Physics

Investigatory
Project
By – Yash G.Desai
Class 12 A
th
 CERTIICATE
This is to certify that the PHYSICS project titled
‘ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION’ has been
successfully completed by Yash G.Desai of Class XII
in partial fulllment of curriculum of CENTRAL
BOARD OF SECONDARYEDUCATION (CBSE)
leading to the award of annual eamination of the
year !"#$%

Boar!s Roll "o. #$%&#'&

Date o( )*+,ission

)ign o( Internal E-a,iner

)ign o( E-ternal E-a,iner

 AC/"0EDGE3E"T
It gi&es me great pleasure to epress my gratitude
towards our Physics teacher
''''''''''''''''''''''''''for his guidance( support
and encouragement throughout the duration of
the project% )ithout her moti&ation and help the
successful completion of this project would not
ha&e been possible%
EECTR03AG
"ETIC
 ontents
tro!*ction
i, o( the e-eri,ent
aterials re5*ire!
heory
roce!*re
+servation
-eri,ent hotos
oncl*sion
i+liograhy
 ro!*ction
A +it a+o*t 3ichael ara!ay
•

3ichael ara!ay 6as an English scientist 6ho contri+*te! to

the 7el!s o( electro,agnetis, an! electroche,istry. 8is ,ain
!iscoveries incl*!e those o( electro,agnetic in!*ction9
!ia,agnetis, an! electrolysis.
a6 o( Electro,agnetic In!*ction
•

ara!ay:s la6 o( in!*ction is a +asic la6 o( electro,agnetis,

re!icting ho6 a ,agnetic 7el! 6ill interact 6ith an electric
circ*it to ro!*ce an electro,otive (orce <E3=>a
heno,enon calle! electro,agnetic in!*ction.
It is the (*n!a,ental oerating rincile o( trans(or,ers9
in!*ctors9 an! ,any tyes
ara!ay
o(
• an!
electrical his an!
,otors a6generators.
Electro,agnetic in!*ction 6as !iscovere! in!een!ently
+y 3ichael ara!ay an! ?oseh 8enry in 1@%1 ho6ever9
ara!ay 6as the 7rst to *+lish the res*lts o( his
e-eri,ents. ara!ay e-laine! electro,agnetic in!*ction
*sing a concet he calle! lines o( (orce. These e5*ations (or
electro,a netics are e-tre,el i, ortant since the rovi!e
)o,ething I3P0RTA"T
•

An i,ortant asect o( the e5*ation that 5*anti7es ara!ays

a6 co,es (ro, the 6or o( 8einrich en9 a R*ssian
hysicist 6ho ,a!e his contri+*tion to ara!ays a69 no6
no6n as ens a69 in 1@%#.

ara!ays a6 !escri+es Electro,agnetic In!*ction9

6hereas ens a6 !e7nes itF
ara!ay:s 7rst e-eri,ental !e,onstration o(
electro,agnetic in!*ction <A*g*st 29 1@%1=9 he 6rae! t6o
6ires aro*n! oosite si!es o( an iron ring or Htor*sH <an
arrange,ent si,ilar to a ,o!ern toroi!al trans(or,er= to
in!*ce c*rrentF
Ai, o( the E-eri,ent
To !eter,ine electro,agnetic In!*ction9 an! the
eect on c*rrent Jo6ing thro*gh the coer 6ire
(or the increase in no o( t*rns o( the coer loo

erials Re5*ire!
6ire
ano,eter
net
 heory
Electro,otive (orce9 also calle! e,( <!enote! an! ,eas*re!
in volt=9 is the voltage !eveloe! +y any so*rce o( electrical
energy s*ch as a +attery or !yna,o. It is generally !e7ne! as
the electrical otential (or a so*rce in a circ*itF
A ,agnetic 7el! is the ,agnetic eect o( electric c*rrents
an! ,agnetic ,aterials. The,agnetic 7el! at any given oint
is seci7e! +y +oth a !irection an! a ,agnit*!e <or
strength= as s*ch it is a vector 7el!F
3agnetic (l*- <,ost o(ten !enote! as K,=9 is the n*,+er
o( ,agnetic 7el! lines <also calle! H,agnetic J*- !ensityH=
assing thro*gh a close! s*r(ace <s*ch as a con!*cting coil=.
The )I *nit o(,agnetic J*- is the 6e+er <+= <in !erive!
Ill*stration
*nitsL voltMsecon!s=. 3agnetic J*- is roortional to the area
,athe,atically
o( the close! s*r(aceF
NB.A
ere B is ,agnetic 7el!
A is area
 a6 <,athe,atically=F

6here itΦ states that the electro,otive (orce

EMF
By ara!ayL
t the change in agne!ic "#$ %i!h
is e5*al to
change in ti,eF

he act*al e,( is nega!ie o( 6hat the ara!ay tol!9

By enL
rather say that the *i&ec!in + in*#ce* c#&&en! ''se
ange in "#$ 9 since (or an i!eal circ*it<loo= e,( is !irectly 
c*rrentF
ill*stra North
tionL 6here the 7el! in the !iagra, is
the oosing an! in!*ce!
7el! to the act*al9 alie!
7el!<,agnetic= !*e to in!*ce!
Current
c*rrent 6hich 6as ro!*ce! !*e
Magnetic Field to alie! ,agnetic 7el!F

South
roce!*re
6as !ivi!e! into three arts<ran!o,ly=.
6as coile! into 1 loo9 the secon! into 1O loos9 an
loos +y eeing (ront area const.
6as connecte! to !c galvano,eter an! the +ar ,ag
an! the res*lts 6ere note!.
g 6as !one 6ith 1O loo an! &O loo coil an! the re

+servation
It 6as o+serve! that the !eJection in the
galvano,eter 6as greater (or the &O loo
coil an! 6as least (or 1 loo coil.
eri,ent Photos
oncl*sion
3agnetic 7el! asses thro*gh every area o(
each inter(ace no ,atter the co,,on area i(
sa,e there(ore the J*- 6ill +e n ti,es (or
the loo o( coer
Coil o( nMterns. ie In the given ict*re


there are ' t*rns in

the loo so the area
o( each inter(ace is '
ti,es the co,,on
area
+liograhy
6iie!ia.co,
•

oc6.,it.e!*
•