CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Sk. Aasim Farhan of class 12th has

satisfactorily completed the project in biology on “DRUG
ADDICTION” entitled by the CBSE course in the academic year
2023-24. I have examined the project and hereby accord my
approval of it as a study carried out and presented in the
manner required for its acceptance. This does not necessarily
endorse or accept every statement made opinion expressed
or conclusion drawn but only signifies the acceptance of the
project for the purpose it is submitted for.

Mrs. Sikta Mohanty

(PGT Biology)

Sign:
 ACknowlEdgmEnT
I have made efforts in this project. However, it would not be
possible without the kind of support and help of many
individuals. I would like to express my thanks of gratitude to
our biology mam Sikta Mohanty and our principal.

opportunity to do this wonderful project which also helped

me in doing a lot of research and I came to know about many
things.

I would also like to thank my parents and friends for their

encouragement which helped me in the completion of this
project.

Sk. Aasim Farhan

Class- XII
 IndEx

1. INTRODUCTION
2. WHAT IS ADDICTION?
3. HOW DOES DRUG ADDICTION BEGIN?
4. EFFECT OF ADDICTION.
5. CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS.
6. COMBINATION OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL.
7. CASE STUDY.
8. PREVENTION OF ADDICTION.
9. TREATMENT OF ADDICTION.
10. CONCLUSION
 Introduction

Addiction is one of the biggest diseases in the world. More

than millions of individuals are struggling against addiction. It
takes away the happiness of the people by preventing them
from getting what they want and many of the people are also
not able to make correct decisions. According to recent
studies, it has been found that adolescents are more
vulnerable to addiction. Addiction is a type of disease whose
rehabilitation is very difficult. As we know prevention is
better than cure, so we can prevent ourselves from getting
addicted by not living under peer pressure.
What is drug addiction?

Addiction is the habitual, physiological, and psychological

dependence on a substance or practice that is beyond
voluntary control. A person who is habituated to a substance
or a practice, especially a harmful one, is called an addict.
Addiction is a chronic, progressive, and sometimes fatal
disorder with both genetic and environmental roots. It
manifests as a compulsion that is harmful to self and loved
ones, despite an intense desire to half that behaviour. It is a
disease of "more"- an active addict needs an increasing
amount of substance to get high and is unable to cease usage
without painful withdrawal symptoms.

This is true whether the addictive substance is a drug tobacco

or alcohol or a behaviour. Medically, addiction is of three
types: Tobacco Addiction, Alcohol Addiction, and Drug
Addiction.
HOW DOES DRUG ADDICTION BEGIN?
Many factors lead people to drug addiction.
1. Curiosity: Frequent references to drugs by public media create
curiosity for having a personal experience of the drugs.

2. Friend's pressure: Frequent appreciation of drug experience by

friends’ allures others to start the use of drugs.

3. Frustration and Depression: Some people start taking drugs to get

relief from frustration and depression.

4. The desire for More Work: Students sometimes take drugs to keep
awake the whole night to prepare for the examination. It is not
desirable as it may cause a mental breakdown.

5. Looking for a Different World: A wrong notion that drugs open a

new world tempts some young octets to start taking drugs.

6. Relief from pain: A prolonged use of pain-relieving drugs with a

physician's advice at times leads to addiction.

7. Family History: Children may take drugs by seeing their elders in

the family.
8. Excitement and Adventure: The young take drugs to satisfy their
instinct for excitement and adventure.
Effects of addiction
• Fatigue-the patient is tired of the time.

• Memory loss-especially the patient's short-term memory.

• Eye muscle-the eye muscle can become significantly

weaker.

• Liver disease patient has a considerably higher chance of

developing hepatitis and cirrhosis. Cirrhosis of the liver is an
irreversible and progressive condition.

• Heart problems regular heaving drinking can lead to

cardiomyopathy (damaged heart muscle), heart failure, and
stroke.

• Mensuration - alcoholism will usually stop mensuration or

disrupt it.

• Cancer-alcoholics have a much higher risk of developing

several cancers, including cancer of the mouth. Oesophagus,
liver, colon, rectum, breast, prostate, and pharynx.

• Suicide rates among people who are alcohol-dependent or

who abuse alcohol are much higher than among other
people.
Classification of drugs

There are large numbers of drugs on which people become

dependent. These are classified into 4 major groups:
Sedatives and tranquilizers, opiate narcotics, simulations, and
hallucinogens.
 Types of drug abuse
1. Heroine 4. Hallucinogens
2. Cocaine 5. Cannabinoid
3. Crack 6. Alcohol

HEROINE

• As a destructive opioid, heroin can lead to seizures,

psychosis, and hallucinations when it is abused.
• Heroin injections can also spread diseases such as human
immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis.
• This drug is known to cause serious health issues when it is
abused because it interferes with the brain's receptors.
Once heroin enters the brain, it is converted to morphine and
binds rapidly to opioid receptors.
• With heroin, the rush is usually accompanied by a warm
flushing of the skin, a dry mouth, and a heavy feeling in the
extremities.
Opioids can depress breathing by changing neurochemical
activity in the brain stem, where
automatic body functions such as
breathing and heart rate are controlled.
COCAINE
• Cocaine is a very dangerous stimulant even when taken in
small amounts. It induces euphoric pressure and accelerates
the heart rate. increase blood

• The drug may lead to fatal strokes or heart attacks for some
users.

• Cocaine, also known as coke, is a strong stimulant most

frequently used as a recreational drug.

• Cocaine also known as coke, is a strong stimulant, most

frequently used as a recreational drug.

Cocaine has a small number of accepted medical uses such as

numbing and decreasing bleeding during nasal surgery.

• It is commonly snorted, inhaled as smoke, or dissolved and

injected into a vein.
CRACK
• A potent form of cocaine, crack is often smoked and
suddenly creates an intense euphoric sensation for a short
while.

• Crack has turned into a problem because it is cheap and

easy to buy and use. Abusing the substance, however, can
lead to immediate addiction.

Abusers are also at risk of suffering heart attacks and strokes

with every use. Long-term use can cause liver, kidney, and
lung damage.

• The short-term physiological effects of cocaine include

constricted blood vessels, dilated pupils, and increased
temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure.
HALLUCINOGENS
• Hallucinogens are a class of drugs that cause profound
distortions in a person's perceptions of reality, otherwise
known as hallucinations.

• PCP (phencyclidine) and LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) are

hallucinogens, which means that they make users feel, see,
and hear things that are not real.

• While they experience hallucinations with these drugs,

users lose touch with reality and enter mental states of
disconnection.

• Atropa belladonna and datura also contain hallucinogenic

properties.
CANNABINOIDS
• Cannabinoids are the most common illegal drug that is
abused and many people begin using it as a recreational drug
in social situations.

• Continued abuse of marijuana can lead to addiction and the

substance can affect the physical coordination, memory, and
mental functions of users over time.

• In humans psychoactive cannabinoids produce euphoria,

enhancement of sensory perception, tachycardia,
antinociception, and difficulties in concentration seem to
persist after withdrawal.

• Although there are studies that show potential benefits

from cannabinoids, there are many side effects from taking
the drug. This shows an addiction to this natural drug can be
hazardous.
ALCOHOLS
• Abusing alcohol can cause psychological, physical, and
social problems, and it can lead to the destruction of
relationships, friendships, and marriages

• Furthermore, alcohol abuse can lead to injury or death to

the people around them while they are under the influence

• Alcohol withdrawal can be fatal because of delirium

tremens, which is a symptom with the potential to trigger
heart failure or stroke. Refraining from drinking also is not
easy when it becomes a habit because of mental and physical
issues.

The liver is an organ that helps break down and remove

harmful substances from your body, including alcohol. Long-
term alcohol use interferes with this process. It also Increases
your risk for chronic liver inflammation and liver disease.
 COMBINATION OF DRUGS AND ALCOHOL

Some addicts use mixtures of drugs to have immediate 'kid' or

'charge' simultaneous use of drugs and alcohol may produce
dangerous effects, including death. When barbiturates and alcohol
are taken together. each doubles the effect of the other. A mixture of
cocaine and heroin called speedball gives a spontaneous kick of
cocaine and prolonged pleasure of heroin.
 CASE STUDY
The victim in this case is a young man named Jack. Though he
is 24 years of age, he looks like a man of 40 years. Firstly, his
friend introduced him to drugs as a means of enjoyment.
Gradually he became addicted. He started with 'ganja'. He
sometimes changes his drugs to meet his satisfaction level.
He changes one after another from 'ganja', 'wine' to
'phensedyl'. Now he has been fully addicted to 'phensedyl'
for 4.5 years and has to it four times a day. without having it
he can't do anything. He spends Rs 300-500 every day for
drug purposes. For the excess money, sometimes he takes
loans from friends or steals his household materials. He
collects drugs from the local spots or a particular person. On
physical examination, he was unclean, anxious-looking, and
irritated. The speech was slowed Physique was lean and
emaciated. Mild anemia and jaundice were present. Nothing
abnormality was detected in the heart, lungs, and kidneys.
PREVENTION AND CONTROL

"Prevention is better than cure" is also true here. Tobacco and

drug/alcohol abuse are more common during young age and
adolescence. The remedial measures should be taken in time. The
following measures would be particularly useful for the prevention
and control of alcohol and addiction during adolescence.

1. Avoid undue peer pressure.

2. Education and counseling.

3. Seeking help from parents and peers.

4. Looking for danger signs.

5. Seeking professional and medical help.

TREATMENT OF ADDICTION

Do it yourself say about 30% of people with an alcohol

problem manage to reduce their drinking or abstain without
seeking professional help. There is a great deal of material in
books and the internet that may help the self-helper.

Counselling qualified counsellor can help the alcoholic talk

through his/her problems and then advise a plan to tackle
the drinking. CBT (cognitive behavioral therapy) is commonly
used to treat alcohol dependency.

Detoxification patients take some medication to prevent

withdrawal symptoms (delirium tremens) which many
alcoholics experience when they give up drinking.
 CONCLUSIONS

• Drug use and addiction cause a lot of diseases and

disability in the world.
• Recent advances in neuroscience may help improve
policies to reduce the harm that the use of tobacco,
alcohol, and other psychoactive drugs act on society.
• This report is concerned with the implications of drug
use for workplace safety and productivity. It examines
the prevalence of alcohol and other drug use by the U.S.
workforce, the impact of such use on job-related
behavior, and the effectiveness of workplace drug
intervention programs.
• This emphasis on workplace productivity rather than
social consequence affects the purpose, methods, and
evaluation criteria used in this report. Just as it often
affects researchers investigating these issues.