7-8 `Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education

TECHNOLOGY AND
LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION
HOME ECONOMICS-CAREGIVING

CAREGIVING
EXPLORATORY COURSE
GRADE 7 AND GRADE 8

MODULE 1
 IDENTIFY CAREGIVING TOOLS, EQUIPMENT, AND
PARAPHERNALIA APPLICABLE TO A SPECIFIC JOB

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this lesson, you are expected to do the following:

 Identify caregiving tools, equipment, and paraphernalia applicable to the specific job
 Differentiate different caregiving tools, equipment, and paraphernalia applicable to the
specific job
 Value the importance of caregiving tools, equipment, and paraphernalia applicable to
the specific job

CONTENT STANDARD
 The learner demonstrates understanding on the use of tools, equipment, and
paraphernalia in caregiving.

PERFORMANCE STANDARD
The learner independently uses tools, equipment, and paraphernalia in caregiving.

MELC CODE Integration:

TLE_HEUTCG7/8-0a-b-1 Subject: Science- Grade 4-2nd Quarter- S4LT-IIa-b-2
Communicate that the major organs work together to make the
body function properly.
Subject: TLE- Grade 6 HE -TLE6HE-0c-6
Identifies supplies/ materials and tools needed for the project

PRE-TEST
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answers and write in your answer sheets.
1. Which of the following devices used in measuring human body temperature?
A. Glucometer B. sphygmomanometer C. stethoscope D. thermometer
2. What device is used to measure blood pressure?
A. Glucometer B. Sphygmomanometer C. Stethoscope D. thermometer
3.What is the equipment used in helping a patient with an illness, injury, or disability access
to toilet?
A. cane B. commode C. walker D. wheelchair
4. The following tools are used in getting patient basic vital signs, EXCEPT:
A. glucometer B.commode C. walker D. wheelchair
5. Which of the following equipment aid patient mobility?
A. blender B. cane C. commode D. urinal
6. Which of the following is NOT a function of a stethoscope?
A. listening to lung sound C. listening to the abdominal sound
B. counting rate of breathing D. listening and counting heartbeat
7.What personal protective equipment will you wear to protect your skin from
contamination
while rendering care to a patient such as wound care, or dealing with human waste?
A. disinfectant B. disposable gloves C. face mask D. forceps
8.What type of thermometer is used when body temperature is taken by ear?
A. glass thermometer C. plastic strip thermometer
B. pacifier thermometer D. tympanic thermometer
9. Which of the following is NOT a skincare supply?
A. anti-bacterial soap B. bandage C. lotion D. shampoo
10. Which of the following is NOT included in wound care supplies?
A. bandage scissor B. gauze C. gluco strips D. plaster
11. A sphygmomanometer is a device used to assess patient’s_______________________.
A. blood pressure B.oxygen saturation C. pulse rate D. respiratory rate
12. What specialized bed is for infants or toddlers?
A. carrier B. crib C. hammock D. stroller
13. The following equipment is for food preparation, EXCEPT:
A. blender B. dishwasher C. food processor D. juicer
14. What tool is used to provide hot compress?
A. basin B. hand towel C. hot water bag D. ice bag
15.Which of the following thermometers can detect body temperature in a distance?
A. digital thermometer C. infrared thermometer
B. glass thermometer D. tympanic thermometer

LESSON 1.1 Classify equipment, tools, and

1 paraphernalia according to types, and
functions
DEFINITON OF TERMS:
Body temperature-a measure of how well your body can make and get rid of heat.
Blood Pressure-the pressure of blood pushing against the walls of your arteries
Breathing Rate-the number of breaths you take per minute
Caregiving-Providing care for the daily needs of someone that is unable to care for
themselves.
Devices-a thing made or adapted for a particular purpose, especially a piece of mechanical
or electronic equipment.
Grooming-refers to the things that people do to keep themselves clean and make their face,
hair, and skin look nice.
Equipment-the necessary items for a particular purpose.
Excretion-the process of eliminating or expelling waste matter.
Extremity-the furthest point or limit of something.
Health worker-anyone who works in a healthcare or social care setting
Heart Rate-the frequency of the heartbeat measured by the number of contractions of the
heart per minute.
Infant-is the very young offspring of human beings
Mobility-the ability to move freely or be easily moved
Paraphernalia-often used to describe the tools, accessories, or objects that are used in
various fields
Spoilage-the process where a food product becomes unsuitable to ingest by the
consumer.
Vital signs-are measurements of the body's most basic functions.
1.1 Classify equipment, tools, and paraphernalia according to types, and function

Every person has basic physiological needs such as food, elimination, comfortable
environment, and mobility. Due to the patient’s illness, injury, and disability, he/she needs
assistance in meeting these needs. To provide the needed care, caregivers must use tools,
equipment, and paraphernalia in aiding him/ her in the delivery of healthcare services.

WHAT’S IN
In this grid, names of caregiving tools, equipment and paraphernalia are hidden.
Locate as many as you can, list down the words you’ve found in the box below the grid.
 S T H E B A S I N E A S G O D U
T P U L S E O X I M E T E R S R
E P H C H C O S E J N P B E O I
T E P Y L O E C R U T C E S H N
H O L Y G M A S K I A A D D D A
O E A R L M Y L O C V N L D G L
S L O T H O O E Y E O E I R O E
C L V E S D W M W R I T N H W O
O H A M P E R M A P A S E S N O
P N K I N D N E L N S S N H U M
E I L I T Y G E K N O T S L E N
N A I L C U T T E R V M E S S D
G O G G L E S A R N E D E P A R
T B L E N D E R I E N N C T E I
W A T C H C O V E R A L L S E E
P O T S R O T A R E G I R F E R

Words you’ve found:

Vital signs (VS) reflect the evidence of life such as temperature, heart
rate, respiration rate, blood pressure, blood oxygen, weight, blood glucose
level. Health workers monitor these signs using devices.
ACTIVITY 1. LIFELINE!
Directions: Identify the devices used in monitoring vital signs. Write it in your answer
sheets.
VITAL SIGNS
1. Blood pressure

2. Body temperature A. stethoscope B. sphygmomanometer

3. Heart rate

4. Breathing rate

C. watch D. thermometer
Caregiving tools, equipment and paraphernalia can be categorized according to the
function it may serve. In the next activity, your ability to identify the device which is odd
from the group will be assessed.

ACTIVITY 2: ODD ONE OUT!

Directions: Pick out the letter of the ODD item from the group and explain the reason of
your choice in your answer sheets.

Example:

A B C D E

Reason: D. The odd item among the group is the spoon, for it is used for feeding while the
rest of the group items are for hygiene and grooming.

1.

A B C D E

Reason: _________________________________________________________________________

2.

A B C D E

Reason: _________________________________________________________________________

3.

A B C D F

Reason: _________________________________________________________________________

4.
A B C D E

Reason: _________________________________________________________________________

5.

A B C D E

Reason: _________________________________________________________________________
 WHAT IS CAREGIVING?

Providing care for the daily needs of someone that is unable to care for themselves.
The care includes addressing the physical and emotional needs of someone that requires
continuous support and attention. The individual could be loved one or a friend. Mostly
caregiving occurs in the home.

ROLES/ DUTIES
 Balancing checkbook
 Grocery shopping
 Assisting doctor’s appointment
 Giving medication
 Feeding
 Grooming
 Emotional Support
 Mobility Support
 Personal supervision
 Transportation
 Basic food preparation
 Housekeeping
 Health monitoring

SKILLS OF A CAREGIVER
 Attention to details
 Time Management Skills
 Strong Problem-Solving Abilities
 Excellent Written and Verbal Communication
 Superb Interpersonal Skills
 Compassion for Others and Positive Attitude

WHAT IS IT
After you have completed various activities in identifying, and classifying
various caregiving devices, this section discusses the various caregiving tools, equipment
and paraphernalia that is categorically presented according to the following functions:

The 7 Vital Signs are:

Body Temperature
Pulse Rate
Respiration Rate
Blood Pressure
Blood Oxygen
Weight
Blood Glucose Level
A. FOR VITAL SIGNS (VS) TAKING

Vital signs are a measurement of the body’s most basic functions such as body
temperature, pulse rate, breathing rate, and blood pressure. The following are devices used
to measure vital signs:
I. Thermometer- a device used in measuring body core temperature. The following are the
different types of thermometers:
Types of Thermometer Functions
A. Glass and Mercury Thermometer The old device, although it gives an accurate
(GMT) reading, the use of this is longer
recommended
due to the risk of mercury poisoning.

B. Digital Thermometer (DT)
C. Infrared Thermometer
D. Tympanic/ Ear Thermometer
2. Stethoscope- an instrument for auscultation or listening to sounds produced by the body
such as lung, heart, gastrointestinal tract, and even fetal heart sounds.
Read the fastest with the same accuracy
as GMT. Widely used because of its
safety, and availability in local pharmacies
It is battery-operated and ensures that
batteries are charged for an accurate reading.
A type of thermometer that measures
temperature from a distance (non-contact)
Yet, readings may not be accurate because
the reflection of radiation from a much
hotter body including the one holding the
device may be measured instead of the
person being measure resulting in an
inaccurate reading.
Uses infrared technology in reading
temperature. It is fast and convenient,
especially for children. The reading may
not be accurate especially if there is too
much pressure of wax in the ear.
3. Sphygmomanometer- an instrument measuring blood pressure along with the use of the
stethoscope in listening to the knocking sound while observing with values in
the sphygmomanometer.

Types of
Advantages Disadvantages
Sphygmomanometers
1.Mercury Simple and durable and Bulky and must be carefully
Sphygmomanometer produce accurate handled preventing damage to the
readings without any tube contained mercury. This is not
readjustments suitable for household for household
or recalibrations. use and may be difficult for a
person difficult with hearing and
visual disabilities. Reading must be
done at flat surface at eye level.
2. Aneroid Portable and cheaper Delicate and risky for bumping or
Sphygmomanometer and can be placed at any dropping the gauge. Needs regular
position for easy checks of its internal mechanism for
reading recalibration maybe necessary for an
accurate reading. People with visual
or hearing disabilities may not use
this device.
3.Digital Very compact and Very delicate and must be handled
Sphygmomanometer portable. Extremely with care. Repairing for damage
easy to use and may be complicated and commonly
preferred for home serviced by manufacturer only. May
monitoring. produce inaccurate readings, thus
cross-checking with conventional
sphygmomanometer is
recommended.

4.Watch with second - heart, pulse, and breath rate per minute is measured using a
hand watch with second hand.

5.Pulse Oximetry - the main function of this device is to measure the amount of
oxygen level in the blood, but it doesn’t just measure the
oxygen saturation level but also pulse rate.
B. FOR FEEDING
EQUIPMENT
 1.Blender- an appliance that aims to crush, liquefy, or emulsify food
resulting to thick consistency and smooth texture. Helpful in patient
receiving a blended diet.

2. Juicer- an appliance for juicing which is beneficial to clients with

special diets or preference.

3. Coffee Maker- an appliance used to brew coffee which is beneficial

for a patient with coffee preference or receiving coffee as part of his/ her
clear liquid diet.
4.Bread Toaster- Aid in preparing toasted bread usually at breakfast or
as preferred by the patient.

5.Food Processor- An appliance that can perform multiple tasks like

chopping, grinding, shredding, slicing and even making puree which is
beneficial for any type of diet or patient preference.

6. Microwave Oven (Digital)- An appliance used to heat or reheat

cooked foods or even cook or bake a variety of foods.

7. Oven (Electric, Gas)- An appliance used to cook a variety of foods.

Electric oven spreads heat evenly thus food cook quickly slows to cool
down. Easy to clean but costly.

8.Stove (Electric, Gas)- An appliance for cooking a variety of food.

9.Refrigerator- An appliance that keeps food cold to prevent spoilage.

10. Bottle Sterilizer- To mainly sterilize feeding bottles, however this

may serve as a food warmer or milk warmer.

11. Dishwasher/ drier- an appliance that will wash and dry dishes used
in feeding. This ensures that aftercare is conveniently and efficiently
carried out.

.
TOOLS
1.Airpot- to keep water hot for a variety of purposes.

2. Kettle – Specialized for boiling water

3. Chinaware/ Silverware- Essential for dining

4.Pots and Pans- Serve as food containers in cooking food. Pot isgenerally used
for cooking liquid foods, while pan is used for sauteing and or frying.

5. Cooking Utensils- For cooking a variety of dishes, each serves

specific purpose e.g. spatula, ladle, turner, whisk, knives, tongs,
measuring devices such as measuring cups and spoon, peeler,
can opener, and many more.
6.Cutting Board- A board where materials to be cut is placed.
This is a common tool in food preparation.

7.Mixing Bowl- This is where batter, creams, sauce, salad or dressing is

mixed. Very common in food preparation.

8. Feeding utensils for baby- Feeding essential for babies are designedto meet
specific needs

9. Bottle Brush- Designed to clean feeding bottles thoroughly.

10. Apron- To protect clothes from stains during the food preparation process.

11. Baby Bottle- Essentials in feeding an infant.

12. Bib- Essentials feeding paraphernalia specialized in preventing

infant clothes soiled from food.

13.Tablecloth and napkin- Feeding paraphernalia that keeps patient

dry.

14. Coffee, cream, and sugar- Materials meeting patient

liquid preferences.

15. Condiments- Added to food for flavor. These are materials in

meeting patient food preferences.

B. GROOMING AND HYGIENE

TOOLS
Basin- A tool generally used for washing and essential in hand
washing foot washing and bed bath.
 Emesis/Kidney Basin- The kidney basin is used to receive soiled
dressing or any medical waste.
Shampoo Basin-Specialized tools for shampooing. A portable
shampoo basin is commonly inflatable.

Baby Bathtub- Essential for bathing an infant.

Towel/ Towelette- Used to pat skin dry after bathing or washing.

These are Also used in getting any dirt from the body. Towels vary in
sizes, face towels are smaller than hand towels, while the body towels
are larger to accommodate client’s body size.
Clean Baby Layette/ Patient Gown - Essentials after a bath, cover the
client’s body, providing warmth and protection

Grooming Kit: Hairbrush, comb, nail cutter, nail brush- Essentials in

nail care and hair care in keeping clients clean.

C. ELIMINATION AND EXCRETION

EQUIPMENT
Commode- A commode is a portable toilet for its toilet bowl is
removable for easy.

TOOLS
Urinals And Bedpans
Bedpans- are used for elimination by bed-confined patients
2 TYPES OF BEDPANS
1. Regular- larger than the fracture.
2. Fracture- has a flat end for easy use, this is for patients with hip or
lower extremity fractures.
Urinals-are shaped like a bottle, usually made
hardened plastic, a portable urinal that can hold at an average of 1L
urine designed for males and females. Used for a bed- confined patient
or a client with incontinence

D. MOBILITY
EQUIPMENT
Wheelchair- is a type of mobility aid for client’s who should not put
their weight in their lower extremities, or for those who can’t walk.
This equipment can be propelled manually by the client or by someone
else or maybe powered electrically.
Cane - is a type of mechanical aid for walking, supporting body weight
by transferring its load from the legs to the upper body. Canes have 2
 types: 1 Straight-legged cane and 2. Quad cane- its base has 4 legs
which provide maximum support.
Walker- provide more support than a cane can offer. It has 4 legs
which provide rubberized tips and handgrips. The client must have at
least partial strength on his/her upper extremities and can bear just
even half of the weight of his/ her lower extremities.

TOOL
Crutch-is another type of mechanical aid for walking, where weight is
transferred from lower extremity to shoulder/ upper extremity. It
comes in different types such as axillary crutches and forearm crutches.
It may
be used as 1 or in pairs.

D. CLEAN AND COMFORTABLE ENVIRONMENT

EQUIPMENT
Bed-A hospital bed is a bed specially designed for a patient receiving
healthcare services, it has adjustable features for clients’ comfort and
healthcare workers’ convenience
Crib- A hospital crib is a specialized bed for infants or toddlers, also
known as safety bed or enclosed bed.

Washing Machine- An electrically powered machine for washing soiled

clothes and linens.

Vacuum Cleaner- An electrically powered machine used to suction dust

from the floor other surfaces.

TOOLS
Bed Lines (Flat Sheet, Fitted Sheet, Draw Sheet, Rubber Sheet) Pillow
and Pillowcase-Clean and well- fitted bed sheets significantly provide
the client’s quality rest comfort in bed. Pillows covered with case gives
the client a comfortable sleep by providing support to the head and
upper back, keeping good posture even at sleep.
Glove (household)- Household gloves protect the hand from harmful
detergents and other chemicals in cleaning.

Garbage bin/bag- Garbage bags and bins are very essential in waste
disposal in the aftercare of every procedure. Hospitals employed color-
coding bins to ensure the segregation of toxic and non- toxic garbage.
Clothes hamper-A hamper is a collector bin for soiled clothing and
linens.
E. FIRST AID KIT
TOOLS
Wound dressing kit- One of the healthcare services is providing wound
care. Compose of cleaning agents such as hydrogen peroxide and Iodine
solution, cotton balls, gauze, plaster, and bandage scissors.
Hot water bag/ Ice Cap- Most common injuries or complaints of pain
can be alleviated by providing hot and cold compress using these tools.

E. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)

TOOLS
Gloves- A medical glove is made of either latex, vinyl, or nitrile. This is
disposable it may be clean or sterile gloves.

Gown and coverall- Gown and coverall suit are important garments
worn during procedures to prevent contamination and spreading the
infection.

Face Mask-A mask is worn to reduce the risk of transmitting organisms

by droplet contact, airborne routes, and splatters of body substances It
comes in various kinds, the most common are surgical mask and a
respiratory mask, all provide a varied amount of protection. A
respiratory mask promised 95%filter capacity
Protective Eyewear- Protective eyewear such as googles, glasses or face
shields is worn to protect against potential infection.

WHAT’S MORE
Activity. List- to- Go!
Directions: List down the tools and paraphernalia to carry out a specific
caregiving task in your notebook.

1. Bathing 2. Vital Signs 3. Wound Care

List List List

4. Cleaning 5. Grooming 6. PPE

List List
List
Follow up Question:
Explain the importance of identifying and classifying basic caregiving tools,
equipment, and paraphernalia in delivering care to patients.

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

Directions: Copy the correct word to complete the sentence. Do it in your activity
sheets.
1. The surface body temperature can be assessed using (thermometer, oximeter).
2. Stethoscope and a sphygmomanometer are used in pair in assessing patients (heart
rhythm, blood pressure).
3. A protective eyewear device such as (goggles, mask) is worn against potential infection.
4. A (garbage bin, hamper) is a collector of soiled clothes or liners.
5. An electrically powered machine called (washing machine, dishwasher) which is used
for washing soiled clothing or linen.
6. A (household gloves, surgical gloves) is worn in hands against potential harm caused by
cleaning agents.
7. A (cane, crutch, wheelchair) is a type of an ambulatory assistive device recommended
for patients who should not put weight in the lower extremity.
8. Electrically powered cleaning equipment used to suction dust from surfaces is called
(dishwasher and drier, vacuum cleaner).
9. A hospital crib is a specialized bed for (infant, adult)
10. A (bedpan, urinal) is shaped like bottle and is used for excretion in bed- confined
patients.
WHAT I CAN DO
Directions: Identify the names of the numbered caregiving tools/
equipment paraphernalia in the image below. Choose your answers from the
words in the box and write it in your activity notebook.
 Foot stool Chinaware Walker Garbage bin Bed with linens and pillow
Oxygen tank with holder Bedside overbed table Intravenous fluid stand
Bedside curtain Bedside cabinet

ASSESSMENT
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answers and write these in your
answer sheets.
1. What tool is used to provide hot compress?
A. basin B. hand towel C. hot water bag D. ice bag
2. What device is used to measure blood pressure?
A. glucometer B. sphygmomanometer C. stethoscope D. thermometer
3. Which of the following is NOT a skincare supply?
A. anti-bacterial soap B. bandage C. lotion D. shampoo
4. What specialized bed is for infants or toddlers?
A. carrier B. crib C. hammock D. stroller
5. The following equipment is for food preparation, except:
A. blender B. dishwasher C. food processor D. juicer
6. Which of the following equipment aid patient mobility?
A. blender B. cane C. commode D. urinal
7. Which of the following is NOT a function of a stethoscope?
A. listening to lung breathing C. counting rate of breathing
B. listening to the abdominal sound D. listening and counting heartbeat
8. Which of the following is NOT included in wound care supplies?
A. bandage scissor B. gauze C. gluco strips D. plaster
9. The following tools are used in getting patient basic vital signs except:
A. glucometer B. stethoscope C. thermometer D. watch with second hand
10. A sphygmomanometer is a device used to assess patient’s ________________.
 A. blood pressure B. oxygen saturation C. pulse rate D. respiratory rate
11. Which of the following device used in measuring human body temperature?
A. glucometer B. sphygmomanometer C. stethoscope D. thermometer
12. What type of thermometer is used when body temperature is taken by ear?
A. glass thermometer C. plastic temperature
B. pacific thermometer D. tympanic thermometer
13. Which of the following thermometers can detect body temperature in a distance?
A. digital thermometers C. infrared thermometers
B. glass thermometers D. tympanic thermometers
14.What is used in helping a patient with an illness, injury, or disability access to a toilet?
A. cane B. commode C. walker D. wheelchair
15. What personal protective equipment will you wear to protect your skin from
contamination while rendering care to a patient such as wound care or dealing with
human waste?
A. Disinfectant B. disposable gloves C. face mask D. forceps

MODULE 2

USE OF CAREGIVING TOOLS, EQUIPMENT, AND

PARAPHERNALIA

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of the lesson your expected to:

1.Define the different uses of equipment, tools and paraphernalia based on the task
required
2.Perform the different uses of equipment, tools and paraphernalia based on the task
required
3.Express understanding of different uses of equipment, tools and paraphernalia based on
the task required.

CONTENT STANDARDS:
The learner demonstrates understanding on the use of tools, equipment, and paraphernalia
in caregiving.

PERFORMANCE STANDARDS:
The learner independently uses tools, equipment, and paraphernalia in caregiving.
MELC CODE:
TLE_HECGUT7/8-0c-d-2

PRE-TEST
Directions: Choose and write the letter of the correct answer in your answer
sheets
1. Which of the following personal protective equipment (PPE) is not worn on the face?
A. Googles B. Gown C. Respiratory Mask D. Surgical Mask
2. Which is NOT suitable protective eye equipment for health workers?
A. Face Shields B. Googles C. Prescription glasses D. Polycarbonate protective
glasses
3. What device is used for measuring body surface temperature?
A. Barometer B. Manometer C. Oximeter D. Thermometer
4. Which of the following devices is used for counting pulse?
A. Pulse Oximeter B. Stethoscope C. Watch with secondhand D. All of the above
5. In taking blood pressure, what do you call the sound heard in the stethoscope during
cuff deflation?
A. Borborygmi sound B. Korotkoff sound C. lub-dub sound D. S1 and S2 sound
6. In taking pulse rate and respiratory rate, which of the following counting method is
incorrect?
A. If irregular, count for 30 seconds C. If regular, count for 15 seconds x 4
B. Irregular, count for 60 seconds D. If regular, count for 30 seconds x 2
7. The normal pulse rate of an adult is:
A. 60- 100 rpm B. 65-105 rpm C. 120-160 rpm D. 125-135 rpm
8. An adult body surface temperature of 38.5 oC indicates that he/she is:
A. Afebrile B. Febrile C. Hyperthermia D. Hypothermia
9. An adult blood pressure of 110/80 mmHg indicates:
A. Hypertension B. Hypotension C. Normal D. Prehypertension
10.What is the unit of measurement for blood pressure?
A. Beats per minute C. Degress Fahrenheit
 B. Degree Celsius D. Millimeter of Mercury
11. A blood pressure reads 120/80 mmHg, which of these values is systolic?
A. The systolic can’t be known C. The systolic is 80 and the diastolic is 120
B. The systolic is 120 and the diastolic is 80 D. Both values 120 and 80 is the systolic
12. In taking the BP, the last soft yet clear tapping sound heard in the stethoscope is called
________.
A. Diastolic B. Pulse C. Systolic D. S1 and S2
13.What is the fifth Vital sign?
A. Blood pressure B. Pain C. Pulse rate D. Temperature
14. All of the following are done before performing caregiving services, EXCEPT:
A. Hand washing C. Verifying client’s identity
B. Providing privacy D. Disposal of soiled materials
15. In donning PPE, which of the following statements is correct?
A. Inspect that all PPE is in right fit and good quality
B. Perform hand hygiene before donning gloves, gowns, masks, and face shields
C. No, special technique is necessary when donning clean disposable gloves, except
for sterile gloves
D. In PPE, donning preparation, remove personal items such as a watch, jewelry,
except for cell phones and pens.

LESSON 2.1 Use equipment, tools and

2 paraphernalia based on the task
requirement.

DEFINITION OF TERMS:
Afebrile- free from fever
Apical Pulse- a pulse point on your chest that gives the most accurate reading of your heart
rate.
Artery- a major blood vessel that carries blood away from your heart
Axillary Temperature- armpit method is a convenient way to take a child's temperature,
especially for kids who can't hold a thermometer in their mouths.
Brachial Artery- brachial artery is palpated on the anterior aspect of the elbow by gently
pressing the artery against the underlying bone with the middle and index
fingers. Commonly used to measure blood pressure with a stethoscope and
sphygmomanometer.
Bulb- a rounded dilation or expansion of something cylindrical
Cuff- a fold or band serving as a trimming or finish for the bottom of a sleeve.
Diaphragm- a muscle that helps you inhale and exhale (breathe in and out).
Diastolic- measures the pressure in your arteries when your heart rests between beats.
Disinfected- clean (something), especially with a chemical, in order to destroy bacteria.
Febrile- having or showing the symptoms of a fever
Forearm- the part of a person's arm extending from the elbow to the wrist or the fingertips.
Gauge- an instrument or device for measuring the magnitude, amount, or contents of
something, typically with a visual display of such information.
Graduation marks- a marking used to indicate points
Hyperthermia-an abnormally high body temperature — or overheating.
Korotkoff sound- generated when a blood pressure cuff changes the flow of blood through
the artery. These sounds are heard through either a stethoscope or a
doppler
that is placed distal to the blood pressure cuff
Mercury- a very toxic or poisonous substance
mmHg- millimeters of mercury
Muffled- not loud because of being obstructed in some way
Pyrexia- raised body temperature, fever.
Pulse- the number of times your heart beats in one minute.
Radial pulse- pulse of the radial artery (felt in the wrist)
Respiratory- includes the nose, mouth, throat, voice box, windpipe, and lungs.
Soiled-dirty, unclean
Systolic- measures the pressure in your arteries when your heart beats.
Caregiving tools, equipment, and paraphernalia are partners of a caregiver. He/she
needs to familiarize the proper uses of the caregiving tools, equipment, and paraphernalia
to ensure the effective, efficient, and convenient ways of delivering basic caregiving
services.

WHAT’S IN
Directions: Match the caregiving procedures in Column A to its device in
Column B. Write the letter of the correct answer in your activity notebook.
Column A Column B

1. Inserted in the middle of the armpit A. Gown

2. Insert earpiece in the ear, while the head B. Face Mask

is on the chest
3. Wrap cuff in the upper arm, place gauge C. Stethoscope
at an eye-level

4.Place over the bridge of the nose, Secure D. Thermometer

Loops around the ears

5. Slide arms and hands through the sleeves, E. Sphygmomanometer

Secure it by fastening the ties

Activity 1. The Basic of VS

A. The Heat in You!
Directions: Read the surface body temperature depicted in every thermometer
below.

37oC
Example:
Note: The long lines depict a whole temperature, while the shorter lines in between the long
lines depict an increase of 0.1 degrees in temperature.

1. _________oC

2. _________oC

_________oC
3.

4. _________oC

5. _________oC

B. Read the gauge!

Directions: Study the example below and read the pressure depicted in the gauge of a
sphygmomanometer.

Short line =2

Graduation lines

Long bold lines have interval =20,

the long line between th4m =10

How to read?
Look at where in the graduation marks the dial is pointing, ask yourself the following:
a. What range does it fall? This one falls within the range 40-60 mmHg.
b. Is it above or below the middle line of the range? If it is above the middle line, then add
10 from the lowest range (4 mmHg), making your initial reading to 50 mmHg.
c. How about the shorter line? Note that every short line is equal to 2. In this example, the
dial pointed 1 short line above the middle line. This means that you add 2 from 50mmHg,
resulting in the final reading 52 mmHg.

Note: Millimeter of mercury (mmHg) is the unit of measure used to record blood
pressure.

Try this:

1. 2. 3.
 4. 5.

WHAT IS IT
Basic caregiving services are made possible with the aid of tools,
equipment, and paraphernalia. To be able to provide these services, this module will guide
you on how to use these tools, equipment, and paraphernalia according to its intended
function:
A. VITAL SIGNS (VS) TAKING
With the advent of electronic devices in talking VS, caregivers save a significant
amount
of time in assessing VS, however, this is not readily accessible due to cost. Because of this,
we can’t avoid taking VS manually. Taking VS manually usually took an average of 5
minutes. To do this, you start with taking the body temperature since this will take you
more time of waiting, while waiting for the temperature reading, take the pulse rate,
followed by the respiratory rate, then the blood pressure, by the time you’re recording the 3
VS, the thermometer is also done in measuring client’s temperature. Additionally, assessing
patients’ pain is the 5th VS.
How to take VS:
Preparation:
1. Check that all tools, paraphernalia, and equipment for VS taking are complete and
functioning normally.
Before the procedure:
1. Introduce yourself, and ask for the client’s complete name, then explain the
procedure to your client and its importance.
2. Perform hand hygiene and appropriate infection control.
3. Provide client privacy.
4. Place the client in an appropriate position.
Checking Axillary or Armpit temperature
GLASS AND MERCURY THERMOMETER
1. Prepare the glass thermometer, grasp the stem at
the opposite end from the bulb.
2.Bring it to an eye- level, rotate if necessary to see
the mercury shaft.
3. If the mercury is above the starting point, flick
your wrist sharply to shake it down.
4. Once ready, insert the bulb in the middle of the
armpit, and let it stay for 3 minutes.
5. After 3 minutes, remove the thermometer and
bring it to an eye-level for easy reading.
6. In reading, look at the point in the scale where the
mercury (appeared in silver) stops, it’s where the
silver meets the white or yellow area, the
white/yellow area signifies empty or no mercury.
7.Read and record your reading. A temperature
above the normal range is called pyrexia,
hyperthermia, or fever. A patient with a fever is
called febrile, while afebrile to those who have no
fever.
8.Disinfect the thermometer and return it to its
storage.

Normal Temperature Range (Axillary) = 36.5 oC to 37.5 oC (97.8 oF to 99.5 oF)

Digital Thermometer
1.Prepare the digital thermometer, grasp its end
opposite to the tip
2.Press the “ON” button
3. Insert in the middle of the armpit and wait for the
“beep” sound.
4.When the “beep” is heard, remove the
thermometer, and read the readings in the display
window.
If in doubt with the reading, you may recheck
the temperature using a different device known to
be functioning property.
5. Turn “OFF” the button.
6. Record the reading.
7.Disinfect the thermometer and return it to its
storage.

Checking the Pulse Rate

Radial Pulse Rate
1.Locate the radial pulse, just below the thumb of
your client.

2.Use your middle and index finger, with light

pressure, feel the pounding of the pulse.
3.After locating the radial pulse, keep an eye on the
position of the second hand in your watch.
4.As the pulse pound, begin counting at “0” ex.
(pound) 0, (pound) 1, (pound) 2, and so on for 1
whole minute.

If the pulse is regular, you may:

 Count for 15 seconds and multiply the pulse
rate by 4
 Count for 30 seconds and multiply the pulse
rate by 2
If the pulse is irregular, count the pulse for 1 whole
minute.
5. Record the pulse rate per minute.

Normal Heart Rate for Adult = 60-100 rate per minute (rpm)

Apical Pulse or Heart Rate

1.Locate the apical pulse, just below the left nipple or the middle of the left chest.
2.Prepare your stethoscope:
 Disinfect the earpiece and chest piece before
use.
 Warm the metal rings of the chest piece by
holding it in your palm for a while because the
client may startle from the coldness of the metal
rings.
3. Insert the earpiece in the direction of your ear
canal for better hearing.

4.Decide on which side of the chest piece will you

use: diaphragm or bell. Then, check the active side
by tapping it lightly.
 If the sound is clear and loud, then it’s the
active side.
 If the sound is muffled, then it’s the inactive
side.
 Turning the chest piece will make one of its side
active.
5.Place the diaphragm/bell over the apical pulse
and listen to the S1 and S2 heart sound heard as “lub-
dub”. Each “lub-dub” is counted as one.
6.With your watch, note the position of the second
hand and begin counting the apical pulse. Start at
“0” example (“lub-dub”) 0, (“lub-dub”) 1, (“lub-
dub”) 2, and so on for 1 whole minute. If the pulse is
regular, you may:
 Count for 15 seconds and multiply the pulse
rate by 4
 Count for 30 seconds and multiply the pulse
rate by 2.
If the pulse is irregular, count the pulse for 1 whole
minute.

7. Record the pulse per minute.

Checking the Respiratory Rate
Respiratory or Breathing Rate
1.Do not let your client be aware that you are
taking his/her breathing rate because it may cause
intentional changes in their breathing pattern:
To do this you may:
 Place your hand against the client’s chest to
feel the rise and fall movement of his/her
breathing.
 Maintain holding the client’s wrist after
taking radial pulse and bring it across
his/her chest observing the breathing
movement
2. Look at the position of the second hand of your
watch and begin counting.
3.Counting the inhalation and exhalation as 1
respiration. Example (breath in and breath out) 1,
(breath in and breath out) 2, (breath in and breath
out) 3, and so on for 1 whole minute.
If breathing is regular, you may:
 Count for 15 seconds and multiply the rate
by 4
 Count for 30 seconds and multiply the rate
by 2
If breathing is irregular, count the pulse for 1
whole minute.
4. Record the breathing rate per minute.

Normal Breathing Rate for Adults = 16-20 breaths per minute (bpm)

Checking Blood Pressure (BP)

Manual taking of Blood Pressure
1.Position the client comfortably, ensuring that the
client’s forearm is position at heart level.
2.Expose the upper arm, and wrap the deflated cuff
evenly around it, position the gauge at an eye level
for better reading.

3. Prepare your stethoscope:

 Disinfect the earpiece and chest piece before use.
 Insert the earpiece in the direction of your ear
canal.
 Warm the diaphragm by holding it in your palm
for a while
 Check the active side of the chest piece.
4. Insert the earpiece of your stethoscope at the
direction of your ear canal for better hearing.

5.Place the bell/ diaphragm over the brachial artery.

6.Grasp the bulb of the sphygmomanometer and

close the valve.
7.Pump the valve and inflate the cuff until the
pressure reads 30mmHg above the clients previous
systolic BP.
Example: If the client’s previous
BP was 120/80 mmHg, where 120 is the systolic, 80
is the diastolic, add 30 mmHg to the systolic BP,
which means you inflate the cuff until the pressure
reads 150 mmHg.
8.Carefully and slowly open the valve to decrease
the pressure at a rate of 2-3mmHg per second.
(Abrupt release of pressure may lead to failure in
identifying the Korotkoff sound)

9. As the pressure fall, identify the sound called

Korotkoff’s sound heard in your stethoscope.
 Initially, after the release of the pressure, you
will hear the period of silence, but after that,
you will start hearing “tapping” sounds called
“Korotkoff” sounds until it disappears.
 Among the sound you will hear, you will just
have to identify these 2 district sounds.
a. The first clear tapping or thumping sound hear
(Systolic)
b. The last thump softer that the first tapping
sound (Diastolic)
10. In case of doubt, and needs repetition, wait 1-2 minutes before repeating the
process.
11. Unwrap the cuff, clean the devices used with appropriate disinfectant, keep it in the
appropriate storage.
 12. Record the reading, write the systolic over the
diastolic.

Example: 120
MmHg or 120/80
800

Taking BP using Electronic Device

1.Place the BP cuff on the forearm
according to the manufacturer’s
instructions.
2.Turn on the BP switch and wait for the
result.
3.When the device has determined the BP
reading, note the result and turn off the
device.
B. The use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
All healthcare providers must wear PPE such as clean or sterile gloves, mask or face
mask or face shield, googles and gowns according to the risk of exposure to potential
infection, this is to protect oneself from contamination and transmitting infection from one
client to another. Remember, PPE are single use only and must not be reused.
DONNING OF PPE
Preparation: Remove any pieces of jewelry and personal items such as phones and
pens. Also, secure any loose items. Perform handwriting before donning.
1. Don a clean gown
 Pick the unused gown and let it unfold
freely in front of you without touching
any area soiled by body substances.
 Slide your arms and hands though the
sleeves.
 Overlap the gown by tiering the ties at
the neck
2. Don the face mask
 Identify the top edged of the mask,
usually the one with a metal strip
 Hold the mask by its top 2 strings or
loops
 Place the upper edge over the bridge of
the nose and tie the strings at the back of
the head or secure the loops around the
ears.
  If you have prescription glasses, fit the
upper edge under your glasses.
 Secure the lower edge under the chin
and tie the 2 lower strings at your nape.
 If the mask has the metal strip secure it
firmly by pressing it fitly over the bridge
of your nose.
Remember: Mask is only used once and should not be worn more than the hours
recommended by the manufacturer or if it becomes moist because moist makes the
mask ineffective.
3. Don protective eyewear if it is not combined with the face mask

4. Don clean disposable gloves

 No special technique is necessary (but
for sterile gloves- a special technique is
followed).
 If no gown is worn, pull the gloves up to
cover the wrists, but if a gown is worn,
pull the glove up covering the cuffs of
the gown.

Removing the Soiled PPE

Remember the principle. Remove the most soiled first.
1. Remove gloves
 If no worn gown, remove the gloves since it’s the
most soiled, if there is a worn gown, untie the
ties in front of your waist first before removing
the gloves.
 Remove the first glove by grasping the palm of
the glove-only touch glove to glove!
 Pull the first glove off by inverting or rolling it
inside out, let it be held by the fingers in your
second gloved hand.
 With your bare hands where the first glove is
pulled off, place your first 2 fingers inside the
cuff of the second glove.
 As gloves are completely removed, disposed of
 them in the appropriate container and perform
hand hygiene.
2. Remove the protective eyewear and dispose of it properly or in an appropriate
container for cleaning.

3. Remove the gown.

 No special precautions are needed if the gown is
not grossly soiled.
 If soiled, do not touch the soiled parts on the
outside of the gown.
 Only hold the inside of the neck of the gown and
pull down over the shoulders.
 Roll the gown inside out. Discard it in the
appropriate container.
4.Remove the mask
 Remove the mask towards the doorway of the
client’s room but if you’re wearing the
respiratory mask, remove it once you’re out of
the room and after closing the door.
 If your mask is with strings, untie the lower
strings to prevent its fall. Untie the lower strings
holding it firmly removing it off from your face.
 If the mask is with side loops, lift the side loops
away from the ears and face.
 As the above procedure is being carried out, do
not touch the front of the mask since it is
contaminated.
 Discard the mask in its appropriate container
 Perform proper hand hygiene.

WHAT’S MORE
Directions: Copy the table and fill in with three (3) Vital Signs (temperature,
radial pulse, and respiratory rate) of yourself and the rest of the members of your
household.
It is It is It is
Temperature
Radial Normal, Respiratory Normal, Normal,
Client Age (degree
Pulse/minute High, or Rate/minute High, or High, or
Celsius)
Low Low Low
1. (You)
2
3.
4.
5.
 WHAT I HAVE LEARNED
Directions: Copy the correct word/s to complete the sentence. Do it in your
activity sheets.
1. The soiled gown is rolled (inside out, outside in) for disposal.
2. In donning a clean gown, secure first the ties at the (neck, waist).
3. The breath rate is counted for a (whole minute, 30 seconds) only.
4. In removing the mask with strings, untie the (lower, upper) strings strip.
5. The (top-edge, bottom edged) of the mask, is the one with a metal strip.
6. In taking BP, place the diaphragm of the stethoscope over the (brachial artery, radial
artery).
7. The (millimeter of mercury, degree Celsius, degree Fahrenheit) is the unit of measure
in recording blood pressure.
8. In taking BP, inflate the cuff until the pressure reads 30 mmHg (above, below) the
client’s previous BP reading.
9. Press the “ON” button of the glass (glass mercury thermometer, digital
thermometer) before inserting in the armpit.
10. The caregiver must fix his/her eyes on the (hour hand, minute hand, second hand)
position in the watch while counting the pulse or the breaths rate per minute.

WHAT I CAN DO
Directions: Choose 1 among the tools, equipment or paraphernalia discussed
in the previous module except for VS devices and PPE. Make a step-by-step
procedure of its proper use.
ASSESSMENT
Directions: Choose and write the letter of the correct answer in your activity sheets.
1. What is the fifth (5) vital signs?
A. Blood Pressure B. Pain C. Pulse Rate D. Temperature
2. The normal pulse rate of an adult is:
A. 60- 100 rpm B. 65-105 rpm C. 120-160 rpm D. 125-135 rpm
3. An adult blood pressure of 110/80 mmHg indicates:
A. Hypertension B. Hypotension C. Normal D. Prehypertension
4. What is the unit of measurement for blood pressure?
A. Beats per minute C. Degrees Fahrenheit
B. Degree Celsius D. Millimeter of Mercury
5. Which of the following devices is used for counting pulse?
A. Pulse Oximeter B. Stethoscope C. Watch with secondhand D. All of the above
6. What device is used for measuring body surface temperature?
A. Barometer B. Manometer C. Oximeter D. Thermometer
7. Which is NOT suitable protective eye equipment for health workers?
 A. Face Shields B. Googles C. Prescription glasses D. Polycarbonate protective
glasses
8.In donning PPE, which of the following statements is incorrect?
A. Inspect that all PPE is in the right fit and good quality
B. Perform hand hygiene before donning gloves, gowns, masks, and face shields
C. No special technique is necessary when donning clean disposable gloves, except for
sterile gloves
D. In PPE donning preparation, remove personal items such as a watch, jewelry, except
for cell phones and pens
9. An adult body surface temperature of 38.5 oC indicates that he/she is:
A. Afebrile B. Febrile C. Hyperthermia D. Hypothermia
10. A blood pressure reads 120/80 mmHg, which of this value is systolic?
A. The systolic can’t be known C. The systolic is 80 and the diastolic is 120
B. The systolic is 120 and the diastolic is 80 D. Both values 120 and 80 is the systolic
11. All of the following are done before performing caregiving services, EXCEPT:
A. Hand washing C. Verifying client’s identity
B. Providing privacy D. Disposal of soiled materials
12.Which of the following personal protective equipment (PPE) is not worn on the face?
A. Googles B. Gown C. Respiratory Mask D. Surgical Mask
13.In taking blood pressure, what do you call the sound heard in the stethoscope during
cuff
deflation?
A. Borborygmi sound B. Korotkoff sound C. lub-dub sound D. S1 and S2 sound
14. In taking pulse rate and respiratory rate, which of the following counting methods is
incorrect?
A. If irregular, count for 30 seconds C. If regular, count for 15 seconds x 4
B. If irregular, count for 60 seconds D. If regular, count for 30 seconds x 2
15. In taking the BP, the last soft yet clear tapping sound heard in the stethoscope is
called____
A. Diastolic B. Pulse C. Systolic D. S1 and S2
ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES
Activity: BP Reading!
Directions: Click the link below to a paste it in the web browser. Identify the BP reading by
identifying Korotkoff sound. If you have no access to an internet connection, proceed to
Activity B.

BP Reading Tutorial from CNMsuncats, YouTube video:

https:// www.youtube.com /watch?v=oioFVbsiwEk&feature=share& fbclid=IwAR2
TJ-3bG5kgSsB_7—n5XVjRyDIW42XD21Mr8s40jpeMZE_09DpKVLYrWU

Answer the following questions:

1. Have you gotten all the 6-practice test in BP reading correctly? Describe your
experience
and state any difficulties you’ve encountered.
2. Cite ways that you will do to improve your skill in BP reading.
Activity 2:
Directions: Read the blood pressure depicted in the images below and identify if the
reading is high, normal, or low. Write the answers in your activity sheets.

Example
The lighter dial is the
SYSTOLIC
Answer:
120
The darker dial is the 80 mmHg; Normal
DIASTOLIC

1.

________ mmHg ; _____________

_______mmHg ; _____________

_______mmHg ; ____________
_______mmHg ; _____________

________mmHg ; ____________