7 TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION

Industrial Arts
Electrical Installation and Maintenance Exploratory
Course NC ll
Quarter 2 Module 1
(Week 1)

PRACTICE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH

GOVERNMENT PROPERTY
NOT FOR SALE

TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION

Industrial Arts
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION AND
 MAINTENANCE EXPLORATORY COURSE NC II
Quarter 1- Module 1
(Week 1)

Reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Do not forget to answer PRE- TEST before moving on the lesson.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe Honesty and integrity in doing the tasks.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/ facilitator once you are through with
it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain a deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

MODULE 1
PRACTICE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

Content Standard
The learners demonstrate an understanding of the concepts and underlying principles of
occupational procedures.

Performance Standard
The learners independently simulate occupational health and safety procedures.

Learning Objectives 1.1.1.1

After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to identify hazards and risks in
Electrical Installation and Maintenance.

Introduction
 Welcome to the world of Electrical Installation and Maintenance!

This module is an exploratory course which leads you to Electrical Installation and Maintenance
National Certificate Level ll (NC ll). It covers 5 common competencies that a Grade 7 / Grade 8
Technology and Livelihood (TLE) student like you ought to possess, namely:

1. Practice Occupational Safety and Health

2. Prepare Electrical supplies, materials, and tools
3. Perform mensuration and calculation
4. Interpret technical drawings and plans
5. Maintain tools and equipment

Objectives

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

• Identify the different hazards present in the workplace

2
PRE- ASSESSMENT

A. Let us determine how much you already know about identifying hazards and risks. Take this
test.
Direction: Match Column A with Column B. Write the letter only.

A B
______1. Adverse Health Effect
______2. Hazards
______3. Chemical Hazards
______4. Risks
______5. Physical hazards
______6. Wet floor
______7. Ergonomic Hazard
______8. Psychological Hazard
______9. Unsafe work practices
______10. Biological Hazards
a. is the chance or the probability that a person
will be harmed
b. caused by organism such as viruses, bacteria,
fungi and parasites
c. is the source of potential damage or harm
d. safety hazard
e. vapor or gaseous substance
f. slips, fall
g. hot or cold condition
h. decrease in life span
i. those that are basically causing stress
j. awkward posture arising from work methods

B. Directions: Select the correct answer that corresponds to the statement in each number.
Write the correct answer at the space provided.

PPE Identifying Hazards

Administrative Control Engineering Control
Risk Evaluation
______11. It includes ear and eye protection, respirators, and protective clothing.
______12. Changing a piece of machinery (for example, using proper machine guards) or a
work process to reduce exposure to a hazard.
______13. Working a limited number of hours in a hazardous area
______14. The process where you identify hazards, analyze or evaluate the risk associated
with that hazard, and determine appropriate ways to eliminate or control the
hazard.
______15. Identify the source of the problem.
C. TRUE OR FALSE. Directions: In statements below write TRUE if the statement is correct and
FALSE if the statement is incorrect.
______16. General cleanliness in the workplace is an important method of controlling
hazards.
______17. Good housekeeping reduces the risk of fire and is cost- effective.
______18. Safety signs are method of hazard control
______19. Hygiene (cleanliness) is not so important as a method of controlling hazards.
______20. Before you leave work, wash/ shower and change your clothes when
necessary to prevent bringing workplace contaminants home to your family.

Directions: Read the statement carefully and identify what is being described or defined.
Choose your answer from the words inside the box.
Long Nose Pliers Circuit Breaker Hammer Electrician’s Knife
Conduit Utility Box Portable Electric Drill Philips Screwdriver
Connectors Male Plug Fuse Combination Pliers
Junction Box Stubby Screwdriver Wire Stripper

_____21. This is used for griping, holding, cutting electrical wires and cables and even
small nails. Usually used by linemen in doing heavy tasks.
_____22. Used for cutting and holding fine wires. This can reach tight space or small
opening where other pliers cannot reach and also used in making terminal loops
of copper wires.
_____23. This has a cross tip resembling a positive (+) sign. It is used to drive screws with
cross slot heads.
_____24. This tool is used in driving or pounding and pulling out nails.
_____25. A tool used for removing insulation of medium sized wires ranging from gauge
#10 to gauge #16.
_____26. A small drilling machine with a chuck capacity of ¼‖ to 3/8‖. It is used in making
holes on metal sheets and concrete walls.
_____27. Comes in either Standard or Philips screwdriver with short shank or blade and
shorted handle used to turn screws in tight space where standard screwdriver
cannot be used.
_____28. Used by linemen to remove insulation of wire and cables in low and high voltage
transmission lines.
_____29. It is a device inserted to a convenience outlet to conduct electric current. A flat
cord is attached to it on one end and the other end is connected to a current
consuming instrument or appliance.
_____30. This is a circuit protective device that automatically blows and cut the current
when an overload or short circuit happens.
_____31. This is a rectangular shaped metallic or plastic (PVC) material in which flush
type convenience outlet and switch are attached.
_____32. Electrical materials used as the passage of wires for protection and insulation.
 _____33. Used to attach metallic or non-metallic conduit to the junction or utility boxes.
_____34. This is a protective device used to automatically cut off the current when trouble
in the circuit such as short circuit or overload occurs.
_____35. It is an octagonal shaped electrical material where the connections or joints of
wires are being done. It is also where the flush type lamp holder is attached.

D. Direction: Match the forms in Column A with the corresponding descriptions in Column B.
Write the letter of your answer.
A B
36. A document generated by a user department
or storeroom personnel to notify the purchasing
department of items it needs to order, their A. Inventory of Materials
quantity, and the time frame.
37. The raw materials, work-in-process goods and
finished goods that are considered to be the portion
of a business's assets that are or will be B. Purchase Slip/ Form
ready for sale

38. A form use to request for tools and equipment to be

used for a particular job. It is a written instruction to
perform a work. C. Job Order/Work Order
39. A written instruction to perform a work according to
specified requirements within specified timeframe
and cost estimates.
D. Borrower’s Form
G. Direction: Match the electrical measuring tools and instruments in Column A to their
descriptions in Column B. Write the letter of your answer in the space provided before
each number

A B.

40. A. Voltmeter

41. B. Volt-ohmmeter/
Multi- Tester

42. C. Micrometer

43.

D. Clamp Ammeter
44. E. Wire Gauge

H. Multiple Choice. Direction: Choose the correct answer and write only the letter on your answer sheet.
45. An instrument used to measure the amount of electrical current intensity in a circuit.
a. Voltmeter b. Ammeter c. Micrometer d. Ohmmeter
46. A pocket sized tool used to test the line wire or circuit if there is current in it.
a. Test light b. Wire gauge c. Ruler d. Pull-push rule
47. A measuring tool used to measure the length of an object in centimeter and inches.
a. Test light b. Wire gauge c. Ruler d. Pull-push rule
48. It is used to measure the diameter of wires/conductors in circular mils. It can measure small and big sizes
of wires and cables.
a. Voltmeter b. Ammeter c. Micrometer d. Ohmmeter
49. It is used to measure the voltage, resistance and current of a circuit. It connected in parallel or series with
the circuit depending on what to measure.
a. Multi- Tester b. Micrometer c. Ohmmeter d. Ammeter

I. Directions: Write the equivalent value of the given unit.

50. 1cm is ______mm
51. 1 yard is ______ inches
52. 1 dm is ______ cm
53. 10 mm is _______cm
54. 1 foot is _______inches
J. Directions: Write the correct unit abbreviation of the following:
_______ 55. Centimeter
_______ 56. Meter
_______ 57. Decimeter
_______ 58. Yard
_______ 59. Feet

K. Directions: Convert the following:

60. 10 feet = ________cm.
61. 70 cm = ________mm.
62. 15 inches = ________ ft.
63. 5 meters = ________ yard
L. Analyze signs and symbols
Direction: Match the electrical symbols in Column A with the corresponding description in column B. Write the
letter of your answer in the space provided before each number.
A B
______64. a. Push button

______65. b. Switch

______66. c. Wires connected

______67. d. Incandescent Lamp

______68. e. Battery
M. Directions: Below is a drawing of an electrical plan. Enumerate the number of outlets, bulbs, one-gang switch,
two-gang switch and three-gang switch.
 Number of electrical fixtures found in the electrical plan
QUANTITY ELECTRICAL FIXTURES
69. Lamp Outlets
70. Duplex Convenience Outlet
71. Single gang switch
72. Two gang switches
73. Three gang switches

N. Directions: Read each statement and identify what is being described. Choose your
answer inside the box and write them in the space provided before each
number.
Hand Tools Pneumatic floor jack

Screwdrivers Wrenches Personal Protective Equipment

Pullers Vacuum Cleaner Air Drill Pneumatic Torque Wrench Machine/Power Tools
______74. Uses compressed air to flow into the jack cylinder and causes the ram to extend
and raise the vehicle.
______75. These are tools manipulated by our hands without using electrical energy.
______76. Are used to drive or turn screws. The common type has a single flat blade for
driving screws with slotted heads. The other type has the cross slotted head.
______77. A tool used to turn screws, nuts and bolts with hexagonal heads. Hexagonal means
six-sided. A variety of wrenches are used in the shop.
______78. A tool used to remove gears and hubs from shafts, bushings from blind holes, and
cylinders’ liners from the engine blocks.
______79. This is used for cleaning the floor and car interiors after service.
______80. This is lighter than a comparable electric drill. Repeatedly stalling or overloading
does not damage or overheat the air drill.
______81. A gadget that protects workers from injury or illness caused by having contact with
the dangers/hazards in the workplace, used by linemen to remove insulation of wire
and cables in low and high voltage transmission lines.
______82. This wrench uses compressed air to quickly and powerfully turn nuts, bolts, and
other objects.
______83. These are tools manipulated by our hands and with the use of electrical energy.
 LESSON 1
Identify hazards and risks

DEFINITION OF TERMS:
Acute- very serious or dangerous requiring serious attention or action.
Adverse Health Effect- any changes in the body functions and or structures of cells that lead
to disease or health problems.
ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienist)-is a professional
association of industrial hygienists and practitioners of related professions.
Asbestos- a soft gray mineral that is used as building material that can cause serious diseases
of the lungs when people breathe its dust.
Bacteria –microscopic living organisms, usually one-celled, that can be found everywhere.
They can be dangerous, such as when they cause infection, or beneficial.
Benzene-a liquid chemical that is used to make plastics, fuel for automobiles, and other
substance.
Bullying- abuse and mistreatment of someone vulnerable by someone stronger, more
powerful.
Cells- the basic building blocks of living things, provide structure for the body take in nutrients
from food and carry out important functions.
Detrimental- causing damage or injury
Fumes- a smoke, vapor, or gas
Fungi/Fungus- a eukaryotic organism. Yeasts, molds and mushrooms are examples of fungi.
Gases-a substance that is like air and has no fixed shaped
Harm-physical or mental damage or injury.
Leukemia- a very serious disease in which the body forms too many white blood cells
Long Term- lasting for, relating to, or involving a long period of time
Medical Waste-any kind of waste that contains infectious material (or material that's potentially
infectious)
Mental Health-refers to cognitive, behavioral, and emotional wellbeing - it is all about how a
person think, feel, and behave
Mesothelioma-an aggressive cancer that affects the lining of the lungs, heart, or abdomen.
Caused by the inhalation of asbestos fibers.
Metal fume fever-an illness primarily caused by exposure to chemicals
Molds-a fungus that produced especially on damp or decaying organic matter
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)-it is an area concerning the safety,
health welfare of people engaged in work or employed.
Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) - a planned system of working to prevent illness and
injury where you work by recognizing and identifying hazards and risks.
Scaffolds/ Scaffolding-temporary or movable platform for workers
Silicosis- lung disease caused by breathing in tiny bits of silica, a mineral that is part of sand,
rock, and mineral ores such as quartz
Skeletal System-is the body system composed of bones, cartilages, ligaments and other
tissues that perform essential functions for the human body.
Stress-a feeling of emotional or physical tension.
Threat-a person or thing likely to cause damage or danger.
TLV- (Threshold Limit Value) - standards for limiting worker exposure to airborne
contaminants
Ventilation-circulation and exchange of fresh air
Virus –an infective agent too small to be seen by light microscopy, and can multiply only within
the living cells of a host
Workplace-a place where people work, such as an office or factory.
Hazard- something that can cause harm.
Example: electricity, chemicals, noise, keyboard, bully, stress.
Risk- the chance or probability that a person will be harmed or experience an adverse health effect once
exposes to hazard. It may also apply into situations with property or equipment.

5 BASIC WORKPLACE HAZARDS

There are five major types of hazards which can put both your health and your safety at risks.
1. CHEMICAL HAZARD- a type of occupational hazard caused by exposure to chemicals in the
workplace. Exposure to chemicals in the workplace can cause acute or long-term detrimental
health effects.
Examples: liquids such as cleaners, acids and paints, vapors and fumes, gases such
as carbon monoxide, products that can cause fire.

Car fumes Cleaning Paints

Products
2. BIOLOGICAL HAZARD- also known as biohazards, refer to biological substances that pose
a threat to the health of living organisms, primarily that of humans.
Examples: virus, bacteria, insects, plants, birds, animals, humans, unclean bathroom,
molds and fungus, insect stings, animal bites, poorly stored medical
waste.
 Virus Bacteria Fungus
Bio hazards are classified for transportation by UN number
• Category A, UN 2814 – Infectious substance, affecting humans: An infectious substance in a
form capable of causing permanent disability or life-threatening or fatal disease in otherwise
healthy humans or animals when exposure to it occurs.
•Category A, UN 2900 – Infectious substance, affecting animals (only): An infectious substance
that is not in a form generally capable of causing permanent disability or life-threatening or fatal
disease in otherwise healthy humans and animals when exposure to themselves occurs.
•Category B, UN 3373 – Biological substance transported for diagnostic or investigative
purposes.
•Regulated Medical Waste, UN 3291 – Waste or reusable material derived from medical
treatment of an animal or human, or from biomedical research, which includes the production and
testing.
LEVEL OF BIOHAZARDS
The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) categorizes various
diseases in levels of biohazard, Level 1 being minimum risk and Level 4 being extreme risk.
Laboratories and other facilities are categorized as BSL (Biosafety Level) 1–4 or as P1 through
P4 for short (Pathogen or Protection Level).
•Biohazard Level 1
Bacteria and viruses including Bacillus subtilis, canine hepatitis, Escherichia coli, and
varicella (chicken pox), as well as some cell cultures and non-infectious bacteria. At this level
precautions against the biohazardous materials in question are minimal, most likely involving
gloves and some sort of facial protection.
•Biohazard Level 2
Bacteria and viruses that cause only mild disease to humans, or are difficult to contract via
aerosol in a lab setting, such as hepatitis A, B, and C, some influenza. A strains, Lyme disease,
salmonella, mumps, measles, scrapie, dengue fever, and HIV. Routine diagnostic work with
clinical specimens can be done safely at Biosafety Level 2, using Biosafety Level 2 practices and
procedures. Research work (including co-cultivation, virus replication studies, or manipulations
involving concentrated virus) can be done in a BSL-2 (P2) facility, using BSL-3 practices and
procedures.
•Biohazard Level 3
Bacteria and viruses that can cause severe to fatal disease in humans, but for which
vaccines or other treatments exist, such as anthrax, West Nile virus, Venezuelan equine
encephalitis, SARS virus, MERS coronavirus, hantaviruses, tuberculosis, typhus, Rift Valley fever,
Rocky Mountain spotted fever, yellow fever, and malaria.
•Biohazard Level 4
Viruses that cause severe to fatal disease in humans, and for which vaccines or other
treatments are not available, such as Bolivian hemorrhagic fever, Marburg virus, Ebola virus,
Lassa fever virus, Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever, and other hemorrhagic diseases. Variola
virus (smallpox) is an agent that is worked with at BSL-4 despite the existence of a vaccine, as it
has been eradicated. When dealing with biological hazards at this level, the use of a positive
pressure personnel suit with a segregated air supply is mandatory. The entrance and exit of a
Level Four biolab will contain multiple showers, a vacuum room, an ultraviolet light room,
autonomous detection system, and other safety precautions designed to destroy all traces of the
biohazard. Multiple airlocks are employed and are electronically secured to prevent doors from
both opening at the same time. All air and water service going to and coming from a Biosafety
Level 4 (P4) lab will undergo similar decontamination procedures to eliminate the possibility of an
accidental release. Currently there are no bacteria classified at this level.
3. PHYSICAL HAZARD/ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD-a type of occupational hazard that
involves environmental hazards that can cause harm with or without contact and common source
of injuries in many industries.
Example: machinery, electrical power, noise, power and hand tools, working and
walking surfaces, trip and fall hazards, ladders and scaffolds, heat and cold,
ventilation.

Scaffolding UV Rays Chairs /Stairs Wire Trip

4. ERGONOMIC HAZARD- a physical factor within the environment that harms the skeletal
system.
Example: repeated movements, lighting, lifting, chairs, poor body positioning, and manual
handling.

Poor position Lifting Manual Handling

5. PSYCHOLOGICAL HAZARD- any hazard that affects the mental well-being or mental health
of the worker by overwhelming individual coping mechanisms and impacting the worker’s ability to
work in a healthy and safe manner.
Example: heavy workloads, noise, conflict with employer, working by yourself, shift
work, lack of control over the pace of work, excessive working time.

Bullying Heavy Workload Cluttered Workplace

Sample of Workplace Hazard

Workplace Hazard Example of Hazard Example of Harm Caused

thing knife cut
substance benzene leukemia
material asbestos mesothelioma
source of energy electricity shock, electrocution
condition wet floor slips, falls
process welding metal fume fever
practice hard rock mining silicosis
 TASK 1
A. Write at least three (3) examples of each type of hazards.

1. Chemical Hazard 3. Physical Hazard

_______________ _______________
_______________ _______________
_______________ _______________

2. Biological Hazard 4. Ergonomic Hazard

_______________ ________________
_______________ ________________
_______________ ________________
5. Psychological Hazard
__________________
__________________
__________________

B. Given the below are different hazard. Identify what type of hazards the pictures
below.

1. 2. 3.

______________ _______________ _______________

4. 5.

_____________ _____________

ENCHANCEMENT ACTIVITY

Task 2

1. In a sheet of paper, identify hazardous household products that are harmful if

ingested, touch or inhaled in your house.

2. Identifies hazardous areas at home

 ANSWER KEY

PRETEST TASK 1- Possible Answers

A.
1. H 41. E 1. CHEMICAL HAZARDS
2. C 42. A Cleaners, Acids, Paints, Vapor, Fumes,
3. E 43. B Gases, Products that can cause fires
4. A 44. D
5. G 45. B 2. BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
6. F 46. A Virus, Bacteria, Insects, Plants, Birds ,
7. J 47. C Animals, Humans, Unclean bathroom,
8. I 48. C Molds, Fungus, Insect stings, Animal Bites
9. D 49. A Poorly stored medical waste, Garbage
10. B 50. 10
11. PPE 51. 36
12. Engineering Control 52. 10 3. PHYSICAL HAZARDS
13. Administrative Control 53. 10 Machinery, Electrical power, Noise, Power and
14. Risk Evaluation 54. 12 Hand Tools, Working and Walking surface, Trip
15. Identifying Hazard 55. cm and Fall Hazards, Ladders and Scaffolds, Heat
16. True 56. m and Cold , Ventilation
17. True 57. dm
18. False 58. yd 4. ERGONOMIC HAZARDS
19. False 59. Ft Repeated movement, Lighting, Lifting, Chairs,
20. True 60. 304.8 Poor body positioning and Manual Handling
21. Combination Pliers 61. 700
22. Long Nose Pliers 62. 180 5. PSYCHOLOGICAL HAZARDS
23. Philips Screw Driver 63. 4,574 Heavy workloads, Noise, Conflict with employer,
24. Hammer 64. B Working by yourself, Shift work, Lack of control
25. Wire Stripper 65. D over the pace of work, Excessive working time.
26. Portable Electric Drill 66. A
27. Stubby Screw Driver 67. E B.
28. Electrician Knife 68. C 1. Chemical Hazards
29. Convenience Outlet 69. 8 2. Physical Hazards
30. Fuse 70. 5 3. Biological Hazards
31. Utility Box 71. 3 4. Ergonomic Hazards
32. Conduit 72. 2 5. Psychological Hazards
33. Connector 73. 1
34. Circuit Breaker 74. Pneumatic Floor Jack
35. Junction Box 75. Hand Tools
36. B 76. Screw Drivers
37. A 77. Wrenches
38. C 78. Pullers
39. D 79. Vacuum Cleaner
40. C 80. Air Drill
81. Personal Protective Equipment
82. Pneumatic Torque Wrench
83. Machine/Power Tools

TASK 2- ENCHANCEMENT ACTIVITY

Possible Answers
1. Laundry Soap, Shampoo, Knife, Pesticide, Bleach (Zonrox, Chlorine), Alcohol, Not prescribed medicine

2. Kitchen, Bathroom, Yard, Stairs

Lesson 2
Determining hazards in Electrical Installation and Maintenance

DEFINITON OF TERMS
FIRE- combustion or burning, in which substances combine chemically with oxygen from the
air and typically give out bright light, heat, and smoke.
FIRE EXTINGUISHER- a portable device that discharges a jet of water, foam, gas, or other
material to extinguish a fire
FIRST AID- help given to a sick or injured person until full medical treatment is available
FIRST AID KIT- a collection of supplies and equipment that is used to give medical treatment.
FROSTBITE- type of injury that can occur when your skin's exposed to the cold.
GLOVES- a covering for the hand worn for protection against cold or dirt and typically having
separate parts for each finger and the thumb.
HAZARD CONTROL- refers to workplace procedures adopted to minimize injury, reduce
adverse health effects and control damage to plant or equipment.
HARD HAT- a type of helmet predominantly used in workplace environments such industrial
or construction sites to protect the head from injury due to falling objects, impact
with other objects, debris, rain, and electric shock.
HOUSE KEEPING-ensure cleanliness, comfort, convenience, privacy, health and hygiene in a
safe environment and keeping work areas neat and orderly, materials and
prevent accident and fire.
HYPOTHERMIA- the condition of having an abnormally low body temperature.
MASK- used to protect from exposure to infection
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)- designed to protect the wearer’s body from
injury or infection.
PERSONAL HYGIENE- an act of maintaining cleanliness and grooming of the external body.
RESPIRATOR- a device designed to protect the wearer from inhaling hazardous atmospheres,
including particulate matter such as dusts and airborne microorganisms, as
well as hazardous fumes, vapors and gases.
SAFETY BELT/ HARNESS-a form of protective equipment designed to protect a person,
animal, or object from injury or damage.
SAFETY GOOGLES- protective eyewear that usually enclose or protect the area surrounding
 the eye in order to prevent particulates, water or chemicals from striking
the eyes
SAFETY SHOES/STEEL SHOES/ SAFETY BOOT- a durable boot or shoe that has a
protective reinforcement in the toe which protects the foot from falling
objects or compression, usually combined with a mid-sole plate to protect
against punctures from below.
WASTE MANAGEMENT- is the collection, transport, processing or disposal, managing and
monitoring waste materials.
Determine the Effects of Hazards and Risk
Identifying Workplace Hazards.
Before you can assess the hazards in your workplace, you must ensure that you have
done a thorough job of identifying them. Hazards can be identified by various methods, including
collecting and reviewing all available information about potential and actual problems in your
workplace and by inspecting the workplace.
Here are some general guidelines:
1. Form a team
While the employer is legally responsible for conducting the hazard assessment, it is wise
to use a team approach. Ideally, the activity should be conducted with the worker and
management members of the joint committee. You may also wish to include others with specific
hazard knowledge or expertise on the assessment team.
2. Determine where to begin
You may want to divide your workplace into major work areas or steps in the work flow.
Regardless of how you do it, the key is that all areas must be considered for hazards. This
includes:
• receiving areas
• storage areas
• processing areas
• customer service areas
• office areas
• areas outside of the workplace (sidewalks, walkways, parking lots, driveways, etc.)
3. Collect and review information
There are many sources of information that you can turn to for help in identifying the
hazards in your workplace. Examples include:
• hazardous materials inventories and material safety data sheets (MSDSs)
• inventories of on-site machinery and equipment and information from manufacturers or
suppliers of these items
• work flow or process flow information
• injury and illness reports for your workplace and industry
• accident and incident investigation reports
• recommendations made by the joint health and safety committee
• results of previous workplace inspections
• employee reports about hazards
• results of any workplace testing (e.g., air sampling)
• results of work refusals and stoppages
• maintenance reports
• inspection reports and orders from the Department of Labor
4. Use a floor plan
A floor plan of your workplace can help you summarize the information you collect. For
example, you can mark on the floor plan where accidents and incidents have happened, where
chemicals are used and stored, what machines and equipment are used, and where there are
special problem areas.
5. Inspect your workplace
Inform the appropriate people so that they are not surprised by your inspection. Wear the
appropriate personal protective equipment. Be thorough; check the entire area. Talk to
employees about hazards and how they may be controlled. Take detailed notes.
Once you’ve identified the hazards in your workplace, you are ready to move to the next
step – assessment. IAPA has developed a Workplace Hazard Assessment Form specifically for
this purpose. Use the form to record each hazard that you’ve identified and then assess it for its
significance.
Safety Hazard Categories
Safety hazards can lead to traumatic types of injuries such as sprains, bruises, fractures and cuts.
Here is a summary of the five safety hazard categories.
1. Material handling hazards
Manual material handling can involve lifting, carrying, lowering, pushing, and pulling. All
of these activities can lead to muscle strains, tears and pulls of the back, shoulders, arms and
abdomen. Mechanical material handling can involve such devices as forklift trucks, conveyors,
cranes, and hand carts and trucks. These devices can introduce many hazards including
accidental contact with moving equipment or parts, loads, or electricity. Handling of hazardous
materials, such as corrosives, flammables and reactive is another key area. Exposure can cause
serious harm to people and extensive damage to property.

2. Machine hazards
Any machine can be a hazard, especially those with moving parts that can get tangled in a
worker’s clothes or
come into contact with a worker’s body. Here are some examples:
•workers may be crushed if they get caught in rotating shafts, belts or pulleys
•body parts may be injured or severed by presses, blades and saws
•workers may be struck by flying projectiles from machines
3. Energy hazards
Workers can be seriously injured by the sudden movement of machine components,
electrical shock or other releases of energy when they are adjusting or maintaining equipment.
Energy sources include: electricity, steam, heat, pneumatic or hydraulic pressure and gravity as
well as mechanical and chemical energy.
4. Work practice hazards
Failure to have or to follow safe work practices is a significant cause of injuries.
Performing work safely in accordance with established safe work procedures is a fundamental
element in the control of safety hazards. Employers, supervisors and workers all share a
responsibility in this.
5. Confined space hazards
Confined spaces are work spaces where hazardous gases, vapors, dusts or fumes may
build up or where an oxygen-deficient atmosphere may be created. Examples include: storage
tanks, vaults, pits, vats, silos, pipelines, ducts and tunnels. Other hazards of confined spaces
include: difficulty of entry and exit and working in awkward spaces, poor walking surfaces, poor
visibility, and extremes of temperature and noise.
IMPORTANT REMINDER
Employers should take immediate corrective action if any serious hazards are
discovered during the workplace hazard identification and assessment process.
 WORKPLACE HAZARD ASSESSMENT FORM (Page 1 of 2)

1. Work 2.Hazard 3. Identified 5.

6. Controls
Area/ Flow Category hazards Training
4. Assessment in the
Require
workplace
(Physical , d
Chemical,
D. SIGNIFICANCE
C. PROBABILITY
B. FREQUENCY

Ergonomic,

Y (Yes) / N (No)
Y (Yes)/ N (No)

Y (Yes) / N (No)
A.SEVERITY

(-1 TO + 1)

Psychologi

Adequate
(0-10)
(0-6)

(1-3)

cal,
Biological)

Workstatio Confined Poor furniture design

n spaces, cause back 8
machine pain, electrical wires
hazards, causes trips and
workspace electrocution, poor
4 3 +1 Y Y N
hazards, lighting will result
energy damage on the
hazards eyes, water bottles
may spill on the floor
and causes slide.

Location: TLE Department Completed: Afra Jane De Guzman, Daniel Jack Cruz Date: November 6, 2019
 WORKPLACE HAZARD ASSESSMENT FORM (Page 2)

Severity (0-6) B. Frequency (1-3)

Number of Number of times persons may be exposed to
0: No injury or illness; or quality, production, or other loss of less than persons who or have contact with the hazard.
₽ 5,000.00 may be exposed
2: Minor injury or illness without lost time; non-disruptive property to or have Less than Few times Many times per
damage or a quality, production, or loss of ₽5,000.00 to ₽50,000.00 contact with the daily per day day
4: A lost-time injury or illness without permanent disability; or hazard.
disruptive property damage; or quality, production, or other loss of
Few 1 1 2
more than ₽50,000.00 but not exceeding ₽300,000
Moderate 1 2 3
6: Permanent disability of loss of life or body part; and/or extensive
Many 2 3 3
loss of structure, equipment, or material; quality, production, or other
losses exceeding ₽50,000.00

C. Probability (-1 to +1) D. Significance (0- 10)

-1: Less than average chance of loss 0-2- Low
0: Average chance of loss 3-5- Medium
+1: Greater than average chance of loss 6-10 –High

Severity + Frequency + Probability = Significance

 Guidelines for Completing Hazard Assessment Form

WORKPLACE HAZARD ASSESSMENT FORM (Page 1 of 2)

Select a work area (e.g., storage area, office area) or a step in the work flow (e.g.,
receiving) and list it here. You will then have to repeat the process described on the
pages that follow for all the other work areas or steps in the work flow. In the
example above, we have selected the workstation

2.Hazard 5. Training 6. Controls in

4. Assessment
Category Required the workplace

Y (Yes) / N (No)

Y (Yes) / N (No)

Y (Yes) / N (No)
D. SIGNIFICANCE
C. PROBABILITY
B. FREQUENCY
1. Work (Physical , 3. Identified

A. SEVERITY

Adequate
(-1 TO + 1)
Area/ Flow Chemical, hazards

(0-10)
(0-6)

(1-3)
Ergonomic,
Psychological,
Biological)
Workstation

Location: Completed:
Date:
Column 1. Work Area

Column 2. Hazard Category

Workplace Hazard Assessment Form (Page 1 of 2)
1. Work 2.Hazard 5. 6. Controls in
Area/ Flow Category 3. Identified 4. Assessment Training the workplace
hazards Required
(Physical ,
SIGNIFICANCE
PROBABILITY
FREQUENCY
A. SEVERITY

Y (Yes) / N

Y (Yes) / N

Y (Yes) / N
Chemical,
(-1 TO + 1)

Adequate
(0-10)
(0-6)

(1-3)

Ergonomic,
(No)

(No)

(No)
C.

D.
B.

Psychological,
Biological)
Workstation Confined spaces,
machine hazards,
workspace
hazards, energy
hazards

Location: Completed:
Date:

Identify the hazard category (ies) that apply to the work area/flow chosen in column By
thinking of major hazard categories first, it will help you to organize your hazard information
into more manageable chunks. When identifying hazards in your workplace, be sure to
consider both health and safety hazards. Health hazards can lead to illnesses or disorders
such as inflamed or irritated joints (e.g., tendonitis, epicondylitis), skin diseases (such as
dermatitis), carpal tunnel syndrome, hernias and various cancers. Some health hazards can
also have harmful reproductive effects. Safety hazards can lead to traumatic types of injuries
such as sprains, bruises, fractures and cuts.

Column 3. Identified Hazards

1. Work Area/ 2.Hazard Category 5. Training 6. Controls in

4. Assessment
Flow Required the workplace
(Physical ,

SIGNIFICANCE
3. Identified

PROBABILITY
FREQUENCY
A. SEVERITY

Y (Yes) / N

Y (Yes) / N
Chemical,

Y (Yes) / N
(-1 TO + 1)

Adequate
hazards

(0-10)
Ergonomic,

(0-6)

(1-3)

(No)

(No)

(No)
C.

D.
B.
Psychological,
Biological)
Workstation Confined spaces, Poor furniture
machine hazards, design cause
workspace hazards, back pain,
energy hazards electrical wires,
causes trips and
electrocution,
poor lighting will
result damage on
the eyes, water
bottles may spill
on the floor and
causes slide.

Location: Completed: Date:

List the specific hazards that you’ve identified here. For example, if in column 2, you indicated
physical hazards as the hazard category, you should list the specific physical hazards here in
column 3. In this case, you may list noise from a machine or vibration from Air Conditioning
unit. If you are not sure which hazard category the hazard belongs to (and you’ve decided
against creating a new hazard category as mentioned in the guidelines for column 2), simply
list the identified hazard here in column 3 (e.g., ladders or indoor air quality)
Column 4. Hazard Assessment

1. Work 2.Hazard Category 5. 6. Controls in

Area/ Training the workplace
4. Assessment
Flow (Physical , Require
Chemical, d
3. Identified
Ergonomic,

SIGNIFICANCE
hazards

PROBABILITY
FREQUENCY
A. SEVERITY

Y (Yes) / N

Y (Yes) / N

Y (Yes) / N
Psychological,

(-1 TO + 1)

Adequate
(0-10)
(0-6)

(1-3)
Biological)

(No)

(No)

(No)
C.

D.
B.
Workstati Confined spaces, Poor furniture 8
on machine hazards, design cause
workspace hazards, back pain,
energy hazards electrical wires,
causes trips and
electrocution,
poor lighting will 4 3 +1 Y Y N
result damage
on the eyes,
water bottles
may spill on the
floor and causes
slide.

Location: Completed: Date:

A hazard is significant when, if not properly con-trolled, it has the potential to cause a lost-time injury or occupational
disease.
To assess each hazard that you have identified in your workplace and determine whether it is
significant, consider the following questions:
Ω Has the hazard contributed to a workplace injury or illness?
Ω What is the potential for future injury or illness?
Ω How severe an injury or illness could result from exposure to the hazard?
Ω Has the hazard contributed to any “near misses”?
Ω How likely will these cause injury or illness now or in the future?
Ω How many workers are exposed to or likely to come into contact with the hazard?
Ω Has any hazard testing (measurement) been done in your workplace (e.g., air sampling
in the case of chemical hazards)? How well is the hazard controlled vis-a-vis established
standards such as legislated limits, DOH standards, DOLE standards, DENR guidelines,
and workplace policies and procedures, etc?

When assessing each hazard that you have identified, consider:

Ω the severity of the loss that could result from exposure to or contact with the hazard
Ω the frequency of exposure to the hazard
Ω the probability of the injury, illness or loss happening

Severity
 A. Severity
0: No injury or illness; or quality, production, or other loss of less than
₽ 5,000.00
2: Minor injury or illness without lost time; non-disruptive property
damage or a quality, production, or loss of ₽5,000.00 to ₽50,000.00
4: A lost-time injury or illness without permanent disability; or
disruptive
property damage; or quality, production, or other loss of more than
₽50,000.00 but not exceeding ₽300,000
6: Permanent disability of loss of life or body part; and/or extensive
loss
of structure, equipment, or material; quality, production, or other
Using Table A above, consider the consequences of exposure to or contact with the
hazard. Could it result in a minor injury or a permanent disability? Could it cause minor
equipment damage or extensive damage to the premises? Use the pesos figures provided in
Table A as a guide only. You may need to adjust these figures to better reflect the size and
nature of your business. On the severity scale, the ratings range from 0 to 6. Pick the number
that most closely corresponds with the severity of loss that could result. If a lost-time injury with
no permanent disability could result, for example, you would enter the number 4 in the space
provided on the form. In our example, electrocution have assigned a severity rating of 4.

Frequency

B. Frequency (1-3)
Number of persons Number of times persons may be exposed
who may be exposed to or have contact with the hazard.
to or have contact Less than Few times Many times
with the hazard. daily per day per day
Few 1 1 2
Moderate 1 2 3
Many 2 3 3

Using Table B above, consider two questions to assess the frequency of exposure:
Ω How many people may be exposed to or have contact with the hazard (few,
moderate, many)?
Ω How many times may people be exposed in a work day (less than daily, a few times
per day, many times per day or more)?
Be sure to consider persons who regularly work in the area as well as those who may only be
there temporarily. In our example, we have entered a frequency rating of 2 – a few persons
may be exposed to the hazard many times per day.

Probability

C. PROBABILITY (-1 to +1 )
-1: Less than average chance of loss
0: Average chance of loss
+1: Greater than average chance of loss

Using Table C, consider the likelihood of the loss happening. If there is a less than
average chance of loss, assign a rating of -1; if the likelihood is greater than average, and give
it a 1. Enter that number in the space provided on page 1 of the form. In our example on page
45, we have determined that there is a greater than average likelihood of loss happening. (This
is based on our analysis of injury and illness data.) Therefore, we have assigned a rating of +1.

Significance
D. SIGNIFICANCE (0-10)

0-2- Low
3-5- Medium
6-10 –High

Add your severity (A), frequency (B), and probability (C) ratings together to obtain a
significance rating (D). As shown in Table D above, if the sum is 6 or greater, the hazard has a
high significance rating. Such hazards should be regarded as potential training needs for
Workplace-Specific Hazard Training and top priorities for control. Consider also the hazards
that received a medium significance rating. If any hazard in this category was assigned a
severity rating of 4 (e.g., because it may lead to a lost-time injury or illness), it too should be
considered to be significant and therefore a potential training need. Enter the sum in the space
provided on page 1 of the form. You may also wish to circle those numbers that are 6 or
greater in value as a quick visual reminder of the highly significant hazards in your workplace.
In our example, the significance rating adds up to 8.

Note: Identified examples of hazards or groups of hazards that may be significant in your
workplace and therefore appropriate for Workplace-Specific Hazard Training.

Colum 5. Training Required

1. Work 2.Hazard Category 5. 6. Controls in

Area/ Flow 4. Assessment Training the workplace
(Physical , Required
3. Identified
Chemical,
SIGNIFICANCE

hazards
PROBABILITY
FREQUENCY

Y (Yes) / N

Y (Yes) / N
A. SEVERITY

Y (Yes) / N
Adequate
Ergonomic,
(-1 TO + 1)

(0-10)

(No)

(No)

(No)
(0-6)

(1-3)

C.

D.
B.

Psychological,
Biological)
Workstatio Confined spaces, Poor furniture 8
n machine hazards, design cause back
workspace hazards, pain, electrical
energy hazards wires, causes trips
and electrocution,
poor lighting will 4 3 +1 Y
result damage on
the eyes, water
bottles may spill on
the floor and
causes slide.

Location: Completed: Date:

Employers must provide training for the designated members on the significant hazards
that have been identified. For every significant hazard in your workplace, the designated
members should be able to:
Ω describe the hazard and how it may cause injury or illness
Ω identify the relevant laws, standards and guidelines for the hazard
 Ω describe how to identify and assess the hazard
Ω describe ways of controlling the hazard
Ω prepare an action plan to identify, assess and control the hazard, based on an actual
workplace situation
Yes, training is required
Enter yes or “Y” in the space provided in column 5 if: the hazard is significant (generally
when column 4D has a value of 6 or greater) and the designated members have not already
taken “equivalent” training (this is training that meets the learning objectives outlined above)
No, training is not required
Enter no or “N” if:
Ω the hazard is not significant (generally when column 4D has a value of 5 or less) or
Ω if the designated committee members have already taken equivalent training

Note: If equivalent training has already been taken, consider how long ago the training took place and how
relevant it is to the present workplace. Note also that the employer, in consultation with the joint health and
safety committee, should determine if training is equivalent.

In our example on the previous page, we have determined that training is required because
the hazard is significant and no equivalent training has been taken.

Column 6. Controls in Place

1. Work 2.Hazard Category 5. 6. Controls in the

Area/ Flow Training workplace
4. Assessment
(Physical , Chemical, Require
Ergonomic, d
Psychological, 3. Identified hazards

SIGNIFICANCE
PROBABILITY
FREQUENCY
A. SEVERITY

Y (Yes) / N

Y (Yes) / N

Y (Yes) / N
Biological)
(-1 TO + 1)

Adequate
(0-10)
(0-6)

(1-3)

(No)

(No)

(No)
C.

D.
B.

Workstatio Confined spaces, Poor furniture design cause 8

n machine hazards, back pain, electrical wires,
workspace hazards, causes trips and
energy hazards electrocution, poor lighting will 4 3 +1 Y Y N
result damage on the eyes,
water bottles may spill on the
floor and causes slide.

Location: Completed: Date:

Indicate whether controls are in place for the hazard you’ve identified and whether they are
adequate.
Ω at the source (e.g., replacing a broken ladder or substituting a less hazardous
substance
for one that is more hazardous or enclosing a hazardous process).
Ω along the path (e.g., setting up a barricade to restrict worker access to a hazardous
area
or using ventilation to control worker exposure to chemicals).
Ω at the worker (e.g., wearing safety goggles with side shields to protect the eyes from
flying objects) Controls at the source are always preferred.
Controls include:
Ω controls required by law (e.g., Regulations for Industrial Establishments which apply to
 industrial and retail workplaces; Fire Code of the Philippines, Building Code of the
Philippines)
Ω company rules
Ω engineering controls (e.g., machine guards, ventilation systems, special materials that
reduce noise)
Ω job procedures and safe work practices
Ω personal hygiene practices and facilities
Ω standards set by organizations such as CSA International (e.g., CSA standards for
electrical equipment)
Ω manufacturers’ specifications and user information (e.g., for hoists)
Ω emergency systems (e.g., emergency lighting, sprinkler systems, etc.)
Ω administrative controls (e.g., job rotation, work/rest periods)
Ω personal protective equipment (e.g., safety footwear, gloves, glasses, respirators)
To determine whether the hazard controls in your workplace are adequate, consider how
well they measure up against established standards, such as legislated limits and standards.
Indicate yes (“Y”) or no (“N”) in the space provided. In the example, controls are in place.
However, because we believe they could be improved upon, we have entered an “N” in the
“Controls Adequate” column.

igiNote:
You may require the help of an expert in determining the adequacy of some controls (e.g., ventilation
systems). In these cases, your team may need to consult with a specialist, such as an industrial hygienist,
ergonomist or machine safety specialist
Location, Completed by, Date
Location
If your company has multiple locations in the Philippines, state the location for which
you have completed your assessment. This is important if your report is to be sent to your
head office location.
Completed by
The employer’s name or employer’s representative’s name should be entered here. We
also recommend that the designated joint committee members who participated in the hazard
identification and assessment process include their names, too.

Date
Indicate the date on which the assessment was completed.

1. Work 2.Hazard Category 3. Identified hazards 5. 6. Controls in

Area/ Flow Trainin the workplace
(Physical , Chemical, 4. Assessment g
Ergonomic, Requir
Psychological, ed
Biological)
FREQUENCY
A. SEVERITY

PROBABILIT

Y (Yes) / N
Y (Yes) / N
SIGNIFICAN

Y (Yes) / N
Adequate
(0-6)

(No)
C.

D.
B.
Workstat Confined spaces, Poor furniture design 8
ion machine cause back pain,
hazards, electrical wires,
workspace causes trips and
hazards, energy electrocution, poor
4 3 +1 Y Y N
hazards lighting will result
damage on the eyes,
water bottles may
spill on the floor and
causes slide.

Location: TLE Dept. Completed: Afra De Guzman, Daniel Jack Cruz Date: November. 6, 2019

What to do next after determining the hazards and risk in the workplace?
1. Share the results of the hazard assessment with the JHSC (Joint Health and Safety
Committee)
Not only does this make good sense, but employers have a legal duty to do so. The
JHSC may wish to review the assessment and make written recommendations regarding the
training needs of designated committee members and the equivalency of training (if
applicable). The employer must respond to these recommendations in writing, within 21 days.
2. Arrange for training
Once you have agreement on the significant hazards and training needs, the employer
must arrange for training in those hazards (unless equivalent training has already been taken).
3. Inform the Workplace Safety Insurance Board (WSIB) when training is complete
Once the designated committee members have been trained, the employer must notify
the WSIB. The findings should be written in a form. Once the form is filled in, it should be
signed by the employer or employer’s representative and the training participants. It should
then be sent to the WSIB, Prevention Division. The WSIB will then issue new certification
cards to the certified members.
4. Review the action plan and take all necessary corrective steps
Employers have a legal responsibility to take every precaution reasonable in the
circumstances to protect the health and safety of workers. Once the designated members
prepare their health and safety action plan, the employer has a duty to review the plan and
implement the action steps wherever practicable. If the designated members did not complete
the action plan during the training, they may develop the plan back at work.
5. Continue to provide training
Employers should continue to provide workplace health and safety information,
instruction and training to certified members and others in the workplace as part of the ongoing
health and safety program. This includes workers, supervisors and joint committee member.
 Task 1
Determine the Hazard and Risk in your workplace /surroundings / home using the given table below. Use the examples
given above in answering the table.

5. 6. Controls in the
1. Work Area/ Flow 2.Hazard Category 4. Assessment Training workplace
Required
3. Identified hazards

Y (Yes) / N (No)
B. FREQUENCY

Y (Yes) / N (No)
SIGNIFICANCE
PROBABILITY
(Physical , Chemical,

A. SEVERITY

Y (Yes) / N
(-1 TO + 1)

Adequate
Ergonomic,

(0-10)

(No)
(0-6)

(1-3)

C.

D.
Psychological,
Biological)

Location: Completed: Date:

 LESSON 2
TASK 1- Possible Answer

5. 6. Controls in the
1. Work Area/ Flow 2.Hazard Category 4. Assessment Training workplace
Required
3. Identified hazards

Y (Yes) / N (No)
B. FREQUENCY

Y (Yes) / N (No)
SIGNIFICANCE
PROBABILITY
(Physical , Chemical,

A. SEVERITY

Y (Yes) / N
(-1 TO + 1)

Adequate
Ergonomic, Psychological,

(0-10)

(No)
(0-6)

(1-3)

C.

D.
Biological)

Poor lighting, low table that can cause back pain,

Kitchen Physical, Biological , Ergonomic
Bathroom Physical and Biological
Physical, Psychological,
Bedroom
Ergonomic, Biological
water spills that cause slide, garbage that can
2 2 +1 3 Y Y Y
attract rats, cockroaches, flies and mosquitoes.
Clogged drain which cause accumulation of
different bacteria, Poor lighting, Uncleaned toiled 2 2 +1 3 Y Y Y
bowl that can cause illnesses like diarrhea, UTI.
Poor bed design can cause back pain, Noises
from neighbours, unmade bed, clothes scattering 2 3 +1 4 Y Y Y
around will cause trip and slide, garbage that
were not dispose properly will attract rats and
insects

Location: HOME Completed: Juan Dela Cruz Date: September 7, 2020

 Lesson 3
Evaluate Hazard and Risk
Risk Assessment-is a term used to describe the overall process or method where you:
Identify hazards and risk factors that have the potential to cause harm (hazard identification).
Analyze and evaluate the risk associated with that hazard (risk analysis, and risk evaluation).
Why Risk Assessment?
A risk assessment will protect your workers and your business, as well as complying with law.
As for when to do a risk assessment it should simply be conducted before you or any other
employees conduct some work which presents a risk of injury or ill-health.

5 Steps of Risk Assessment

Step 1: Identify hazards, i.e. anything that may cause harm.
Ω Hazards can be identified by using several different techniques such as walking round
the workplace or asking your employees.
Step 2: Decide who may be harmed, and how.
Ω Once you have identified a number of hazards you need to understand who might be
harmed and how, such as ‘people working in the warehouse’, or members of the public.
Step 3: Assess the risks and take action.
Ω After ‘identifying the hazards’ and ‘deciding who might be harmed and how’ you are
then required to protect the people from harm. The hazards can either be removed
completely or the risks controlled so that the injury is unlikely.
Step 4: Make a record of the findings.
Ω Your findings should be written down it’s a legal requirement where there are 5 or more
employees; and by recording the findings it shows that you have identified the hazards,
decided who could be harmed and how, and also shows how you plan to eliminate the
risks and hazards.
Step 5: Review the risk assessment.
Ω You should never forget that few workplaces stay the same and as a result this risk
assessment should be reviewed and updated when required.
FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD
FIRE- is a hazard that needs careful evaluation before extinguishing or stopping. NOT ALL
FIRES can be STOPPED by water.
Flash Point- are material is the lowest temperature at which vapors of the material will ignite,
when given an ignition source. It is a descriptive characteristic that is used to
distinguish between flammable fuels, such as petrol (gasoline in the US), and
combustible fuels, such as diesel.
Flammable Limits- Range of concentrations over which a flammable vapor mixed with air will
flash or explode if an ignition source is present.
Ω Lower Explosive Limits (LEL) - the minimum concentration of a specific combustible
gas required to fire combustion when in contact with oxygen (air). If the concentration
of the gas is below the LEL value, the mix between the gas itself and the air is too weak
to spark.
Ω Upper Explosive Limits (UEL) - is the maximum level of concentration of the gas that
will burn when mixed with oxygen; when the gas concentration is above the UEL value
for the gas/vapor, the mix is too “fat” to ignite or explode.

CLASSES OF FIRE
 CLASS A- fire started by normal combustibles such as leaves, paper, cloth,
 candle
 CLASS B- fire started by flammable liquids such as: gasoline, kerosene,
paint, alcohol, thinners
 CLASS C- fire started by energized electrical equipment such as short
circuit
or overload
 CLASS D- fire started by flammable metals such as: potassium, lithium and
sodium
 CLASS K/F- fire started by cooking oils, animal and vegetable fats
Fire extinguisher is used to stop fire from getting bigger. And prevent from damaging
properties and things. There are 8 types of fire extinguisher to use depending on the classes of
fire.
TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHER

A. WATER B. FOAM- used in Class B fire but C. CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2)

Used in Class A fire can be used in Class A fire used in Class B and Class C
fires

D. DRY CHEMICAL- E. WET CHEMICAL - F. CLEAN AGENT -

Also called as MULTI-PURPOSE Used in class K fires. Used in Class B and Class C
fires
or ABC. Used in class A, B, C but won’t damage internal parts
fires.

G. SPECIALIZED DRY POWDER- H. WATER MIST-

Used in class D fires. Primarily used in Class A
 L2- for lithium fires, also safe to use in
 M28 – for other metals Class C fires

WASTE MANAGEMENT is the activities that handle waste materials, from the time it is made
to its disposal. This includes how your business collects, transports, processes, recycles or
disposes its waste. Proper waste management is important for the protection of the
environment and for the health and safety of the population. Bad waste management practices
can also cause land and air pollution which can result in serious medical conditions in humans
and animals.
5 Types of waste management
1. Liquid Waste- includes dirty water, organic liquids, wash water, waste detergents and even
rainwater.

2. Solid Rubbish- include a variety of items found in your household along with commercial
and
industrial locations.
 Plastic waste – This consists of bags, containers, jars, bottles and many other
products.

 Paper/card waste – This includes packaging materials, newspapers, cardboards and

other products.

 Tins and metals- can be found in various forms throughout your home

 Ceramics and glass waste-Glass is found in municipal solid waste (MSW),

primarily
in the form of containers such as beer and soft drink bottles; wine and
liquor bottles; and bottles and jars for food, cosmetics and other
products.

• Organic Waste- all food waste, garden waste, manure and rotten meat.
4. Recyclable Rubbish- includes all waste items that can be converted into products that can
be used again.

5. Hazardous Waste- all types of rubbish that are flammable, corrosive and reactive.

PHILIPPINE CLEAN AIR ACT OF 1999

(R.A. 8749)

The Act provides for the creation of a national program of air pollution management
focusing primarily on pollution prevention; for the promotion of mass media communication in
order to create social awareness and active participation in air quality planning and monitoring.

Article 2
Definition of Terms
Section 5. Definitions - As used in this Act:
a)"Air pollutant" means any matter found in the atmosphere other than oxygen, nitrogen,
water
vapor, carbon dioxide, and the inert gases in their natural or normal concentrations, that is
detrimental to health or the environment, which includes but not limited to smoke, dust, soot,
cinders, fly ash, solid particles of any kind, gases, fumes, chemical mists, steam and radio-
active
substances;
b)"Air pollution" means any alteration of the physical, chemical and biological properties of
the atmospheric air, or any discharge thereto of any liquid, gaseous or solid substances that
will or is likely to create or to render the air resources of the country harmful, detrimental, or
injurious to public health, safety or welfare or which will adversely affect their utilization for
domestic, commercial, industrial, agricultural, recreational, or other legitimate purposes;
c) "Ambient air quality guideline values" mean the concentration of air over specified
periods classified as short-term and long-term which are intended to serve as goals or
objectives for the protection of health and/or public welfare. These values shall be used for air
quality management purposes such as determining time trends, evaluating stages of
deterioration or enhancement of the air quality, and in general, used as basis for taking
positive action in preventing, controlling, or abating air pollution;
d) "Ambient air quality" means the general amount of pollution present in a broad area; and
refers to the atmosphere's average purity as distinguished from discharge measurements
taken at the source of pollution;
e)"Certificate of Conformity" means a certificate issued by the Department of Environment
and Natural Resources to a vehicle manufacturer/assembler or importer certifying that a
particular new vehicle or vehicle type meets the requirements provided under this Act and its
rules and regulations;
f) "Department" means the Department of Environment and Natural Resources;
g) "Eco-profile" means the geographical-based instrument for planners and decision-makers
which present an evaluation of the environmental quality and carrying capacity of an area. It is
the result of the integration of primary and secondary data and information on natural
resources and anthropogenic activities on the land which are evaluated by various
environmental risk assessment and forecasting methodologies that enable the Department to
anticipate the type of development control necessary in the planning area;
h) "Emission" means any air contaminant, pollutant, gas stream or unwanted sound from a
known source which is passed into the atmosphere;
j) "Hazardous substances" mean those substances which present either: (1) short-term
acute hazards such as acute toxicity by ingestion, inhalation, or skin absorption, corrosively or
other skin or eye contact hazard or the risk of fire explosion; or (2) long-term toxicity upon
repeated exposure, carcinogenicity which in some cases result in acute exposure but with a
long latent period), resistance to detoxification process such as biodegradation, the potential to
pollute underground or surface waters;
k) "Infectious waste" means that portion of medical waste that could transmit an infectious
disease;
l.) "Medical waste" means the materials generated as a result of patient diagnosis, treatment,
or immunization of human beings or animals;
m) "Mobile source" means any vehicle propelled by or through combustion of carbon-based
or other fuel, constructed and operated principally for the conveyance of persons or the
transportation of property or goods;
n) "Motor vehicle" mean any vehicle propelled by a gasoline or diesel engine or by any other
than human or animal power, constructed and operated principally for the conveyance of
persons or the transportation of property or goods in a public highway or street open to public
use;
o) "Municipal waste" means the waste materials generated from communities within a
specific locality;
p) "New vehicle" means a vehicle constructed entirely from new parts that has never been
sold or registered with the DOTC or with the appropriate agency or authority, and operated on
the highways of the Philippines, any foreign state or country;
q) "Octane Rating or the Anti-Knock Index (AKI)" means the rating of the antiknock
characteristics of a grade or type of automotive gasoline as determined by dividing by two (2)
the sum of the Research Octane Number (RON), plus the Motor Octane Number (MON); the
octane requirement, with respect to automotive gasoline for use in a motor vehicle or a class
thereof, whether imported, manufactured, or assembled by a manufacturer, shall refer to the
minimum octane rating of such automotive gasoline which such manufacturer recommends for
the efficient operation of such motor vehicle, or a substantial portion of such class, without
knocking.
r) "Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS)" mean those substances that significantly deplete or
otherwise modify the ozone layer in a manner that is likely to result in adverse effects on
human health and the environment such as, but not limited to, chlorofluorocarbons, halons,
and the like;
s) "Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)" mean the organic compounds that persist in the
environment, bio accumulate through the food web, and pose a risk of causing adverse effects
to human health and the environment. These compounds resist photolytic, chemical and
biological degradation, which shall include but not be limited to dioxin, furan, Polychlorinated
Biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides, such as aldrin, dieldrin, DDT,
hexachlorobenzene, lindane, toxaphere and chlordane.
t) "Poisonous and toxic fumes" mean any emissions and fumes which are beyond
internationally accepted standards, including but not limited to World Health Organization
(WHO) guideline values;
u) "Pollution control device" means any device or apparatus used to prevent, control or
abate the pollution of air caused by emissions from identified pollution sources at levels within
the air pollution control standard established by the Department;
v) "Pollution control technology" means the pollution control devices, production processes,
fuel combustion processes or other means that effectively prevent or reduce emissions or
effluent;
w) "Standard of performance" means a standard for emissions of air pollutant which reflects
the degree of emission limitation achievable through the application of the best system of
emission reduction, taking into account the cost of achieving such reduction and any non-air
quality health and environmental impact and energy requirement which the Department
determines, and adequately demonstrates; and
x) "Stationary source" means any building or immobile structure, facility or installation which
emits or may emit any air pollutant.

Task 1- Multiple Choice.

Read the question carefully. Write the letter of your choice in your answer sheet.

1. What is the purpose of risk assessment?

A. It prevents accidents and injuries at work
B. It protect workers and your businesses from problems and lawsuits
C. It will protect your workers and your business, as well as complying with law
D. It follow with the labor code and protect welfare of workers
2. What is R.A. 8749?
A. Ecological Solid Waste Management
B.Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act
C. Promote Environmental Awareness through Environmental Education
D. Philippine Clean Air Act

3. In doing risk assessment, when are you going to decide who may be harmed, and how?

A. Once the number of hazards have been identified

B. If the findings has been written down
C. Once the assessment has been reviewed
D. On the day the risk assessment is done
 4. What do call any alteration of the physical, chemical and biological properties of the
atmospheric air?

A. Air Pollutant B. Emission C. Air Pollution D. Ozone Depleting

Substance

5. What are items found in your household along with commercial and industrial locations?

A. Liquid Waste B. Solid Waste D. Recyclable Waste D. Hazardous Waste

6. What are the substances that significantly deplete or otherwise modify the ozone layer in
a manner that is likely to result in adverse effects on human health and the environment?
A. Poisonous and toxic fumes C. Persistent Organic Pollutants
B. Ozone Depleting Substances D. Emission

7. What do you call an air contaminant, pollutant, gas stream or unwanted sound from a
known source which is passed into the atmosphere?

A. Poisonous and toxic fumes C. Persistent Organic Pollutants

B. Ozone Depleting Substances D. Emission

8. These are activities that handle waste materials, from the time it is made to its disposal.
This includes how your business collects, transports, processes, recycles or disposes its
waste.

A. Recycling B. Waste C. Solid Waste D. Solid Waste and

Management Management Recycling Program
9. Substances which present either: short-term acute hazards or long-term toxicity upon
repeated exposure.
A. Poisonous and toxic fumes C. Emission
B. Hazardous substances D. Infectious Waste

10. These material is the lowest temperature at which vapors of the material will ignite, when
given an ignition source.
A. Flammable Limits B. Flash Point C. Lower Explosive D. Upper
Limits Explosive

Task 2
Create a brochure on 5 DIFFERENT WASTE MANAGEMENT put it on a LONG
SIZE BOND PAPER.

Below are samples of brochures. You can use them as guide. Be creative on your brochure.
You can draw it or use cut out from newspapers or magazines for your brochures.
 Lesson 4
Procedures in Controlling Hazards

All workplace hazards (chemical, physical, ergonomic, psychological, biological) can be

controlled by a variety of methods. The goal of controlling hazards is to prevent workers from
being exposed to occupational hazards.
Some methods of hazard control are more efficient than others, but a combination of methods
usually provides a safer workplace than relying on only one method. Some methods of control
are cheaper than others but may provide the most effective way to reduce exposure.
CONTROLLING HAZARDS IN THE WORKPLACE
HAZARD CONTROL PROGRAM- consists of all steps necessary to protect workers from
exposure to a substance or system, training, procedures required to monitor worker exposure
and their health hazards.
HIERARCHY OF CONTROL- a system used in industry to minimize or eliminate exposure to
hazards. A widely accepted system promoted by numerous safety organization.
SIX (6) STEPS IN CONTROLLING HAZARDS
1.Identify the hazard- identify the source of the problem.
2.Assess the risk- the term assessment refers to the wide variety of methods or tools use
to evaluate, measure, and document the readiness, progress, skill
acquisition, or needs of the workplace.
3.Eliminate the hazard- physically removing the hazard. The most effective way of
controlling hazard.
4.Substitution- involves replacing something that produces a hazard with something that
does not produce a hazard.
5.Engineering Control- changing a piece of machine or isolate people from hazard.
6.Administrative Control- are training, procedure, policy, or shift designs that lessen the
threat of a hazard to an individual. Typically change the
behavior
of people

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)

Personal Protective Equipment are designed to protect the wearer’s body from injury or
infection. Below are the different categories of personal protective equipment.
CATEGORIES OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
 HARD HAT- used to protect head from falling hazard. Hard hats have different color. Those
colors are not only to make it more attractive but a sign or message of what type of job the
person is working on the site.
 RESPIRATORY PROTECTION- includes disposable masks, full and half masks and
respirators. Used to protect the individual wearer against the inhalation of hazardous
substances in the workplace.

 EYE PROTECTION- are intended to shield the wearer’s eye from impact hazards such as
flying fragments, objects, large chips and particles. This prevents objects from entering under
or around the eyes.

 EAR PROTECTION – used to prevent noise that induced hearing loss. It reduces the noise
energy reaching and causing damage to the inner ear to the inner ear.
 PROTECTIVE SUIT- a clothing used by workers to protect/shield the body from body from
workplace hazards.

 GLOVES- used to protect workers hand from most water solution, acids, alkalis, salts and
ketones. Frequently used to protect against contact with blood or other potentially infectious
materials.

 SAFETY HARNESS- is a form of protective equipment designed to protect a person,

animal,
or object from injury or damage. The harness is an attachment between a stationary and non-
stationary object and is usually fabricated from rope, cable or webbing and locking hardware.
  STEEL SHOE/STEEL BOOTS/SAFETY SHOES-it helps prevent foot injuries.

FUNCTIONS OF SAFETY SHOES

1.PROTECT FROM FALLING AND FLYING OBJECT- effectively prevent crushing \
injuries to the feet.
2.PROTECT FROM PUNCTURES- the heavy-duty soles and thick materials surrounding
the foot offer the best protection from sharp objects.
3.PROTECT FROM CUTTING HAZARDS- some safety shoes are made of cut resistant
materials that will protect workers from cutting their feet.
4.PROTECT FROM ELECTRICAL HAZARDS- it reduces the amount of static that
accumulates on the body preventing static that accumulates on the
body, preventing static electric spark.
5.PREVENT SLIPS, TRIPS & FALLS- footwear that fits well and with proper traction can
help prevent fall and can also help improve balance which will help
prevent slips and trips.
6.PREVENT FATIGUE- safety shoes are made with adequate cushioning and arc
support
can make people more comfortable which alleviates strain on the
muscle.
7.PREVENT BURNS- safety shoes are made of durable materials that can prevent
burns
from chemical splashes, molten metal splashes and other dangerous
substances that could injured the skin on the feet.
8.PROTECT FROM EXTREME WEATHER- safety shoes keep the feet warm thus,
preventing hypothermia and frost bite.

PERSONAL HYGIENE- is a very important method of controlling hazards. Your employer

should provide facilities so you can wash and or/take a shower every day at the end of your
shift, no matter what your job is. Was your skin and hair with mild soap, rinse and dry your skin
completely to protect it. Washing hands regularly and eating and smoking away from work
area help to prevent ingesting contaminants.
Lack of personal cleanliness can affect your family’s health. Your family can be exposed to
hazards you work with if you bring chemicals and other workplace contaminants home with
you on your clothes. Before you leave work, wash/shower and change your clothes when
necessary to prevent bringing workplace contaminants home.

If you wear protective clothing at work, such as aprons, laboratory coats, overalls, etc. these
should be cleaned regularly, and you should inspect them for holes or areas that that are worn-
 out. Inspect your underclothes at home for any signs of contamination with oils, solvents, etc. If
you find any signs, it means your protective clothing at work is not effective.

1. General cleanliness in the workplace is an important method of controlling hazards.

2. Good housekeeping reduces the risk of fire and cost- effective.
3. Good housekeeping measures should be planned when work process are in the
design stage.
4. Safety signs are NOT a method of hazard control.
5. Personal cleanliness is an important method of controlling hazards.
6. Your employer should provide facilities so you can wash and/or take shower every
day.
7. Before you leave work, wash/shower and change your clothes when necessary to
prevent bringing workplace contaminants home to your family.
8. Leave your dirty clothes at work. If you must wash them at home, wash them
separately – never wash your work clothes with your family’s wash.
9. Your protective clothing should be cleaned regularly. Inspect your protective for holes
and worn areas that could leave you open to exposure.
10. Inspect your undergarments for signs of contamination.
11. Your
FIRST AIDworkplace shouldemergency
TREATMENT- have at least minimal of
treatment first-aid
illnessfacilities.
or injury in order to maintain life, to
ease pain and to prevent deterioration of the patient’s condition until professional medical help
can obtained.

FIRST AID KIT AND FACILITY- the Occupational Safety and Health Regulations require the
employer to provide first aid facilities. The provision of first aid facilities and services starts with
identifying all the hazards in the work environment that could lead to injury or harm to the
health of people at the workplace. This should be done in consultation with employees and
their elected safety and health representatives.

EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS – process of ensuring that an organization has complied

with the preventive measures is in state of readiness to contain the effects of a forecasted
disastrous event to minimize loss of life, injury and damage to property, can provide rescue,
relief, rehabilitation and other services in the aftermath of the disaster and has the capability
and resources to continue to sustain the essential functions without being overwhelmed by the
demand placed on the them. In other words, it is the first and immediate response in time of
disaster.

Task 1
A. Directions: Identify the color of hard hat to be used by this workers.

Blue White Orange Green

Yellow Brown Red

1. Carpentry _____________________
2. Laborer _____________________
3. Welder _____________________
4. Foreman _____________________
5. Safety Officer _____________________

B. Fill- up the missing letters

1. It protects a person from inhalation hazard
R__S__I__A__O__Y P__O__E__T__O__

2. Used to protect eyes from hazards

__A__E__Y __O__GL__S

3. Used to protect feet

S__F__T__ S__O__S

4. Protect body from infections and hazards

P__O__E__T__V__ __U__T

5. Protect head from falling hazards

H__R__ H__T
C. True or False. Write TRUE if the statement is true and FALSE if the statement
is not true.
_________1. Both helmet and hard hat can be used in protecting the head.
_________2. Emergency preparedness will not save life in disastrous events.
_________3. Personal hygiene is not important in hazard control.
_________4. First aid can both save and lose life
_________5. PPE is used to protect body from injury.

Task 2
ENCHANCEMENT ACTIVITY
Directions: Write your answers in a short size bond paper.

State the different measures on preventing these diseases.

1. Dengue
2. Typhoid (Tipus)
3. Tuberculosis (TB)
4. Common Cold (Sipon)
5. Measles (Tigdas)

ANSWER KEY
TASK 1 TASK 2- ENCHANCEMENT ACTIVITY
A.
1. Blue 1. DENGUE- Fogging, Cleaning of breeding grounds
2. Yellow of mosquitoes, proper disposal of garbage
3. Brown
4. White 2. THYPOID (Tipus)- Clean water source, proper garbage
5. Green disposal, Wash and cook
vegetables,
B. meat and fish properly.
1. Respiratory Protection
2. Safety Protection 3. TUBERCULOSIS (TB)- Wash hand properly after
3. Safety Shoes coughing, cover mouth after coughing,
4. Protective Suit separate utensils used by patient, isolate
5. Hard Hat
C. 4. COMMON COLD (Sipon)- Cover nose when sneezing,
1. True throw used tissue after used in garbage bin, wash
2. False hands properly
3. False
4. True 5. MEASLES (Tigdas)- Isolate patient, separate utensils
5. True used by patient, sanitize,