Statistics 1 Assignment 1 Solution 2020-21

Question 1 (6 marks)

Suppose that, 𝑥1 = 3, 𝑥2 = 2, 𝑥3 = 0, 𝑥4 = 4, 𝑥5 = 1, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦1 = 1, 𝑦2 = 0, 𝑦3 = 2, 𝑦4 =

3, 𝑦5 = 2. Calculate the following quantities:
𝑖=4

(𝑖 ) ∑ 2(𝑥𝑖 − 2) = 2(𝑥1 − 2) + 2(𝑥2 − 2) + 2(𝑥3 − 2) + 2(𝑥4 − 2)

𝑖=1

= 2[(3 − 2) + (2 − 2) + (0 − 2) + (4 − 2)] = 2[1 + 0 − 2 + 2] = 2

𝑖=5

(𝑖𝑖 ) ∑(𝑥𝑖 + 𝑦𝑖 ) = (𝑥3 + 𝑦3 ) + (𝑥4 + 𝑦4 ) + (𝑥5 + 𝑦5 ) = (0 + 2) + (4 + 3) + (1 + 2)

𝑖=3
= 12
𝑖=5

(𝑖𝑖𝑖 ) ∑ 𝑥𝑖 (𝑦𝑖 − 3) = 𝑥4 (𝑦4 − 3) + 𝑥5 (𝑦5 − 3) = 4(3 − 3) + 1(2 − 3) = −1

𝑖=4

Question 2 (4 marks)
The summary statistics for 2 independent datasets from a population are as follows:
Sample size Sample mean Sample standard deviation
x data 18 5.3 1.0
y data 15 4.1 1.5

nx x + n y y 18  5.3 + 15  4.1
Combined mean = = = 4.755
nx + n y 18 + 15
(nx − 1) sx2 + (n y − 1) s y2 (18 − 1)  12 + (15 − 1)  1.52
Combined variance = = = 1.5645
nx + n y − 2 18 + 15 − 2

1
 Statistics 1 Assignment 1 Solution 2020-21

Question 3 (4 marks)
Suppose there are two boxes; the first one contains three green and one red balls, whereas the
second contains two green and two red balls. First, a box is chosen at random and then a ball
is drawn randomly from that box.
1 3 1 2 5
i. The probability that the ball drawn is green =  +  =
2 4 2 4 8
ii. The probability that the first box was chosen, given that the ball drawn was green =

1 3 3
 3
2 4 =8=
1 3 1 2 5 5
 + 
2 4 2 4 8

Question 4 (6 marks)
Consider a high-risk population where 10% of the people have HIV. A diagnostic test is
correct in 90% of the cases if the person has HIV and in 95% of the cases if the person does
not have the virus. If a person is tested positive, what is the probability that the person does
not have HIV?

Let H be the event of a person having HIV and P be the event of the test result being positive.
P(H) = 0.1, P(Hc) = 0.9, P(PH) = 0.9, P(PHc) = 0.05 (correct test result in 95% of cases;
Incorrect test results in 5% of cases.

a) P(P) = (0.9  0.05) + (0.1  0.9) = 0.135

b) For a person with no HIV, test result being positive is incorrect test result).

P( H c  P) 0.9  0.05 1
P(HcP) = = =
P( P) 0.9  0.05 + 0.1 0.90 3