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A. PRIMARY SOURCES

I. Archival Records (Unpublished):


a) West Bengal State Archives, Calcutta:
Proceedings of the Government of Bengal, Municipal Department,
Local Self-Government Branch.
Proceedings of the Government of Bengal, Judicial Department.
Proceedings of the Government of Bengal, Judicial Department,
Police Branch.
Proceedings of the Government of Bengal, General Department.
Proceedings of the Government of Bengal, General Department,
Miscellaneous Branch.
Proceedings of the Government of Bengal, General Department,
Education Branch.
Proceedings of the Government of Bengal, Education Department,
Education Branch.
Proceedings of the Government of Bengal, Appointment Department.
Proceedings of the Government of Bengal, Appointment Department,
Appointment Branch.
Proceedings of the Government of Bengal, Appointment Department^
Reforms Branch.
Proceedings of the Government of Bengal, Political Department,
Political Branch.
Proceedings of the Government of Bengal, Political Department,
Police Branch.
Proceedings of the Government of Bengal, Police Department.
Proceedings of the Government of Bengal, Financial Department,
Miscellaneous Branch.
Proceedings of the Government of Bengal, Financial Department,
Commerce Branch.
583

Proceedings of the Government of Bengal, Home Department,


Constitution and Elections Branch.
Home (Confidential) Files of the Government of Bengal.
Fortnightly Reports on the Political Situation in Bengal.
Reports on Newspapers and Periodicals in Bengal.
Selections from Vernacular Newspapers in Eastern Bengal and Assam.

B) National Archives of India, New Delhi

Proceedings of the Government of India, Home Department,


Public Branch.
Proceedings of the Government of India, Home Department,
Political Branch (from 1907)*
Proceedings of the Government of India, Legislative Department.
Records of the Reforms Office, Government of India.
Risley Collection (in microfilm).

II. Printed Government Reports.


Bengal District Gazette^s, Bakarganj, by J.C. Jack,
(Calcutta, 1918).
Bengal District Gazetteers, Khulna, by L.S.S.O’Malley,
( Calcut ta, 190B).
Bengal District Gazetteers, Jessore, by L.S.S.O’Malley,
------------------------- (Calcutta,' T9I2T:-----
Bengal District Gazetteers. B. Volumes. Bakargan.j, Faridpur,
Jessore", Khulna^ (Calcutta, 1933).
Final Report on the Survey and Settlement Operations in the
* Bakarg'anj District, 1900-1908.by J.C. Jack,
(Calcutta, 1915)*
Final Report on the Survey and Settlement Operations in the
Faridpur District, 1901+-19lH, by J.C. Jack,
(Calcutta, I916).
583

Final Report on the Survey and Settlement Operations In the


District of Jessore, 1920-1924, by M.A.Momen, '
(Calcutta, 1925) ,

Census of India, 1881, Vols. I & II.

Census of India. 1891, Vol.III, The Report.

Census of India. 1901, Vol.VI, Part I, Vol.VIA, Part II.

Census of India. 1911, Vol.V, Parts I & II.

Census of India, 1921, Vol.V, Part I.

Census of India. 1931, Vol.V, Parts I & II.

Reports o^ the Census of the Districts of Bakargan.1, Faridpur,


Dacca. Mymensin'gh, Jessore, Khulna, 1891.

Geographical and Statistical Report on the Districts of Jessore,


Furreedpore and Backergunge, by J.E. Gastrell,
Tcii^itti;' 156^).-----

Report from the Joint Select Committee on the Government of


-I9I9T;
-------------■Eiaiirsgr<:.fpgihi; -------------------

Report, Calcutta University Commission, 1917-1919,(Calcutta,1919)•

Report, Indian Statutary Commission, Vols. I & II,(Calcutta,1930).

Report, Bengal Franchise Committee, (Calcutta, 1932).

Report on the Administration of Bengal, 1931-1932, Government


of Bengal, Revenue Department, (Calcutta, 1933).

Two Years of Provincial Autonomy in Bengal, Government of Bengal,


Publicity Department, (Calcutta, 1939).

Bengal Ministry and the Hindus of Bengal, Government of Bengal,


Publicity Department, (Calcutta, 1940).

Social Legislation t Its Role in Social Welfare, Issued on behalf


of the Planning Commission, Government of India,
(New Delhi, 1956).

Bengal Legislative Council Proceedings.

Bengal Legislative Assembly Proceedings.


590

III. Newspapers and periodicals'.

Anandabazar Patrika.

Bengalee.
Calcutta Review.

Kalpadrum.
Modem Review.

Musalman.

Nayyabharat.
The Statesman.

IT. Caste Literature in Vernacular.

a) Periodicals and Proceedings :

Bangiya Tili Sama.i Patrika.

Bangiya Vaisya Baru.jibi Sabhar Barshik Karya~bibaran.

Jogisakha.

Kshatriya.

Maiiishya Sama.1.

Modak Hitaishini.

Pataka.

Purbabanga Vaisya Samitir Ashtam Barshiya Karyabibara&i,


(Calcutta, 1917).

Sadgop Patrika.
591

b) Tracts and Treaties.

Badoi Biswas, Sasikumar, Namasudra Dwi.jatattva, (Barisal, 1911) •

Barman, Upendranath, Ra.jbansi Kshatriya Jatir Itihas, Vol.I


(Jalpaiguri,.194-1)..

Baeu, Girishchandra, Kayastha Sama.jer Sanskar, (Dacca, 1321 B.S.).


Bbawal, Gobindachandra, Hindu Jatibhed 0 Barui.jatir Itihas, .
(Dacca, 1^12).

Biswas, Buddheswar, Kuloddeepan Namah-Chandrika, (Barisal,1328 B.3.).

Biswas, Raicharan, Jatiya Jagaran, (Calcutta, 1921).

Biswas, Saratchandra, Sadgop Jati,Third Part,(Chandernagore,


1328 B.S. ).

Biswas, Sitanath, Jatitattva 0 Namasya Kulodarpan, (Dacca, 1931)*

Das,Naresh Chandra, Namasudra Sampraday 0 Bangladesh, (Calcutta,


1368 B.S.).

Das,Rajani Kanta, Bangiya Namasudra Conference, (Bengal


Namasudra Conference Committee, Pirozpur, 1922).

Ghosh, Nabindhandra, Jadubansa, (Kisoreganj, 1923);

Gop,jatir Kshatriyatva, (laymen singh, 1331 B.S.).

Haidar, Maiiananda, Sri Sri Guruchand Char it. (Calcutta, 194-3).

Kundu, Sasibhushan, Tili.jatir Vaisyatva Praman, (Calcutta,


1330 B.S.).

Mandal, Manindranath, Arya Paundrak, (Calcutta 1317 B.S.).

Mazumder, Gurucharan, Kayastha Kaust^y. (Calcutta, 1282 B.S.).

Nandi Barma, Sasihhushan, Kayastha Puran, Second Edition,edited


by Girishchandra Vidyalanijar, (Calcutta,1339 B.S.).

Nath,Sasibhushan, Jogi Darpan, (Calcutta, 1332 B.S.).

Nath,Bhattacharya, Bangachandra, Nathbandhu Harimohan,(Calcutta,


1362 B.S.).
532

Nath Mazumder, Sureschandra, Ra.jguru Jogibansa ha Rudraja


Brahman.jatir Bihar an., (Kachhar, 1334 B.S.).
Palit, Haridas, Banglya Patit Jatir Karmee, (Calcutta, 1915).
Ray, Chandreswar, Uttarbanga Ra.lbansl Samajniti, (1333 B.S.)*
Ray, Rashbehari, Namasudra Darpan, Vol.I, (Khulna, 1910).
Saha, Narayan Chandra, Saundlk Pur an, (Ichhapur, 24 Parganas, •
1830 6akabda) •
Sarkar, Balaram, Namasudra Jnana Bhandar, (Faridpur, 1911).
Sarkar, Prakash Chandra, collected and edited, Gobardhankrita
Brihat Mahishya-Karika, (Calcutta, 1931)•
Sarkar, Tarak Chandra, Sri Sri Harileelamrita, (Faridpur,1323 B.S.).
Sen, Shyamlal, Ambashtha Tattyakaumudi, (Calcutta, 1323 B.S,).
Sen Sarma, Shyamacharan, Bangiya Baldya.jati, (Chittagong, 1330 B.S.).
Sil,Kedarnath, Swara.j Sadhanay Narasundar Sama.1, (Serajganj,
1331 B.S.).
Sil, Sibchandra, Gaude Subamabanik, (Chinsurah, 1317 B.S.).
Smrititirtha, Sitikantha, IJgrakshatriya Samhita, (Calcutta,1300B.S.).

B. Secondary Sources
I. Printed Books and Articles.
Ahmed, Rafiuddin, The Bengal Muslims, 1871-1906: A Quest for
identity, (Delhi, 1981).
Ahmed, Sufia, Muslim Community in Bengal, 188^1912, (Dacca, 1974),
Allen, B.C., et al.. Gazetteer of Bengal and North-East India,
(Reprint, Delhi, 1979).
593

Ambedkar, B.R., Emancipation of the Untouchables,


(Reprint,' Bombay,'‘19*72")'.

Arnold, David, Robin Jeffrey and James Manor, 'Caste


Associations in South India s A Comparative
Analysis', The Indian Economic and Social History
Review, Vol.XIII, No.3, July-September, 1976.

Barrier, N. Gerald, (ed.), The Census in British India ; New


Perspectives! (New Delhi, 1981).

Barber, Bernard, 'Social Mobility in Hindu India, 'in James *


Silverberg, (ed.), Social Mobility in Caste
System in India, (The Hague, i960).

Betellie, Andre, Caste, Class and Power, (University of California


Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1971).

Beveridge, H., The District of Bakargani : Its History and


Statistics, (London, 1876).

Bharatchandra, Annadamangal, in Brojendranath Bandyopadbyay and


Sajani Kanta Das, (eds.), Bharatchandra
f
Granthavall, ~in Bengali^ (Bangiya Sahitya
Parishad, Calcutta, Third Edition, 1369 B.S.).

Bhattacharya, Digindra Narayan, Jatlbhed, £ in Bengali 7,


(Serajganj, 1319 3.S.);

Chaturbama Bibhag. /“in Bengali 7» (Seraigan1,


132k B.S.);

Hindur Naba.jagaran, /“in Bengali J, (Calcutta*


133o B.S.).

Bhattacharya, Jogendranath, Hindu Castes and Sects. (Reprint.


Calcutta, 196B7T ---------------------

Bose,Nirmal Kumar, 'Some Aspects of Caste in Bengal, 'in Milton


Singer, (ed.), Traditional India;Structure and
Change, (Philadelphia, 1959); “

The Structure of Hindu Society, translated from


Bengali by Andre Beteille, (New Delhi, 1975).

Broomfield, J.H., Elite Conflict in a Plural Society: Twentieth


Century Bengal, (California. 1968).
594

Brown, Judith M., Gandhi*s Rise to Power, (Cambridge, 1972).

Carroll, Lucy, 'Colonial Perceptions of Indian Society and


the Energence of Caste(s) Associations,
Journal of Asian Studies, Yol.XXXVII,No.2,
February 19787

Chakraborti, Sudhir* 'Maner Manusher Gavir Nirjan Pathe,*


/in Bengali7, Bkshan, Saradiya 1339 B.S. .

Chatterjee, Partha, 'Agrarian Relations and Communalism in


Bengal, 1926-1935’, in Ranajit Guha. (ed,),
Subaltern Studies I:Writings on South Asian
History and Society, (Delhi, 1962);
Bengal, 1920-194-7:The Land Question, (Calcutta,
T9Bif)u

Cohn, Bernard S., 'The Changing Status of a Depressed Caste,'


in Mckim Marriot, (ed.).Village India,
(Chicago, 1955);

'Notes on the Study of Indian Society and


Culture', in Milton Singer and B.S. Cohn, (eds),
Structure and Change in Indian Society,
TChicago,.1968); ------------------
'History and Anthropology:The State of Play',
Comparative Studies in Society and History,
Vol.22, No.2, April I9B0.

Conion, Frank F., 'The Census of India as a Source for the
Historical Study of Religion and Caste7 in
N. Gerald Barrier, (ed.), The Census in British
India:New Perspective^, (New Delhi, l<?8l).

Cronin, Richard P., British Policy in Bengal. 1905-1912:Partition


and the New Province of Eastern Bengal and Assam,
CC&ieutta, 1977 )>--- -- s------ 6---------
Damle, Y.B., 'Reference Group Theory with regard to Mobility in
Caste', in James Silverberg,(ed.), Social
Mobility in the Caste System in India,
(The Hague,1968).

Das Gupta, Hiralal, Swadhinata Saagrame Barisal,/~in Bengali7,


(Calcutta, 1972).
595

Das Gupta, Ranajit, 'Peasant, Workers and Freedom Struggle,


Jalpalguri, 1945-47,* Nehru Memorial Museum
and Library, (Mimeograph).
Derrett, J.D.M., Hindu Law - Past and Present, (Calcutta, 1957)*

Dumont, Louis, Homo Hierarchicus, (London, 1972).

Dutt. N.K.. Origin and Growth of Caste in India, Vol.II, (Calcutta,

Gait, E.A., 'Caste', in Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics,


¥ol.Ill, Second Edition, 1937.

Galanter, Marc, 'Law and Caste in Modem India', Asian Survey,


Vol.III, No.2, November 1963;

'Changing Legal Conceptions of Caste,' in


Milton Singer and B.S. Cohn, (eds.), Structure
and Change in Indian Society, '(Chicago, 1968);

CompetiAg Equalities : Law and Backward Classes


in IndiaT (Delhi, 1984).

Gallaghar, John, 'Congress in Decline : Bengal, 1930 to 1939' in


, John Gallaghar, Gordon Johnson and Anil Seal,
(eds.), Locality, Province and Nation : Essays
on Indian Politics, (Cambridge, 1973)*

Ghurye ., G.S., Caste and Class in India,


I1_ " " ' ■ “ ■■ -"rr—if m. ii r.-.r-n. in,
(Bombay, 1957). *

Gopal, S., British Policy in India, (Cambridge, 1965).

Gordon, Leonard, Bengal : The Nationalist Movement, 1876 - 1943,


(New Delhi, “1979") .

Gordon, Milton M., 'Toward a General Theory of Racial and Ethnic


Group Relations,'in Nathan Glazer and Daniel
P. Moynilian, (eds.), Ethnicity : Theory and
Experience, (Cambridge MA : Harvard University
Press, 1975);

'Models of Pluralism : The New American Dilemma,'


Annals of the American Academy of Political and
Social Sciences, Vol.454. March 198l.
59 O

Gough, Kathleen, •Indian Nationalism and Ethnic Freedom,• In


.David Bidney, (ed.), The Concept of Freedom
in Anthropology, (The Hague, 1963);
•Indian Peasant Uprisings’, in A-R.Desai,(ed.),
Peasant Struggles in India, (Paperback Edition,
Delhi, 19(51).
Habib, Irfan, ’The Social Distribution of landed Property in •
Pre-British India’, Enquiry, New Series, Vol.II,
No,3, Winter,1956?
The Agrarian System of Mughal India,
(Bombay, 1963).!
Hardgrave, Robert, The Nadars of Tamilnad, (Berkeley,1969).
Heimsath, Charles H., Indian Nationalism and Hindu Social Reform,
(Princeton, 196*+).
Hunter, W.W,, A Statistical Account of Bengal, Vols.I-VI,
(Reprint, Delhi, 1973).
Hutton, J.H,, Caste in India, (Fourth Edition, Delhi, 1973)*
Inden, Ronald, ’The Hindu Chiefdom in Middle Bengali Literature',
in Edward C, Dimock, Jr.,(ed.), Bengal:Literature
and History, (East Lansing, Michigan,1967);
Marriage and Rank in Bengali Culture,
(New Delhi, 1976).
Irschik, Eugene, Politics and Social Conflict in South India;
The Non-Brahman Movement and Tamil Separatism,
I916-1929, (University of California Press.
Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1969).
Jeffrey, Robin, ’The Social Origins of a Caste Association:
. The Founding of the SNDP Yogam', South Asia.
Vol.IF, October 197^.
Joshi, Y.C.(ed.), Rammohun Roy and the Process of Modernisation
in India, (Delhi, 197^).
Kopf, David, The Brahmo S'ama.i and the Shaping of the Modem
Indian Mind, (PrInc e ton, 1979).
Leach, l.R., (g&.), Aspects of Caste in South Indian Ceylon,
North West Pakistan, (Cambridge, i960).
Leonard, Karen I., Social History of an Indian Caste: The Kayasthas
of Ryderabad, (Delhi, 1978).
lynch, Owen, The Politics of Untouchability, (New York, 1969)*
Mandal, Jagadish Chandra, Rabindranath, Gandhiji 0 Ambedkar,
/In Bengali/, (Calcutta, 1982). #
Mandelbaum, Dayid G., Society in India, (Indian Edition,Bombay,1972).
Harriot, Mckim, ‘Interactional and Attributional Theories of Caste
Ranking*, Man in India. Vol.XXXIX,No.2, 1959.
Mead, C.S„, The Namasudras and Other Addresses, (Adelaide,1911).
Metcalf, T.R.,- The Aftermath of Revolt: India, 1857-1870,
^ pr e tori, 1961+)'.

Hitra, Sudhir Kumar, Hooghly Zelar Itihas 0 Bangasama.1 ,/in Bengali]?


(Calcutta, 1962). ]
Moore, Barrington, Jr., Social Origins of Dictatorship and
Democracy, (Preregrine Book, 1977).
Mukherjee, Radha Kamal, Bangla 0 Bengali, /in Bengali7.
(Calcutta, lik-7 B.S.)'.
Mukherjee, Ramkrishna, The Dynamics of a Rural Society,
(Berlin, 1957).
Mukher^ee, S.N., 'Class, Caste and Politics in Calcutta', in
E.R. Leach and S.N. Mukherjee, (eds.), Elites
in South Asia. (Cambridge, 1970).
Mukhopadhyay, Amitava, Jatibhedpratha 0 Unish Sataker Bangali
Sama.i, /in Bengali/, (Calcutta, 1981).
Mukundaram, Chandlmangal, edited by Sukumar Sen,/in Bengali/
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Nandi, Somendra Chandra, Bandar Kasimbazar,/^ Bengali^
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538

Natarajan, S., A Century of Social Refoim in India, (Bombay, 1959)*

O'Malley, L.S.S., Indian Caste Customs, (Reprint, Calcutta,1976);


India's Social Heritage, (Reprint, New Delhi,1976).

Gmvedt, Gail, Cultural Revolt in Colonial Society:The Non-Brahman


Movement in Western India, 1873-1930,(Bombay,1976)

Ray, Anandanath, Faridpurer Itihas, /In Bengald/> (Calcutta,1316B./5.)


Ray, Nihar Ranjan, Bangali Hindur Varnabhed,/In Bengal^,
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Bangalir Itihas, Adi Parba, /in Bengali^
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Ray, Rajat K., 'Masses in Politics: The Non-Cooperation Movement


in Bengal, 1920-22', The Indian Economic and
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'Introduction*, in V.C. Joshi, (ed.), Rammohun
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•The Peasant and the Landless Untouchable in the
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Imagination, (New Delhi, 1984).

Ray, Ratnalekha, Change in Bengal Agrarian Society, 1760-1850.•


(New Delhi, 1979).

Ray Chaudhuri, Tapan, 'Permanent Settlement in Operation:Bakarganj


District, East Bengal', in Robert E.Frykenberg,
(ed.), Land Control and Social Structure in Indian
History.(Wisconsin. 1969).

Risley, H.H., The Tribes and Castes of Bengal. Vols.I & II,
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Rowe, William L., 'The New Cauhans: A Caste Mobility Movement in


North India,' in James Silverberg, (ed.).
Social Mobility in the Caste System in India.
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593

Rudolph, KLoyd I. and Susanne H., 'The Political Role of India's


Caste Associations’ in C.E. Welch,Jr., (ed.),
Political Modernisation : A Reader in Comparative
Political Change, (California, 1967)♦

Sanyal, Hitesranjan, 'Temple Building in Bengal from 15th to


the 19th centuries,' in B.De, (ed.), Perspectives
in Social Sciences, l« Historical Dimension,
(Delhi, 1977);
'Congress Movements In The Villages of Eastern
Kidnapore, 1921-1931', Asie Du Sud. Traditions •
Et Changements, (Paris, 1979);
Social Mobility in Bengal, (Calcutta, 1981).
Sarkar, Hemanta Kumar, Desbahdhu-Smriti, /~In Bengali _7,
(Calcutta, 1939)•
Sarkar, Sumit, Swadeshi Movement in Bengal. 1903-8, (New Delhi,
1973);
'Condition and Nature of Subaltern Militancy:
Bengal from Swadeshi to Non-Co-operation,c.
1905-1922, 1 in Ranajlt Gulia, (ed.), Subaltern
Studies III : Writings on South Asian History
and Society, (Delhi, 198k).

Sarma, Jyotirmoyee, Caste Dynamies Among the Bengali Hindus,


(Calcutta, 1980).

Seal, Anit, The finergence of Indian Nationalism,(Cambridge,1968).

Sen, Asok, Vidyasagar and His Elusive Milestones,(Calcutta,1977)*

Shastri, Sibnath, Jatibhed,edited by Dilip Kumar Biswas,


/in Bengali_7, (Calcutta, 1963).

Silverberg, James, (ed.), Social Mobility in the Caste System


in India, (The Hague, 1960).

Singer, Milton, and B.S. Cohn, (eds.) Structure and Change in


Indian Society, (Chicago, 1968).

Sinha, N.K., The Economic History of Bengal, (Calcutta, 1965).

Sinha,Pradip, Nineteenth Century Bengal : Aspects of Social History.


(Calcutta, 1965).
600

Srinivas, M.N., ’Mobility in the Caste System,’ in Milton Singer


and B.S. Cohn, (eds.), Structure and Change in
Indian Society, (Chicago, 1968);

Social Change in Modem India, (Indian Edition,


Orient Longman, 1977)•

Tarkaratna, Panchanan, translated and edited, Brahmavwartta Pur an,


/“in Bengali _7, (Calcutta, 1391 B.S.)’.

Tripathi, Amales, The Extremist Challenge, (Calcutta, 1967);

Vidyasagar, The Traditional Moderniser, (Calcutta,


1976).

Wise, James, Notes on the Races-Castes and Tribes of Eastern Bengal,

Zelliot, Eleanor, 'Learning the Use of Political Means: The


Mahars of Maharashtra', in Rajni Kothari, (ed.),
Caste in Indian Politics, (New Delhi, 1973).

II. Unpublished Theses

Khan, Md. Ehamul Huq, 'A.K. Fazlul Huq and Muslim League in Bengal,
1906-194-7,' (Ph.D. Thesis,Punjab University,
Chandigarh, 1982).

Ray, Rajat K., 'Social Conflict and Political Unrest in Bengal,


1875-1927S (Ph.D. Thesis, Cambridge University,
1972), since published.

Usuda, Masayuki, 'Aswini Kumar Datta's Role in Political, Social


and Cultural Life of Bengal', (Ph.D. Thesis,
Calcutta University, 1977)•

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