Test -L

Describe with erarples,

exoroles the three mechansS
by ohiCh
Congesticin cortol
cortrol is achiered in TCP,
TCp
Ans i
CONGIESTION CONTROL IN TCP:
when 2

aCongesten ocur:
toad > Capacty ( netootk) anetuoik
humbes4 cf ackett
mbe cf packet
ncmbes1

Bnt Can Rand le .

Queuebeome ful (on Queee

dscard packets CAoe)
Routers b
Thoughpt declse shanpy
nehuot k is Conyebteol
above station
2 olutoh: T Cvoid the mecharism Dionded.
Congestuon corntnol vaujblo p
ovdow; Tep ans a
masteoth
Congeston connetn
co
Congestondiocew fas eoch
Calecl
Contaol Metrsrns )
B Corgestbh Muttiplicatve DeAcase
Additve TncPeas /
(AINAD)
Stor t
D. Slo
Rotsansmit e 1ost Reccvey.
3. fast Deteied by
B Sende - receve adientiscd wndo
congestion wwdow
eceiveY in netUaik
ogeston
Actal coiclow si: Cnond eDAd).
 Congeshin Poliay :
geneal polky to hadle congeslu
based orn thue phoses:
(Ü Slow staut
) Congestiön arziclanee
Congetioh cletechi
Slow staut phase :
* Senclsy stats coth a vey slow ate
taansmfsion but uhicoses the. ate Aafdy
to äcach a thseshold
When the thacshold is' Acached, thc eata
sate koducad to ovoidconges tion
tualy. tongeslien b detectcd, bas
shcesi buk to the Bw
se stant or
hor. the onesstor
avodane phose ecl 'on (oges
s detected.
Phase w) Phase o Phax i
Slao Stayt aveiclance|(geile
ongeslion

ouk srccied acktmeout

[3duphi ate Aeki1

a phase() SLOw START ExPONENTIAL TNCREASE
Slow Stat
Tdea i
Alqosithrn
wth
Size f bNges lon uncaw (und) stevt
One maimur Begment stze (MMSD,
Jett t
l en hece One MM9 cach time ah
acknowtedgement
Clow s t phcb

Sagrmernt
Cwon RJT
Acknculedgert

RIT

2
Pound
Transmsson
Time
Ceond

RJT

asois, cord = cund4

n
ACK
Cond
Stant Qwnd = 2 : 2
After Aond
Aftes AoLtnd 2 Cwnd 23
Aocind 3

it Beaches c thscsh
tutt
àD0ases eponentally
wreo
 Phae é) Cong'estuch Avodanca.
Inticse Cwnd adotirely
ADDrIVE TNCREASE
Conges lion Avoidance: To avoid Congeston
sow dan erporestal ooth

ccendl additively low statt

eachos
Ohen si ef condl
tops
thcshold slao Aaut phase
addie prase Gns
phs. eoh tooe the ohole
9h this secf te epibort
ackrcoledgd, the
ofSgmenb s
tohdao huased by
A cococlow
RT
tsansmitcd duing
 cient Seves

j+2

143
Tie
Tiie

ån ACK
Cond e Cuond + fcwnd
Cnd i
Stant
Ceord f41
Afto, RTI
Cwnd e 2
Cune I43
+3
3R1)
I, the cngston -aveidane, algoitn,te Size
winda chcnases adcliirey
te tongite .

ogitm
YB Phase çs Corgestorh Detectoh :
MUDIPHCAT/VE DFOREASE
tongestoh winclawsize
oC CUH, the
stuon C(us,
must Je dleouased longesle
uoy the cnee can gcs fiat
that
*he ny setronmit a
has ocusied i bu the ncecl to
sgrent
Ret aanmiBsen Occus h
() Tee ut
() when. 3 ACki dupliate Aeceled
thretrod ohopecd to tne
se of
mutiplcatte deLCay ).
are too atog.
TLON S
TP IMPLEMENTA
cut ccrs theie o a sthorgi
ca
a tube pactady
a 4mênt tos
possiblty tf conge.ten, 2 tnew u no heus abat
netuosk,
becn dcpped th
the snt scqmont
Dthis case TCA Keat stsongly.
valuc ef the theshold to oneholl
9 tthe
cutIent snc size.
the
set
8tast the slaw stcrt pha ageen
 Th thhee AcKS 9eceved, theac is a
hoye dped
twcakes psiblty f congeten,
hare
ag venied
a sgmenl , kut SCe soment
safely , BÒc thcc Aks ae &ccCired
dost eceneey.
catlcd ast tansmiss LÝn
koeakes Beaclon
In this Cax Tp has a
vale of thyeshold to bre hal
Q 9t set the
wsorent osda size
to th valuecf
of thseshold
b 9t xts Cwnd addane pox
C: 9t otst the congestion
detecleoh
An winplernent aton keact 'to ongeston
of te tollawsg uay tineot, a nes slow stut

phae staat conqs los

thiee Aeks, a ne
detectin ay
Btayt
avotelance phase
q: TUP Congcston poliey sumry.
Ssthres h: 2 cohdow
Cund IMSS

Timecut slowsteut 3ACks

CLond
SSthrtsh Coeslion
CngelierSsthyesh -%wmdow
Conl scthrh

Timeout
Cngese
avojchne Conqeslo

Cosster Ssthch thdo

Ewnd Ssthrtsh
 Exomple:
Mxlmurn ubdow size 32

Threshold Set to - l6 Kgmena wdo

('l2 of marimum

æ) low Atast ph luntit it

ond goaws exporentbially
scach thsesholo
thyeshold the Congston avooan
(0 Afte it keach occdo alla the
(addbteoreae)
tuild atnecut
linealy a

twhclaw o t iaeay x is Acpthed

cwbdaw .

o: trecut
mutpiathe clectease
the
(it) At, thi mornont, Rduca te ths eshdd Ert
piccc taks ove ucl
and
cousdowhe:
One- hall be pevaus
ime out hoppened.
new threshald:lo

vs toto
* TCP moves
Blow stut cgaun anod stryb ut
additre rmae
toicau i , arcd
whin nes thsyéshod Reached. when the wndo:
thaeo cluplate ACks eve hopp8
2,
Bze is muttathe encae baocecuse takes
7Cp
thieshotd 's Bet to 6 and
t the addite t`Uae phase thic loe
goes unt) onothes timect
hoppen
anothes 3cuplicat Act
Figure 24.11 Congestion example

CWnd

26 SS: Slow start

24 Al: Additive increase
MD: Multiplicative decrease Time-out
22
20
18
Threshold= 16
16
14
12
3 ACKs
Threshold= 10
10
SS
08
06
04
02

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Rounds
 fast TAansmissLon Aest Reovery
enos Receves
1
Packet
Dacket 2 Ack
Paket 3 Atk 2

Dacket
Dacket S
AcK2

Atk 2

Ack2

Packet3 Ack 6.
(RetoanSom)