Pavlov’s Classical

Conditioning
 Learning Outcomes
Explain how behaviors are learned
according to the Pavlovian and Watsonian
Theory

Identify each unit of classical conditioning

Describeother classical conditioning

phenomena
About Ivan Pavlov
 Born: September 26, 1849

 Was awarded the degree of Candidate of Natural

Science in 1875

 Was awarded the Noble Price in Physiology or

Medicine 1904 in recognition of his work on the
physiology of digestion

 Died: February 27, 1936

 Conditioning
I. Learning
A. Any relatively permanent change in
behavior as a result of practice or
experience. Changes due to growth or
maturation are not learning.
B. How do we learn?
C. How do we stimulate learning?

1.Rewards (operant
conditioning)
2. Punishments
3. Classical conditioning
II. CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
People (and animals) acquire certain
behaviors through classical
conditioning
Learning process in which associations are
made between an unconditioned stimulus
and a neutral stimulus.
 STIMULUS
An event, sensation, or experience that
elicits a response.

RESPONSE
A reaction, as that of organism or a
mechanism, to a specific stimulus.
Unit of Classical Conditioning
 NEUTRAL STIMULUS:
 Initially does not elicit a response.

 UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS (UCS):

 elicits a predictable response w/o training.

 UNCONDITIONED RESPONSE (UCR):

 automatic or natural reaction to a stimulus w/o training
Unit of Classical Conditioning
 CONDITIONED STIMULUS (CS):
 elicits a response due to being paired with an UCS.

 CONDITIONED RESPONSE (CR):

 the learned reaction to a CS
 Classical Conditioning - Ivan Pavlov
 A. Pavlov’s Dogs Experiment
(US) Unconditioned Stimulus -
food
(UR) Unconditioned Response -
saliva
(NS) Neutral Stimulus -
bell
(CS) Conditioned Stimulus -
bell
(CR) Conditioned Response -
saliva to bell
Unconditioned Unconditioned
Stimulus Response

Neutral Conditioned
Stimulus Response

Conditioned
Stimulus
EXAMPLES OF CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
Using electric wires to
keep cows in a field
UCS
- Electric shock
UCR
- Jump back
CS
- wire
CR
- Stay away
 Other Phenomena in Classical
Conditioning
Extinction
When the CR gradually
dies out after the CS is
repeatedly presented
w/o the UCS.
 Other Phenomena in Classical
Conditioning
Spontaneous Recovery
When the CR reappears after a rest period following
extinction.
 Other Phenomena in Classical
Conditioning
Generalization
Responding to a second stimulus similar to the
original CS.
 Other Phenomena in Classical
Conditioning

Discrimination
The ability to respond
differently to different
stimuli
 Watsonian
Conditioning
About John Broadus Watson
 An American psychologist

 The first person to use the term

behaviorism to study human
behaviour.

 His research was greatly influenced

ny Pavlov’s Classical Conditioning
Theory
About John Broadus Watson

 UsingClassical Conditioning Model, he

made a research on children’s
emotion.
 Emotion Learning by
Stimulus Generalization
According to Watson, human normally
inherit three kinds of basic emotions: Fear,
Anger, and Love.
These emotion can be learned through the
process of conditioning.
This hypothesis is then followed by his
experiment, assisted by Rosalie Rayner.
The “Little Albert” Experiment
a. (UCS) -
loud noise
b. (UCR) -
fear, crying
c. (NS/CS) -
white rat
d. (CR) -
fear, crying
The “Little Albert” Experiment
 The conclusion made was that, Little Albert had
related the sound with the white mouse which he
played with previously.

 Through this conditioning process (continuous

exposure to the mouse and the sound), Albert has
learned to respond with fear.
The “Little Albert” Experiment
 LittleAlbert was also stimulated with other
stimuli (white rabbit, fur coat, furry thing) and he
responded the same way – fear.

 This is what Watson concluded as the stimulus

generalization – Little Albert has generalized that
all furry and white things will make loud sounds
and thus he was afraid of them.
Thank you for
listening!!
Activity