWB:DFDHSbqbS VbIHS P GJDHDFSMVOSz"%$Zb& G ZbB ˆ]GJIHi]B:I DFG L \^LTKMIHB:“C€bGl$DFDHBcS LRX[L  S]In\LRd P S]XWZbB P B:STv
X[LRZ[L>S]aDHB:XbiRabdcLRIl‚zGL\LTKFIFBE“ G u ZbG [XWB:Z[LVOS]DHBEKF"JBE$ˆT& L GJ\ ‹qŠGJX?K LRQ SLZbB:IHGPRN LTQ S
ZbG {|G ŸKFS]X0G u aW\L ZbBEIFGPTN LRQ S>ZbG—ZbGJD P BEZ[LW˜ACGC‘LTKMSWq G—u ZbG [XbBEZ[L VOS]DHBEKFBEˆTL G
> "%$&  5 L H "%$& 
   "%$& > "%$&XA ¢ N

u B:X?KFGJIFGlDFDFLRX?KMG+XWSRKYLRI`-abG DFG L  abXgPTN LRQ S_G u `-a[LRZWI[LTu KF" B P L & P SR\ €bGJDHDFB:LRX[L X LRQ S
~U 

DFB:XWi]abdcLTIJqr GJX?K LRQ SS\ Glu KFSZWSZbG {‡G ŸKMSRX IHGJDHS]dEˆR G "J$S& Vb5 IFSRfbd:$ Gl\ L $C GJ\ $C ab\^LBEKFGJIMLrPRN LRQ SbCACG
‘LTKMSbqODFG G u X $LTQ [ SDFB:XWi]abdcLTIJqrGJX?K LRQ S L abX PRN LRQ S (    $ —K MGJ\ab\ Wua XbB P S
¡
\^BEXbB:\B:“JLRZbS]I q[`-abG G u i]d:S]fbLRdpqG—LV[LTIHKMBEIZbG—`-a[LRdE`zaWGJIŒVOSRX-KFS^BEXbB P BcLRd qWKFGJ\S]DŒ`zaWGR
 5 L "  O "%$ & & >  "%$ &
   

 5 L  " $  &  

GL VbIbSTu „B:\^L BEKFGJIMLrPRN LRQ S G u Z[L  S]IF\^LW
$
5 $   5 $ L  " $  &
    

$ 5 $ L $ L  5 L N      
 
> %" $[ & 5  $[  5 K $[ 5IL  $ 5 $[
qS]a DFG FLWq S \ Glu KFSZWS
 
kLRDJq  ¢ $ [  š ™ DHDFBE\ q
ZbG{|G ŸK$ FS]X GJX P S]X?KMIML LDFS]dEagPRN LTQ S q Gl\ ab\ bua XWB P S V[LTDFDFSWq LV[LTIHKMBEICZbG>`-a[LRdE`zaWGJI—VOSRX-KFS

B:XbB P BcLTd ™‰gBEi]abIML ¡  £ B:dEabDHKFIML GlDHKMG—‘LTKFSb

x*
d

x0

‰gBEi]abIFL ¡  £ ˜k6Glu KFSZbS>ZbG {‡G ŸKMSRXV[LRIFL  abXgPRN LTQ S^`-a[LRZWI[LTu KFB P L

™šDHDFB:\ qzV[LRIML`zabLRd:`-abGlI  abXgPTN LRQ S qLZbBEIFGz PRN LRQ SZbG $ |{ G ŸKMS]XƒG|u LR`-abGldcL`-abGTqWGJ\ P LTZ[L
BEKMGlIMLOPTN LRQ S !Oq[\B:XbBE\^BE“”L S\SzZbGJdES `zabLRZbI[L u KMB P S>Z[L Gl\ 
   C
         :   £B@
      (    
M"%$&
 

C" $BE\^S S]D -` abGT" qgDHGL \LTKFIFBE “  " & q €bGlDFDHBcLRX[L Z[L  abXgPRN LTQ S S]f HGlKMB ˆ]Sbq G>u ZbG [XW& B:Z[L VOSTv
DFBEKFBEˆTLGJ\ G>VOSRIHKYLTX-KFS ! G u P S]X?K” u X-a[LGZWG [XbBEZ[LVOSRDFBEKFBEˆTLGJ\ q GJX?K LRQ S
L ZWB:IFGzPRN LRQ S ZbG {|G ŸKMS]XhG u ab\L<ZbBEIFGzPRN LRQ S ZbG ZbGlD P BEZ[LWƒ‚ GJXW5 ZbS+L LT DFDFBE\ "J$ q˜ B:& X?>KFIF Sz"%Zb$ ab “J& BE\^SRD ab\^L
fbabD P LaWXbB:ZbBEIFG P B:SRX[LRdOLRS>d:S]XbiRS Z[L ZbB:IHGPRN LTQ S ZbG {|G ŸKFS]X qbGl\ P LTZ[L
BEKMGlIMLOPTN LRQ SbqV[LRIML>`-abG—SLRd:i]SRIFBEKF\^SDFG FLi]dES]f[LRdE\^GlX?KMG P S]X?ˆ]GJIHi]GJX?KFGR
Ž KFGJS]IHGJ\^LLDFGli]abB:Iši?LRIMLTX-KFG `-abG S LRd:iRS]IFB KM\S^ZbG>{‡G ŸKFS]X P S]\fbabD P L ZWG ™šIwv
\^B HS GCu iRd:S]f[LTd:\GJX?KMG P SRX-ˆRGJIHi]GJX?KMGTq[B:D KMS GTu qKMSzZbSˆTLRdES]IZbG LRZWGJIJGlo X P B:L Z[LDHGJ`-a‹GJo X P BcL iRGJIMLTZ[L
VOGld:S LRd:i]SRIFBEKF\^SWq‹B:XbZWGJVrGJXbZbGlX?KMGZbS VOSRX-KFS BEXbB P BcLRd qCG^u aW\VrS]X?KMS GJD KYL P B:S]XŸLRu IFBES Z[L  abXgPTN LRQ S
S]f HGlKFBEˆRSb
$  S   <5  3   65 ,5 *  
  1(  !5  )   O "J$&

 1( , 31  5 + 4   + 1( #"
@ , ( '* #(&  *1( 
+ +  8 + , ! %5   '    # %!   , +  !, 4  #( , +  @
"%$  &
   !  ˜‚abVrS]Xb€bL rV S]ILRfbDFaWIFZbS `zaWGab\^$ L<DFGJ`-a‹Glo X P B:L qiRGJIMLTZ[L >VrGJ dES+"$ LT& d:i]5 + S]IHBEKF\^S@ZWG
${| G ŸKFS]X‹qbVrS]DHDFabBab\hˆTLRd:S]I Zb"%G—$ LR& Zb*Gl)*IJ+ Glo X P B:L X LRQ S GlDHKML P BES]XŒLRu IHB:SbqB:DHKFS GRu q ¢ ˜mnS]\S
"%$ G u & ˆT*)LRdES]IšZbGLRZWGJIJGlo X P B:L$  ZbG $  qGy „B:D$  KMG ab\ $  P S]X HabX?KFS '   5 ‡qLKM LRd `-8ab"$G>& LHDF Gl"`z$ a‹& GJo 5 +X P BcL
 P S]X?ˆ]GlIFi]$ G V[LRIFML "J$q[& BEDHKFS GTu q = ~\ q[ZbG [XbB:M\"%S]$D & ¢
$ S mnS]\S " = Gu ab\^L  abX PRN LRQ S P S]X?K  u X-a[ L@"J$G & & Gu ZbG [XWB:Z[L@VrS]DFB KMB ˆRL V[LRIFL
KMSzZbS G VOS]I KYLRX?KFS" S"J$ \^ & Gl& DF\SˆTLRdEG VbLRIML qr GJX?K LRQ SLZbB:IHGPRN LTQ  S^"%$ Zb G& {|G ŸK M"S]$ X$& G u


ZbG ZbGJD P BEZ[LW "%$   Gl& \^+ SRD `-"ab$W G & + GCu ZbG P IHGJD P GJX?KMGS G P S]\S G u P SRX-K” u X-a[LWq = G
VOS]I KYLRX?KFS = ™šDHDFB:\ qbV[LTIML KMSzZbS ! 
 d: BE\  ". "%$#& L  "%$  & &@5 ¢ N 

$ 5 $   S
"˜LR\^SRD ! ŒqKMGl\^S]S D "  =  & ¢ ACG
  
^\ S]D KMIFLRI `-abGRq P S]\  qV[LRIFLKFSZWS
‘ LTKMSb) qŠKMGl\^SRD|VrGJd:L P SRXbZbBHPTN LRQ SZbG™šIH\^B HSbqŠ`zaWGV[LRIFLLRdEi]ab\^LBEX P dEB:X[LOPTN LRQ S <¢ ;( qrG „B:DHKFG
 ¢ KMLRd‹`-abGR
 "%$ & 5  "%$ 
 
  #&X:  "J$)&    H "%$)&     

G VrS]I KYLRX?KMS  "%$  & LM "%$  & $
 L 
 > "%$  &    N


   C
         :   £/2
H "J$  &  A
mnS]\^S

 ¢ qWKMGl\^SRDJ
 J" $  & L  "J$  & $ $ N
L H "J$  &  



  ¢
S
 S]\^LRXbZWSdEB:\BEKFGJD˜V[LRIML ! ^q
 J" $  & L  "J$  & $  $ N
  


  d: BE\ *)  L H


  J
" $ &

   :
d E
B
   
\ 
* ) ¢
."  "%$#& L  "%$ & & 5 ) H "J$  &  

H " $
 &  A
mnS]\^S$ d:BE\   =   ¢ q[GJX?K LRQ S

 ¢ q ¢ G
 $  $
 N   dE B:\ ) 
¢ ¢


s JG dES KMGJSRIFGJ\^L ZbS P S]XW IHS]X?KMSbq P S]X P d:abB vžDHG `zaWG  G u P S] X?ˆ]AGlIFi]GlX?KMGG  =  ¢ 
 

mnS]X P dEa u \S]D`-abG V[LRIFL !OqbDFa  P BEGJX?KMGl\^GlX-KFGi]IFLRXbZbGTq "   & A


s GldcLRD VbIFS]VWIFB:GlZ[LRZbGlDZ[L fbabD P L ZbGš™|IF\B HS ‚GzPRN LRQ S ¡  ( -, qVbLRIML !>YK LRdŠ`-abG


KMGJ\S]D
: : :  H "J$   Q   &    5 >  "%$  &   N
Q


¢


¢Z; 2 ; YK LRd `zaWG ;




 

S
 S]\^LRXbZWSdEB:\BEKFGJD˜V[LRIML ! XbGlDHKYLTD|ZbabLRDŒGy„VbIFGlDFD S]Q GJDlq ]S fWKFGJ\S]D
Q  =  Z¢ ;


G H "J$< #&    5  d:B:\ *)  > "%$#&   N


Q

  dE B:\ )   

  


 
mnS]XbDFGl`-abGJX?KMGl\^GlX?KMG > " $&  5 H " $& 
   ;
     

> " $&  5 L H " $&  " $9& > " $& 5 +
 
        
S`-abG P S]X?KMIMLTZbB:“|S‘LTKMSZbGC`-abG ¢ q P S]\Vbd:GyKYLRXbZWS
L>ZWGJ\S]XbDHKFIMLOPTN LRQ Sb D
   C
         :   £+
      (       

|† \ ZWS]D—B:XbZbB P LRZWS]IFGlD Z[L G  P BpGJo X P BcLZbS \}Gyu KMSzZbSZbG{|G ŸKMS]XGu LˆRGJdES P B:Z[LRZWGZWG
P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:L^`-abGTq[DFS]f P GlIHKYLTD‡€WB:VŒSRu KFGJDHGJDJqG—u `-a[LRZbIbLTu KMB P LW
sgLRIFLšZbGl\^S]XWDHKMIFLRISšB:\VrS]IHKMLRX?KMG GlS]IFGl\L ¡  (=2 qTS|`-a[LRdzi?LRIMLTX-KFGn`-abGŸL‡DFGl`za‹GJo X P BcL
i]GJIFLRZ[L VOGld:SLRdEi]S]IFB KM\SZbG {‡G ŸKMSRX %HVbaWIFS ) P SRX-ˆRGJIHi]G`-a[LRZWIMLTKFB P LT\^GlX-KFGRqbaKMB:dEB:“JLRIFGl\^S]D S
IFGJDHabdEKMLRZbS>ZbSDFGli]abB:X?KFG dEGJ\^LW
  S  $  O "%$&
 <) 5  3   6   = = ) ! =  5 5( + 93, =  , + (  $ + 
 ¢ +   


> "%$ [ & L H  "J$& L  "J$& "J$ [ L $& : $HL $ [ N



   
& & & &
   !  ‚"J$B:\& VbdEB  P LR\^SRD LXWSRKYLOPTN LRQ S P S]\ "%$ [ LE$&@5 Šq H "J$& 5  "J$& G     "%$&@5  "%$&

mnS]\^S "% $& G u ZbG P d:LRDF$ DHG ) qGlX-K LRQ S LGy„V[LRXbD LRQ S GJ\ DzGJu IHB:G ZbG  L 'dES]I P S]\

IHGJDHKFS BEX?KMGJiRIMLRd
V[LRIML   G u Z[LTZ[LVrS]Il
XWS^VrS]X?KMS Gl\UKMSRIFXbS>ZbG 
"%$% & 5 "%$& V " & " &
   
 ¡ ( ,
P S]\  " & 5 ( " L &  "%$ 
 &8"  &



 ¢ 

 (  
 
 



 " & 5  "J$% &  5 M"J$ &  N


 " &  " &   
 
  

‚abfbD KMBEKFabB:XWZbS 
 Gl\ ¡  ( , qWKMGl\^SRDJ
"%$ [ & L "J$& 5  M
 "%$ 

&  N
   
M"%$& 5 M"J$& 
 

‚abfWKFIMLRBEXbZbS 
G—KFS]\^LRXbZbS>L>XbS]IH\LWqS]fWKFGJ\S]DJ
"J$ [ & L "%$& L M"J$& 5  
M"J$ & L M"J$&  N
&  & &    &
s GJd:LRDŒVbIFSRVbIFBEGJZ[LRZWGJDŒZ[L B:X?KMGli]IMLTdp
"%$ [ & L "J$& L M"%$& :  M"%$  
& L  "%$& 
&   & &   & ;
   C
         :   £.
G VrGJd:L ZbGJDHB:i]abLRd:Z[LTZbGCKMIHBcLRXbiRabdcLRIl
"J$ [ & L "%$& L M"J$& :   "%$%
&L "%$& N

 
&  & &  &?&  &
M"J$& 5  "%$& 
mnS]\^S G u B:VbD P €bBEKF“JBcLTX[LWqKFGJ\S]DJ

M"J$ & L M"%$& :    N 

 &  ?& &  &  &  &&  & 

™šDFDHB:\ 
M"J$% & L M"J$& :   5  
  ?& &  &  & &  & &
 
 & 

G VrS]I KYLRX?KMSW "%$ [ & L J" $& L M"%$& : N


 &  & &

& 
›‡GyKMS]IHX[LRXbZbSL>XbSRKMLOPRN LRQ SWqbDFGli]abG—S^IHGJDHabdEKMLRZbS>ZbGJDHG FLRZWSb
> "%$ [ & L H  "J$& L  "J$& "J$ [ L $& : $[L $ N

   
& & & &
D
mnS]\B:DHKFSbqVrSZbGl\^SRDZbGl\^S]XWDHKMIFLRI SKFGJS]IHGJ\^LWq`-abGGlDHKY$LTfO[ Gld:G P G L P S]X?ˆRGJIFibGJo X P BcL
`zabLRZbI[L u KMB P L‡ZWSš\}Glu KMSzZb$SŒ[ ZbG {|G ŸKMS]X VbLRIMLŒab\=\B:XbBE\^BE“”LRZbSRI d:S P $ LT d qRDHGnL‡\LTKFIFBE“€bGJDHDFBcLTX[L
Z[L abXgPTN LRQ SXbS$[ VrS]X?KMS  S]I|X LRQ SDHB:Xbi]aWdcLRI|G SVOSRX-KFSB:XWB P B:LRd GJD KMBEˆRGJI DHa P BEGJX?KMGl\^GlX?KMG
VbI[STu „BE\^S ZbG 
    <R5 S  3     + O1(  "J$1([  &   8 + , $
 ) O %" $&
)) = !  5 5( + 93,"%$  & @ ;  + , +  =  $ +  
  
6 )  $  S ¢ "J $[ =&
¢ =  ¢ = +    5 $ S  ; "J$[ =  , & + ( '5  , 3 #( 1   '2 + 1(


1(   8 + , !  + %  "1( , 31 = #" ; - +  9


$   L $[ : $L $[ 
& &  & & ;
S
  + 1( ! @
 
   !  [†‡DMLRIHGJ\S]D VbLRIML ZbGlXbSRKYLTI|L \^LTKMIHB:“C€WGJDFDHBcLRXbLZ[L  abX PRN LRQ S q[LRDHDFBE\ 
M"J$ [ &@5    "%$ [ ]& N
   C
         :   @R¢
 "%$[ & ) $ S "J$[ &
) GTqgVr<G u S]IHZbKMG LR[X?XbKMSbB:ZbqL}Gy„VrB:DS]KMDHG BEKMB ˆTLWqŒ "%Gy$„& B:D KMG mnS]\^ S $ ¢ = KYLR dš`zaW G"%$&DHG G u SRX-K”u X-a[LWq ; GJX? K LTqšSGJV[X?KLRLRQIFSL
mnS]"%\^$& S
M
$ S ¢ "J$[  &   "%$& : P   Q
KMSzZbS "J$ ;  & Gy„BEDHKMG—ab\^L P S]XWDHKYLTX-KFG  KYLTd‹`-abG,& &  



™=DFGJ`-a‹Glo X P B:L i]GJIFLRZ[L VrGJd:S>\}Glu KFSZbS ZWG{‡G ŸKFS]X6G—u ZbG [XbB:ZbL>VrS]I


$ 5 $ L    "%$#& H "%$)&
 ;
GJX?K LRQ SW $ L $ [ 5 $ L $ [ L 
"J$)& H "J$#& N  
&  & & &
 "J$  &  > "%$[ &@5
mnS]d:S P LRXWZbS Gl\UGyˆBEZ‹GJo X P BcL G P S]XbDHB:ZbGlIMLRXbZWS S ‘LTKMS `-abG ¢ qKMGl\^SRD`-abG
$  L $[ 5  %" $  & H "J$[]& L H "J$  & L M"J$  &8"%$[@L $
   & :&
&  & : &  %" $  & H "%$[ & L > "%$  & L M"%$  & "J$[ L  $& N
& &?& &
M"%$  &
nm S]\^S G u B:VbD P €bBEKF“JBcLTX[LWqRGlX?K LRQ SCVrGJdES  GJ\^L ¡  (=@ qTKMGl\^SRD `-abGG „B:DHKFGab\^L P S]XbDHKMLRX?KMGTq
ZbB:i?LT\^S]D  bq KYLRd `zaWGR


$  L $[ :  "J$  & $L $[ N " &


& & ¡ ( #
  
& & & 
&
$ S "J$[ &  "%$& :
 q GJX?K LTQ S<VOSzZbGJ\S]DIFGJGlD P IFGlˆRGJI

mn" S]\^S& V[LRIML KMSzZbS ; q KFGJ\S]D & 
& 

¡  ( # P S]\^SW
$  L $[ : $L $[ 5 $L $[ $L $[ N
   
 
&  &  
& &  
& &?& &
ACGJXbSRKMLRXbZbS
5
 
) $  $L $[ A (

 
¢ G GJD P S]d:€WGJXbZbS P S]\ & & qKMGJ\S]Dl
$ L $ [ : $ L $ [ $ L $ [ A $ L $ [ N


 

&  &  
& &?& & & &
$  S J" $ [ &
; ( Y qWKFGJ\S]DŸ`-abGVbLRIML MK SzZbS
5 Q
 S]\^LRXbZWS \B:X 
; bq ˆTLRdEGR
$ L $ [ : $ L $ [ A $  L $ [ A N

 
&  &  & & & &
$  @LV$ [ A $  L $ [  $  
™ bZ GJDHB:i]a[LTd:Z[LR$ ZW[ G &  & $ & &\S]D KMIML`-abG>SXbS ˆRS VrS]X?KMS  GlDHKŠLu $ \^ LRB: D
VbI[STu „BE\^S>ZbG `-ab$ G S^ LRLEX?KM$Gl[ IFBES]: I qrG$  LRDHL DFBE$\j[ LR Vbd:B P LR\ vžDHG LRD P S]XWZbBHPTN S]Q GJD|S]aWKMIFL>ˆRGJ“L  
™$ZbGlDFBEi]a[LRdEZ[LRZb'G &  & & & GlDHKMLRfOGld:G P Gš`-abGCL S]IHZbGJ\_ZbG P S]X?ˆRGJIFibGJo X P BcL 

G u `-a[LTZbI[LTu KFB P LWq P SR\^VbdEGlKMLRXbZbS>L>ZbGJ\S]XbD KMIFLOPRN LRQ SW D


   C
         :   @(
" &
{šL>ZbGJ\S]XbD KMIFLOPRN LRQ SWqbS]fWKFBEˆ]Gl\^SRDŒL>G „VbIFGlDFD LTQ S ¡  ( # 
$  L $[ :  "J$  & $L $[ N " &
& & ¡ ( £
  
&  & & &

mnS]\^S—ˆzB:\S]D˜XbS mLRV‹ u KMaWd:S ( zq LXbS]IH\L ZbGšaW\L—\L KMIFBE“ DHB:\}Glu KMIHB P L ZbG [XbBEZ[LVrS]DFB KMB ˆRL@GRu 
& &
 5 
? 
" &
G &
 
&
5   ( " & ;
 " &   " & ? 
S]XbZbG ?  q ? ZbGlXbSRKMLR\_S\^LRB:S]IG|\^GlXbS]InLRaWKMS ˆTLRdES]IZbG mnS]\_B:DHKFSbqzVOSzZbGyv
\^S]DŸGlD P IFGlˆRGJIl L\$ [ :  8"J$  & $  L $ [
$ 
( "J$ &  & &  & & $  L $ & [ & ;
  
& & 5 & 

  " M



5   " M"J$ ?  & &   " M"J$[ & &


ZbGJXbSTKYLRXbZWS   ]¡) G P S]\S ?

= ? q VbLRIML ! DHa P BEGJX?KMGl\^GlX?KMG
i]IMLRXWZbGRq[ZbBEi?LR\S]DJq&! ! q 

  " M"J$[]& &


A   " M"%$#& & K   " M( "%$  & & A   " M¡ "%$ [ & & N
? ¡ ?
" & ? ?
"S]dEKMLRXbZbS Gl\ ¡  ( £ KFGJ\S]D
"  ¡ "%$ [ & &  & $ L $ [ &
&  L $[ &
$  :  

$  L $[


:  ?  "  "%$ [ & & ¡ $  L $ [ N


& $  L $ [ &


& & & &


?
$  $[ ) $  L $[ A   " M"J$[]& &
mnS]\^S = qbV[LRIFL !i]IFLRXbZbGTq ! ! qbKMGJIHGJ\ S]D & " M"%$[ & & & ?   

Q)$ S $ L$ [ A
{|GlDHKYL $ IHGJi]B LRQ Sbq U& & ?  Y qS GJIHIFS ZbEB \^BEXzaWBOGl\hKFSZ[LTD
LRDŒBEKMGlIMLOPTN S]Q GJD! 
!  [q G ˆ]GlIFB P L v DFG L P S]X?ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:L^`-a[LRZWI[LTu KFB P L
L $[ A $L $[
$
&$  L $ [& : &
 & $,  L $ [ N


  "  %" $ [ & &


  
&  & & &
" ? &
~ DHKYL2IHGJi]B LRQ S XWS]IF\^LRd:\GJX?KFG ZbGlD P S]Xb€bG P B:ZbL G u P €[LR\^LRZ[L'ZbG % IFGJiRB LRQ S'ZWG P S]Xzv
ˆ]GJIHibGJo X P BcL>`-a[LRZbIbLTu KMB P L$)>ZbS>\}$ Glu KFSZbS>ZbG {‡G ŸKMSRX‹ $  LE$ [ A   " M"J$[]& &
™šDHDFB:\ q?KMSzZbSVrS]X?KMS GlD P SRd:€bBEZbSX[L fOSRdcL & & ?  q P S]X?ˆ]GJIHi]G
   C
         :   @]¡
$[
`zabLRZbIML KMB P LR\GJX?KMG V[LTIML VrGJd:L DFGJ`-a‹Glo X P :B LW
$  5 $L 
  "%$  & H "%$  ]& N
$ S "J$[   " M"J$[ & & &
; ? 

‚ GRq qSGlIFIFS VrSZWG>LRab\GJX?KYLRIšZbG>ab\LB KMGlIMLOPTN LRQ SV[LRIFL
S]aWKMIFL GRq[X LRQ S>€ŒL>u i?LRIFLRX?KMB:L ZbG P S]?X ˆ]GlIFibGlo X P B:LW

- !        
     

nm S]\SŒˆzBE\^S]Dlq LŒZWBE GJIHGJ XgP N L‡GlDFDHGJX P BcLRd-GJX?KFIFG˜S]D \}Gyu KMSzZbS]DJq ZbG mLRa P € ' GZbG˜{|G ŸKMS]X q
GJDHK[L^u X[L>GJD P S]dE€[L^ZbL^ZbBEIFGPTN LRQ S qŠXbS™|d:i]SRIFBEKF\^S ¡  # {|GlDHKML^DFGzPRN LRQ S^ˆRLT\^S]D‡LRVWIFGJDHGJX?KYLTIšab\
\}Gyu KMSzZbSV[LRIFL\^BEXbB:\B:“JLOPRN LRQ SB:IHIFGlDHKMIHBEKMLWq‹S`-a[LRdZbB  GJIHG Z[LGJD KMIFaKMabIFL ˆzB:D KYLXbS ™|d:i]S]IHBEKF\^S
¡  # q`-abG P S]XbDHB:DHKFGCGJ\hS]fWKFGJI DFB:\abdEKMLRXbG”LT\^GlX-KFGšLZbB:IHGPRN LTQ S GšS P S]\VbIFBE\^GlX-KFSZbSV[LRDFDHS GJ\
P LRZ[L B KMGJIFLOPRN LTQ Sb
Ž $  \}Glu KFSZbS ZWG<IFGJiRB LRQ S ZbG P S]X ŠLRX P N L ZbG bXbG ab\L IHGJi]B LRQ S GJ\ KMS]IHXbS ZbS}VOSRX-KFS
P S]IHIFGJX?KFG qX[L@`-a[LRd P S]X ŠL vžDFGXzaW\)\^SzZbGld:SZbL abXgPRN LTQ S<S]f HGlKFBEˆRSbqGGJX?K LRQ S P LRd P abdcL vžDFG
S\B:XbBE\^BE“”LRZbSRICLRVbIHS”„WBE\LTZbS ZWS\SZbGld:S X[LIHGJi]B LRQ S ZbG P S]X ŠLTXgP N LW ™šDHDFBE\ q L ZbBEIFGzPRN LRQ S G
S P S]\^VWIFB:\GJX?KFS ZWS+V[LRDHDFS D LRQ S S]fWKMBEZbS]D>DFBE\ abd KYLRXbGJLR\GJX?KMGT2‚G S+VrS]X?KMS X LRQ SGu L P GJB KMSbq
IFGJZWab“JBE\^S]D‡SKMLR\LTXb€bSZbLIFGli]B LRQ S^GGlX P S]X?KFIMLR\S]DšaW\XbS ˆRS\^BEXbB:\B:“JLRZbS]IlŸ~\iRGJIMLTdpqrL
ZbB:IHGPRN LTQ SZWSVbLRDFDHS^\ aWZ[L`-a[LTXbZbSS>KMLR\^LRXb€bS>Z[L IFGli]B LTQ S G—u LTdEKMGlIMLRZWSb
™šVbdEB P LRIFGl\^S]DnS\ Glu KFSZWSZWG IHGJi]B LRQ S ZbG P SRX ŠLRXgP N L^LTS^VbIHS]fbdEGJ\^L B:IFIHGJD KMIFB KMSb
" & .9F  "%$&

$ S
;

G u ZbG P d:LRDFDHG*)  

S]XbZbG  = $
†|\ \SzZbGJdES `zabLRZbI[L u KMB P S>ZbG lG \UKMSRIFXbS>ZbSVOSRX-KFS P ]S IHIFGJX?KFG RG u 
  " &@5   H  
 (   ;
"
¡  (=@
&
 
¡  
5 $ L $   5  "J$  & >  5 >  "%$  & S
S]XbZbG  q  q    Gu ab\^L‡\^LTKMIHB:“DHB:\}Glu KMIHB P LWq VOSTv
 ] G "%$  &
ZbGJXbZWS DFGJI ab\^LCLRVbIHS „BE\LOPTN LRQ S‡Z[Lš€bGlDFDFB:LRX[L ]S a`zabLRd:`-abGlI S]aWKFIML|\^LTKFIFB:“˜DFBE\}Gyu KMIHB P L
`zaWG DFLTKMBEDH‘LOP N L :
&  & ;
V[LRIML>LRdEi]ab\^L P RS XbDHKMLRX?KMG
)
¢ qWB:XbZbGlVOGlXbZbGlX-KFGZbG!O
   C
         :   @,
" &
$ nm S]\S S$  \SZbGld:S`zabLRZbI[L u KMB P S ¡  (=@ ZbGlB „WL ZbGC DHGJ" I& IHGJVbIHGJ DHGJX?" KYLT& KFBEˆRS<Le \^GlZbB:Z[L `-abG
DH$G^ L ‘LRDHKML ZWG q VOSzZbGJ\S]D P S]XŠLTI Glt \ LRVbIHS”„WBE\LTI ! VrS]I  ! X-ab\^LˆzBE“JB:XW€[LRXgP N L
ZbG q[S]a DFG FLWq[X[L>IFGli]B LRQ SW Q S :  " &
U & & 
Y ; ¡ ( 2
)
S]XbZbG  ¢ Gu ZbB KMSSIFLRB:SZ[LIHGJi]B LRQ S^ZWG P SRX ŠLRXgP N L-
 

G & !&@Gu ab\^L>XbS]IF\^L^`-a[LTd:`-abGJI‡GJ\



ACGJDHDML  S]IF\^LWqWaW\L DFSRd:agPTN LRQ S 
 S
V[LRIML S>VbIHS]fbd:Gl\L
.9.F   " &65   H   ( 
:   ¡
" &
N N  
¡ ( +
' & &
 " &
DFGJIHBcLaW\LfOS?LLRVbIFS”„ B:\^LOPTN LRQ SV[LTIMLS\B:XWB:\B:“”LTZbS]IZbG X[LIHGJi]B LRQ S ¡  (=2  Ž V[LTDFDFSZWG
IFGJiRB LRQ S‡ZbG P S]X ŠLRX P N L  ZbGlVOGlXbZbGŸZbS|IMLRBES  ZbLšIFGli]B LRQ S|GnVrSZWG \ aWZ[LRIgZWGnZbBEIFGPTN LRQ Sš`-a[LTXbZbS
SIFLRB:S+G u LRd KMGlIMLRZbSW 
A LRZbSab\ V[LRDHDFS  q‹ZbG bXbB:\S]D LIHGJZbagPTN LRQ S     #   VbIFSzZbab“lB:Z[LVrGJdESV[LRDHDFS  q

P S]\Sb   5  " & L  " &
 , ¢ 

GL IHGJZbagPTN LRQ S !    <#   P S]\^SW


F  5  "%$#& L  "%$< &
, 

G lG X?K LRQ Sbq P RL d P abdcLT\^S]DnLIFLR“ LTQ Sb


 5  "%$  &" L & L  "% $  "   &  & N " &
 ¢  ¡ ( .
 
 
{|SRKFGŸ`-abGRq P S]\S S—$ V[ LRDHDFS  GŸu S]fWKFB:ZbS \B:XWB:\B:“”LTXbZbSTv DFG˜S \SzZbGJdES DFS]fWIFGŒab\^L
IFGJiRB LRQ S `-abG B:X P d:abBOS>VOS]X?KFS qŠL>IHGJZba PRN LRQ SVbIFGlZbBEKM L "J$ DFGJIb Lu DH GJ& \VbIFG—X LTQ SXWGJi?LTKFBEˆTLW  "%$  &
™šDHDF B:\ q]DHG  Gnu XbGJi?L KMBEˆRSbq?S XbS ˆ]S ˆTLRdES]I Gu \LTB:S]I `zaWGŸSLTX-KFGJIHB:S]I
G S>V[LTDFDFS  ZbGyˆ]G DFGlI|IHG HGJB KYLRZWSb


s S]IS]aWKFIFSd:LRZbSbqDFG  GlDHKŠL u VbI[STu „BE\^S ZbG ( q KMGl\^SRD`-abGLIFGlZbagPRN LTQ Sˆ]GlIFZ[LRZWGJB:IFL


GJDHK[Lu VbIbSTu „B:\^L Z[LIHGJZbagPTN LRQ S ZbS \SZbGld:Sbq-LTDFDFBE\ VOSzZbGl\^S]D˜LRaW\^GlX-KMLRI LIFGli]B LTQ S ZWG P S]X ŠLRX P N L
X[L VbI[STu „BE\L B KMGJIFLOPRN LTQ Sb
‚G  Gu VrS]DHBEKMB ˆ]Sbq \LRD X LRQ S GlDHK[L u VbIbSTu „B:\SZbG ( q\^LRX?KGJu \ vžDHG S IFLRB:SZbL IHGJi]B LRQ Sbq
\LRDŸDHG  GlDHK[Lu VbIbSTu „B:\S ZbG—“JGlIFSS]a0G u XWGJi?LTKFBEˆRSZWB:\B:X-a u \S]DnL>IHGJi]B LRQ Sb
   C
         :   @*#
Ž LRdEi]S]IHBEKM\SL>DHGJi]aWB:IŸd:BEi]GJBEIMLR\GJX?KFGšLRZbLRVWKYLTZbS>ZbG ¡ ,pqWZbGJD P IFGyˆ]GGJDHKFG—VbIFS P lG DFDFSW
   #  )5  3 
  S  #" )(. 1(& '!, S ",G( &
V
3 15 (5  ¢= 
¢<;  ¢Z; # 
! ¢ " H "J$  & ) &
    , , +  & & 
 %+ 
   $   1@   , +   !5 4 ,1(  @  )

6   #(
  A  

 5 ( 
#  5


6  , ( )
6   #,  & 5 & Q 
  \B:X ¡  ; 
 
Y
6  , ( 5
)   
6  $  5 $ 


 
6  , ( $   5 $ 
5  
(

! !
 

™ ‰gB:i]aWIML ¡  @ \^S]D KMIFL>aW\L BEKFGJIFLOPRN LRQ S>ZbS^LRdEi]S]IFB KM\SZbG—IHGJi]B LRQ S>ZbG P S]X[LRXgP N L˜™|D

P abI ˆRLTDZbG@X‹ u ˆ]Gld|ZbL  abXgPTN LRQ S S]f HGyKMB ˆ]S ZbS VbIFSRfbd:Gl\L S]IFBEi]B:X[LTdGJD K LRQ S IHGJVbIHGJDHGJX?KYLRZbLRDVO$ SR I
d:B:XW€[LRDKMIFL $ P  G FLR Z[LRDl ™šD d:B:XW€[LRD P €bGJB:LRD˜IFGJVWIFGJDHGJX?KYLT\ULRD P aWIHˆTLRDnZWGšX u ˆ]GJdŠZbS\^SzZbGld:S—GJ\ $  
Ž VrS]X?KMS  G—u L>\B:XbBE\^BE“”LOPTN LRQ SZWS^\SZWGJd:SX[LIHGJi]B LRQ S ZbG P SRXŠLRXgP N L P GJX?KMIFLRZ[LGJ\ 
{|S ™šd:iRS]IFB KM\S ¡  ( +q : Gu  aW\dEB:\BEKMLRX?KMG V[LTIMLS IMLRBES Z[L IFGli]B LRQ S ZbG P S]X[LRXgP N Lq
LRDFDHB:\ qbV[LRIFL KFSZWS !KFGJ\S]D   " &
~\ P LRZ[LBEKFGJIFLOPRN LRQ SWqOf[LTDHKYL^IFGJDH" S]dEˆRGJIH& \^S]DCLRVbIFS”„B:\^LRZ[LT\^GlX-KFGSVWIFS]fbdEGJ\^L ¡  ( + q
B:DHKFS<GRu q-`-abGšL IHGJZbagPTN LRQ SXWS\SZWGJd:S Gl\ ¡  ( + DFG FL K LTQ SfrS?L `-a[LRX?KMSL  IHGJZba PRN LRQ S GJX P S]X?KMIFLRZ[L
VOGld:S  , +  1(   " 5 &   Ž  !5 1(  5  q|ZWGJXbSRKMLRZbS}VrS]I   q L G<uHDH B:\"J$ Vb d:& GlDF\GJX?KMG S
\^BEXbB:\B:“JLRZbS]I ZbG  ! qrLRSd:S]XbiRSZbL^ZbBEIFGPTN LRQ SS]VOSRDHKYL^LRSi]IMLRZWB:GJX?KFG qrDHa HGJB KMS^L
IFGJiRB LRQ S ZbG P S]X ŠLRX P N LW
   C
         :   @]£
m =constante
k

f=constante
k
x d
x k+1

‰gBEi]abIFL ¡  @ †|\ V[LTDFDFSZbG—IFGli]B LTQ S ZbG P S]X[LRXgP N L


     (      

gs LRIFLVbIHS ˆTLRIH\^SRD `-abGCS\}Gyu KMSzZbSZbG|IFGli]B LRQ SZbG P S]XŠLTXgP N L G|u i]d:S]fbLRd:\GJX?KMG P S]X?ˆ]GJIwv
i]GJX?KMG—ZbGyˆ]Gl\^S]DŒKMGlI   $   " & LM  "  &]N " &
 , ¢   ¡  ¡R¢
™ ‰gBEi]abIML ¡  2 \^S]D KMIFLS<VOSRX-KFS<ZbG  mLR" a & P € ' XzaW\L@B KMGJIFLOPRN LTQ S !O ™šD Gld:BEVbDFGlD IFG v
VbIFGlDFGJX?KMLR\LRD P abIHˆTLRDZbGX u ˆRGJd˜ZbS \"SzZbGJdES &  ! ™ LRu IFGJL €[L P €zaWIMLRZ[L P S]IHIFGlDFVrS]XbZbGLTS
P S]X HaWX-KFS^ZWG VrS]X?KMSRD‡`-abG—DFLTKMBEDH‘LR“lGJ\ ¡  ¡T¢ 

f( x k )

xk

x kc

‰gBEi]abIML ¡  2 sS]X?KMSZbGmLRa P (€ ']


" &
‚WLRfrGJ\S]DŸ`-abG S  , +  1(  5  ˆRG FLWq[VrS]IŸGy„Gl\^VbdESbq ¡ , MD LTKFB:D ‘LR“
  " & LM  "  & $ H  H 
;&  &


¢  

& &O\^BEX & &  
  C
     

  :  

S
 !"$#&%'()'*)+ ,

-/. &0 
1
% !32()%54%6!8+97 ):%/;5%<;+=:+&2
> %<;+?#9% '5@AB'D C# E+? 
7 #&% '*F+&:+&'*)+G(:+4H+&!I#;<2J)+&:KC# B
> %

!  4L%EK%' ):%EMAN
,PO
MAN NQ+R 
7 S+&%E!"+9'% (T)B > %EUK% !WV '*)%X%ZY[H\]^[X_a`cb=def ag MAN
O
5 
M N  
N 4'%h(:+&'*):2;%h;+iV +
"s
 Oml l l l
Zs
r r
jk

N n- Do N   N
<p 
N - Do N  
 N
qp
,r
N
r !h2'
N . r
N
N
r 
Xt   
u % ( % :2J)!h% (vVa5+X+&(% F+&!w%x% U+9!Z
  4=S%/;5+&!h% (R(BR%z!8+9
7 ):%/;5%

3
y
[:{|`{4}V +~+z
7 :%:2;%8V ';5%8!ZH):2€ +x h%‹Œ(:s 2):2FB54‚% m
7 ;+9@'52;K  %ƒ!8+9 7 ):%/;5%
N
O
;+9Fa2;5%"„ )+&2X†

‡B0
4V +ˆ+ 7 !"2(q:%:2;%‰V '5;%ZŠ
N
MAN + V B';%+&((

!ZB)::2€+Ž
7 +9(:(


:ˆ!Z2($;+‘)’+&(R;5+&(:(+&(h!+‘7 )%a;% (‰+E(+&(h % 2)!h% ( F + “:54=K%

+‘”/+&!h%54•†
 
B–B0
:T +&'5+&B2€&&4K+9:!h2)2:+9!"% (L)!‰UG+9
7 !—V +<%T)’B!Z'5%T;% B(:(:%  N 4*(:% DC# B
> %

:%”/2!";};+
 y
4 +‘”/#9+&;i%i2%T;T:+9 2B
> % ;+<#&% '/@A'D& C# 54*#&% '*)'*)%vVa5+<K+9:!"'+/& C# 

;+&'*)%";5+˜B !™!m
7 J)2%i@5”/%";5%h:2%542(š)%8+
7 4

r  N rP›
N .   –

 !"$#&%'()'*)+
p 
œ (:+&2'*)+6)+9% :+9!Zv+&()US+&+9#&2;%$+9!†

–H0
*:'*)+}Va5+T%$!+9
7 ):%/;%˜;+P+& 2
> %$;5+

#&% '5@'D C# +i


7  %U!h+&'*):+P#&%' F+& +&'*)+

žqŸ S¡¢Ÿa£¥¤Q¦¨§n©/ª
S bG[H\«`‘¬{®‘ ­` \¯f‘°ndv{|[ d|•_a[±I`‘² ]^[&_a[_a`v¬`{°da³ ["_a`Rf’[H\´Gd\Aµ f&d %
,
bG[H\5¶‘°n_a`‘¬’`<· s

-/.
\¯[‰¸P|¹{a[H¬Œ°º]±Z[h»a¼  ¼T½Ae¢Y[H\5¾5dc¿&e` ‹ Š r
N
ri›mÀ Y5d¬:dEd|¹{ea±hdÁf’[H\5¶‘Â

ÀÃ


]d\] ` `‚
² ÅD°ÆY¶f’¾a°º]Çvf’[H\]n°º\ed±Z`‘\] `T_° È`‘¬’`‘\¯f‘°d² «`‘| `T|É°º±R°º]d*_*d$°º\È`‘¬Œ°[H¬‘±Z`‘\] `6\¯[
-aÄ
f’[H\ʌe/\] ["_a`v\<º² «`‘| Ë s s

M?Ì
 M ›
 MAÍ
ŒÎ   BÏ

³ ["d‘YS¬[9Ð °º±hd*_*d6Ñ N
`˜¿&eA`v] [&_*dh¶[H|Ée/µ fSda _a`  »a¼ºÒ ¶&d]n°¶ÓÈ9dÇRdH¶˜_a`’¶‘°J{ed|J_*d*_a`’¶&Ô
s
s
l l r9× r


N n- ®o N  Ñ N
qpÖÕ
,¢r9×
N
r !h2'
N . r Š
N
N
r 
c.   Ø

r Ñ N rP›
N .   

šÙÛÚÝܕÞàߢáã‘â ܌
ä
åDæhç
èSé êÆëHìãí¢ê¹îïKã
å‘á
îê
áßH܌Ú
è
á Þ
îèSðê š
á
è ñè ãšê
ܑç ò
èšó&ô
ßH܌á
ð
åDæ õiö=÷
èKø}ùúüû
æý ç
øþ èSé êÆëHìãí¢êÿîï
 
    

     


S
f’[H±
Õ
,

n-5. &0ÓÄ

`
p

¼ K`‘±Z[¶
Ä
`‘\]Hda
³ [Ô

s
O
×


2!
N - t
N
s s
   ¡¢ 5¤ 1 % '5(:2;5+&:+v ! 
7 ';2#&+
l
4)¨V + ×
 
sM
O
×
 
O

 
-
„/+^“: À¯, T#&% '5()’B' ):+};5+PÅD°ÆY¶f’¾a°º]Ç? × '%i#&% 'H“5' ):%i;+‚'L7 F+&
  Ɩ–
4 ((:2!

s s
r9×
 M
Do
×
 rP› À¯,r M
o
M  r
.

‰):%/;%RM '%#&% 'H“5' ):%";5+v'¨7 F +9   u +‘@'2'5;%% (‚+&(:#& B:+&(


s

 O
s
O r9×
 r O 

r9×
 r
.
 À¯, À¯,

+˜RUS%   Ë

  
O
Š M M Ì r M M rP›
. o $Î .

!
S
)+&!h% (
s s s s

M Š
   #"
M
.
r9×
 M
Do
×
s
 r
p
r9×
s
 r
o
r9×
s
 M r
s

" r9×
 M r r9×
s
 r r9×
 M ×
 r


p o Do

p
r9×
s
 r
o
À¯,¢r M
o
M r

p
r9×
 s
r
o
À¯,

O
r9×
 r
O

Ë  t

%$
„/+ÝP(+&V  +9'#&2T2'*)+92 s MAN
& K+9:!"'+&#9+Ý;+9' )::%T;PUK% 6Š
  
M 4H)+9!"% (®;z
7 J)2!Z

 '
Î N .
l
;+&(2 B;;5+ Va5+ r9× r à :):%/;%

( +^“:!h% (<V +i2(š)%'¨
> %%a#&% :+iK%<:+&;5DC# 
> %"%hU(:;5%
N p - p


) B€&+&'5;%!ZR!"'2 SC# 
> %‰#9% ! +*
%
N
;R+&V KBC# 
> %
  ‡
4/)+&!h% ( !
s s s

* -,,  
O
 /. 
l


l

 ,, -,,  O
l

 /. ,,
,, ,, ,,  ,,
MAN MAN xÑN ÑN ÑN MAN xÑN
Ì Ì Do l Do l N n- Do N Nl Do l
N o

N - Do N  Ñ N
N - ®o  N
Ñ N t

0 (B';%" ) % 7 :!‰5 ‰;+ 21 43 ® a% <#&% ! :+&(š)%h2'*)+9 B


 F+^“: 1  L7 ):% 45):+&!h% ( 5
s s , s

 . .76  .98 ;: =< 8


O
M N xÑ N
 M N × M N ºÑ N Ñ N
t
Í
     

     
y

s s

  : <8 5
, O
1 % !"%
Í
× MAN ÑN ×
 MAN
: ÑN4S%a;+&!h% (<+&(#&+9F +9

s s s , s s

 . . : . 6  .98 : <8
O
M N Ñ N
 M N ×
 M N Ñ N †× M N ºÑ N
Do
×
 M N
^0
Ñ N
t
Í
s s

  . : .  : 
l O
u  u +‘@'2šC# 
> % 
N  Ñ
N
×
N
Ñ Ñ Š
N
ÑL45+&'*)
> %

s
,,  , s s

< ,,
 /. 6  . 8 8
l O
Ì
N  ÑN
Do
MAN ÑN Ì
,,  Ñ N Š
N
Ñ N
o
Í
†× M N ºÑ N
Do
×
 M N
0 : ,, Ñ N

,,  ,, . , s s
,
,, ,,  . 8 : < 8 ,,
,
›
,,  Ñ N Š
N
Ñ N
Í
†× M N ºÑ N
Do
×
 M N
0
Ñ N

‹ , s s
›
À
r Ñ N r .76 ÌɆ ×
 .98
M N ºÑ N ×
 M N
: Ñ N Ì <8
 Í
Do ^0 t


+&R;+&(2 B;;5+ ;+Xb=deAf’¾ g ½¨f’¾  d¬Ç&4

s s s s
,
Ìà† ×
 . 8 ×
 : <8 ›
,
r †×
 . 8 ×
 r*r Ñ N r <8

M N ºÑ N M N Ñ N Ì s M N ºÑ N s M N ^0

< 8
Do 0 Do

 /. 8
Í O Í ,

O Í
r †× MAN ºÑN
Do
×
 MAN
0
r r ÑN r

  ÑN r ÑN r
.

% ';+ , s s

 Ñ N
O
6 r †×
 .98
M N ºÑ N
Do
×
 M N
^0
r <8 t


Í
u 7 s ‹

 . .
l À
Ì
s
N  Ñ N
o
M N xÑ N Ì ›


r Ñ N r
 Ñ N r Ñ N r
t  
„/S% ';%4+9'*)
> %4 r9×
N
r
p
 4):+&!h% (<;+
   Ø
Va5+˜B‰)%a;% ' p
l

l l
s
 r9× r
  
N - Do  N  Ñ N
ÝpÖÕ
,r9×
N
r !h2'
N . r Š
N
N
r 
pmÕ
, !h2'
N . À  t  y

0 (B';%
   4
  +
   y
4/)+&!h% ( !
   .
À

  Ñ N

Ì * Ì ›
N N

  

N o t ‡

Õ
, !h2'
N . À 
 
    

  
  
‡

% ():+&!h% (&4Û% 54•V +h+‘”/2(š)+ > Ã


-
4L)’?V +h%c ;%c;2:+92)%c;+
   B‡
+h
7 2!h2);%

K%  4:R):%/;5% ' l


4(H)2(n€&+9';% › >

 p N s

 O , 

+9 i#&% '*)2' 2;B;+‚;Ó'® > %iM
C#  ×
 M 4a: Õ

Ï
 4 +‘”/2(š)+ Ã
-
4*)V +

s s
r Ñ N rT›
" r9×
 . 8 M N ºÑ N ×
 M N rP› 
S
o .

8  
‰):%/;% †
-/. &0

!
O ,
‹
„/+^“: > !h2'

  
Õ
À . . À   u +&(š)+i!"%a;%4/:
N
› > 4)+9!"% (

,  ‹
À

, 
  
› Õ 4;% ';+i(+& +vV + › Õ
N À
 N
Ï

S
N s
›
 4KS% )'*)%  s N
› +4K#&% !h% r ÑN rv›  N
4S):+&!h% (&4K:h)%a;% +8 †
-5. 90
4

r9×
 . 8 MAN ºÑN
Do
×
 MAN rP›   % %

, s s

< 8  
6  .98
O O ,

 Ñ N r9× M N ºÑ N
Do
×
 M N r › Õ

Ï

Í

   O

N
›
À
4%V +i2!h2#˜!"2'
N . À  N 
 +9+&(:#9:+‘F +&'5;%
   ‡
45):+&!h% (&4B
N
› >

   .
À

 Ñ N
 
*    .
N N O À
Ì Ì ›
  Ñ N


N o , N

Õ
, !h2'
N . À  Õ

  .  , , O

    
› Õ Õ

Õ
,
Ï Ï  t

1 % '(:+9V +&'*)+9!"+9'*)+4 * N
à +v(:(2! S+&%P% :2J)!h%
  y
Ï
Ë
O O
, !"2'
  ,
N
S N . Î  N N

1 % !"%
N
› > 4 :Á)%a;% '  4Ý):+&!h% (
N
,
p N
O
 ' )&
> %4 (+
N
› > 4D)+9!"%(

N
,
p N  1 B(:%
N
,
N
4)+9!"% (
N
à > +
N
,

Ï
N p
Ï
>

 
    

    
-

1 % '#&(&B
> % 
N p
!h2'
 .
Ï
>
 . ÿ– -

‰):%/;% ' l

 „/+^“:   ;+‘@'2;5%hS%  !


S
p
Ë
O
'  Ì * N p Î t
Ï

1 (:% (:+ “:h2'5@'2J)%4 ' p


l
+i;+
  y
45)+9!"% ( !
s s s s

 /.
, O

 MAN
 MAN
 MAN MAN ÑN

*  
Do Do
O l l

N
l
N - Ûo
l
N  ÑN

   Ñ N


p N - Do N


Ï

p
Ï
Õ
, !h2'
N . À  pÖ- t

s
1 % !"%54K%<2‚%B
7 )+&(+4 +i  +9:2% :!h+&'*)+B45(+& +v;+9()’;+9(:2;;+
7 2!"2J)’;v2' Ó V +



N - t

1 (:% (+^“:R@'2J)%4 * N
 BR)%a;% '
c(:5@#&2+9'*)+&!h+&'*):+$ :';+B4S'5+&():+$#&(:%4
N
(:+& 7

Ï
:+&;5€&2;%ÁS% i! nB):%  ;+ +9!#B;Á2J)+&:KC# B
> %4•+):+&+&!h% ( 
 % š)’'*)%54®S+&%

$
N - "

   
Ï
!"+9'% (!"z(U(:+9V  +&
s '#92 ¥;5+ )+9';+ z€9+&:%54q#&%' ):;52€&+9';% P((:2!Á4

 '
N N ÿ– -
l
QB@:!"KC# 
> %zË V + r9× r à x)%a;% + 7 n(:z+B4Ý#&% 5
 ' (:+&V  +9'*)+&!h+&'*):+4

%$   
N p - p
l ,
 (:+9Va +&'#92  M N
!&  (:2q;ÁUK%  Š M
 „/+ “:ˆ%87 '5;2#9+ )  V 
’  +ZM  +"
7 %

    
Î N . p
:2!"+92:%$2)+9'5;%;+&S% 2(<;5+iM V +i+9()A
7 Ó% :;hUS%  RŠ M
.

P((:2!X4 r9×
N
r
p
  ' O l

.
l
. . ttJt .
^4+
s

l l
s
r9× r
 

N n- Do N  Ñ N
qp Õ
,r9×
N
r !h2'
N . r Š
N
N
r  pmÕ
, !"2'
N . À  t
 
    

  
 

x l+1

xl

xm

) 2 
   Æy
G%  ‰;+i#9+&'*)%hM  +iB2%

% %4
 s s s s

 
, O ,
M
 M 
 M N
 M N


o o

N

O  * l l
N †
  Ñ N


N n- Do N 0

N

 l l

p
·¯†
N - ®o   Ñ N
0

      
N
N

  
p
·
Õ
, !h2'
N . À  .

      
N

% ';+h2!"2J)’!h% (6% (:%!ZB)% 7 :2%  (v2)+9KBC# % > +&( '


z#9% !M N
O

 M N
,
4Û2(š)%m+
7 4  (˜2J)+9KBC# % > +&(i+&!

Va5+v%h((:%iÑ N Ó% 2LB#&+&2J)%S+&%} % 2):!"%


 
5
y
 R
7 ;% 2(<#(% (PR#9% '(:2;+&:

„/+ ›
 :R):%/;5% ' O l
^4+9'*)
> % 
N À . ttJt .

s s ‹

    
, O
M
Do  M 
qp
·
Õ
,
p
·
Õ
, ·
Õ
,
À¯, t ÿ–

      
N
N
 
    

    


∆l+1 x l+1

xl
∆m

xm

) 2
 ÿ‡
 (:%!Z‰;%(
N
+i
7 !ZB2% GVa5+˜% c2 L

„/+ Ã
 B! ' Oml
4
N À . tJtJt .

s s
  
‹

   
, O
M
Do  M 
qp
·
Õ
, !"2'
N . À  p
·
Õ
,
À
·
Õ
,
À .  
ÿ–

     
N

K%2(Ý%h(:% !"B)% 7 :2%$)%a;%8+i


Ë s
7 !Z2% q%Á2 ¯5!ZR#&+9 

ƒ(+&V %$
 +9'#&2 s
   M
+=
7 ;+9#&+&(:#9+&'*)+ K%2(•%T % 2)!h%"+ 7 ;+
 ;+&(#&2; + 2!"2 

Í ’Î

s ;
 S%  2‚%B
7 )+&(+ 7 2!"2J)’s ;T2' Ó+9:2%:!h+&'*)+‚'%˜#&% 'H“5' ):%‰;+}'L7 F+&
+P
 ÿ– –
4aK% š)’'*):%

+i
7 #9% '*F +& +&'*):+$: 5!  à I42(š)%8+7 4
o
s s

 
M  
t

1 % '(:+9V +&'*)+9!"+9'*)+4K(B';%
 ÿ–
+
   Ɩ
45):+&!h% ( 5
s s s s ‹

  
  
,
M
Do p
M
Do  M 
Ýp
·
Õ
, !"2'
À . À¯,  t

‹ s ‹

1 % !"%  O
r9×
 r

Ï
s s s s s ‹

  
 
,
M
Do p
M
Do  M 
Ýp
Ï
·
Õ
, !"2'
À . À¯,  r9×
 r
t

% š)’'*)%54
 s ‹
 , s s
r9×
 r ›

Ï
·
Õ
, !h2'
Àv. À¯,     M
Do

t
 
    

    
–

s s
1 % !"%
 
M   4):% !"';%R2!h2)+}' 
7 ):2!"˜;+9(:2;;+i#92!"545% U/)+&!h% (

s ‹
O

 
2! r9×
 r
-

#&% !h+‘)’'5;%h;5+&!h% '():KBC# 


> %

P((:2!X4%})+&%:+&!"P!h% ():6Va5+<%T!+‘
7 )%a;%P;5+Ý:+9 2
> %};+Ý#9% '5@A'® C# Á+q
7 % UB!h+&'*)+

#&% '*F +9: +9'*)+4G2(š)%ü+ 7 4=V +E)%a;%ˆFB%$;+c;5 s +& +9'#&2


O
M ;+E5!Zˆ(+&V  +&'5#&2 x +9; S+&% 5$ %$
P% :2J)!h%

+i 7 2%4/% X(:+^“:/4 ×
7 +&()#&2% '‚ M
 
5$ %$
y -
u + nB)%54(:+M  + 7 FB% Ý;+v;+9 +9'#&2;h(+&V  +&5 ' #&2  MAN s :;RK+9%} % 2):!"%
 +&
 
 y
4•+‘”/2(š)+Z5! (:US#&% '¢“'*)%   )’B V +M N  M
 1 % !h%
 +h
7 #&%' ):2' !h+&'*):+

 +9:+&'5#&2H7 F +&45)+9!"%(

;2 Ó s s
×
 M N  ×

M
Œ.

!Z(<;5% +1 Û+&%:+&!"
 ‡
45)+9!"%(<Va5+

s
×
 M N 
-5.


K% š)’'*):% s
×
 M N 
-5.


;7 4/K+9 R'2#&2;;+ ;%h2!"2J)+B4 s
O
×
 M
- t

     !

P+&(+&'*)’!h% (94®(+&!;+9!"%'():KBC# 
> %4L%c2!hK%)’B' ):+˜):+&% +&!"54L+&(š)’US+&+&#&2;%E+&!

1 % ''¨4#"i%;¨4 Û% 2'*)T† 1 0
4a%$V BK*B'*)+6#&%' F+& +&'#92 $%/#&V ;B
7 )2#vi%$!8+9
7 ):%/;5% $
;+c:+&2
> % ;+c#9% '5@A'® C# 
 
():+X):+&% +&!"ˆ*:'*)+cV +Xx+& 2
> % ;+c#&%'5@A'D& C# x):% :'  (+
2'B):2FB54L2()% +
7 4®c):2 ;+"!#9+&):% S% '*)%Á%Á'%F% 2):+&:';%X(:+9!"+"+9()Á
7 ;+9' )::%Á;

:+&2
> %i;+‚#&%'5@A'D& C# ˜+‚'¨
> %v'i(: Ó:% '*):+&2:
 }(:(2! %˜% :2J)!h%P;+6:+9 2
> %i;+‚#9% '5@A'® C# 

)% '  (+$+9Va52FB+9'*)+R%Z!+‘7 )%a;%Z;+%$}+'&<):% ' %EV Û#&% '5(:2(š)+R+9!W!h2'2!"2€94+&! #B;

2)+9KBC# 
> %4KŽ%B”/2!"KC# B
> %"V ;5B
7 ):2#"; Ó'DBC# 
> %E% Ua“+‘)2JF %Ž(+&! :+&(š)2C# B
> %
 %)’B' ):%4¨B(

$

:% 5:2+9;;+9( ;+<#9% '*F +& +&'5#&2 B( (9
> %i(?!h+&(!Z(®;% !+97 )%a;% ;+($}+'&<):% '*)%,+4 %h(+^“:54

F +&%/#92;B;+q;+G#&% '*F+&: +&'#92 TV ;B $


7 )2#PT6(:+9Va +&'#92  %$  +&:;PS+&%T % 2)!h%<:+9 2B
> %

;+i#&% '5@'D C# 

     

  
 
Ï

s s S ‹

žqŸ S¡¢Ÿa£¥¤Q¦¨§¦  ½¨`ÓÊ9d    Ä


 `R|É°º±R°º]d*_*dE°º\È`‘¬‘°[H¬Œ±Z`‘\] `˜\¯[Áf’[H\ʌea\]^[E_a`


\<º² «`‘| Ë s s

M?Ì
 M ›
 MAÍ
ŒÎ  ‹
ÿ– –

f’[H±W±hd]n¬Œ°JÇR¾`’¶’¶‘°nd\SdEe/\° È[H¬Œ±Z`‘±Z`‘\] R
` |É°º±R°º]d*_*d*¼ ƒ½AeY[H\5¾5d ¿&e` 
l
`
s ² _a`"f‘|JdH¶’¶` s
 \Sd
l l N
¬’`{°da
³ [ »a¼ºÒ `x¿&eA`Q[¶ 
«Hd|[H¬`’¶ M N
A ` × MAN ¶Sda
³ [°J{ed°¶xd
   MAN ` ×
 MAN

'
N N ’Ä
¬’`’¶ Y`’f‘]n°º«Hd±Z`‘\] ` \Sd °º]^`‘¬d µ fSda ³ [¥f’[H¬Œ¬`‘\] `$MANŽY5d¬dx] & [ _a[ ¯¼¥¸P¶’¶‘e/±hdQ¿&eA`cdˆ¾`’¶’¶‘°nd\Sdx_a[
Ä
l
±Z[&_a`‘|[
N
Y`‘¬Œ±hd\¯`’f’`i|É°º±R°º]d*_*d"\Sd"¬`{°da ³ [ »a¼ºÒ
Ä
¿ eA`
&  
‹ s ‹
l O

N
2! 9
r × M N
Do
×
N
M N r

 -5.  
`RY5d¬:d] [&_a[ '
~[cY[H\]^[cMAN
,cO
MAN 2. ÑN `R
² Y`‘|[z±Z`‘\¯[¶X]Bda
³ [ ‘[H± ¿&e5d\]^[[EY5dH¶’¶[¥_a` S
b=deAf’¾ g Ñ N  Ä
\¯[¶`‘\]°n_a[Ž_a`‰¿&eA` »a¼»*»¶`˜«`‘¬Œ° ´Ýf:d$Y5d¬dcd|¹{ea±hd f’[H\5¶‘]d\] ` Õ -5. ,
90
`

¿&eA`
 M N
 `h
² ea±hd 
¶‘e ‘¶`:¿&e ‘ ­` \¯f‘°ndZ{a`‘¬:d*_*dhY`‘|[Z¸P|¹{a[H¬Œ°º]n±Z[X»a¼ºÒQf’[H\«`‘¬{°º\S_a[RY5d¬:d ea±

2'
N
 O
Y[H\]^[`’¶‘]daf‘°[H\Rd² ¬‘°[6M ¼6½AeY[H\5¾5d
Ä
d|`‘² ± ‹Œs _°¶’¶[
Ä
¿&e`DÑN
 -
Y5d¬:dR] [&_a[ Á¶‘eŒ´Ýf‘°`‘\]^`‘±Z`‘\] `

{¬:d\S_a`&¼ =°º\Sd|ɱZ`‘\] `
Ä
¶‘e¢Y[H\5¾5d ¿&e` ×
  M `Ž
² _a`Ó´=\°n_*dY[¶‘°º]n°º«Hd*¼ G\]Hda³ [ dÁ¶`:¿&e ‘ ­` \¯f‘°nd

 ‘`‘±
°º\]^`‘°º¬d
 MAN f’[H\«`‘¬{a`=Y5d¬dPM
Ä
] [&_*d°º] `‘¬d µ fSda
³ [h`’¶‘]Sd ² _a`Ó´=\°n_*d
Ä
`v[‰¬d°[
N
_*dR¬`{°da
³ [

_a`‰f’[H\´Gd\Aµ f&d3`T
² ¶‘eŒ´Ýf‘°`‘\]^`‘±Z`‘\] `ÝY[¶‘°º]n°º«[¼

   ¡¢ 5¤ † 4‚
7 
 Ï

0 

!RÚ<Ü îñêÿïí¢è:ììê ܌áHÜ ð ܯÞàßHáãŒâ ܑä åLå#"%$ èšîê ò‘å6è ç ߢá ê


Þàå
ñ
Ú
è
Ú
è
á
îèAóÿê
Ú
ê¹î
Ü
ð
Ü
!&
ìèAè ê ìnîè
ߢÚ<Ü
ã
å‘á
ìnî
ܑá
îèë
å
ìnêÿîê
ò’Ü
' õ*)+
î
Ü
ó ô
ß
è#(Hë
Ü Ü
ñ
å
î ð
å
ø -( ,šû/. æý øþ!,10 '
   

             


    
 !    

$}+9()+ 1 
L7 ):%54Ý+&(+&'*)’!h% (";% 2(h!+9
7 )%a;% (h:Q+&(:%F +9Z%Q:% U5+&!"Q;5+

:% !"KC# B
> %R'¨
> %2'+q#&% ! +&(š):2šC# % > +9(‚;+i2 B;;5+

P%c:+9(:% JF +9 ! % U+&!"Ž;+R:% !"KBC# 
> %Ž'¨
> %E2'+&P#9% ! +&(š):2šC# % > +9(&4T+R
7 '+ 
Ó5'D

#"
#&+&((
7 2%4•(2!‰J)’'5+!h+&'*)+B4¨:+9;€92i!" C# 
> %c% U “+9)2JF %X+% U5)+9TFa2 U22;;+ (:(+&(

> %Q#&% ' 2)'*)+&(94Ý+X%¥U'#9+!h+&'*)%z;% ("+&(Ó% B9
;% 2(% U “+9)2JF % ("(& C# % ("+9! F/2U22€&KC# B
> % +

%)2!"2€KBC# 
> %‰(&B
> %4'% !ZB!h+&'*)+B4!Z2% q;52@#&;;+T'5% (6 %:2):!"%(

$Ph:2!"+92R(+/C# B
> %4¨5:+&(+&'*)’B!"% (}%Z!+9
7 ):%/;%h;+˜:% !"KC# B
> %"V ;5B
7 ):2#h(:+ 
Va5+&'#92 
 %$

„ %$
+4B!"% (š):!"%(ÛV +q}(+&V  +&'5#&2 } +&:;‚K+9%} %:2):!"% )š:% +}#9% '*F +& +

Va;H)2#&!h+&'*)+c:Qx(:%DBC# 
> %4q;5+&(:;5+ V +X%QS% '*)%z2'2#&2q+9()+ “:Q(5@#&2+&'*)+9!"+9'*)+

%B
7 ”/2!"%X; (% DBC# 
> %
 u +&(#&:+‘F +9!"% (R5!ZX+&():B)/+&
7  2ÁB  % U2€& %ˆ!+97 )%a;%
&$

„K4

('
2'*)%/;5€&2'5;%h%"(U% U+&!"Z:+&(š)2C# B
> %";+v:+9 2B
> %";+v#&%'5@A'D& C# "+v(B!"% (}R)/+&
7 #9'2#&

;+ 3
a;Ž+ œ !h%H“% ! † 4

BÏB0
4/V +P;+&#9% !"¯% > +}%˜((:%‰+9! ;5(q#9% !hK% '5+&'*)+9( ?'% !ZB45
Va5+h+9()X
7 +& B#&2%';%E#9% ! E:+9;DC# B
> %Á;E2' Fa2U22;B;+4K+‰)’'+&'#92 4L#&% ! E!h+&% 

;

!+9
%):2!"2;;+

7 :2):%4¢V ++ 7 !"6#9% !‰U2'KB



C# 
1 % '(š):¨7 !h% ($%   %:2):!"%

> %‚#&% '*F +Œ”5T;+G5!Z‚!"+9;2;‚;5+G%):2!"2;;+®+G5!Z‚!"+9;2;


%$

„Q % U4®+9(:#&%+9';%ˆ!" Ó5'DC# 
> % ;5+

;+ 2'*Fa2 U522;;+B4*#&% !h%R#&2)/+&


7 :2%‰;+ B#&+&2J)’KBC# 
> %R;%RB(:(:%54Va5+ (:+&+ %R!"+9(:!h%R#92%a# 7 '2% 
;%$!+97 ):%/;%v;+}:+&2

:+&2
> %
> %v;+6#&% '5@'D

;+‚#9% '5@A'®
C# 

 :+&=;%i+ Ó +&2):%
C# iK%a;+<(:% Ó


:$+9Fa2;5+&'#92  V +P%$ %:2):!"%

H)% (94*%˜B2#!h% (
&$

B%v+Œ”/+&!h%i;+
„"% UB#&% !

& +&
% G


 
 "*) (
†
0
$PX(:+&';

*+ -, .
(+/BC# 
> %4 B:+9(:+&'*)!"%(˜%Á!+‘7 )%a;%Á;5+h@J)% 4L:%K% (š)%XK%

1 %
7 Fa2( E% '€&*54

2€BUK+‘) :( + 
7 #&2 X'*)26†
–H0
4•+&! V +"( n(+&(i;+RFa2 U522 

Ø
 
    

         
n  

* / B

;;+‚+6%)2!Z2;B;+G(9
> %i)%)!h+&'*)+<2';+9K+9';+&'*):+&(q+6%
7 '2#9%v#&% 5 !h+&'*)%i+9' )::+6+&(R+ 7

 Ó'5#&2%'!h+&'*)%˜+P+&(#&+9F

*)
+&()US+&+9#&2;%$S+&%˜@J):% ”552#&!h% (G(+& +9!"%(<%R% :2J)!h%v;5+

@)::% " ( ;+‚!" Ó% :!"



#&% !h#‘)’54*(+&! +9(:S+&#&2J@#BG% (  % 2)!h% (Û2'*)+9:'%(
 1 % !h+&' 
)’!h% (T(% U:+R(E#&% '*F+&: +&'#92 c % U®ŽS% '*)% ( $ +9()#&2% '‚
7 2% (94¨V +R2';5+&S+&';+;%(

 %:2):!"%( 2'*)+9:'%(G(:;% (945+9! #&;$2J)+9KBC#   SC# !


> %4 ;+&(;+PV +P+&(:(+&(<B % 2):!"% (D(B):2( n

$  u

)
#&+&š)’(˜2<%
7 )+9(:+&(˜(:% U5:+Z( +‘@#&2 +&'#92  +&2à”5!"%(v+9! UK+9):%ˆ V +9()B
> %ˆ(:% U5:+ŽX#&% '

$
F +& +&'5#&2  %/#&G;5%QB % 2):!"%X;+Ž@J):% " ( V +4G((:2! #&% !h% % !+9
7 )%a;%
%$

„#&% !

Ó'DC# B
> %‰;+P!8+&
7 2):%4  +&q;5%‰+ Ó +92)%
K%a;+6(:% Ó :B)% (94/(+T!"˜#9% :+/C# B
> %‰;+P(+& 5';‰% ;+&!

> %Ó% <+ Ó


'¨  +‘)B;

      !#" %$&()' *,+- . !/0&1 234*,+4576
&8/9#:
0 ! !+9
7 ):%/;%Q#&
7 (:(2#&%z:Q+&(:%F +9"%Q:%U+9!Zx +&:<;+Á:% !"KC# B
> %z'¯
> %

2'5+T+q
7 %P;+q%  :!ZSC# 
> %}Va;H
7 )2#&}(+&V +&'5#&2 B
 %$

„
 $}+9():+Ý:%U+9!Z54H% ';5+G)+9!"%(

!Z Ó'®C# 
> %X% Ua“+‘)2F%c+"! #&% 'H“5' ):%Á;5+h+&(š):2šC# % > +9(&4Û +&:!h+&'*):+R'¨
> %X2'5++&(&4•c2;G+&
7 2 

#&% '(2(š)+z+&! (:5U():2)52&4P+&! #B;(:(%4v Ó'®C# 


> %% Ua“+‘)2F% S% c!"ƒ5:%”/2!"KC# 
> %

Va;H
7 )2#&54+Ý( :+9()::2BC# % > +&(DK% D%”/2!ZKBC# % > +&(®2'++&(
 u +9(:(T!"'+92:54B% (U% U+&!"

h(+&P+&(% Fa2;5%"+9! #;h2):+&SC# 


> % ' +v
7 ! :%U+9!ZR;+v:% !"KBC# 
> %"V B;B
7 ):2#&hV +B4

+&! #9% !"KBC# 


> %%h% :2 2'4 S%/;+ (+&6#&% '5(:2;5+&B;%(:2!h+&(

P2#&:+9!"% (‚%Ž!8+9
7 ):%/;5%Z;+˜:% !"KC# B
> %"V ;5B
7 ):2#h(:+9Va5+&'#92 D%Z% U+&!"

#&% ! +&(š):2šC# % > +9(‚'¨


> %2'++&(<;+i2 ;;+ 
,>@?A> ,>@BDC
l l
s

E
F HG > 8  C 
j s M

<;.= O
k
 M
-5.
s s

 
?
E   l
% ';+    +    4 45(9
> % Ó'®C# % >  +9:+9'#&2B7 F +92(
+9(Ý#&% '*):2' !h+&'*)+};2 Ó

0 (::+9!"% ( 1I  M :;5+&'%)6R!ZB)::2€ J #&%U2 '‰;(‚:+9()2BC# % > +&(94S2():%8+B
7 4

s s s

I  : O ‹
M †× ,
 M ×
 M
tJtt
×
  M
^0 t  

:PV +Ý%T#9% 'H“'*):%PFa2B


7 F+&5;5+ S <;.= '¨
> %}(:+^“:PFB€92%}% ‰! 
7 '2#&%PS% '*)%}FB!"% (

F=8  I 

O l
(:S% ?Ñ

M 4:R):%/;5%M   
      

          n  

* /

 Ó'DC# B
> %

'+'RBR%"5:% U+&!"
<;.= +i
7 ;+‘@'2;#9% !h% 
s s

E .
O

 M
.
M
 :  M
t   

? . 
)*)
(#&+9F +9';%$( #&%';2B C# % > +&(D'+&#9+&(:(
7 :2(?;+<%):2!"2;;+?;5+<:2!"+926% :;5+&! #&%';2B C# % > &
+ (?;5+

1 :6%}:% U5+&!" 4B% U/)+&!h% (Û!ü(:2():+&!"};+
l
+9V K C# %
> +&( #9% ü
!
<;.=
2'#¨% 7  'J2 )’(

 M
.
+&!     s

O  ×
E  . I :   M s M O

 M
.  

- t – Ɩ
M
s 
œ U5(:+&šF +vV + ×
E . I : M M

+7 2 ¨
   
× M
.
:Ž+&'#9% '*):T% (}#';52;B):% ( 
"(:% DC# 
> %Z;%Ž% U+9!Z
<;.= 4K+&#92(B!"% (}:+ 
 0

O
(:% JF +&h%z(:2(š)+9!Z '¨
> %z2'+B 
 M
.
(::+9!"%("%z!+‘7 )%a;%x;+ $}+'&<):% ' z

     ' < <


-
Ó'DC# B
> %     $}Ž2):+&SC# 
> % S4L%E(:(%c;+ $}+ &<)% ' † N +R
7 E(:% DC# B
> %


. 0
s

<
;%(:2(š)+9!Z
 I :  N O 
 ×
E . I : s N

I
N N
<
o N 
.  
– ÿÏ
N - ‹   ‹ s o N  ‹ s

% ';+
N
O

 M N
. 
N
O
×
  M N
. 
N
O
×
E Ms N .   s ,

N ×
s

 M N s +E
7 ˆ!"B)2€

+&((:2 B'h;Ó5'DC# 
> %

 :' +&'54 I O
I  MAN 4 ×
E
O
×
E MAN +
O

 MAN


N N
$}%):+ Va5+$R!"B)2€ J #9% U2'R;+  +&!
 MAN
. 
N +7

O O  I :

N

 M N
.
N
I
N N
t  
– Ø
N -

œ B(:(:%X;+ $}+ &<)% 'z+&(š)Ac


7 UK+9!;+‘@'2;5%ÁV '5;% E!"B)2€  +R
7 '¨
> %  (:2'5  B

5
N

:!h% (š)B‚'¯
> %  (2' 2;B;+P;+ 4(B:+&!h% (‚(‚(+& 2'*)+&(62‚%
7 )+9(:+9(

F=8  I
 N
 ©  J #&%U2 '‰;(‚:+9()2BC# % > +&(‚)+9! K%()%#9% !"5+9):%452():%+B
7 4Ñ
 N
O l

 ¦ I!ZB)::2€ +P


7 ;5+9@'2;‰S% (:2J)2FBv'%‰'P 7 #9+&%$; (J #9% U2 B'$;(q:+&(š)2C# %
> +&(&452():%Q+
7 4

<: < <  )I <


N O O

N
Ã
-
:):%/;5%
-
)’¯Va5+
N - 
 Ÿa£¥¤¨§n© 
½¨[ RdH¶‰f’[H\S_°Óµ fS[*
³ `’¶˜daf‘°º±hdŽd"±hd]n¬Œ°JÇR_*d*_*diY[H¬  ¼# `i
² \<da
³ [R¶‘°º\a{ea|Jd¬9¼

  ¡¢ 5¤!
#"%$"'&(*),+-.(*/102"%$3"'41576 "780 "%
9 51:<;%"7),5=&3&>+1$(*),(*$35@? 41A1(*0CB
 ' 4D"'),"76$(
€ E
– t Ø%F
HG
5=4 
&(.ABC$BI5J&(*&6BC)," 5=),5%K BC41BL5
$ 
I I : N  M RN . I : À M
E TS
I M

À
 O
M
 P Q
I N O M – F
O
 
    

            

  

>1-*6(.+1-*(.0C"%41A15 " +1$(.) BC(*$ "'B >1"%80 "%


9 5 A15 &(*&6 BL) "
E
–
TS
F +5=$
N
: :6 BL),5%&

N
: RN . EI N F : À M
O
G
5=),5
I N
&BCK=>14AD",B >1"%80 "%
M
9 5,BC)
E
–
E
FF :
N RN M
"7&  ?B + 5=&( 6 (*;7" A1B /D41(*AD"
TS
:
BC)
O
F: -*5=K=5
NE I M 
>1&6(*6 >(.41A15
N M O
4 " +1$(.) BC(.$"@B<>D"780 "%
D 9 5A5 &(.&6BC),"
E S
F :
F=8 I I : F=8 I
–

56 BL),5%&
À M O
: -*5=K=5
I :
À M 'G O
5=) 5
Ñ
 
E
F
Ñ

II :

E
F

: " ),"76 $(
E II :
F ?B 4!"%
O
9 5&(*41K=>1-."%$HB 0C5%41&
O
B  >BC4 6 BL),BL4<6B
À M  O O
&&(.) :<5'&(.&6BC),""!15%),5=K BC41BL5 –
E TS
F
$
 O#

&D5J
? 6 BC) "J&5=-.> %80 "% 9 5 6 $(*; ( "7- : +5=$ 6 "%4 65," ),"76 $( ?B 4 "%9 5J&(.4K=>1- "7$
G $ &
5=) "%&#0L5=41A1( %80 5= 9 BL& "%0L(.)," BL&6 $ " BL-.BL0C(.A1"%&C:75 "%-.K%5=$( 6 ) 5 A1B B 6 5%4!:=+D"%$" $BC&5%-*;=BL$
>1) &(.& 6 BC),"@4!"%
9 5 -*(.41BC"%$C: 0C5%4<;%BC$K=B% >1"%A1$ " 6 (.0C"%) BC4 6 B +1"%$ " "@&5=-.>#780 "%
9 51:0C5=41& 6 ( 6 >1(*41A15 >1)
5%? 6 (*),5 "7-.K=5=$(*6),5 +D"%$" $BC&5=-*;%BC$I+1$5$1-.BL) "%& 4!"%
9 5 -.(*41B2"7$BC& 0L5=) $BC& 6 $( %80 5=
9 BL&IA1BJ(.K=>D"7-.AD"%AB%:
“ ”
A1BC&A1B"<>1BI5 +5%4<65J(.41(*0C( "7-BL&6 B ",&>/D0C(*BC4 6 BL),BL4 6 B+1$D5 ? (*),5 AD"J&5%-.>#780 "%
9 5
&(') ¡+* ) *Û¡¢¤ 
%,.- §  S ?" >1) " ),"%41BL(.$ " "7-*6 BL$4D" 6 (*;7"+1"%$ " ;=BL$,5 +D"7&&5 BC& 6 "$ BC-*BC0L(.A15 BC)
E0/
Ï<F
21
"7A15
E43
#$5


#

F
1   :10C5=4&(.ABC$B5J&>+1$5-.BC),"6<>D"%A1$17?" 6 (*0C5

>@? > > BDC 7 8
.
  Ñ
: # Ñ ×.:
E:  Ñ

F  G >8 C 
9 E0/
;
I # Ñ . :<# M
F

O
1
BL;=BL),5%& 415%6 "7$=<>1B "

>14#%80 "7
9 55$?>BL6(*;=5 A5+$51-*BC)," F A1( BL$B "%+ BC4D"7& +5=$#>1)
E0/ 
" 0L#5=41&
#$5
S
 A1  E3
4
6 "%4 6 BAD","%+1$5 (.),"780 "%
9 5% >1"%A1$D?" 6 (.0C" A1" >14#780 "%
9 5  "7K=$ "%4K=B2"%41" B "76 5:DAD"%A15  F
 
@
  
5J),5 A1BC-*56<>D"%A1$17?" 6 (*0C5J+D"%$" "

>14 %80 "%
9 5  "%K=$ "741K=B2"74D" ?B

BDC EàÑ
F
E43
# 5


#

F
. × EE3
# 5


#

F :
. Ñ
9
8
Ñ
: # ÑF E0/ 
F
O

"%&
: . I
# 5 # # 5
× EE3
 F : Ñ

O
×.:
G
Ñ

# Ñ

-.5=K=5
E/ 
F +5 A1B &BC$ $BLBC&0L$( 6 "J0C5=) 5

BDC EàÑ
F 9
8
Ñ
: # Ñ . ×.:
G : . Ñ IH

0C5=) " 0C5=4&6 "74<6B


H E43
# 5


#

F
. 
#
HI # Ñ :
G

. 
#
 E :+# . I # Ñ
F
@G
5=41&(*A1BC$"%41A15"
O E/ HO : 
$BC& 6 $(%80 "7
9 5 1
A 5 &>+1$5-.BC)," F : 6 BL),5%&J<>1B G &&(.) :<02"%AD"(*6BC$ " %80 "%
9 5A15') L?B 65 A5 
A1BLK %$ 


)
+1>1$5
+
:=0L5=41&(*&6B BC) ),(*41(.) ( C"%$ 5 ),5 1
O 
A BL-.5M<>D"7A1$D7?" 6(.0L5 AD" >14#780 "%
9 5  "%K=$"%41K=BC"%4D":
&>+>BL(*6 5 " -.(*41B2"7$(C"%80 "7
9 5 AD"%& $BL&6$(780 5=
9 BC&
 
    

            

  

#
9 F5 #  & (*41K=>1-."%$(*AD"%A1B A1B

B "%& 0L5=41A1( %80 5=
9 BL& 
> & "%AD"7& D
+ "%$") 5=& 6 $ "7$H" #$ 4 5"%
! &B ;%BC$(*/D0C"%) :
5 &>1+1$51-*BC),"
E/
F 6 BL) 1 > )," >1? 
4 (.02" &5=-.> %80 "%
9 5
EàÑ 
F : >B &"76 (*& "$

×,
#$5 F#   # Ñ
#
. ×.:
: . I : #
F#
5

.
G
EàÑ M
F
O
I # Ñ
#
:+#
 O
#$5  #
×, EÉÑ
5=41A1B F + 5 AB&BC$ $BLBC&0C$( 6 5 0C5=) 5

# 5  #  # I : #  Ñ
#
 ×.:
× EÉÑ F# G
 E0/
I

F # M  :<# F
O   O 
#  #
  Ñ
" 6 5 < >1BI5 0C5=$$B  "  >( ( ?B <>1B B + 5 A1BL) &BC$ $BC- "70C(.5%4D"%A15=& 0C5=) " &5=-*>#%80 "7
9 5
AD"%& B<>D" %80 5=9 BL&3AB
$ &
B 65=4
E/
0
Ï<F

B "%A(.0C(*5=4D"%$),5%&
#

I : #

A1B "7) 
 5%&#5=& -."%A15=& A1" +1$(*),BL(.$ "

B<>D"780 "%
9 5,BL)
E/
0
Ï<F:15 6BC) 5=&

 # I : #  < #
  ×.:
G

I # M
 
#
. <  O
 :<#



 #
&&(.) :1+ BC- " 4!"7
9 5 &(.41K%>1- "%$(.AD"7A1B AD"J),"76 $( :16 BL),5%&L >B
< #
Ñ
#

. <
# O # F#
 
 
O O

.( 4 6 L
B $+1$BL6 " %80 % " 9 5 BC) 6BC$),5=& A15 ) L?B 6 5 A15JA1B
$
B
&
6 5=4

"%0C(*-.( 6 " "J"%4 7?" -.(.&B A1BI0C5=4 
$
;=BC$K BC40C( " : BL4<>D"%4 6 5 <
 >1B3" BC&6$>6>1$ " AD"LK %$ 
: + BC$) (*6B#A1BL&BL4<;%5=-*;%BC$#"%-.K=5%$(*6),5%&+1$17?" 6 (*0C5=&
+D"%$ " $BC&5%-*;=BL$ 5 +$51-*BC)," A1BI+1$5=K%$ "%),"%80 "7
9 5 4!"%
9 5J-.(*41B2"%$ 0C5=) $BC& 6 $( %80 5=
9 BL& A1BI(.K=>D"7-.AD"%AB

"%-*K=5=$(*6 ) 5 "J&BLK=>1(*$ A1BC&0C$B ;=B BC&6B +$5 0CBC&&5
 )   !#"%$&'
5
( &*)+" E43 Í Í
 F
' M
,.-0
O /132+4
5 &'#$768#9 : ×.: # :<# 9 I  ; #

< 9>=%"@?& B%A :  9." %D: C 97EGFG: & Ñ 9


G G
# #
;
3
#
  3
#

#
;
#
 
 #
; .  # 5 #
=%9H=D& CJO I = È & ÇC >9 = C 9K)+9K$>"ELO ?'97MJNP7O9 EQ$ I & R <  $>"ST=%"@6GU$0+V& "&7W0M" X
Ð I SY&*)*& E43     F
' ' . 8

Z[1]\ O
      

            

   M

    !

& $BL&>1- 6 "%A15%& A1B@0L5 5=4 =



; BC$K BC40C( " &BC$C"7 9 5 B<>1(*;7"%-*BC4 6 BL& %
" 5=& A15 ) L?B 6 5 A15 A5 B B 
$ $ &
A EE3 Í Í E43  
6 5=4 B5,+ 5=4 6 5 (.41(*0C(."%-  F BL&6D, ?" &> /D0C(*BC4 6 BL),BL4<6B'+1$15? @ (.) J5 AD",&5=-.>#780 "%
9 5  F:"7&
 #
9 5  &(*41K=>1-."%$(*AD"%A1BAD" ),"76 $(
  :
0C5=41A(%80 5%
9 BC& A1BJ4!"% &B ;=BL$(*/102"%) B7: "%(.4AD"@&B "%& >14#780 5= 9 BC& G

B
:
&L"%
9 5JA1BI0C- "7&&B

0L5=) A1BL$(*;7"%A1"%& &BLK=>141AD"7&  (.+&0 1
! ( 6 I0C5=4 62? 4<>D"%&L:DBC4 62"%
9 5," &B > BC410L( "
 $
E3  
5
 / 9 E
K=BC$"%AD" +BL-.5 -*K=5=$(*6 ) 5 0C5%4<;%BC$K=B <>D"%A$ "76(.02"7),BL4<6B +D"%$"  F
 " 

&BCK=>(.4 6 B 6BC5=$BC),": BL&6 "$BL-.BL0C(.A5 BC) 5=414D"%4&C: (*- BC$6C:  BC),"%$ L?B 0 D
! "%- : "
K "%&6(!?"$D"%-
/
: K "7$ "%4 6 B6<>1BJ"@;%BC-.5 0C(*AD"%A1B'A1B 0C5=4 ;%BC$K BC410L( ": AD"
$ &B<> BC410L( "
$ K=BC$"%AD"@+ BC-*5
"%-.K=5%$(*6),5 %$
K

-.5 02"7- ?B <
 >D"%A1$17 ?" 6 (*02"

0 5 "EL?'97M NP7O9 EQ$ I .


  *
& #"%$&' )+"S9  C "D)+" )+9   
6WL"EGFG&D6L9Y&= 68EU$0*V" 9>= : 9 : =0+V& " )+9 $7 &=>=%9  >$ "S )+97M I ?&*)*&= =%9 N'6+E0)*&= I WL=%$>F I]C
G
$>"E C   EL6G&= 97S 68SY&!? I DI EGFG&'EU$D&!)+9 68S WL"E C " 9>= C : &+$ I "E&' M I " 3  )+9 E D6L9 =D& CI = & 
.
; = F
   9 :     $>"S S.6+ CJI W0 I $&*)+"M &=>=%"%$ I &*)+"
:  5
 A  E C +V& " 9 I = C 9 68SY& ? IDI EGFG&'EU$D&
: " R N+"M S "
S
)+9 EE3  
5

 F :
C &' D6L9 =%9 "W0M I S 9 I M" I]C 97M&*)+" EE3!  F  I]C BA" 9>= C &   97S
)+9 # E I )+" 9 N+97M & 6+SY: &Y=%$9 D6 7O9 EQ$ I & E43 9 D6G&*: )'M & CJI $&'S 97E C 9WG&'M & EE3   A

# 5 # 5
D6L9 $>"EL?'97MJN+
:  F  F

   
$BL&>1- 6 "%A5 ?B 56 (*A15 "%+1-.(*02"%4A15I5') L?B 6 5 A15A1B
$
B
&
65=4@+D"7$ "I$BC&5=-*;%BC$ 5'&(*&6BC),"

4!"%
9 5J-.(*41B2"%$
 E43
5  × :
G
E43
F
. I : E43
F 
F : E43
O F 

B > "
 E43
5

FH" ),"76 $(


J
"%0L515 ( 7" 4D"AB
 E43
5

 F 5=&6$ "%$BC) 5=&J<>1B


 EE3
5

F'?B 4 "%
9 5'&(.41K=>- "%$
 E3 
4 
4 >) " ; (L(.4!D"74#280 " A B
1  F
1 BL),5%&C: 5 + = 5 $ !(.+ 5%? 6BC&B%:A<>1B
EE3  5



FJ&"76 (*& "$
 % 
B
 
K 5=$6 "%4 6 51: + BC-*5
/ 8  4E 3  
 BL) " :  , F ?B 4!"%
9 5J&(.41K=>- "%$

 &(.41K%>1- "%$  E43  5
 
K#"%$" ) 5=&6$ "%$  >B ' ?B 4 "%
9 5 BL) >1)," ; ( C(.4!D"%4#C80 " A1B  F :A1BL/
41(.) 5=& "

>14#780 "%
9 5'&
 )(    +5=$

EE3
5
< 8 7 >@? C ? 8  EE3
5

F
I : E43
5

 F
I
 5 
& F ; ; ;
E43 M
O  F 

$
5%65 B <>1B%&
E43  5



F  M 
&&(.)
: +5%$@0C5 5=4 6(.4<>1(.A1"%A1B%: B @ (*&6 B >) " ; (L(.4!1"%4#280 " AB S 

  5
E43
 F 6 "7-F<>1B*&
E43 O
 F  M
+D"%$" 65 A5
EE3
 F
 G
5=) *( &6 5:6 BL),5=&L<>1B"%& !1(*+ 5%? 6BC&BL&
A1BC& 6 B 6 BL5=$BL) " &"76 (*& "$LBC)
 O
"7& A15 ) ?B 6 5 A15 A1B
$
B
&
6 5%4!:745 <>D "7- " C
0 5=4 ;=BL$K BL410C(." <
 >D"7A1$D7 ?" 6(.0C" S $
AD" &B<> BL410C(."
$ I ?B K "%$"%4 6 (*AD" A1BC&A1B  >B 5J+ 5=4 6 5 (.41(*0C( "7-
EE3!
5

 F
 ,
 
    

            

   8


B
BC) #$+15 -*51# : " &BLK=>1(*$C: ),5=& 6 $" <>1B " %; BC-*5 L0 (.AD"%AB,A1B 0C5%4<;%BC$K BC410L( " < >D"7A1$D7 ?" 6(.0C"
$
$ $
@
#
EE3 E43
AD" &B<> BL410C(."  F ! 4 "7
9 5 (*),+-.(.0C"'4D" ) BC& )," =; BL-.5 C0 (.A1"%A1B +D"%$"J"J&B<> BL410C(." F

 
&
S    "ELE0&'EG= 9 C ' &  S
 9 &  N+97M &*)*& WL"M 
5 5


EM 8
F
9 $>"EG= I )+97M9 &Y%= 9$D6 7O9 EQ$ I & E43 # #
F L
#
&   #
 
O
# 9

 #
 
'   SWG&'M
3 #
 
O Q
 #
 
' WG&'M 

=%9$D6 7O9 EQ$ I & E43 #  # $>"EL?'97M N+9D6G&*)'M & CJI $&'S 79 E C 9PWG&'M & E M M
5 5
R 97E D 6G&'E C " D 6L9[& ?'97#"%$ I )*&*)+9
F F :
)+9 $>"EL?'97MJN 7O9 EQ$ I Y& )*&Y=%9$D6 7O9 EQ$ I & E43 # WG&'M &  97M "YEK+V& "9  I Q
E 9&'M A
F

KH$(.) BC(*$ "%) BC4 6 B7: ;7"%) 5=& ) 5=&6$ "%$A<>1B


E43 #
5
 #
F
 EM
5
M
F:<>D"%A$ "76(.02"7),BL4<6B
K#"%$"
' +D"%$L:16 BL),5=&

 5
 5
  E 5
   
E43

#
  5

#
 F
 EM M  
5 F
 EM M
 
#
  5
 F 
#
 F

#
 

#
  8
5

E3 #
4 #
F F  O
E3 #
E
 #
O
#
O
#
  O

+5=$ 5%>6 $5 -."%A151: +D"%$"


' ? ) +D"%$

 5
 5
  E 5
   
E43

#
  5

#
 F
 EM M  
5 F
 EM M
 
#
  5
 F 
#
 F

#
 

#
  8 
E43 # #
F F  O
EE3 #
 #
O
#
O
#
  O
G
5=),5 0L5=4 ;=BC$K BC40C( "D<>D"%A1$17?" 6 (*02"
$ (.41ABC+ BC41A1B AD5 " 415=$) ": %" 0C5 "$D"%) 5=& A1B ) 5=&6$ "%$6<>1B "
$ $ E  F +D"%$"
;=BC-*5 0L(.AD"7A1B A1BI0C5=4 ;%BC$K BC410L( ",A1"J&B <> BL410C(."
43 # # EM M
F ( ?B <>D"7A1$D7?" 6(.0C"
$ E F: <>D"%41A5 ' ?B  ? ) +D"%$C: 6 BL),5=& 

43 #
#"%$" "J&B <> BC410L( "
K  

 3 #  M    #   #

 
           8 

    
3 # M 3 # #
O O O

$  $  E43 # M
K 5=$ 6 "%4 6 5: " ;=BL-.5 0C(*AD"%A1B A1B 0C5%4<;%BC$K BC410L( "AD"&B<> BL410C(." F +D"%$ " 4!"%
9 5 ?B &B<>1BL$ -.(*41B2"7$
$ & E  
 
@ (*&6B >) "@;=BL$&L"%
9 5A15 ) L?B 65 A15 A# B B 65=4 +D"7$ " $BL&5=- ;=BC$ F: >B K="%$ "%4 6B
$ $

EE3 $ / 
0C5=4 ;=BL$K BL410C(." <>D"7A1$D7 ?" 6(.0C" AD" &B<> # BL410C(." F BL&6 " ;%BC$&L"%
9 51: &BLK=>141A15 5%414D"%41&HB 63"%-  :
02"%-*0C>1-."  & BI
#  3
0L5=) 5 >4#%80 "%
9 5 A1B :(.&65 7?B :
#
# E43 
  F
O

K 5 A1BC) 5=& BC&0L5=-!BC$ "



>14#780 "%
9 5 
E
 F : A1B 6 "%- ),5 A15 <>1B "
$
0C5=4 ;=BL$K BL410C(." AD" &B<>
$
BL410C(."
E43
#

F
 
    

            

   9

&B > "%<>D"%A1$17?" 6 (*02"


0 )

+ 5=&&C? ;=BL- 02"%4A1(.AD" 6 5J+D"%$" 6 "%-

>14 %80 "%
9 5 ?B


E43
F
 I EE3
F : ×.: E43
F
O 
5=41A1B
I ?B (.4 ;%BC$&"

" A1(*$BC( 6 " A1B
I E43
F
    &B  / 9 #  3
#

&&(.) : $B "$ 5 -*K=5=$( 6 ) 5 : 0C5=)  0C"%-.0L>1- "%A5 0C5%),5 >14#%80 "7
9 5 A1B B
+1$5 ;7"  &B 
/
:+ %?" K
8  / 
: &5 "7& # ),BL&),"%& 
! (.+ 5%
? 6BC&BC& A15
1 BL5=$BL) "
/ /
B 0C5=) "

>14#780 "%
9 5 
E
F

0C5=4 62? 4<>D":<>1B " &B<> BL410C(."
$ EE3
F :DK%BC$ "7AD" +5=$ BL&6 " 415 ;7" ;=BC$&C"%
9 5 A15 ) ?B 6 5 A15 A1B
$
B
&
6 5=4 :
3 
0C5=4 ;=BL$K=B <
 >D"%A1$"76 (*02"%) BC4 6B+1"%$ "

     !

) 5=( ),5=& 6 $"%A15 <


 >1B 5 &(*&6 BL) " A1B B >1"%80 5=
9 BL& -.(*41B2"%$BC&L: BL)
E/
F :? >B &>1$K=B A1"'$B 
5
×  EE3 ×  : E3
&5=-*>#%80 "%
9 5 A15 +1$51-*BC)," A1BH+1$5=K%$ "%),"%80 "7
9 5A<>D"%A1$17?" 6 *( 02": 0C5%)  F BL) ;= B AB G
4
F :
B <>1(*;7"%-*BC4 6 B "%5 &(*&6 BL) "
?B 
E / 

F :  >B $BC&>-*6 " D A " "%+1-*(.02" %80 "%
9 5 A15 ) L?B 6 5 A15 A1B
$
B
&
6 5=4 "

$BC&5=-.> %80 "%
9 5IA15I&(*&6BC),"IAB B<>D"%80 5%
9 BC&34!"% 9 5I-.(*41B2"%$BC&  0L5=41A1( %80 5=
9 BL&H41BC0LBC&&1%?" $(."%&3A1B 5%6 (*) "7-.(.A1"%A1B
A1BI+1$(*),BL(.$ " 5=$A1BL) A15 +1$$ 5 1-.BL) "
E
'F ;)=
G 
5=4 5=$),B3; (.) 5=&#4D" & > 1&B 780 "%
9 5"%4 6 BC$(.5=$L:=5 ) L?B 65 A15 A1B +1$5=K=$ "7) "780 "% 9 5M<>D"7A1$D7?" 6(.0C"
&B<>1BL410C(."%- 6 BL)
$
0C5=4 ;=BL$K BL410C(."-.5 02"7-=<>D"%A1$17?" 6 (*02": 6 "7- 0C5=) 5 &B 6BC) <>D"%4A15&B "%+-.(.0C"@5
) ?B 6 5 A15 A1B
$
B
&
6 5=4

"J$BC&5=-.>#780 "%
9 5JA1BI>1) &(.&6BC)," A1BIB<>D"780 5=
9 BC& 4!"% 9 5J-.(*41B2"%$BC&

"$ B  &B <>1B 5 ) ?B 6 5 A15 A1B
$
B 6 5=4
E &
+D"7$ " " $BL&5=-*>#%80 "%
9 5 A1B >) &(*&6 BL) " 4 "%
9 5
-.(.4B2"%$ F : 41" &>D"@;=BL$&C"7
9 5  7?" &(.0C": 4!"%
9 5 ?B $51>1& 6 5 B 4!"%
9 5 ?B +

5=&&C? ;=BL- K "%$"%4 6 (*$
$
0C5=4 ;%BC$K BC410L( "
A15J+1$5 0CBL&&5,(*6BC$ " 6 (*;%5J" +D"%$6(.$ A1B <
 >D"%- <
 >1BC$ + 5=4 6 5J(.41(*0C(."%-

K BL- "@B<>1( ;7"%- BL410C(."


$ BC4 6 $B 5=& A15%(.& ) L?B 65 A15%&C: 5 ) BC&),5@"%0C5=4 6BC0CBJ0L5=) 5 ) L?B 65 A5
A1BI+1$5=K%$ "%),"%80 "7
9 56 >1"%A1$D?" 6 (.0C" &B<>1BL410C(."%-
?

+ 5=&&C? ;%BC- :3415 BC4 6 "%4 6 51:3K "%$"%4 6 (.$
$>"EL?'97MJN 7O9 EQ$ I & N'#"  '
&
: (*4<6$5 A1>L(.41A15 >) BC& 
 6+EU$0+V& ")+9S 97 M I]C " 
 >BC),":<>1B 0C5=) "'">>1AD"'A1B >1)," :<+5%&& " ),BLA1(.$3B 5=$ 280 "%$35'+$5=K=$BC&&5
A15 "%-.K=5%$(*6),5 BC) A1(.$B %80 "7
9 5"75 ) (.4(.) (2"7A15=$

(*A C?B (." A1BC&&B BC&  >BC)," ?B &BL),BL-!D"74<6B "

$ &
>1& "%A1" +D"%$" K=-*5D"%-*(C"%$ 5) L?B 65 A5 A1B B 6 5=4 : +D"%$" $BL&5=- ;=BL$ >1) +1$51-*BC)," (*$$BC&6$( 6 51:
>B>& "J$BCK%( "%
9 5JA1BI0C5%4/ "%4#C80 "
%$

 
&&(.) : 5 ) L?B 65 A5 K 0L5=) $BCK%( "%
9 5,A1B 0C5=4 / "%4#C80 ": "%A1(*0C(*5=4D",>) " $BC& 6 $( %80 "%
9 5 "75
&>1+$51-*BC)," <
 >D"7A1$D7 ?" 6(.0L51:  >B ?B $BL&5=- ; (*A15BC) 02"7AD"( 6 BL$ "780 "%
9 51:<A1BL/141(.41A5 >1),"I$BCK%( "%
9 5IBC)

 >B@5) 5 ABC-.5 <>D"%A1$17 ?" 6 (*0C5A1" >14#780 "%
9 5  "%K=$"%41K=BC"%4D""7&&>),B ;7"%-*5=$BL& +$D5? @ (.) 5=& "%5=& AD"

>14#%80 "7
9 5 5?>B 6 (*;%5 K 5 A1BL) 5 0C5=$$BC$ 0C5=) +1-*(.02" %80 5=
9 BL&C: +5=$ <
 >1BI"'(.40C-.>&C"%
9 5 A1"'$BL&6 $(780 "%
9 5 $BLK=( "7
9 5
A1BI0C5=4/D"%4#280 "J+ 5 A1B 65=$41"%$ 5,&>1+1$51-*BC),"J(*410C5%41&(*&6 BL4 6 B
 
    

         
  

   /

 ) "%-*K=>1),"%&'( 6 BC$"%80 5%
9 BC& ?B 41BL0CBC&&D%?" $(.5 A1BL&-.5 02"7$ "%& $BL&6$(780 5=
9 BC&L: 5 0C5%$$BL41A15 0L5=) 

+1-.(*02"780 5=
9 BC&415 "%-*K=5=$( 6 ) 5 B "%0L$ C?B &0C(*),5 A15 0C>&6 5 0L5=) +1>6 "70C(.5%4D"%- ) L?B 6 5 A15 BL&0L5=-!1(*A151:
+D"%$ " $BL&5=- ;=BL$5 &>1+1$5$1-.BL) " 0C5=) $BCK%( "%
9 5 A1B 0C5=4 / "%4#C80 ": 6BC) >1) K=$ "%4A1B,(*),+1"%0L65 4D"
$
BL/D0L( BC40C( " B $5>1&6B A15) L?B 65 A5 %$
K

:H+D"%$ 6 (*0C>1-."%$) BC4 6 B +D"%$ " +1$51-.BL) "7& A1B K%$ "%41AB
+5=$ 6 B
G
5=) 5'; (.) 5=&C: 415
G
#

"%+!? 6 >1-*5
9
: 5 ) ?B 6 5 A15 $BCK=( "%
9 5 A1B 0L5=4/ "74#280 " +D"7$ " 5 +1$51-*BC),"
(.$$BC& 6 $( 6 5 "%0LBC( 6 " 5+D"7&&5
&B" 0C5%41A1(780 "%
'
& 
M 
9 )
9 5 1A B  
A BC0C$ C?B &0C(.) 5 &>/D0L(.BL4<6B ?B & " 
: &5%),BL4<6B
 E
6 (.& BC( 6 ": *( &6 5 %?B : &B " $BLA1>#%80 "7
WE 0M9)
9 5 ;=BL$AD"7A1BC(*$ " F?B 6C"%
F K 5=$ L?B ) : +D"%$"'5 +1$5$1-.BL) "K=BC$"%- : BC&& " 0C5=) +D"%$"%80 "7
9 5 5 " <>D"%4 6 5" $BCA1> %80 "%
9 5
&E 'M9) *W0M9)
9 5 +1$BLA1(*6 "
F3ABL;=B AB "%-.K%>1) "

 
6 $( 6 5
 &6 5
5=$)," -.B ;%"7$ BC)
?B

BL(*65 0C5=)
0L5=41&(*A1BC$"%80 "7
9 5,"7& $BC& 6 $( %80 5=
"J"<>>1AD" A1B >)
9 BL&C: "%& <
 >D"%(*& 4!"%
9 5JB
"
 6+EU$0+V& "Y)+9 S97 M I]C "
: + 5=$ B 
@ BL),+-.51:
@ (.& 6 (."%) 415 +1$51-.BL)
  
" (*$$BC&
 
AD"%AD" + 5=$
. 8
  5

 EE3
F
O
:
G
E43
F
 : E43
F


5=41A1B ?B >1) +BL&5 +5%&(*6(*;%51: <
 >1BJ(.$D?" 5=$ 280 "%$ 5 +1$5=K=$BL&&5 A15 "%-*K=5=$( 6 ) 5 BL) A1(.$B 780 "%
9 5"75
 
),(*41(.) (C"%A15=$ H) 5%6(.) (2" %80 "%
9 5I(.$$BL&6 $(*6 ": " >14#780 "%
9 5 A1B ) L?B $( 6 5 ?B &(*),+-.BC&),BL4 6 B " >14#780 "%
9 5
:
5?>BL6(*;%5 : <>1BBC&
G  6 ?" /@"%AD"JA1>1$ "74<6BI5,+1$5 0LBC&&5 A1BI),(*41(.) (C"%80 "%
9 5

) ?B 6 5 A15 %$
K
$

+ 5 A1B >& "%$ 
 >1"%-<>1BL$

>14#780 "%
9 5 AB) C?B $( 6 51: ) "7&,>1),"  >BC&6C"%
9 5
(.) +5=$ 6 "%4 6B ?B " BC&0L5=- 1"IA5+1"%$ "%)
! BL6$5 :<>1B A1B ;=B &BC$3"<>>&6 "7A15IBC) "%-*K=>1),"%& ( 6 BC$"%80 5%
9 BC&C:
+D"%$ " K "%$"%4 6 (.$ <
 >1B " A(.$B %80 "%
9 5,56(.AD" 415@&>1+1$5$1-.BL) " ?B 41BC0LBC&& "%$( "%) BC4 6 B'>1) ",A1(.$B %80 "7
9 5
  $
A1B A1BC&0C(.A1"+D"7$ " BC& 6 "
0C>1(*AD"%A151:+5=(*& BC-*B 6 BC)
>14#%80 "7
9 5
>1)

" = 5 $ 6 B (*4 > BL410C(."J45,A1BL&BL),+ BC
"
& $BCK=$"%& +D"%$""7AD"%+6 "%$ BC& 6 B +D"%$ "7),B 6 $5 $B<>1BL$BC)
4 !5,A15 ) L?B 6 5 A1%5 K
  $ %$
)'>1(*65


%,-    0     
 

A1(*0C(*5=4D"%41A5 " $BC&6$( %80 "%
9 5 $BCK=( "%
9 5 AB 0C5=4 / "%4#C80 " "%5 &>1+1$5$1-.BL) "I<>D"7A1$D7?" 6(.0L5
E0/
F :56 BL),5%&
) (.4(.) (2"7$  : # . : :

 I

# . :<#
 M
G
E0/ 8 M
 
&>+>BC( 6 5 " F
6# O


(*410C-*>1&C"%
9 5 AD"$BC&6$( %80 "%
9 5 A1B $BCK=( "%
9 5 AB 0C5%4/ "%4#C80 " 6 5%$4D"5 &>+1$5-.BC),"
E/ 8 M
F : 0C5=4&( 
A1BC$" ;%BC-*),BL4<6B%: ),"%(.& A(
  ? 0L(.-A1BI$BC&5=-*;%BC$ <>1B5 +$51-*BC),"6 >1"%A1$D?" 6 (.0L5
E0/
F

- L?B ) A1(.&&51:
5@415 ;=5 ) 5 A1BL-.5,+5 1
E0/ 8 M
A B'4BC) &BC) +1$B 6 BC$ &5=-*>#%80 "%
9 5: + 5=$ <
 >1BJ"%& $BC& 6 $(%80 5%
9 BC& A15
) &>1+1$51-*BC),"

"
/ 8
F + 5 AC
B ) 4 "%
9 5 6 BC$ 41BL4!<>1) +5%4<65JBC) 0L5=) >1) :10C5%),5J) 5=&6$ " " (.K=>$ "

K#"%$" $BL&5=- ;=BC$ BL&6B0L5=4 ( 6 5 BL4 6 $B &"76 (*& "$LBC$ " $BC&6$( %80 "%
9 5 -*(.41BC"%$ BI" $BC& 6 $( %80 "%
9 5 AB
E0/ 8 M
5=-." BC) F: 4!"%
9 5(D"7&6 " &(.) +1-.BL&) BC4 6 B "7>1),BL4 6 "%$ 5I$"%(.5 A1"I$BCK=( "%
9 5 A1B 0L5=4/ "74#280 ":<+ 5=(.&
 
    

         
  

   

p2

Akp+fk =0

∆k
p1

) (.K=>$ "
/ 8   40C5=41&(.& 6 BC$ 40C( "BC4 6 $B "I-.(*41B2"7$(C"%80 "7
9 5 AD"%&3$BL&6 $(780 5=
9 BC&3B "$BCK=( "%
9 5IA1B 0C5=4/D"%4#280 "

4!"%
9 5 6 BL) &BL4<6(.A15 0C5%41&(*A1BC$"%$ 5=& +5=4 65=& BC) <>1BI5,) 5 A1BC-*5J"%&&>1),B ;7"%-*5=$BL& A1(.& 6 "%4 6 BL& "75
 :
AD" >14#%80 "7
9 5,5 > BL6 ( ;=5 G 5=$(.K=(*4D"%- :"%- C?B )
+1$5=K%$BC&&5 1 A1BI+1$B > >1A1(.0C"%$ 5
A 5 "%-.K%5=$( 6 ) 5
1 E / M E 9 /

'
0 8
BC4 6 $B 5=& ) L?B 6 5 A15=&M >B $BC&5=-*;%BC) 5 +$51-*BC)," F: ;=B >"@+5=$ B @ C B ) +1-.5  # :
+ %?" K
 / 
F :=0L(*6 "%),5%&#5 ) L?B 6 5 A15 AB $AJB

),5+>5 >4) :
S 9  
: <>1B BC1
3
4 0L5=4 6 $"" & 5=-.> %80 "%9 5


E0/ 8 M 
A15 &>1+1$5$1-.BL) " F BC) A1>D"%& "%&BL& # 0C"%AD"'( 6 BC$"%80 "7 9 5'A1BL&6 B ) ?B 6 5 A15 6$ $ " D"7- !D"IBC) >1),"
3 EQ"M7SY&' E
$BCK%( "%
9 5 0CBC4 6$ "%AD" 4D" ( 6 BL$ "%AD" 0C5=$$BC4 6B : B @ ?B 0L5=) +5=& 6 "AB >1) +1"%&&5 +D"%&&5
C &'E+N+97EQ$ I &' E 
A1B ; ( "$(.-.(*AD"%A1B2F : &BLK=>1(.A5 A1B@>1) +D"%&&5 +D"%&&5 A1B@576 (.),"%-*(.AD"%AB F +D"%&&5
6 "%# 41K%BC410L( "%- A1BL;%BJ&BCK%>1(.$ >) " A(.$B %80 "%
9 5 415 BC&+D"C80 5 4<>1-*5 AD"
J "%0L51( "74D" AD"%& $BC& 6 $( %80 5=
9 BL& BC)
3

$
" +$(.) BC(*$ "

"%&B%: (*K=415=$"%) 5=& "

>14#780 "%
9 5@5 > BL6 ( ;=5,A1B
E0/ 8 M
F : B'+1$5 0L>1$ "7),5=& & " 

6 (.& "$CBL$ " -.(.4B2"%$(2" %80 "%
9 5IAD"%& $BL&6 $(780 5=
9 BC&L:+ BC$),"%41BL0CBL41A15 A1BL4 6 $5'AD" 5=- "  ? +1$BL0C(.&5 BC4 6C"%
9 5


) +
$BC&5=-*;%BC$ 5J&BLK=>1(.4 6B&>1+1$51-*BC)," 415=$),"%-
>@?A> @> BDC  I  .  7
# :<#

>
F HG 8  

C    
 

%#
E0/ 88
F
; 

5=41A1B

+ 5 A1B & BC$ <>D"%-  >BC$ ;%"7-.5=$  4 5 (*4 6 BC$ ;7"%-.5 F )," & >1K=BL&6C"%
9 5 ?B
EM
5
8 0  M
5


G E0/ 88 O
5=) 5 +D"%$ " $BC&5=-*;%BC$ BC& 6 BH& >+1$5-.BC)," F :D"%& 6 " ) (.41(*),( 2"%$ >1,) "A<>D"%A1$17?" 6 (*02"
 C 9 I FG&'6'N ( "N'#9 N 
4D". 5=- ": + 5 ABC) 5=& >& "%$ 5=& "%-*K=5=$(*6 ) 5=& A1B 5=> : <
 >1B'+5 A1BC) &BC$ BL410C5=4
9 / 
6 $ "7A15=&C:+5=$ B 
@ BL),+-.51:1BL) 

#
 ) +
&5=-*>#%80 "%
9 5 A1BL&6 BI&>1+1$51-.BL) " ?B 5 +D"%&&5 415=$),"%-
 
    

            

  

  E/ 8 M
B 6 5=$4D"%) # 5=& 0C5%) " >4#%80 "%
9 5 5?>B 6 ( ;=5 A15 &>1+1$51-*BC)," F BJB @ (.K=(*),5%& <
 >1B
) + 
5 +D"%&&5 6 5%6 "%- $BCA>2" &BL>;7"%-.5%$C: &BL# ) A1BC( 
@ "%$ A1B & "76(.& "$CBL$ " -*(.41BC"%$( 2"780 "%
9 5 AD"7&
$BC& 6 $(%80 5%
9 BC&C: "7&&(*) 0C5%),5 5 +D"%&&5 415=$),"%-

:D$BL&>1- 6 "%41A5 5J415 ;%5 &>1+1$5$1-.BL) "

><? > @> BDC  .  : 7

 :
# :

>
F HG 8   I C I  


# #
#
G
E0/ 8 9

   O ; F
6#

 E0/ 8 9
K=5=$"# :#?B 0C-."%$5M >B "7& $BC& 6 $(%80 5%
9 BC&HA15I&>+1$5-.BC)," F &C"%
9 5I0L5=41&(*&6BC4 6 BL&C: +5=(*& 5 +5%4<65
 
&"76 (*& "$I"7) D
 "%&
O E0/ 8 9 
 &6 B 45 ;%5 &>1+$51-*BC)," F A1( BL$B A15 &>+1$5-.BC),"@A15 ) L?B 6#5 A15 $BCK%( "%
9 5@AB
0C5=4/D"%4#280 "
E 
B %80 "7
9 5
9 
F:1+5%$ 02"%>1&" A1" $BC&6$( %80 "%
9 5JA1BI(.K%>D"%-.A1"%A1B
I # I  #

O
B $>) & > 
1
5=& C B 4 6C"% BC&B > "%)
9 5 BL-.(*),(*4D"%$ BC&6 " $ BC& 6 $( %80 "%
9 5 1
A BJ(*K=>D"%-*AD"%A1B7:!+D"%$" 5$6 L
E / 8$8

+1$5-.BC),"IA15 6(.+ 5 F : <>1B 0L5=41&(*&6B BC) ) .( 41(*),( 2"%$ >1),""<>D"%A1$17?" 6 (*02"4D"" = 5 - "IB%: +D%
" $"

5 <
 >D"7-!0C5=4!1BC0LBC)

BC410L5=4 6 $ "7$5 +1"%# &&5


5=& ; %?" $(.5=& )
415% $),"%-

L?B 65 A5=& A1BI$BL&5=-*>#%80 "7
BCK%>141A15
9 51:10C5%),5 5=& <
 >1B 1
> ?"

5 ) ?B # 6 5 A15 A1B
3 $A B

),5+># 5
' 5=$ "7)
>)
0C( 6 "%A5=& +D"%$"
:!0L5=41&BCK=# >1(*),5%&
(.&65

"CBC4A15
 #
. 8: ) "7&0L5=) 5
I  . # :<# M
BC4 6C"%
9 5
I # . :+# I  . # :<#

O O O
A15=41A1B7:
I #
#
I  #
#

I # E  #
.98 F O I  #
#
S
I 8 # O M
" 8 
E I #
F " 8  #

#
5

S
5=41A1B "%&I0C5%-.>14D"7& # AD" ), "76$(
2#  O
5%$),"%) >1)," D"%&B +1"%$ " 5
O
BC&+D"C80 5 4<>1-.5 A1B
I #
B
#

   
&&(.) :
 #
.  #

#

  O
>1& 6 ( 6 >1(*41A15
#
 #
. 2#
 4D"

>14#%80 "7
9 5 5$?>BL6(*;=5 A15 &>1+1$51-.BL) "
E/ 8 9
F :
56 BL),5%& 5 &BCK=>(.4 6 B&>+1$5-.BC),"
O )
6 "741K=BC40C( "7-
+
4D" ;7"%$(27?" ;=BL- 

>@?A> > B C  E  .  7 #
 #
. . : E  . #

F :
# # E  # :  #

F HG > 8  C  I  . I  
 
 F

#
#
# 2# I  #
#  G F
E0/ 8 /

 .   
?; #
F
# O %#



BLBC&0L$B ;=BC) 5=&H"

>4#%80 "%
9 5 5$?>BL6(*;=5 A15 &>1+1$5$1-.BL) "
E/ 8 /
F :7A1BC&+1$B2"%4A15I5=&#6 BL$) 5=&#0L5=41& 

6 "%4 6 BL&  >B &L"%
9 5J(.41A1BL+BL41A1BL4<6BC& A1B  :+5=(*& BC-*BC& 4!"%
9 5 "%- 6 BC$"%) " &5=-.>#780 "%
9 5 &&(*) :
8
E  #
. 2#
 F : # E  #
. 2#
F
.  : E . :
#
 #
F
9
 G
O
     

            

   S

8
 #
 
#
#
. 8
E 2#
F : #  #
. 8
 #
 # E  #
F
. 8
E  #
F : #2# .  : .  : :
#
: 2#

O
9 9 9  9 
  G G 
O
 #
 # E 2# . 8
E 2#
: #  # .  : : 2#

O
F 9 F 
 G 
O

9
8

 : : E # #  #
F 
. E :
G

. #  #

F :  #

5

O
S S
 I:

 >B ?B >1)," >14#780 "%
9 5 <>D"7A1$D7 ?" 6(.0C"
I  #
 #

 #
G
5=) 5
2#
 
E #
F B
E #
F:!6 BL),5=&M >B
E  #
F : O
M
:!(*&6 5 7?B :
 #
 B
&L"%
9 5J5=$65=K=5=41"%(.&
 -.BL;7"%4A15 "75 <>D"%A$ "%A15,"%) 5=& 5=& ) BC) 1
 $5=& AD"J$BC& 6 $(%80 "7
9 5,A1BA1BL&(.K%>D"%-.A1"%A1B BC)


E0/ 8 /
F:156BC) 5=&

 . #
 #    #

E  #
. 2#
: E  #
. 2#

 #

 #
  #
. : : . #
#
 #
  #

 F
. E 2#
F :  #
F


 #
5

2#  #

0C5=) 5 B &C"%


9 5J5=$ 6 5=K%5=4D"%(*&C:

    .   #
   #

#

 

 # #      #



G
$BCA1>  & B
) +
5=) (*&651: 5 &>1+1$51-.BL) " 6 "%4K=BC410L( "%- ") (.41(*),( 2"%$ >1)," <>D"%A$D7 ?" 6(.02" 0C5=)
$BC& 6 $(%80 "7
9 5 AB>) "6 5=- ": BI+5 A1B &BL$ BL&0L$(*65J0C5=) 5

><? > > BDC  E   7
. E .  #

  : : : 2#
F  G > 8  C       
  # # 2# : #
F
     F
G  
# E0/ 8
# #  F
;

#
 ) +
&5=-*>#%80 "%
9 5 A1BL&6 B&>1+1$5$1-.BL) " I ?B 5 +D"%&&5J6 "%41K%BC410L( "%-
E0/ 8 

1
?B 6 5 A15=&   BC4 6 $B 5=& )
> B $BL&5=- ;=BC) 5 & >1+1$51-*BC)," F %
: 0L5=) 5 5=& 0C(*6 "%A15=& +D"%$"
E0/ 88 ( "N
$BC&5=-*;%BC$ 5 &>1+1$51-*BC)," F%: A1B ;=BL),5=& *- BC) $ "%$  >B &D5 ? + 5 ABC) 5=& >1&"%$ 5 ) L?B 65 A15
#9 N
<>D"741A15 6 BL),5%& K "%$"%4 6 ( " A1(
 C 9 I FG&'6XN
B <>1BI" ) " 6 $(
E # #  #
F ?B + 5=&(*6 ( ;7" A1B /D41(.A1":1BC4 >1"%4 6 5 :
E / 8 

 >B 5 ) ?B 6 5 A15
 )
+ 5 AB &BL),+$B &BL$H"%+1-*(.02"7A15 +D"7$ " $BC&5%-*;=BL$ 5 &
(*K=>1$ "
> 1+1$$
5 1-.BL) "
/ 9
F
(.-.>&6 $",5=& +D"%&&5=&
)
415%$),"%-
+
B
)
6 "741K=BC40C( "7-
+
+1"%$ " >) +1$51-*BC),"
&(.) +1-*BC& 0C5%) A1>D"%& ;7"%$(27?" ;=BL(.& B >) "J$BL&6 $(780 "%
9 5,AB (*K=>D"%-*AD"%A1B 4!"7
9 5,-*(.41BC"%$

& 0C>1$ ;7"%& 6$ " 
0CB > "7AD"%& $BL+1$BL&BL4<6 "%) "%&H0C>$;7"%& A1B 4
 ? ;=BC-AD" 
>14#%80 "7
9 55$?>BL6(*;=5: 0C>+>5I) (.41(*),( 2"%A15%$I?B
3  

$BC& 6 $(%80 "7


9 5 A1B (.K=>1# "%-.AD"7A1B BC& 6 ?" $BC+1$BC&BL4 6 "%AD" + BC-." -*(.4!1" 0 
! BC( " :%B " 0C(*$0L>14
 $
BC$ BC410L( " 6 $ "70CB > "7AD"
3 
0CBC4 6$ "%AD" BC) $BC+1$BC&BC4 6 " " $BC& 6 $( %80 "%
9 5 $BCK=( "%
9 5 A1BJ0C5=4/D"%4#280 " BC&+D"C80 5 6 "741K=BC4 6B,AD"7&
 
    

         
  

  


#
3 E  #
$BC& 6 $(%80 5%
9 BC& J
0C5=-*>14D"J41BC& 6 BB
?B ),5=& 6 $"%A15
BC)
+BL- " -.(*4!D"@+ 5=4 6 (*-!D"%A1"@+D"%&&"%41A15
+1-.5 F :DB5,+D"7&&5,415=$# ) "%- # I ?B + BC$+BL41A1(.0L>1- "7$ "JBC& 6 BBC&+D"C80 5
+ 5=$ 6 BC)
0
"7+BL4D"%&I>1),"
)," 0!5=? +1(."
.
@
3 
A15 BC&+D"C80 5 6 "%41K=BL4<6B%: +D"7&# & "741A15 +5%$ :!A1BL/141BJ
# >1) 0L# 5=4+>>14 651# : 415 <>D"%- ABL;=BJBL&6 "7$
5 +1"%&&5 6 "741K=BC40C( "7-
2#


&&(.) : 5 +D"%&&5 65%6 "7-
 .  #
 &"76 (*& "$

" $BL&6 $(780 "%
9 5
O
$BCK%( "%
9 5 A1BI0L5=4/ "%4 280 "

) (*K=>1$"
/ 9  
+D"%&&5
#
 #
.  #

#

A5 ) L?B 65 A5 $BCK=( "%


9 5 A1BI0C5%4/ "%4#C80 "
O

*     
 )  
0 ),"I;%B 02"%-*0C>1-."%A15I5 +1"%&&5'415=$) "7-1B 5+D"%&&56 "%41K%BC410L( "%- :=6 BC) 5=&H5+D"%&&5'6 576 "%-
#
 #
.  #

# 5

B35 +1$15? @ (.) 5 +5%4<65 K=BC$"%A15 +BL-.5 "%-*K=5=$( 6 ) 51:2" +D"7$6 (*$!A1B
3
#

: &BL$D?" AD"

5=$),"
3
#
  3
#
. #

O
$BC0L(.&"%),5%&C: BC4 62"7
9 51:7AB "7-.K=>1)," BL&6 $"76 L?B K=( " +1"%$ " "%0LBC(*6 "%$!5=>I4!"7
9 5 BL&&B 415 % ; 5 + 5=4 6 51:
$
K
E
;)=
" /1)
 4 6 $5 A1>
A1BIK "%$"%4 6 (.$ 0C5=4 ;=BL$K BL410C(.",A15,"%-*K=5=$( 6 ) 5'+D"7$ "J" &5=-*>#%80 "%
L(.) 5=& >1)
9 5JA15 +1$
BC& <
 >1BL)
5 1-.BL) "
" <
'F
 >1B7:=0C5%) " "<>>1AD" A1B >1),"

>4#%80 "%
9 5 A1B ) C?B $(*6 5:7+ 5=&&"

),BLA1(.$ B 5=$ 280 "%$ 5J+1$5=K=$BC&&5 A15 "%-*K=5=$(*6 ) 5'BL) A1(*$B 780 "%
9 5 "%5J),(*41(.) (C"%A15=$
  68EU$0+V& " )+9 S97 M I]C "
BL&0L5=-!1(*AD" ?B

. 8
 
 EE3
F
O
:
G
E43
F
 : E43
F
 E0/ 8
F

  9 / G 8 
> 6 $ "7& >14#%80 5%
9 BC& A1BI) L?B $(*65 +5 A1BL) &BL$ >& "%AD"7&C:D;=B > " + 5=$ B @ BL),+1-*5  : "%+
 
    

            

  $

#
 
B5 +1"%&&5 +1$5 A1>>) A1BC0L$ C?B &0C(*),5 &>/10C(.BL4 6 B4D" >4#%80 "%
9 5 A1B) L?B $( 6 51:1BL4 62"%
9 51:
G
5 +D"7&&5 ?B "%0CBL(*6 5 "%&5 0L5=4 6 $D7?" $(.5: 5 $ "%(*5 A1" $BCK=( "%
9 5 A1B0L5=4/ "74#280 " ?B $BCA1>C(.A5 B 5
+D"%&&5 $BL02"%-*0C>1-."%A151:<$BC+ BL6 (*41A15  &B 6 5 A15 5'+1$5 0CBL&&5 H) K=BL$ "%- : "'A1(.$B 780 "%
9 5'A15 +D"%&&5 ) >AD"
 >1"%41A15 5 6 "%),"%4 !15JAD" $ BCK=( %
1 M
"9 5 I ?B "%-*6BC$ "7A15  3
# #

   "%A15=&

: 5 + 5=4 6 5 0L5=$$BC4 6 B

B >1) +D"%&&5 : A1BL/141(.) 5=& " $BCA1>#780 "%
9 5
0L5=),5 C < 7 # #
. #

;
O
 E43
F

 E43
F


 
&BC$ ;=BJ >B%:=+D"7$ " 5 +1$51-*BC)," K=BL$ "%- : " $BCA1>#780 "%
9 5 ;%BC$A1"%A1BC(*$ " "2;%"7-.( " " ;7"%$(."%80 "%
9 5 AD" >14#780 "%
9 5

A1BI) L?B $(*651:<>1BI+D"7$ "J5 +$51-*BC)," (.$$BC& 6 $(*6 5  ?B " +1$15=? +1$(." >14#%80 "7
9 5 5$?>BL6(*;=5
K#"%$" &(.) +1-.( /D02"7$ " 415%6 "%80 "%
9 5JA1BL415%6 "%$BL),5=&

 
 :

 O
 :
G
E43
#

F:
O #
: : E43
F :
O
I I
#
EE3
F:
O
  E43
#5


#

F :

 <F F 
. :F
O
1E
F 9
8
F:
O
1
"%A15 :15J)
3
#

5 ABC-.5 +1"%$ "J"



>14#780 "%
9 5,AB) C?B $(*65
E0/ 8
F:1&BLK=>141A5
G
5=414 :
"
5=>-.A!:
1 5=(*4 6 :
HS=S M  
 . : . .  . I 
+ %?" K : ?B # 8
 E
F
:
G
EE3
F 9 : : 


&&(.) " $BCA1>#780 "%
9 5
  P )
O
+1$5 A1>C(.A1"J+ BC-*5J+D"%&&5
#

?B ABL/D41(*AD"J0C5=) 5

7

;
<   EM
F
  
E
#

F
 .   .  E0/ 8 S
F
O O

5=41A1B
    :   . I  
:
#

O
E0/ 88  #

?B " $BCA1>#780 "%


9 5 415,) 5 A1BC-*5 F:156(.AD" + BC-*5 +D"%&&5,45=$),"%- :

 
 9
8
8 : 8 . E 2.
# #
 #

F :
8 #

O
 
    

         
  

  '


?B " $BCA1>#780 "%


9 5 415,) 5 A1BC-*5
E0/ 8 
F 5$6 (*AD" +BL-.5 +D"%&&5J6 "%4K=BC410L( "%-
8 #
2#

#

:DB
O

 9
8
 #
:  #
. :  #

O
 #

?B " ;7"%$( "780 "%


9 5 415J),5 A1BL-.56<>D"%A1$17?" 6 (*0C5JA15  "%K=$ "741K=B2"74151:15 6 (.A5 +BL-.5J+D"%&&5 415=$),"%-
 E/ 8 S
& A15=(.& +$(.) BC(*$5=& 0C5=) + 5=41BC4 6BC& A15J- "7A15 A1(.$BC( 6 5 A1B F &C"7
9 5 +5=&(*6(*;=5%&C:1+ 5=(.&
&C"%
9 5 5 6 (.A5=& ) (.41(*),( 2"%41A5  &B " 415=$),"'AD"J"%+$5 @ (.),"%80 "%
9 5 -.(*41B2"%$ AD"%& $BC& 6 $( %80 5=
9 BL& 4D" $BLK=( "7
9 5
A1B 0C5=4 / "%4#C80 "@BJ" "%+1$5 @ (.),"780 "%
9 5<>D"%A1$17?" 6 (*02" A5  "%K%$ "%41K%B2"%415 415 BC&+D"C80 5 4<>1-.5 AD"
J "%0C5 
1( "%41" AD"7& $BL&6 $(780 5=
9 BC& %B : & >+>BC( 6 5 "%(.41A1" ," $BCK=( "% 9 5 A1B C 0 5%4/ % " 4#C80 ": $ BC&+BL0L6(*;7"%) BC4 6 B # "%& 5

E/ 8 S
0  
6 BC$0CBL(.$5 6 BC$),5BC) F +5 A1B,&BC$ + = 5 &(*6 ( ;=5 5=> 41L B K "76 ( =
; 5 + "%&&5 415=$),"%-
1 + 5 AB
 E / 8 M
0
+1$5 A1> L(.$'>) "%>),BL4<65 415 ;7"%-.5%$ AD" >4#%80 "% 9 5 $ 5 ?>BL6(*;=5 A5 & > +1$ 5 -.BC)," F : 5 <>D"%-
41BC) &BC) +1$BI&BC$DJ ?" 0C5%),+ BC41&"%A15
K#"%$" K "%$ "74<6(.$$BCA>#%80 "%
+BL- " $BLA1>#780 "%
9 5 415 ) 5 ABC-.5
9 5,A1"%AD" +BL-.5J+D"%&&5J6 %
E/ 8 S
0
:TF!BC&0L5=-!BC) 5=&
" 4K=BC410L( "%-
&> /D0L(.BL4<6BC) C
B 4 6 H
B K=$"%41A1B

 < 
7

+D"%$ "6<>1B ; &B > " +5=&(*6(*;=5


7

;
<  .   .   M
O

K#"%$" +$5 A1>C(*$ >1) A1BL0C$ C?B &0L(.) 5J&(.K%41(*/D0C"%4 6 BI415J) 5 A1BL-.5
E/ 8 S
F :1B @ (.K=(*),5=&

7
<  .   .    H  
S
;
O
5
EM

H 8
+D"%$ "J"%-*K=>1) F

&&(.) :1BL&0C5%-!1BL),5=& : 6 "%- <
 >1B

  E  .  F
E 8  H
F
 

K=5%$ ": BL&6 "%),5%&"%+ 6 5=& +D"%$" BL&0C$BL;%BC$ 5 "%-.K%5=$( 6 ) 5 A1B &$
K

0C5=) $BCK=( "%
9 5 AB
0C5=4/D"%4#280 " :D+D"%$ " $BC&5%-*;=BL$ 5,+1$51-*BC),"
E
;.= F
      

            

  M

 )     N'#"  &' S


 =%$>" FG& & = >$ "EG= C &'E C >9 = 9 
M   5
 5
 EM
5
8
F
;
 =%$>" FG&Y68S LW "E C " I E I $ I &' 3! 9 6+S M & I " I E I $ I &' )*& M9 N I +V& " )+9.$>"E # &'EU$D& M ;
' M
,.-0
O /132+4
5 &'#$768#9 :
5
:+#
5
 :
5
I ;
#

5 &'#$768#9 >9 =  JC I SY& CI ?&=  + $ $


G G
) "YS.6+ CJI W0 I $&*)+"M
#
WL"M
#
E I I : F I 
# # # : ;
$  
  9  :+#     
G
=%9  : 
 I #  
#

 G :  
K&'M9.$>"S =%"@68U$0+V& " &7W0M"  SY&*)*&
#
O

I 3 A
< 9>=%"@?& ".=76  W0M"  #97SY&EQ"M7SY&' 0E / 88 WG&'M&  #
;
F
5 &'#$768#9 & SY& C M I  # $76 &= $>"@6+E0&=  " M7SY&'S 68SY&  &=%9WG&'M& " 9>= WG&XU$%"
:
EL68#" )+9 #; I
5 &'#$768#9 "6 & C 6 &' I 9 #;
#
< 9>=%"@?& ".=76  W0M"  #97SY& C &'E+N+97EQ$ I '
& E/ 8  WG&'M& ;
F 
 &XU$D&
#
 C7  # ;
# #
.
5 &'#$768#9 O * < 
#

O
7 ;

;
<
=%9 * # 

 &XU$D& 3
#
  3
#
. #
;
 =%$>" FG& 6# O
 
C &' D 69 6#
 
6#

=%97EK+V& "
# #
 &XU$D& 3   3

 =%$>" FG& 6# O
 
C &' D 69 6#
 
   ; #

' ' . 8

Z[1]\ O

 
0L5=41& 6 "%4 6 B : <
 >1B A1BL/D4B >1)
BC415%$3
5
+1"%$ ""$BCK=( "%
9 5IA1B 0C5=4/D"%4#280 "415'&>1+1$51-*BC)," $"%(.5I)
E0/ 88 M 
F : I
 ?B 0C5=) >),BL4<6B BC&0C5=- !1(.AD" (*K=>D"%- "

+1$5 7; " A1" L 0 5=4 ;=BC$K C
B 40C( " K=-.5$D"%-!A15
$ 
-*K=5=$(*6 ) 5
/ 
+5 A1BI&BL$ BL410C5%4<6$ "%A1":D+5%$
B @ BC) +1-.5:1BC)
G
5%414!:
"
5 >1-.A : %
= 5 (.4 6
 1
& ) 
   )  ' 
4 
BC-*(L),BL4<6B%: 5 ) L?B 65 A15 %$
K

0C5=)

>14 %80 "%
9 5,A1B') C?B $(*6 5 + 5 A1B$B > BC( 6 "%$ +D"%&&5=& AB
$
B
&
65=4 " +D"%$6(.$ AB +5=4 65=& "%$ 1
 ( 6 $"%$(."%),BL4 6 B +$D5? @ (.) 5=& "
 &5=-.> %80 "%
9 51: 65=$4D"741A15 -.BL4<6 " "
$
0C5=4 ;=BL$K BL410C(.",A15 "%-*K=5=$(*6 ) 5
 
    

            

  8

 &6 B (.41A1BL&B 1
> 7 ?" ;=BL-

BC4 5=),BL415
$ ?B 0 D
! "%),"%A15
9 9 I]C " &'M & C %" = 
: + 5=(.& =
% 5 (<+1$(.) BC(.$"%) BC4 6 B
9 M 
51&BL$;7"%A15
0 + 5=$
&"%$BL),5=& 5'B 
"%$"76 5=&
@ BL),+-.5
E

9 /
: + %?" K
%S 
F:<A1B K 5
&
BC-*- 
9 
: +D"%$ "(.-*>1&6$ "%$HBC& 6 B

" 6 5

><? > @> BDC 7
: E43
5
E3
9 4  .   
F HG > 8  C 
  3 3 8 3
G   F   F 
. E0/ 8
3 O 3   8 M F
;  
O
 5
 E M
: 0 5=$$BC&+5=4 

3 8
&5=-*>#%80 "7
9 5 A1BC& 6 B +1$51-*BC),"?B F : 0C5=) ) >1- 6 (*+1-.(*02"%A15%$ 1A B  "%K=$ "741K=B L

A1BC4 6 B 
 /

9 B
 E3 
4
5
 O
 F
    
>14#780 "%
9 5  "7K=$ "%4K=B2"%41"
E/ 9

F D
+ "%$" BL&6 BJ1 + $51-*BC),"
O O
?B
EE3
5



F
E 9 


F
EE3 

. 3


 8
F
 3



O
G
5=),5,
 /

9 :6BC) 5=&

O
EE3
5 /

9 F 9
8
EE3 

. 3


 8
F
 3



 ) (.K=>$ "
/ /
),5%&6 $"I"I&5=-.> %80 "%
9 5
O
3 
: "%& 0L(.$0L>14
 $
BL$ BC40C( "7&H6$ "%0LB > "%A1"%&H$BC+$BC&BC4 6 "7)
"%& 0C>$;7"%& A1B'4 ? ;%BC-#A1"
 
>14#%80 "7
9 5 5?>BL6(*;%51:!" 0L(.$0C>14

BL$ BL410C(."@BC)
$ -.(.4!D",0 1
! BL( "@$BC+1$BC&BL4 6 " "
$BC& 6 $(%80 "7
9 5 AB(*K=>D"%-*AD"%A1B B%:D>1)," (*6 BL$ "780 "%
9 5
3  " +D"7$6 (*$ A1B 3!

f0=constante

0
x x1

x*

f=0

) (*K=>1$ "
/ /  

BL(*6 5
!&'M & C "%=  K $5-.BC),"
E0/ 8
F

G
5=41&(.A1BL$BC) 5=&
3
#

AD"

5=$),"
3
#

#
E
0C5%& 
5

&(.4 =F  : :<>1B ?B + 5=&&C? ;%BC- 1+ "%$ "  >1"%-<>1BL$



O
;%"7-.5=$ A1B  K#"%$" BL410C5%4<6$ "%$ 5 +D"7&&5 :!$BL&5=- ;=BL),5=& 5 &>1+1$51-.BL) "
E/
F 0C%
5 )
#

O
 
    

            

  9

 
 EE3  5



F
 
&&(.) :
O

  
 9
I :
# 5 # 8 5 # 5
 0L5=& 0C5=&
: EE3
 : E43 E43
F 0L5=& F
 F
&(.4
 
G G
O O

&(.4  O
9

5 &>1+1$51-*BC),"%<>D"7A1$D7?" 6(.0L5
E/  F 6 BL) "

5%$),"

>@?A> @> BDC
 . .  . .
7 8 8
   
  E
 8 

F HG > 8  C 
0L5=& 0L5=& F  &(.4  9  9 

;  0C5%6  


O

BL&5=- ;=BC4A15,BL&6B &>1+1$51-.BL) " :156BC) 5=&


#
&(*4  5
E0/ 8 


 F
O &(*4  0C5=&

 >B+$5 A1>I5J415 ;=5 + 5=4 6 5

3
#
. #
0C5=&  . &(.4 


0C5=&%F


O &(.4  E 8


BI&(.4 
O
 M
:6 BL),5=&

 .   
 
# # 5 # 5
3  3 9  E 9 3  3 9 E 9
 &(.4 F  &(.4 F
O O

B " $"$%9"%5  3
#
. #
 3   8
 3
#
 3    9


O

&&(.) :%BL&6 B +1"%&&5I"%+1$5 @ (.),"  & B A1" &5=-*>#%80 "7
9 5 0C5=) >1)," 6 "<@1" AB 0C5=4 ;%BC$K BC410L( " <
 >D"%A1$17 ?" 6 (*02"
$
K 5=$ C?B ) :
:
G
E43
#
. #

F &(*4

 
0C5%&  
0C5=&  :
G
EE3
#

F B
: E43
#
. #

F
O
&(*4

 E43
#

F
M
5
O

"%)  5=& 5=& ;7"%-.5%$BC&L:1AD"



>14#780 "%
O
9 5 5?>BL6(*;%5 B A1" $BC&6$( %80 "%
O
9 51:1"%>1) BC4 6 "%$"%) 45 + 5=4 6 5
3
#
. #

:
 >B&BC$1?" $B > BC( 6 "%A5 + BC-*5 "%-.K=5%$(*6),5
 
 &6 BB @ BL),+1-*5J),5=& 6 $"%<>1B <
 >D"%- <
 >1BC$ >14#780 "%
9 5 A1BI) L?B $(*65 AD" 5=$),"

 E43
F
:
G
EE3
F
.  8
E : E43
FF
O
 
    

      
 

  /

E E0/ 8 E   E0/ 8 
BC) F 65=),"%),5%& F  F : $B > BC( 6 "%$( " 5 +D"7&&5 F : B%<>D"%-<>1BL$"%-.K=5%$(*6),5:
 O  
D"%&BC"%A15 BL) >14 %80 "%
9 5@AB ) L?B $(*65,ABC&6B 6 (*+51: &5 $B A15 B BC( 6 5 "%$ "765=&C:  >B +5 A1B -*BL;7"%$ "
+D"%&&5=& 0C>1$ 6 5=& BC) +5=4 65=& "%$ 1
 ( 6 $"%$(."%),BL4 6 B +$D5
? @ (.) 5=& "
 &5%-.>#780 "%
9 5 5%? 6 (*) "
1  9 /

M 
:10C5%),5J+ 5=$ B
C?B 0L41(.0C"%& +D"%$"
@ BC) +1-*5
BL; ( 6 "%$ 5@B BL(*65

"%$"76 5%& + 5 A1BL) &BC$ BC410L5=4 6 $ "7AD"%& BL)  : + %?" K

G
5=$$B 780 "%
9 5,AB&BCK=>41AD"J5=$A1BL)

 &6 $"76 L?B K=( "  "76 0 


! A15=K

       /0: 

(*),5=&L:741" &B %80 "%


(
9 5 "%4 6 BL$(.5%$C:+ >B +D"%$" K 7
" $ "%4 6 (*$ " 0L5=4 ;=BC$K C B 40C( " K=-.51"%- 1
A 5 ) L?B 65  A 5
$
A1B@+1$5=K=$ "7) "780 "%
9 5 <>D"7A1$D7?" 6(.0C"&
E
B  >BC410L( "%- K

F :@ ?B 4BC0CBL&&1%?" $(*5 1> & "%$ %" -.K=>) L 0 $( 6 C?B $(.5 A B &$
"%0CBL(*6 " %80 "%
9 5 A15 +D"%&&5
    
0C$(*6 L?B $(*5 >1&"%A15 5%(3>) " >14#780 "%
9 5 A1B ) L?B $( 6 5 & >14 %80 5=
9 BL& A1B ) C?B $(*65 &L"%
9 51: AB
),5 A15 K=BL$ "%- : >) " 0L5=) 1
 (*4D"%80 "7
9 5 -.(*41B2"%$3A1B >1),"') BCA1(*AD"'A1B 576 (.),"%-*(.AD"%AB B >1) " AB (.4 ; ( " 
1(.-*(.AD"%AB

>6$5J0C$(*6 C?B $(*5 +5%&&C? ;=BL- I ?B >1)
 /D-*6$5
M9 N I +V& "W0M" I DI )*&
: ) BC) 5=$( 2"%41A5 " 02"7AD"( 

-*K=5=$( 6 ) 5=&IA1B /D- 6 $5 A1BL/141BC) >) "

6 BC$"%80 "7
9 51: +D"%$BC&I5=$ABC4D"%A5=&C: 5=41AB,"7& 0C5=) +5%41BC4 6 BL&I$BC+$BC&BC4 6 "7) " >4#%80 "%
9 5 5?>B 6 ( ;=5 BJ"
  
(.4 ; ( "$1(*-.(*AD"%A1B & +5%4<65=& 0L>+>5=& ;7"%-.5%$BC& AD" >14#780 "%
9 5 5?>BL6(*;%5 B AD"@(.4 ; ( "$(.-.(*AD"%A1B 5=$BC)
) "%(*5=$BL& <
 >1B 5%& A15=& +D"7$BC& 5%$A1BL4D"%A15=& ),BL),5=$(C"%A15=&L: 5=> &B > ": <>1B L& "%
9 5 A15=) (.41"%A15=&  + 5%$
 G
BC&&BC& +1"%$BL& 5=$A1BC41"%A15=&L: "CBC) +1"%$6BAD" $BLK=( "%
9 5 +1$5=(1(*AD" "%AD" *( 6 BL$ "780 "%
9 5 K=BC$" 1> )


+5=4 65@4!"%
9 5
5=$),"%)
+ BC$ 6 BC40CBC4 6B
5@/D- 6 $5

"@$BCK=( "%
& "%-.K%5=$( 6 )
9 5 +$5=( 1
5=& A1B'/D- 6 $5
 (.AD"

B "76>D"%-.( 2","@-.(.& 6 " A1B +D"%$BC& 5=$A1BC41"%A15=&L:F<>1B
5=$ "%) +1$5=+ 5=&65=& + 5=$ -*BL60 !1BC$ B  B BL$ 
) 3 

B &L"%
9 5 D"7&B2"7A15=&
$
BL) +1$5=K%$ "%),"%80 "7
9 5D<>D"7A1$D7?" 6(.0C" 
&B >1BC410L( "%- K
E 
F :3>& "%41 %$
A 5 50L5=410LBC(*65
0
A1B'A15%),(*4
$
+1$5 ;7" AB0L5=4 ;=BC$K BC40C( " K=-.5 D"%- A1B )
"%41(*02" 0C5%),5,0C$( 6 L?B $(.5 +D"%$","70CBC( 6 "780 "%
9 5
L?B 6 5 A15=&
A5
A1B
+ 5=4 6 5
/D- 6 $5

5$6 (*A15
5=( "%+1$BL&BL4<6 "%AD"
" 02"%A1",(*6BC$"%80 "%
9 5
+ 5=$
) -*BL6 0 
! BC$C:
),"

3 BL$C: 1 5%(.4 6 B"% 0 6 BC$  


$
" 
5=>-.A!:  B

!
9 8 
5=$ 5=> 6 $5 - "7A151: "7$62? 41B IB (.-*5%66 " +1$5=+ 5=
9 BC) >) "%-.K=5%$(*6),5"D"%&B2"%A15 BC)
&$
K  K
 
K 0C5=) $BL&6 "%>1$ " %80 "%
9 5,(.41B 1
@ " 6 " ? >1&"%AD" >1) " >14#780 "%
9 5 AB') C?B $( 6 5J+D"%$" "2;7"%-.(."%$C:1",02"7AD"
G
(*6 BL$ "780 "%
9 51:!&BJ5 +5=4 65 5$6 (*A15 J ?B "%0CBL(*65 5=> 4!"%
9 5 "%AD" (*6BC$ " %80 "%
9 5 ?B A1BL0C5=) + 5=&6 " BL) A1>1"%&

"%&BL&  " +1$(*),BL(.$ " : A(*6 "

"%&B A1B $BC& 6 "%>$ "780 "%
9 51: +$5 0C>1$" $BCA1>C(.$ " (.4 ; ( "1(.-*(.AD"%AB%: B "
&BCK%>141AD"J+1$5 0C>$ "J),BL-!15=$"%$ " 5%6(.),"%-.(*AD"%A1B
"
5%42"%K=":
) "%$ "%& B
( "%4 6( 
8 /
+1$5%+!5=
9 BC) >1) "%-*K=5=$( 6 ) 5,ABJ/1-*6 $5
E " ) ( F +D"%$"
+1$5=K%$ "%),"%80 "7
9 5 4 "%
9 5-*(.41BC"%$IA1B $BC&6 "%>1$"%80 "%
9 5 (.41B 
@ "76 ": 415&BC4 6 (*A15AB

"%$ 6 ? 41B BK (.-*5%66 ":
 
    

      
 

  

 G
 >B >1& " /D-*6$5 BL) ;=B'A1B >1)," >14 %80 "%
9 5@AB') C?B $( 6 5 "7AD" (*6BC$"%80 "%
9 5 ?B 0L5=),+ 5=& 6 ",AB >1),"
  
"%&B A1B $BC& 6 "%>1$"%80 "7
9 5 B>1)," "%&B A1B5%6(.),"%-.(*AD"%A1B  &&"%&@A1>1"%& "%&BC&,&C"%
9 5 6 5%6 "%-.) BC4 6 B
(.41A1BL+BL41A1BL4<6BC&L: BI5

>1? 41(*0C5 "%0C5%+1- "%) BC4 65 BC4 6 $B BL- "%& I ?B BC& 6 "$ BC-*BC0L(.A15J+ BC-.5 /D- 6 $5
) 3
/D-*6$5
" ) ( &&(.)
4!"%
: "%50C5=4 6 $1%?" $(*5 A5 ) L?B 65 A15A1B /D-*6$5IA1B
9 5(! ?" 4BC4!<>1)," A1BC+ BC41A BC410L( "IBC4 6 $B "%&
$ 
-.B 6 0 1
! BL$ B  B

"%&BL& A1B ; ( "$(.-.(*AD"%A1B3B 5%6(.),"%-.(*AD"%A1B7:


BC$C: 415 ) ?B 6 5 A15 AB


 >B + 5 A1BC) &BC$ 1"%&BC"%AD"%& BC)  >1"%-<>1BL$ "%-.K=5%$(*6),5 <>1B & "76(.& " 280 " "%-*K=>1),"%&.!1(*+ 5%? 6BC&BL&
 
$ "$L5H7?" ;=BL(.&
+5=4 65=& +1$5=((.A15=&
>1? 41(.0C"
1
0C5=41B 
@ "%
9 5
BL;%BC) 5=& "%(*41AD" 415%6 "7$ <
 >1B 5@)
BL4<6$B "%) D
 "7&,"7& "%&BC& ?B <>1B

?B 6 5 A15 A1B'/D- 6 $5


BC-."%&J4!"%
9 5
" ) (+BL$'?B ) >(*) 6BC) ) K%BC$ "7$
L?B 65 A5
0C5=) ) BC) 5=? $( ": B &BL),+1$B  >B >1) 415 ;=5,+D"%$ I ?B (.4 6 $5 A>C(*A15 415 /D-*6$51: +5 A1BL),5=& BL-.(*),(*4D"%$
6 5 A15=&35=& 5=> 6 $5%& +D"%$BC& A5=),(*4D"%A15%&3+ 5=$3BC& 6 B 415 ;%5 +D"%$C: 0C><>"%& 0L5=),+ 5=41BL4 6 BC& $BC+$BC&BC4 6 "7)
5J;7"%-*5=$ AD"

>14#780 "%
9 5J5?>B 6 (*;%5,BI5 ;7"%-.5%$ AD"J),BLA1(.AD" AB(*4 ; (."$1(*-.(.A1"%A1B 45 S
+ 5=4 6 5 0C5%$$BL4 6 B
G 3   E3
4

 >B ?B >) "


5=41&(.A1BL$ "%)
+BL4D"%-.(*AD"%A1BB 
5=& >)
@ "76 "@"%+1-*(.0C"%AD"
" ),BLA1(.AD" A1B'(*4 ; (."$1(*-.(.A1"%A1B AD"%& $BL&6 $(780 5=

"%& $BC& 6 $( %80 5=
9 BL&
9 BC&
0 & "7$BC) 5=& " ) BCA1(*AD" AB'(.4 ; ( "1(
F :

-.(.A1"%A1B AD"7AD" +5=$
E43  : EE3  5
E0/ 8
F F F
  O
5=41A1B  A1BL415%6 " >1)," 415=$) "J"%$ 1
 (*6$D% ?" $( "

 )     )   +,. 
$
5"%-.K%5=$( 6 ) 5 A1B /D-*6$5
*)
" ( : 02"%A1"(*6BC$"%80 "%
9 5 ?B 0C5=4&6 ( 6 >!? AD"
 A1B >1),"

"%&B AB
; (."$1(*-.(.A1"%A1B BI>1)," A1BI5%6(.),"%-.(*AD"%A1B
$
>1)," AD"%A1" (*6 BL$ "780 "%
9 51: 5 /D- 6 $5 "%$),"$CBL4D" >1) +D"%$ 5=$A1BC41"%A15 6 BL),+ 5=$D7?" $(.5

5=$ 

) "%A5 +BL-.5 ;7"%-.5%$ AD" >14#780 "%
9 5J5?>B 6 (*;%5JB +BL- " ) BCA1(*AD" A1B (.4 ; ( "1(.-*(.AD"%AB A15 + 5=4 6 5J5 6 (.A5
4D" (*6 BL$ "780 "%
9 5 "%4 6 BL$(.5%$
$ 
" "%&B A1B@; ( "$1(*-.(*AD"%A1B7:'?B 56(.A15 + C >1)
B -*5 /D-*6$51: 0L>+>" +5%4<651:H4!"%
9 5 +1$5=(1(*A15
HG
),BLA1(.AD"A1B (.4 ; ( "1(.-*(.AD"%AB ?B ),BL415=$ <>1BI" 1
A 5 +5%4<65 AD"'( 6 BC$"%80 "7
9 5 %
" 4 6 BL$(.5%$ "%&5J5 +5%4<65

0C5=$$BC4 6B&B > " ; ( 7?" ;%BC- :DBL&&" "%&B  ?B ABC&4BC0CBL&&1%?" $(."
  
&BCK=>1(*$?B BL(*6 "" "%&B A1B 5%6 (*) "%-*(.AD"7A1B%: BL) <>1B ?B 56 (*A155%>6 $5+ 5=4 6 51: 4 "%
9 5

+1$5=( 1
 (.A5 +BL-.5 /D-*6$51:<415 <
 >D"%-D5I;7"%-.5=$ A1" >14 %80 "%
9 5 5?>BL6(*;%5 ?B ) BC415=$2<>1B 5;7"%-*5=$ A15+5%4<65
 
56 (*A15 41" "%&B A1B; ( "1(.-*(.AD"%AB  &&B415 ;=5 + 5=4 6 5 A1B ;=B &BC$@5 6 (.A5 A1B 5%$),"" 4 "%
9 5
  
+BL$A1BL$ A1BC),"%(*& ",; ( "$(.-.(*AD"%A1B "%A<>1(*$(*AD",4D" "7&BJ"%4 6 BL$(*5=$ + 5=4 6 5 56(.A15 4D" "%&B AB
5%6 (*) "%-*(.AD"7A1B I ?B 5J+ 5=4 6 5 " &BC$ >1&"%A15 4D" +1$D5? @ (*) " ( 6 BC$"%80 "7
9 5
  
B 5 ;7"%-*5=$ AD" >14#%80 "7
9 5 5?>BL6(*;%5 415 415 ;=5 + 5=4 6 5 5=$,) "%(*5=$ 5=> (.K%>D"%-  >B 415
+5=4 65@0C5=$$BL4<6B%:!5 +D"%$ 5%$A1BL4D"%A15@6BC) +5=$1%?" $(*5,+$BC&BC4 6 B 45 /D-*6$5 6 5=$4D"  & B'+ BC$) "%4BC4 6 B
02"%&5,0L5=4 6 $D7?" $(.5: ?B BC-*(.) (.4D"%A5 A15 /D-*6$5
 
    

       
 

 

 
"%-.K=5%$(*6),5 + 7?" $ " 0L5=) &>10LBC&&5 <>D"741A15  ?B 5$6 (*A15 >1) + 5=4 6 5 ; ( ?" ;=BC- B BL&6 "
$ 
0C(.5%4 %?" $(*5 5@02"7&5 BC) <>1B%: 41" "%&B'A1B ; ( "$1(*-.(*AD"%A1B7:D4!"%
9 5 &B'0C5=41&BCK=>B 56 BL$ >1) +5%4<65
) "%(*& ; ( 7?" ;%BC- <

 >1B5JAD" (*6 BL$ "780 "%
9 5 "%4 6 BL$(.5%$C:15
+1$BC&BC4 6 "%) 5=& 5 "%-.K=5%$(*6),5 AB /D- 6 $5
*)
"%-*K=5=$( 6 )
" ( 5'+ 7?" $ " 0C5=)
A1B

5%$)," 0C5%),+D"70L6 " : &BC)
(.41&>10CBL&&5
 >1"%-<>1BL$
BC&+ BC0L(*/D0C"%80 "7
9 5'A15=& "%-*K=5=$( 6 ) 5=&#(*4 6 BC$415=&3>1& "7A15=&3415=&3+D"%&&5=&3A1B ; (."$1(.-*(.AD"7A1B B 5%6 (*) "7-.(.A1"%A1B
E 8 / 
+D"%$" A1BL6 "%-!1BL&C:1;%BC$ F

 )    S R N+"M I]C S " )+9 # C M" S


5
( &*)+"%=  3!   N EM 8 A
: : : F
M O O
<  O *R
5 # # 5 #
E :9G 9 F  N EE3 E 8  N E43E A : EE3
F F F 5 F F G
5 "EG= C M O6G& " $>"E + 6 E C
"  #  #  E :
9 G 9 F A S 5
( 9# 0 E & " $>"E 6+E C "  # O #  3   : G 4E 3 F
 :
9G E43 9 A
'    J   O   F 

B
B S
# $# #
=%9 EE3 M 97E C +V& "  &XU$D&
F
$&'O #$768#9:
3
B

# $# #
=%97EK+V& " C'& D6LO 9 E E 8  N  # E43 A
: F 
 F F
%= 9 I SWL"%=>=   ?'97 97E C +V& " WG&'M9 $>"S I EG7= 6L$>9>=>=%" A
'   )   :   
B
=%9
#
9  >9 = C &+$ I " E&' M I " 97E C +V& " WG&'M>9 $>"S $ =76# $>9>=>=%" S S B B
=%97EK+V& " $&'#$76+#9 3
#"!

:  # &' D6L9
C 3
#
" !
 EI E

#
9 : EE3
#"!
F  : E
#
A
   FF F
G G
) * &% :  )  
#"! #
=%9  F 97E C +V& "

: EE3 : E43
G G F :
 #'!  # #"! #  I]C 97M &XU$0+V& " :
 :  G)(
=%97EK+V& " O O
 #'!
:

  #
:
#"!

 #  I]C 97M &XU$0+V& "  (
+* 8 A O O
O

, )  

)
8
) A5=& $BC&>1-*6 "%A15=& (*4 C?B A1( 6 5=&@"%+1$BL&BL4<6 "%A15 +5=$ "%$"%&% : BC) &>D" 6 BC&BAB
21
A15=>65=$ "%A51: ' ?B "J+1$5 ;7",AB'0C5%4<;%BC$K.BC- 410L( " K%-.5D"7-!A15@"7-.K=5=$(*6),5 AB /D- 6 $50/ : <
 >1B'(*41A1B43

+BL41A1BA15=& "%-.K=5%$(*6),5%& (.4 6 BL$415%& >1&"%A15=& BC) 0C"%AD"J(*6 BL$ "780 "%
9 51:DA1BL&A1B  >B BL&&BL& "%-*K=5=$( 6 ) 5=&
& "76(.&)5 " 280 "%)
7
&&(.)
0CBC$ 6 "%& 1
! (*+ 5%
? 6BC&BL& &51$B&>D"JBL/D0L(6BC- 40C( "
0C5%),5 5') ?B 6 5 A156K %$ 
0C5=)85 >14#780 "%
9 5 A1B ) C?B $(*6 5: 5') ?B 6 5 A15 A1B /1-*6 $59/
)
1

+5 A1B &5:5 $BC$ A15 B;5 BL(*65=<"%$ " 6 5=&L: >1"%41A15,"%+1-*(.02"7A15J"%5JB @ BC) +1-*5 AB"K 5?> BL-.-
 
    

       
 

  S

7
6 >D"7-.)
)
BC4 6 B7:BC& 6 >1A1" 3 &BI" (.410L5=$+ 5=$ " %80 "%
9 5 A1B D
+ "%&&5=& 
3G
A B &BCK%>141AD" = 5 $A1BC) % " 5 "%-*K=5:3

)
21
$(*6),5A1B /1-*6 $5 / +D"7$ "'B ; ( 6 "%$ 5 ; B 5 BL(*65 <"%$"76 5%& 5=) (.& 6 51: "%0L$BCA(*6 " 3&B &BL$ + 5%&&C? ;=BL-
21
"%4D"%-*(.& "7$ "7& +1$5=+1$(*BCAD"7A1BC& AB 0C5=4 ;%BC$KBC- 410L( " -.5 02"7- A5 "%-.K%5=$( 6 ) 5AB /D-*6$5 / 0L5=) +D"%& 3

&5=& A1BI&BLK=>141A1",5=$A1BC)
  

BL&6 B 6$ "$D"7-!15 $BC>14(.) 5=& 5=& $BC&>1-*6 "%A15=&L:+>1?" +1$5 ;7"%A15%&C:1&51$B 0L5=4 ;=BL$KBL- 410C(." A15%&
) ?B 6 5 A15=& 0C- 7?" &&(*0C5=&,A1B +1$5=K=$"%) " %80 "%
9 54!"%
9 5 -*(.41BC"%$J+D"%$ "5=& +1$51-*BC),"%& (*$$BL&6$(*65B0C5=)
$BC& 6 $(%80 5%
9 BC& A1BI(.K=>1"%-.AD"7A1B
K#"%$" "74D"%-.(*& "%$ "
),BL4<6B%:DBL&6 >AD"%$ ;=BL-.5 0C(.A1"%A1B A1BI0L5=4 ;=BC$KBC- 40C( "
0L5=4 ;=BL$KBL- 410C(."

-.5 02"7-#A15=&"%-*K=5=$(*6 ) 5=&
&6>1AD"%) 5=& 6$ BC- & A1( 5 C
5 5=( 41BL0CBC&&D%?" $(.51: +1$(.)
B $BC4 6 BL& ABL/D41( %80 5=
9 BL& AB
BC(.$" 3

;=BC-*5 0L(.AD"7A1B,AB,0L5=4 ;=BC$KBC- 40C( " BL&6 "$BL-.BL0CBC4A151: " 6 $ "2; C?B &'AD"%&415=&&"%&'ABC) 5=41&6$ "780 5=
9 BC&L: &>1"%&
1
(.) +1-.(*02"780 5=
9 BC& B B<>1(*;7"%-6BC- 410L( "%& %?" $(*5=& B @ BL),+1-*5=&25 5=$"%) BL- "$ 5=$ "7A15=&C: +5=$ 4 5=? &C: +D"7$ " BL; ( 3

A1BC410L( "%$L<>D"741A15,"%& B<>1(*;7"%-6BC- 410L( "%& BL4 6 $B % " & A1B D
/ 41( %80 5=
9 BL& 4!"7
9 5 L
& "%
9 5J; 7?" -.(.A1"%&
5 BL&6>1A15 A15') ?B 6 5 A15'A1B
G
"%>10 ! =:D) = 5 & 6 $ "7, ) 5=&H>1) $ BC&>-*6 "7A15 <  >1B 4!"7
9 5 "%+D"7$BC0LB
4D",-*(*6 BL$ "76>1$ " :D"%+ BC& "7$ A1BL&6 B &BL$ >1) A15%& ) L?B 6 5 A15=& ),"%(.& "%4 6(.K=5=& +D"%$" 576 (.) (C"%80 "7
9 5 (*$$BC& 3

6 $ ( 6 " $BL&>1- 6 "%A5?B &51$B " 0C5%4<;%BC$K.BC- 410L( " -*5 0C"%-<AD" &B<> BC- 410L( " K=BL$ "%A1" + BC-.5 "%-.K%5=$( 6 ) 5 AB
G
"%>10 
! 0C5=) 1>&02" -.(.4B2"%$!B 
@ "76 ":<>D"%41A15 "%+1-*(.02"7A15 " >1),"
 I EQ9&'M

5 >14#%80 "7
9 5 <
 >D"%A$D7 ?" 6(.02" B30C5=4 ;=B 
@ "

"@-.( 6 BL$ "76>1$ "J6 BC) 5=& "@0L5=4 ;=BL$KBL- 410C(." 4D"@415%$)," (.41A>C(*AD" + BC- " !1BC&&( "74D" 4

3

 I EQ9&'M
6 $B 6 "%4 651:<"%+ BC& "7$ AD"%& 415%$),"%& BC) &BL$BC) B<>1(*;7"%-*BC4 6 BL&C:<" ;%BC-.5 0C(*AD"%A1B A1B 0C5=4 ;%BC$KBC- 410L( "

 I EQ9&'M

A1BL+BL41A1BAD" 45=$)," 5=& 6 $"%),5%& 4BC&6B6$ "$1"%-!156<>1BBC&& " &B<> BL- 410C(.",0L5=4 =
< ; BC$K=B
 E
0C5=) ;%BC-.5 0C(*AD"%A1B :<4D" 415%$),"BL>10C-*(.A1(."%4D" "%5 (.4 ;HC?B & AD" 415%$),"(*41A1>L(.AD"I+BL- " !1BC& 3
&( "74D" F : +D"%$ "
 >B
5 >1? 41(*0C5
BL&6D?" $BC- "70C(.5%4D"%AD"@0L5=)
),(*41(.) (C"%A15=$'AD"
5=&"%>65 ;%"7-.5=$BC& AD"
5 >14 %80 "%
9 51: B B
),"76 $( AD"
@ ( (.) 5=& "
<>D"%A1$17 ?" 6

6 "<@1"A1B0L5=4 ;=BC$KBC- 40C( " :
(*02" >D"74<65 ),BL-!15=$
0C5=41A(.0C(*5=4D"%A1" 5 5=$ "),"76 $( AD" 5 >14#%80 "7
9 5 <>D"%A1$17 ?" 6 (*02": ) "%(*&I$D%?" +1(*AD" &BC$1?" "0L5=4 ;=BC$KBC- 40C( "
7

+5=$
(.4AD" 6 BC)
7
5=&2<>1B%: & B 2
$) ( >5 0C5=)
N
" 5 >14#780 "%

9 5 ?B <>D"%A1$17?" 6 (*02": BL4 62"%
9 5 
5 0L5=) +1$(*),BL4<65IA15 +1"%&&5 0C"%-.0L>1- "%A5
:#0L5=(.40C(.AB 0L5=) 5+1"%&&5 AD" >1&0C"B @"76 " &65(.) +1-*(.02"<>1B "

O
& B<> BL- 410C(." K%BC$ "7AD" +BL-.5 "%-*K=5=$( 6 ) 5,AB

G
 I EQ9&'M "7>10 ! 0C5=) 1>1& 0C"
7

$) ( >5 6 "%)  L?B ) 0L5=4 ;=BC$K=(.$1?"
0C5=) ;%BC-*5 0L(.AD"%AB BI0C5%) " ) BC&) "'6 "+@" A1"J&B<> BL- 410C(.",0C5%) 1>1&02",B @"76 "
5 BL&6 >A15 A15 ) ?B 6 5 A15@A1B B;> 6 5%4!: +D"%$"@5 +1$5-.BC)," (*$$BL&6$(*651:; (*),5=& <
 >1B 5

"%-.K=5%$(*6),5   +1>1$5 R?B ) >1(*65 BL/D0L(.BL4<6B%: +5=&&>1( 0L5=4 ;=BL$KBL- 410C(." <>D"%A1$17 ?" 6 (*02":H),"%& &5%),BL4<6B
7
 >1"%41A155 + 5=4 6 5 (.4(.0C(."%- BL&6D ?" &> /D0C(*BC4 6 BL),BL4<6B+1$15? @ (.) 5 AD" &5=-.> %80 "%
9 5 0C5=4 ;%BC$KBC- 410L( "
<  
  $

K=-.51"%-A15) L?B 6 5 A15IA1B B4> 6 5=4 ?B K "%$ "74<6(.AD"(<>D"%4A15 (*4 6 $5 A1>L(.) 5=& 415 "%-*K=5=$( 6 ) 5 " 1
 >1&02"
7
>141(.A(.$BL0C(*5=4D"%-A1B $) ( >5
1
BC) 5=41& 6 $ "7),5=&L<>1B 5,) L?B 65 A5 AB $BCK=( "%
9 5JA1B 0L5=4/ "74#280 "  ?B K%-.5D"7-.) BC4 6 B 0L5=4 ;=BC$ 3

K=BC4 6 B7:="%A1"%+6 "741A15 A1>D"%& +1$5 ;7"%& AD"%A1"%& +5=$ 


5 0LBCAD"%- B $(*K! 62: 5=41A1B3(.40C5=$+5=$"%)
7
5=&!0CBL$6 "%&
0C5=$$B 780 5=
9 BC&HB A1B 6 "%- D
! "%) 5=& "%-*K=>1),"%&#+D"7&& "7K=BC41& - C?B ) A(.&&51: (.4A1(.0C"%),5%& >1) $BC&>1-*6 "%A15 <
 >1B

K "%$ "74<6B 0L5=4 ;=BL$KBL- 410C(." -.5 02"%-<>D"7A1$D7?" 6(.0C":<>D"741A15 " $BCK%( "%
9 5 A1B30C5=4/D"%4#280 " 6 5=$4D" 3 &B (*4D"76(*;7"

),5=& 6 $"%),5%& <


K#"%$"

 >1B 5 )
5 +1$5$1-.BL) " A1B +1$5%K=$ "%),"780 "%
L?B 6 5 A15A1B +$5=K=$"%),"%80 "%
9 54!"7
9 5 -.(.4B2"%$0C5=)
$BL&6$(780 5=
9 5 <>D"%A1$17?" 6 (*02"&B<>1BL410C(."%- K
E
9 BC& 

A B (.K=>D"7-.AD"%AB%:
F +>1$5 0C5=4 3
  
;=BC$K=B<>D"%A$ "76(.02"7),BL4<6B,+1"%$ "
),BL4<6B +$D5? @ (.) 5 AD" &5=-.>#780 "%
9 5
" &5=-*>#%80 "7
9 51:#A1BL&A1B. >B@5
5 BC4 6 "%4 651:=+D"%$" K=-*5D"%-*(C"%$!5 ) L?B 65 A5MK

+ 5=4 6 5(*41(.0L( "%- BL&6B > "&>/D0C(*BC4 6 B3

: (.4 6 $5 A1>C(.) 5=&
"%5 &>1+1$51-*BC)," " $BL&6 $(780 "%
9 5 AB $BLK=( "7
9 5 AB 0L5=4/ "%4 280 " B3>1&"%),5%& " 6 L?B 0C41(*02" A1B  $A B

) 5:3
>5<>1) : <
 >1B ABC0C5%),+!5%
9 B'5 +1"%&&5@BC) A1>D"7& 0C5%),+ 5=41BL4<6BC&  45=$),"%- B 6 "%41K=BL410C(."%-
 
K 5=$ L?B ) :
&BJ>1)," 0L5=$$B 780 "%
9 5 AB,&BCK=>14AD" 5=$A1BC) 4!"%
9 55 5=$"%+1-*(.02"7AD":!5 "%-.K%5=$( 6 ) 5K 0L5=) $BLK=( "7
9 5
&'M & C %" =
A1B 0C5=4 / "%4#C80 " + 5 A1B &5 5 $ BC$ A15 B45 BC(*65 : " CBC4A15
5  0C5=)  >B 5 "7-.K=5=$(*6),5 6 BC4!D"
+1$5=+$(.BLAD"%A1BL& 1
A BI0C5=4 ;=BL$KBL- 410C(.",-*5 C
0 "%- $>1(.41&
G
5=) 5 BC&6>1A15 A15@) L?B 65 A@ 5 A1B'/D- 6 $51: K=-*5D"%-*),BL4 6 B0C5=4 ;=BL$K=BL4 6 B%: +1$5=+ 5=&65@+5%$


1
/I5=42"%K " : I"%$ "7& B "%4 6 ( : BC40CBC$$ "%) 5=&,"A1(*&0L>1&&L"%
9 5 A15%& ) L?B 6 5 A15=&J+D"7$ "+$5=K=$"%),"%80 "%
9 5
7 
4!"%
9 5 -.(*41B2"7$ &&(*) 0L5=),5 5J) L?B 65 A15%K 0C5=) $BLK=( "%
9 5 AB 0C5=4/D"%4#280 " :16 "%)  C?B ) 5 ) L?B 65 A5
!&'M& C %" =
A1B'/D- 6 $ 5 +5 A1B'&5 5 $BL$ A15 4
B 5 BC(*65 : &B 1
! > )," C
0 5=$$B %80 "%
9 5 1
A B'&BCK%>141AD" =
5 $A1BC) 4!"%
9 5 5 5=$
A
(.) +1-.BL),BL4<6 "%AD" >1K=BL$B3&B7: BL4<6C"%
9 51:",(*410C5=$+5%$ "780 "%
9 5,AB'0C5%$$B %80 5=
9 BL& A1B&BLK=>141AD"@5%$A1BL) "75
!&'M& C %" =
"%-.K=5%$(*6),5 1
A B /D-*6$51:H+D"7$ " BC-*(.) (.4D"%$ 5 ;
B 5 BC( 6 5 : 5 <>D"%- 5 C
0 5%$$B <>D"%4A155 "%-*K=5:3
7
$(*6),5 $B > BL(*6 "I+1"%&&5=& )'>1(*65(5=4&C:<5 0C"%&(*5=4D"%4A15I4 >) " 0C5%4<;%BC$K.BC- 410L( "-.5 02"%- -.BC4 6 " &&(*) :
"%0C$BCA1( 6 " 3 & B'&BC$

+5=&&2? ;=BC- BC& 6 >1AD"7$ "%& +$5=+1$(.BLAD"%A1BL& A1B 0L5=4 ;=BC$KBC- 40C( "@-*5 0C"%- A15 "%-*K=5=$(*6 ) 5
A1B /D-*6$5 0C5%) 0C5=$$B %80 "%
9 5 A1BI&BLK=>141AD" 5=$ABC)
      

      !"#$%!&'$(#*+ ) !$-,.0./ ,  1 32  54 


6' #$7 + #'8.# *9;: 48< $ =9>: < ?5$'7 -7@A B?5$7$  #1@$($
3 3

: :

C'D #*+.) E  F'B#@7@G$ : 4 2IH JC'&K 9>: 4 < 2LH'M


5
:

0  ON P  9 &'S  9;: < 2 K 9;: <  9>: < 2  9;: : 4 < "E0)+9 K  Q  97E C +V& "
* 
: :
R A : 4 9 S I E I S I &*)+"M #"%$&' )+9 K =%9 9 =%"S 97E C 9=%9 : 4 9 S I E I S I &*)+"M #"%$&' )+9  ;
   
: :
" +A : 4 9 S I E I S I &*)+"M #"%$&' )+9  =%9 9 =%"S 97E C 9 =%9 H 9 S I E I S I &*)+"M #"%$&' )+9 A
   
: :
S  M

T MVU  : 4 J/ 7@#'@7@G0.$ W1@ + 1X$!KY #Z E 7\[@] %,C@G#^(#Y+ )  $ : 4 '8.1_ 

K 9;: 4 <  K 9;: < ?(3$' :a` 7M b 7  


 7

 9;: 4 < 2 K 9>: 4 <  K 9;: < 2  9>: < dc  9;: 4 <   9;: < ec  9>: 4 <   9;: <\f
* * * *

?(" C$ : ?5]  # +  #-g",C@G @#^#*+ )  $ : 4 M ]8#Z : 4 h/ 7@#G0$'




1@ + 1X$  M K

J' i1@$j : 4 k/ 7@#'@7@G0.$ -1@ + 1l$  _#Z E bm[@kn,CG@#'^(#*+ ) 


K
 $ : 4 '81o  9;: 4 <   9>: < ?(. & C$ :p` 3M @
 7

 9;: 4 < 2 K 9;: 4 <   K 9>: <  2  9>: < c K 9;: 4 <   K 9>: <  qc K 9;: 4 <  K 9>: <
?(" C$ : ?5]  # +  #-g",C@G @#^#*+ )  $ : 4 M ]8#Z : 4 h/ 7@#G0$'


1@ + 1X$DK M K

r MVU  : 4 D/ 7@#'@7@G0.$ h1 + 1_$  (#Z E \[@] Dk,C@G @#^(.#*+ )  (s tA2 u:  :   

: 4  wv x j8.1Y  9;: 4 <   9;: < j?(. $ :d` s tMU zy 2     {v x 

  

  T HH
  y' 32 :  : 4 $('/ 
9 H < 2  9>: 4 <   9>: < 2  9  : 4 < 2 9  < c 9 H <  9  <\f
*

?(k$'  ` M ]8#Z ' H J/ 7@#G0$' 1 + 1j$' M




D 'p1@$l H / 7@#G0$ 1@ + 1W$ =#Z .E \[@] 'b,CG@#'^(#*+ ) 


 2     v x  1_ 9 H <  9  < '?( &$  ` M
 

U zy s th2 u:  : O: 4  v\x  @i


 


 9>: 4 < 2 9 H <  9  < 2 9;: d: 4 < 2  9;: : 4 : 4 < 2  9>: < c  9;: 4 <   9;: <mf
*

?(k$' :a` s t M ]8#Z ' : 4 J/ 7@#G0$ 1 + 1j$  M





A    L        

T .M UXM G0.  ' M&M U ^1@ ..#$ M M.U ^\  M "!$#&%(')%*$+&%,#&-- .+0/)1 2!3%54
<
#&768#&9+.%5 1 2.-;:\M(< ^'#>= 1@  #$ U #'  @?  TBACACD M
 <

> 

r &M lM    ME "!$#&%F')%*$+&%,#&-- .+M ^#( U + #Z HG +  1 #Z .  7

+ ^C'    TIA&A0J M


   < 3

D <'MCKhM ### <'M  M @16X 0& MCL  C/ + ^(.1  .#$M M MZU  @Go./ 6(1 MONP-Q!5%RTS$#&
UWV 1X -HYI#&1ZT(M U ?@#  1@ 1@#_V @$ 1@65 r H H D M
7
 /
1
3 
\[ ] M   + ^'  L M '7 #$_ M_^  b #'$ M U ,. M`K 1@1 + #Z,# + D  ^'
  ?5] $  +  #Z 7  ^'$ ^i#\[' + "1@@#'J0. + ^  M UWV 1Z -HYI#&1XT  DZr  TID0aIb5T [0c 
7
   5

TIACA0J M >

J] ML M '$ #p#$ <'M&MK   MdONP-Q!5%RTS$#&e#&7#&4I:5f:\M  + gG + u, . U  TIACA0a M
 /
, 7

9c ] M  M  $ M ] 6]V]"@ #i\ ^C$ + # #$b ?' G0.@ # M`h ^@$
UP^ h # # + D#ji ?'@7@G.  #_ TIACk0a M
7
<

5
5

a M ] M h ##_ MI^8M M 1$_ #$ YML MBh @#Z M l%RN0:517mn!T+&T;op!51 2q6:\M UlrUP^
U @- #ji ?' G0.@ #j ^1 $'1@?'^ ' r H HH'M
7  7
< / < <

k] MK 1@\ + ^  M 1@$_ UXML      lMh #Z0 .#$ M =  + ^Z M 1 6(1 + #Z,    # + 
    #d#'$ U  G(1  D1   ^7 ! #' .1 ##1@#0?  7@#' M
7
/ /

5
sPt$u owv_x UWV 1Z -HYI#&1XT  TBD 9 D <  c D0JIb c JA  r H H r M
3 3 5

A] M0K 1@  + ^ #'$ U5MyL     M #1@#=?  7@#' ^ ' J?5#(.1  '# + @ # M
oz#&1 2!5-M#&1XTS$#&"')%*$+&%,#&-- .+M{ s !5%x uJ A'T 9 r <  r&DCAb'r c A  r H H r M > 5

T H  M7K @ $1 .#$ M}|)f!5-Q!51~I:6.!')%*$+&%,#&-M#C€S7#. ‚#. {TƒW "!$#&%mM  $  7$( # + 7?_
 ?'@#(  U  @1  TIACA [ M
7 ,

THT
         THr
T T  M  M #G0.Z Mlh  + = #& ^' + #Z,    # + "  ^'n  + ^  1  ^' MvNP%R7#&
 UWV 1X -HYI#&1ZT 2!3%R4 #&76 u V0V TS$#&1ZT_:  T H a 9 D <  JA'T5b c HH  r H H H'M
/ > 5 5

T r  M  M #GZ M  + d$i?  X+) .E # E O1@# M 87$b1@' K 1@


 .#-/ ?5 1@ U g .@1  r HH [ M
,
/ 3

TID  M  M #GZ' AM = M .  Z#$ M #Z  M 1@ 6(.1@1  + #Z,#Z(G(1*7 ^C$
A# #1@# ?  7@#' M sPt,u o v_x UWV 1X -HYI#&1ZT  T [ 9 D <  c&[Cc b cCc A  r H H D M
1 7
/ <

T [  -M = M  . M | P!5- V fI: 6.!Q1X%,# B!5"1 ! %RZ# S3!51Z%$#& -M#& S3- V %51T#060# !5- 1Z -HYI#C€S7#. 
5

S3$ #&! y# ! N.- #&9+.%R 1Z-Q 6.&! %(1X%*I: V #&%,# V %3$+&%,#&-M#C€S7#. j #. ‚ "!$#&%mM ^  ^@ 
, # , $($ K $ 1o$' U #Z8  .8@#( K 1 @#-/ ?5 1@ U g 1  r H H r M 

TJ M  @1=#$ M M ]  M h#, # +   ^7 ?X &$' + #Z&7 ^C$
#@7@G @#VC + #Z,\[ # + @ #' MvN.%57#& ( ' UWV 1Z -HYI#&1XT)  2!3%R4#&76 udV0V  {
> / < 5 5

S$#&1XT_:  k&A  rrT5b'r r c  TIA&A c M 5

T c  UXM7<'ML  # M u ! 9+.+! *q%,#MƒW "!$#&%q/S3- # V TS$#C€S70 !3:\M`LPh g ] @k$ < #'@ TIA&ACA M
Ta -ML ML @ &M ,`NP%*:IQ6.! u - #&! f:I.! #&Hx R M ^  ] @3$ < #'@ TIA&k'T M 7

TIk -ML ML @ &M ,`NP%*:IQ6.! u - #&! f:I.! #&Hx /ZM ^  ] @3$ < #'@ TIA&k'T M
<

7
<

TIA &M MnL  #6X   M ƒW "!$#&%z#&76  "!$#&% ')%*$+&%$#&-- .+M $$ # =O1@ 
'61@^# h ?#    ?  TIACk c M
7
/ 3

> 

r H  M  .  M | y#.S51O'n!57#&1X14 0 N."S51XT u 9+.%R 1 2.-;2: 'B3% 0   1 3! 4F -Q!5_:5T7#&)#&76


,)1X%* UWV 1X -HYI#&1ZT ')%*5 *qf!5-;:\M ^  ^@  ^ 7?5@1eh 11@   U + # +  h  + ^#'
<

1@    #',    L #$#_ TIA0a&k M


,
3

rT <'M M 06/ # Gh#'$ AM M @1  MC^ #m[ + =] .  #%.1@ ^ + #] @# $
5

?' G0.@ # MvN.%57#& ( ' UWV 1Z -HYI#&1ZT7  2!3%R4 #&76 u V0V TS$#&1ZT_:  T H [  TID0JIb5T c D 
7
< < 5

r H H H'M
r r <'M M 06/ # G #$ U5M MU #Z  M  /  C$  + 7?'8 + @#(@ $ . @7@GX+) .E M r H'9M 8
h 1u/  .@1k$ . ./   +  ^  TIA&A0J M
7
< < <
7
 < 3 <

r&D <'M + $1 #$ UXM7<'M =O ^Z MdONP-Q!5%RTS$#& UWV 1Z -HYI#&1ZT(MWU ?@#  U @ "#>i ?X
.@ # ] 0 + ^ MXU ?@#  1@ TIACACA M 3
1
3
         THD
r [  - M i 7 y # Ml%RNy:51emn!T+&T u 9+.%5 1 2.-;: 'B% UWV 1X -HYI#&1ZT   1 2  "!$#&% |qN_#&{
 1X4j#&76 t "!qNl#& 1Z4 ,)_:51X%,#& 1 :\M ^   ^   ? M h 7?' U + @ # + . #


,    h1@ $ TBACA'T M


,
5 3

rCJ <'M M iJ]  Zb.#$ = M M ] ^'@#65 1@$ M t 1~!5%,#&1X #&!:IN.1ZT (' " "!$#&% !qNl#&1ZT
<
 j:I! #&!5%$#& ##&%5Z# *qf!3:\M U #  @ M + $  +  TIA0a H'M
/
7

r c  M.L M @#  K M -MU '1@1@ ,.#_#$ < MP<'MP<'M ^1 M2 2! -M#&1 2!5-M#&1XTS3:('}" "!$#&%
7

V %3$+&%,#&-- .+M  ?  M U ?@# 1  TIACkCk M


,

1
>  3

rCa M <'M&M  1@1 M h #Z,# + &??X  - 1@ ^7 A# #'1@@#'0A ? @7@G
<
 @# M sPt$u o mn! #IT!   r&k  [ k0aIb_J H H  TBACk c M
> 5 5 3

r&k UXM UXM ] . M |).+& "!3!5%R .+p V 1X -HYI#&1ZT7/>1 2!3%R4z#&76 V %,#.S51ZTS3! C%,6j| 6& 1ZT(M 
? M = @1  ^ #Z + # +  TIACA c M
>

 3

r&A hJM=U ^( M h ^ + # y . 7 .$@ #!7 ^$ #$  'D@ ##O1@ 3 + 1
?' G0.@ # M sPt,u o v_x  N.-Q!5%x u 7#&Hx  r H  c r c b c D0a  TIACkCD M
Livros Grátis
( http://www.livrosgratis.com.br )

Milhares de Livros para Download:

Baixar livros de Administração


Baixar livros de Agronomia
Baixar livros de Arquitetura
Baixar livros de Artes
Baixar livros de Astronomia
Baixar livros de Biologia Geral
Baixar livros de Ciência da Computação
Baixar livros de Ciência da Informação
Baixar livros de Ciência Política
Baixar livros de Ciências da Saúde
Baixar livros de Comunicação
Baixar livros do Conselho Nacional de Educação - CNE
Baixar livros de Defesa civil
Baixar livros de Direito
Baixar livros de Direitos humanos
Baixar livros de Economia
Baixar livros de Economia Doméstica
Baixar livros de Educação
Baixar livros de Educação - Trânsito
Baixar livros de Educação Física
Baixar livros de Engenharia Aeroespacial
Baixar livros de Farmácia
Baixar livros de Filosofia
Baixar livros de Física
Baixar livros de Geociências
Baixar livros de Geografia
Baixar livros de História
Baixar livros de Línguas
Baixar livros de Literatura
Baixar livros de Literatura de Cordel
Baixar livros de Literatura Infantil
Baixar livros de Matemática
Baixar livros de Medicina
Baixar livros de Medicina Veterinária
Baixar livros de Meio Ambiente
Baixar livros de Meteorologia
Baixar Monografias e TCC
Baixar livros Multidisciplinar
Baixar livros de Música
Baixar livros de Psicologia
Baixar livros de Química
Baixar livros de Saúde Coletiva
Baixar livros de Serviço Social
Baixar livros de Sociologia
Baixar livros de Teologia
Baixar livros de Trabalho
Baixar livros de Turismo

You might also like