1.

List/Write down different jobs affected by globalization in the Philippines:

● Local producers
○ FARMERS have been affected mostly as the Philippines is always importing
rice from other countries because of the expensive price for locally
produced rice. It also happened for chili peppers and onions as the prices
were unbelievably expensive even for people to afford those.
○ TEXTILE AND GARMENT WORKERS As more countries offer affordable
textiles and garments like Bangladesh and China, the Philippines experienced
a decline with the workers.

● Hotel and restaurants

○ LOW SKILLED SERVICE STAFF Persons with disabilities and senior people
are not always fortunate enough to solely rely on the funding of the
government and they are not highly preferred as it can affect the efficiency
and more fast-food restaurants are now becoming more automated to reduce
costs as the globalization opened up many opportunities for innovation of
technology.
○ SMALL BUSINESS RESTAURANTS Covid-19 worsened the situation for
these businesses however, even before the pandemic there were small
businesses struggling to survive in this economy as more fast-foods arrived
in the Philippines.

● Industrial Sector
○ ENGINEERS There is a shortage for engineers in the Philippines as most
graduates face unattractive options for work in this country. Global market
and foreign countries offer better support and compensation for them,
leading them to leave the country.

● Healthcare industry
○ NURSES AND DOCTORS As global markets are now emerging, most
Filipinos see this as an opportunity to receive better opportunities in other
countries. It caused a sharp decline for nurses and doctors in the Philippines
 and caused a skill drain in the health sector.

● Informal Sector
○ Examples of these jobs are pedicab drivers, self-employed business
owners, domestic cleaners, ambulant vendors. Most jobs in this sector are
being replaced by e-commerce, automation, and lack of financial support
from the government. These might be seen as jobs that are not always seen
as important than jobs that require a diploma. However, it is still essential
for a community to function as they offer services and products that are
still beneficial to the public.

● Sports Industry
○ Most athletes are not financially supported in the Philippines which causes
most athletes to change their nationality like Wesley So.

● Technology Industry
○ IT and Software developers are highly in demand as the technology in the
Philippines is evolving and becoming more mainstream for most companies
however, since there are still countries that offer better opportunities they
migrate abroad.

● Service Industry
○ Teachers are migrating abroad due to the lack of proper compensation for
the heavy load that they are receiving, especially public school teachers.
Most teachers are underpaid and they migrate abroad to teach English as a
Second Language to the non-natives like in Japan, China, Taiwan, and more.

2. What are the government interventions? (refer to no.1)

Some of the government interventions are still lacking thus explaining why there
are still thousands of people migrating abroad. However, these are few that I can cite:
● Retention Programs - there are government programs to encourage
healthcare professionals, science and technology professionals to stay in the
country and serve their nation first. Examples DOST scholarship program,
CHED medical scholarship

● Laws implemented to protect domestic jobs from the effect of

globalization - Philippine Economic Zone Authority Act (PEZA) of 1995
which promotes and regulates establishment and operation of economic
zones in the country. Example in the west china sea there is an economic
zone amidst the conflict in the WSC. Labor Code of the Philippines
(Presidential Decree No.42) governs the labor and employment practices in
the Philippines. Bilateral Agreements and Memoranda of Understanding
which ensures the protection of Filipino workers overseas. Balik Manggagawa
Program protects the rights and welfare of Filipinos coming home and
promotes reintegration in the local labor market. Migrant Workers and
Overseas Filipinos Act of 1995 (Republic Act No. 8042): This law, also known
as the "Migrant Workers Act," provides protection and assistance to Filipino
migrant workers.

● Education and Skills Development - there are vocational programs,

certifications, decent education and training for jobs, as the Philippines have
a huge number of people that are in the informal sector. It is their priority
to provide them knowledge and education for them to qualify for vocational
jobs.

● Small and Medium Enterprises Support - there are funding programs for
businesses that are in need of financial support to continue their business.
By promoting growth and support for these businesses they are able to
create more economic opportunities for everyone. Especially with the
emergence of E-Commerce where everyone can participate as long as it is
legally credible.