GENERAL CLASSES

AND USES OF ORGANIC

COMPOUNDS
Module in Science 9
Quarter 2

https://wikiwand.com/en/Organic_compounds

MARCELINA P. MAYAT-AN
Developer
Department of Education • Cordillera Administrative Region
 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Cordillera Administrative Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CAR
Wangal, La Trinidad, Benguet

Published by:
Learning Resource Management and Development System

COPYRIGHT NOTICE
2020

Section 9 of Presidential Decree No. 49 provides:

“No copyright shall subsist in any work of the government of the Philippines.
However, prior approval of the government agency of office wherein the work is
created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.”

This material has been developed for the implementation of the K-12
Curriculum through the Curriculum Implementation Division (CID) – Learning
Resource Management Development System (LRMDS). It can be reproduced for
educational purposes and the source must be acknowledged. Derivatives of the work
including creating an edited version, an enhancement or supplementary work are
permitted provided all original work is acknowledged and the copyright is attributed.
No work maybe derived from this material for commercial purposes and profit

ii
 PREFACE

This module is a project of the Curriculum Implementation Division particularly

the Learning Resource Management and Development Unit, Department of
Education, Schools Division of CAR which is in response to the implementation of the
K-12 Curriculum.

This Learning Material is a property of the Department of Education- CID,

Schools Division of CAR. It aims to improve students’ performance specifically in
Science.

Date of Development : November 2020

Resource Location : CAR- LRMS
SDO- Ifugao
Hingyon District
Southern Hingyon National High School
Learning Area : Science
Grade Level :9
Learning Resource Type : Module
Language : English
Quarter/Week : Q2/W6
Learning Competency/Code : Recognize the general classes and uses of organic
Compounds. S0MT-11H-18

iii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The developer wishes to express her gratitude to those who help in the
development of this learning material. The fulfillment of this learning material would
not be possible without these people who gave their support, helping hand and
cooperation:

Jane T. Dulawan, EPS Science for her words of encouragement and support
and for evaluating the content to ensure the quality of this learning material;

Elizabeth Ognayon, PSDS of Hingyon District for giving suggestions for the
improvement of this module;

Flavia D. Ahuday, her School Head, for her invaluable support;

Myla M. Mataag, Remalyn B. Tumitit, and Aiza Rose B. Gobway her co-
teachers, for their technical assistance.

Her family for the much-needed help and from whom she draws strength and
inspiration,

Above all, to our Almighty God, whose abundant grace enables us to live each
day at a time and for allowing the completion of this work.

DIVISION LRMDS STAFF:

SHAILA S. TAKINAN NANCY G. NALUNNE

Librarian II Project Development Officer II

JOVITA L. NAMINGIT
EPS-LRMDS

CONSULTANTS:

MARCIANA M. AYDINAN, Ph.D

Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

PIO D. ECUAN, Ed.D.

Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

BENEDICTA B. GAMATERO
Schools Division Superintendent

iv
 TABLE O F CONTENTS
Page

Copyright Notice ………………………………………………………………………… ii

Preface ….…………………………………………….………………………………….... iii
Acknowledgment ……………………………………………………………………......... iv
Table of Contents ………………………….………………………………………………v
What I Need to Know………………………………………………………………………1
What I Know.……………………….……………………………………………………… 2
What’s In …………………………………………………………………………………….4
What’s New.……………………………………………………………………………...….5
What’s It.………………………………………………………………………………...…. 5
What’s More ...………………………………...………………………………………...…13
Activity 1.………………………………………………………………………...….13
Activity 2…………………………………………………………………………….14
Activity 3......………………………………………………………………….........15
What I Have Learned ………………………………………………………………………16
What I Can Do………………….…………………………………………………….........17
Assessment...………………………………………………………………………………18
Additional Activities.………………………………………………………………………. 20
Key Answers.……………………………………………………………………………….21
References….……………………………………………………………………………...22

v
 What I Need To Know

Hi there! Welcome to the next module on organic chemistry. This

module was designed for you to easily have a grasp on organic chemistry. It
contains varied activities that will help you assess your knowledge on the
general classes and uses of organic chemistry.

In this module, you will learn about the general classes and uses of
organic compounds. As we progress in this module, try to find the answers to
the following questions: How are the carbon atoms able to bond with other
atoms to form many organic compounds. In what ways are the properties of
organic compounds related to their uses?

For the facilitator:

As the facilitator of this module, expect that you will be facing learner
clients with varied background and personalities. But let’s not be weary in
doing good to them for in due time we will reap the fruit of our labor. Let’s not
only guide and direct but sacrifice, understand, inspire and encourage our
students to cross over to the other side successfully. Remind also the students
to use a separate clean sheet of paper in answering the activities found in this
module.

For the learner:

Please read thoroughly every page in this module and follow

instructions very carefully when answering the activities. Remember to keep
this module clean and neat. Answer all questions honestly and independently.
Write all your answers on a clean sheet of paper. Be sure to compare your
answers to the KEY ANSWERS only after you have answered the given task.
If you have questions or clarifications, please feel free to ask your teacher,
parent or peer.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Describe organic chemistry

2. Describe the different classes of organic chemistry
3. Identify the common uses of the different organic compounds

1
 What I Know
Before we proceed learning about the general classes of organic compounds
and their uses, let’s find out how much how much you already know about
this topic. As you answer the questions, take note of the items that you were
not able to answer correctly and find the right answer as you go through this
module.

Direction: Read the questions very carefully. Then choose the correct answer
from the given choices. Write the letter of your answer on you answer sheet.
Please answer all items.

1. Which of the following statements is not correct about carbon atom?

a. Carbon atom is unique in its ability to combine with other carbon.
b. Carbon atoms form stable carbon compounds.
c. Carbon atoms form single, double, or triple bonds with other carbon
atoms.
d. Carbon atoms combine only with nonmetals like P, S, N, O and Cl.
2. Which statement best describes hydrocarbons?
a. Hydrocarbons are soluble in water.
b. Hydrocarbons are only made of hydrogen and carbon.
c. Hydrocarbons form the framework of all compounds.
d. Hydrocarbons occur naturally in fossil fuels.
3. Which of the following hydrocarbons fits the formula, CnH2n-2.
a. hexane b. hexane c. hexyne d. hexanol
4. Which of the following compound does not have the carbonyl group?
a. alkene b. aldehyde c. carboxylic acid d. ketone
5. Which of the following is not an example of hydrocarbon?
a. C2H2 b. C2H c. C2H6 d. C2H5OH
6. Which of the following functional group belongs to alcohol?

a. c.

b. d.
7. Since the lockdown last March, Jose has been using a bicycle as his
means of transportation to his workplace 20 kilometers away from his
boarding house. One afternoon while returning home from work, the wheel of
his bicycle could hardly turn because the friction in its ball bearing is great.
Which hydrocarbon should he buy and use to lessen friction?
a. gasoline b. isopropyl alcohol c. kerosene d. lubricating oil

2
8. Which of the following hydrocarbons are liquid at room temperature?

a. butane b. ethane c. hexyne d. propyne

9. Which of the following compounds is used as fuel in an oxy-acetylene
welding torch?
a. butane b. ethane c. ethene d. ethyne
10. What becomes of ethanol when it is mixed with methanol?
a. It turns into isopropyl alcohol.
b. It changes into formalin.
c. It becomes denatured alcohol which is unfit for drinking.
d. It turns into varnish.
11. The driver of a gasoline tanker was being scolded by his employer for
smoking while sitting on the driver’s seat. Why was he scolded?
a. because gasoline is volatile c. because gasoline is viscous
b. because gasoline if flammable d. because gasoline is liquid
12. Which of the following has the formula CH2O?
a. acetone b. Butanol c. formalin d. isopropyl alcohol
13. Which hydrocarbon has a triple bond in the molecule?
a. butane b. ethyne c. heptane d. propene
14. To which group of organic compound does the molecule with the
structure below belongs?

a. aldehyde b. alkane c. alkene d. alkyne

15. Which of the following is acetone?

a. CH3COCH3 b. CH3CHCH3 c. CH3OH d. HCH

3
 What’s In

Now let’s have a recall. You learned from the previous module that when two
like nonmetals share electrons with each other from their outermost shells,
they form nonpolar molecular compounds and if two unlike nonmetals share
their valence electrons with each other, they form polar molecular
compounds. It is through sharing also that carbon atoms bond with other
carbon atoms and other elements to form over millions of synthetic and
natural carbon compounds.

Let’s find out how well you can recall the previous lesson by doing this
simple activity.

Am I Polar or Non-polar?

Direction: Study the list of chemical formulas inside the box. They are a
mixture of ionic compounds and covalent compounds. Identify those that
underwent sharing of electrons or covalent bonding and write them under
molecular compounds. Then put an (x) mark under polar compounds if the
compounds are polar. Do the same with the nonpolar compounds. The first
one is done for you.

CH4 F2 NO3 NaCl CO2 N2 SO4

H2 CaO O2 HCl LiBr C2 H2O

Molecular Compound Polar Compound Non-polar Compound

1. CH4 x

4
 What’s New
Were you able to recall the previous lesson? That’s great. Now, let’s try to
study the table below that contains some examples of organic and inorganic
compounds and perform the next activity. It will connect you to more concepts
contained in this module.

Direction: Study the compounds carefully and put a check mark under
organic if you think the compound comes from living things and under
inorganic if you think the compound is from nonliving things. The first one
is done for you.

Compounds Organic Inorganic

1. Sodium Chloride or Table salt (NaCl) /

2. Carbon dioxide (CO2)

3. Methane gas (CH4)

4. Magnesium chloride (MgCl2)

5. Sodium carbonate (NaCO3)

6. Ethane (C2H6)

7. Water (H2O)

8. Ethyl alcohol (CH3CH2OH)

9. Acetone (CH3CCH3)

10. Ammonium Cyanate (NH4CNO)

What’s It
This portion presents the discussion of the lesson. Read carefully and
thoroughly, then try to understand the concepts regarding the classes and
uses of organic compounds.

Organic compounds have their origin in living plants and animals.

Since carbon is the main component of organic compounds, it is also called
carbon compounds. These include sugars, starches, plant oils and waxes,

5
fats, gelatin, dyes, drugs and fibers. Some of the common examples or classes
of organic compounds are hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and
carboxylic acids.

Some Classifications of Organic Compounds

A. Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons form the framework of all organic compounds. They are

made of only two elements; carbon and hydrogen. Hydrocarbons are classified
according to their structure: Aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatic
hydrocarbons. Aliphatic hydrocarbons have straight, branched and cyclic
(ring) chains. Those with single bonds are called saturated hydrocarbons and
those with double and triple bonds are called unsaturated hydrocarbons.
Hydrocarbons with benzene rings are called aromatic hydrocarbons.
Hydrocarbons occur naturally in fossil fuels such as petroleum, coal,
and peat. Natural gas is composed of aliphatic hydrocarbons such as
methane, ethane, propane, butane and pentane. On the other hand, aromatic
hydrocarbons are unsaturated ring structures containing single and double
bonds. Aromatic hydrocarbons are oils with fragrant odors. The most
encountered aromatic compound is benzene. It is represented by a six-carbon
ring(hexagon) which include three double bonds, each bonded to one other
atom. Coal is an important source of aromatic hydrocarbons.

Shown below are the condensed and structural formulas of benzene.

Condensed formula Structural formula

6
 Three Main Classifications of Aliphatic Hydrocarbons

I. Alkanes: Saturated Hydrocarbons

Alkanes are often called saturated hydrocarbons having single bonds in

their structure. You have learned in covalent bonding that carbon has four
valence electrons which when these electrons form single bonds with 4
hydrogen atoms, carbon attains stability following the Octet Rule. This means
that it has 8 electrons at its outermost energy level and so it can no longer
accept another hydrogen atom. Thus, alkanes are stable. Alkanes have a
general formula CnH2n+2 where n represents the number of carbon atoms. For
example, an alkane has 7 carbon atoms. Using the general formula, the
number of hydrogen atoms is 16. Thus, the condensed formula is C7H16
(heptane). Alkanes contain only single bonds and so they are least reactive.
Even if alkanes are least reactive, they are commercially very important, being
the principal component of gasoline and lubricating oils and are extensively
employed in organic chemistry. The names of all alkanes end in ane.

The first member of the alkane family is methane (CH4). The illustration
below shows how the four electrons of carbon atom bond by sharing with the
one electron of four hydrogen atoms making eight electrons for carbon atom
and hydrogen atom with 2 electrons. Both of them are stable.

C H H C H

H
Methane CH4

The table below shows the first 8 members of the alkane family. You
can see that the first four members, methane, ethane, propane, and butane
are gas at room temperature. The table also shows that the boiling point of
alkanes increases with increase in the number of carbon atoms.

Table 1. First eight members of the alkane group.

Name Phase Condensed structural formula Boiling Point
(OC)
Methane Gas CH4 -162
Ethane Gas CH3CH3 -89
Propane Gas CH3CH2CH3 -42
Butane Gas CH3CH2CH2CH3 -0.5

7
 Pentane Liquid CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 36
Hexane Liquid CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 69
Heptane Liquid CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 98
Octane Liquid CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 126
https://www.google.com/search?q=alkanes&tbm=isch&ved

Shown below are the structural formulas of some members of the

alkane family showing single bonds between carbon atoms. It shows how
carbon atoms form single bonds with hydrogen atom.

https://www.google.com/search?q=alkanes&oq

II. Alkenes and alkynes: Unsaturated Hydrocarbon

Alkenes are hydrocarbon compounds that contain double bonds while

alkynes have triple bonds. Two carbon atoms in alkenes share two pairs of
electrons to form double bonds while in alkynes, three pairs of electrons form
triple bonds. Their functional group is . Alkenes have a general
formula, CnH2n, where n indicates the number of carbon atoms. For example,

8
there are 5 carbon atoms in a molecule, C5, then the number of hydrogen
atom is 10 following the general formula. Therefore, the condensed formula of
the alkene molecule is C5H10, (pentene). Their names end in enes. The
simplest alkene is ethene or ethylene (C2H4). Alkynes are represented by a
general formula, CnH2n-2. Their functional group is . The presence
of triple bonds in their molecules make them the most reactive among the
hydrocarbons. The names of alkynes end in yne. The simplest alkyne is
ethyne or acetylene (C2H2).

Consider the formation of the double bonds in ethene in the box below.
Structure (a) shows the pair of electrons of each atom that are involved in
forming the two bonds. Structure (b) shows the two bonds that are formed.
And structure (c) shows the condensed formula of ethane.

Figure 1. Structure of Ethene

CH2=CH2
(a) (b) (c)
Structural Condensed
Lewis Dot Structure formula Structural
Formula
https://www.google.com/search?q=condensed+structurAL+ethene

The structure (a) below shows the Lewis structure of two carbon atoms
share three pairs of electrons to form a triple bond as shown in structure (b)
and (c).

Figure 2: Structure of ethyne

(a) (b) (c)

Lewis Dot Structure Structural formula Condensed formula

https://www.google.com/search?q=condensed+structurAL+ethyne

9
 The First 8 Members of Alkene and Their Properties

https://www.google.com/search?q=condensed+structural+formula+of+alkenes

First Five Members of Alkyne and Their Properties

https://www.google.com/search?q=chemical+properties+of+alkynes&tbm

Some Uses of Hydrocarbons

Alkanes are used primarily as fuel. Methane, ethane, and propane are
natural gases. Methane are used as domestic fuel. Ethane is used in the
production of ethylene for making plastics, antifreeze and detergents. Propane
burns with a very hot flame and is usually sold as liquefied petroleum gas
(LPG). Butane gas is sometimes mixed with propane and is used in portable
lamps and in cigarette lighters. Heavier alkanes are used as waxes,
lubricants, and in the preparation of alkenes. Petroleum jelly is a semi-solid
mixture of hydrocarbons applied to the skin as emollients (skin softener).

Alkenes and alkynes have higher boiling points and melting points than
their corresponding alkanes. As the number of carbon atom increases, the
melting point and boiling points of alkenes and alkynes increase also. The
functional group of alkenes is

10
 Ethene is a plant’s compound that is responsible for the ripening of
fruits. It is also converted to ethylene glycol, the major component of antifreeze
agents used in car radiators. Ethyne (acetylene) is used as fuel in oxyacetylene
torches for cutting and welding metals. Its functional group is .
Ethyne is also produced when calcium carbide, CaC2, (karburo) reacts with
water in the air. It has the ability to ripen fruits in just a few days. Shown in
tables 2, 3 and 4 are some members of the alkene and alkyne series and their
properties.

B. Alcohols and Their Uses

Alcohols are one of the groups of organic compounds that have the
functional group OH which is called the hydroxyl group. The presence of OH
groups makes alcohols polar molecules and because of their polarity, they
become very good polar solvents. Since they evaporate easily, they are also
very useful in pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations. Some alcohols are
used as disinfectants or antiseptics, cleaning agents, some are components of
liqour, while others are used as fuels for handy lamps, stoves and even
cigarette lighters. In alcohols, the functional group (OH) is attached to an alkyl
group, represented by R. An alkyl group is formed when one hydrogen atom
is lost from an alkane. Thus, the general formula for alcohol is R-OH.

Methyl alcohol or methanol (CH3OH) is the simplest alcohol because

it has only one carbon atom. It is sometimes called wood alcohol because it
was first obtained by heating wood in the absence of air. It is highly flammable
and toxic. Ingesting more than 10% of methanol can cause permanent
blindness since it attacks the optic nerves, poisoning of the nervous system,
coma and even death. In the body, methanol is oxidized into formaldehyde
and then into a compound called formic acid which is highly toxic to cells. It
is used commercially in the production of lacquers and varnishes. It is also
used as fuel and in the manufacture of formaldehyde.

Ethanol is commonly called ethyl alcohol or drinking alcohol. Its

empirical formula is C2H5OH. It is obtained from the fermentation of grains
such as wheat, barley or the malagkit rice. Ethyl alcohol becomes denatured
alcohol when added to methanol and is unfit for drinking. It is a volatile,
colorless, flammable liquid with a distinct odor. It is an excellent organic
solvent and fuel. Ethanol is a useful solvent for lacquers and a starting
material for the manufacture of dyes, drugs, cosmetics, perfumes, and
medication. 2-propanol is often called isopropyl alcohol. It is use as a solvent,
an astringent, cleaning agent, antiseptic, and a swimmer’s ears.

11
 Methanol Ethanol 2-Propanol
(Methyl alcohol) (Ethyl alcohol) (Isopropyl alcohol)

C. Ketone and aldehyde

Ketones and aldehydes are organic compounds that contain the

carbonyl group. In aldehydes, the carbonyl group, , is located at the

terminal end of the molecules, whereas in ketones, the carbonyl group,

, is located anywhere between the two ends of the molecules.

The general formula of aldehydes and ketones are shown below.

Acetone is the simplest and most important ketone. It is colorless,

highly volatile, flammable, and has a pungent and sweet taste. Acetone is
used as a solvent in the manufacture of drugs, cellulose acetate, cellulose
nitrate, acetylene, plastics,and varnishes. It is used to remove paint, varnish,
and nail polish.

Formaldehyde is the simplest aldehyde. It is a colorless gas with an

irritating and pungent odor that is dissolved in water to form the compound
formalin. Formalin is 37%-40% solution of formaldehyde and is used in
embalming cadavers and preserving tissues of specimens. Shown below are
the structural and condensed formulas of formaldehyde and acetone.

Structural formula

Condensed formula

CH2O CH3COCH3

Formaldehyde Acetone

12
 What’s More
Did you understand the discussions about the different classes and uses of
organic compounds? Now you are going to check your understanding of the
concepts you have learned.

Activity 1: Where Should I Be?

Listed below are some members of the family of hydrocarbon

compounds: alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. Classify them as to the family
they belong to. Write your answers on the table below.

propene pentane ethyne butene pentyne

ethene heptane octene nonane heptyne
pentene ethane butyne methane propyne
hexene octyne propane hexyne butane

nonene decane
Classification of Hydrocarbons

Alkane Alkene Alkyne

13
 Activity 2: Give Me a Name

Identify the name of the organic compound whose structure is shown

below. Write your answer opposite each.

Structure of organic Name

compound
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

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 Activity 3. Am I Useful?

The box below contains the different organic compounds. The table
contains the different uses of these organic compounds. Study their
relationship and perform the activity.

Direction: Read and understand the uses of the organic compounds at the
right division of the table. Then find the organic compound that fits the use
from the box above it. Write the letter of the organic compound opposite the
usage.

a. Acetone b. Alcohol c. Ethyne d. Formaldehyde

e. Ethene f. Ethylene glycol g. Propane h. Isopropyl alcohol
i. Ethanol j. Petroleum Jelly

Organic Compound Use

1. This is an organic compound that is used as fuel,
disinfectant, antiseptic or as a component of liquor.

2. This is a hydrocarbon found in plants that is

responsible in the ripening of fruits.

3. This is an organic compound that is used to

remove nail polished or as a cleansing agent.

4. This is an organic compound that is used as a

preservative or used to embalm cadavers.

5. This is a hydrocarbon that is used as fuel in

oxyacetylene torches for cutting and welding
metals.
6. This is the main ingredient for liquors.

7. This is used as an astringent and a swimmer’s

ear.
8. This is a semi-solid mixture of hydrocarbons that
is used as a skin emollient/skin softener.
9. This is sold as fuel in the form of liquefied
petroleum gas.

15
 10. This is the major component of antifreeze
agents used in car radiators.

What I Have Learned

I believe that the preceding activities you performed as well as the discussions
have helped you to have a clearer understanding on the classes and uses of
organic compounds. By doing the activities below, you will have a summary
of what we have discussed.

Direction: The first column of the table below contains the condensed
formulas of certain organic compounds. Study each formula and write the
names of the condensed formula of the organic compound at the center
column. On the last column, identify if the compound is an alkane, alkene,
alkyne, alcohol, ketone or aldehyde. Write all answers on a separate sheet of
paper.

Condensed formula of
organic compounds Names Kind of Organic
Compound

1. CH3CH2CH3

2. CH3CH2CHCH CH3

OH

3.CH3CH2CHCH3

4. CH2O

5. CH3COCH3

16
 What I Can Do
Did you find the preceding activities? In the next activity, you are going to
apply the concepts you learned from this lesson in dealing with real life
situations.

Direction. Choose the letter of the correct answer from the given choices. Write
the letter of your choice on the blanks provided before the number.

1. A boy lost his bike for almost a month. When he finally found it, he could
not turn its wheels. What organic compound would he used to make the
wheels of his bike turn smoothly?
a. gasoline b. ethanol c. lubricating oil d. acetone
2. During happy occasions like weddings and fiestas, liquors are usually
served to adults. What kind of alcohol is present in liquors?
a. ethanol b. butanol c. isopropyl alcohol d. methanol
3. Roy’s father harvested their matured banana fruit. He piled the bananas
inside a crate and surrounded them with Madre cacao leaves to hasten its
ripening. What organic compound is present in the Madre cacao leaves that
will help the ripening of the fruit in a short period of time?
a. acetylene b. ethene c. formalin d. methanol
4. The students in Biology brought live frogs to school for their experiment.
Unexpectedly, classes were suspended due to typhoon Eulyses. Their teacher
told them to place their frogs in bottles and preserve them for next meeting.
What compound should they use to preserve their frogs?
a. acetone b. ethyl alcohol c. formaldehyde d. kerosene
5. David painted his project with a paint brush. He wanted to put a final touch
of varnish to make his project look shiny but he has only one paint brush.
Which of the following organic compounds will he use to remove the paints
on the brush?
a. acetone b. acetylene c. formaldehyde d. propanol
6. Jason finished putting the roof of his pigpen. What will he use to prevent
the GI sheets from getting rusty?
a. varnish b. lubricating oil c. paint d. wax

17
 Post Assessment
Surely, you’re understanding on the topics in this module is deepened and
made clearer so you are now ready to answer the following assessment. Write
your answer on the blanks provided before the number.

1. Which of the following is not a hydrocarbon?

a. acetone b. ethane c. octene d. pentyne
2. Which of the following organic compounds fits the functional group?

?
a. alkane b. alkene c. aldehyde d. ketone
3. Which of the following alcohols is produced from the fermentation of sugar
or starch?
a. methyl alcohol c. Isopropyl alcohol
b. ethyl alcohol d. butanol
4. What is not a correct description of acetone?
a. It contains a carbonyl group in its molecule.
b. It is a ketone.
c. It is used to preserve tissues of specimens.
d. It is used to remove paints, varnish and nail polish.
5. Methane gas has a lower density than air. If methane gas leaks and shut
off in a room, how do we remove it?
a. Close all openings of the room.
b. Light a match to burn the gas.
c. Open the upper windows of the room for the gas to get out.
d. Use a wet towel to gather the gas.
6. The boiling point of straight-chained alkanes increases with increasing
molar masses. Which of the following alkanes has the highest boiling point?
a. methane b. pentane c. propane d. octane
7. Which of the following organic compounds is the principal component of
gasoline and lubricating oil?
a. aldehydes b. alkanes c. alkenes d. ketones
8. Crude oil is an organic compound that is less dense than water. What
happens to crude oil when it is spilled in the ocean?
a. It is mixed with the ocean water.
b. It sinks to the bottom of the ocean.
c. It floats on water.
d. It readily evaporates.
9. Which of the following functional group belongs to aldehyde?

a. c.

18
 b. d.

10. Which of the following organic compound has double bonds in its
molecule?
a. butane b. heptene c. butyne d. nonyne
11. One usually notices these signs near gasoline stations “No Smoking
Within 50 Feet”. Why do they put up these signs near the gas stations?
a. because gasoline is highly viscous
b. because gasoline is highly volatile
c. because gasoline is highly flammable
d. because gasoline a liquid
12.Kelly climbed a betel nut tree when his mother was calling for him. As he
hurriedly got down, he scratched his thighs on the rough bark of the tree.
What should he apply to free his bruises from any harmful germs?
a. acetone b. Butanol c. formalin d. isopropyl alcohol
13. Why is it dangerous for man to take in methanol?
a. Methanol, when taken in causes lead poisoning.
b. Methanol, when oxidized, turns into ethanol.
c. Methanol, when oxidized, produces formaldehyde and formic acid
which are highly toxic to the cells.
d. Methanol, when oxidized forms carbon.
14. Which of the following pairs of organic compounds is highly flammable?
a. acetone, gasoline
b. liquefied petroleum gas, kerosene
c. lubricating oil, isopropyl alcohol
d. vinegar, ethyl alcohol
15.Which of the following hydrocarbons is most reactive?
a. ethane b. ethyne c. heptene d. pentyne

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 Additional activity
Are you still there? Did you enjoy the activities? Here is an additional
activity to enrich what you have learned and to prepare you for the next
lesson.

Modified True or False

Direction: Write True if the underlined word/s make the statement correct.
If not, write the word/s that will make the statement correct on the blank
provided before the number.

_______________1. Ethyne has two hydrogen atoms in its molecule.

_______________2. All hydrocarbons are saturated.
_______________3. Octene has a higher boiling point than butane.
_______________4. An alkyl group is formed from the loss of two hydrogen
atoms in an alkane.
_______________5. Acetone is used to embalm cadavers and preserve tissues
of specimens.
_______________6. Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain double and triple bonds
in their structure.
_______________7. Hexane is a straight-chain hydrocarbon with seven carbon
atoms.
_______________8. Alcohols are very useful in pharmaceuticals and cosmetic
preparations since they are very volatile.
_______________9. Formalin is 30%-40% solution of formaldehyde.
_______________10. Table salt, (NaCl) is organic.

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What’s More
What I Know
Activity 1 Assessment
1. d
No. Alkane Alkene Alkyne 1. a 6. d 11. c
2. b
3. b 1. methane ethene ethyne 2. d 7. a 12. d
4. a 2. ethane propene propyne 3. b 8. c 13. c
5. d 3. propane butene butyne 4. c 9. b 14. b
6. a 4. butane pentene pentyne
7. d 5. c 10. b 15. d
5. pentane hexene hexyne
8. c
9. a 6. heptane octene heptyne
10. c 7. nonane nonene octyne
11. b 8. decane
12. c Additional Activities
13. b
14. d
1. True
15. a 2. Not all/Some
What’s More 3. True
What’s More
4. one
Activity 2 5. Formalin/ formaldehyde
Activity 3
1. methane 6.True
What’s In 1. b 6. i
2. acetone 7. six
2. e 7. h
1. x 3. ethyne 8.True
3. a 8. j
2. x 4. propene 9. True
4. d 9. g
5. ethyl alcohol 10. inorganic
3. 5. c 10. f
x
4.
x What I Have Learned
5. x 1. propane alkane
6. x 2. pentene alkene
7. x 3. butanol alcohol
8. x 4. formaldehyde aldehyde
9. x 5. acetone ketone
10. x
What’s New
What I Can Do
1. /
2. / 1. c
3. / 2. a
4. / 3. b
4. c
5. / 5. a
6. / 6. c
7. /
8. /
9. /
10. /
Key Answer
 References

Parry, Robert W. et al. Chemistry: Experimental Foundation Third Edition,

Prentice Hall, Inc. 1982

Science 9 Learner’s Module, Department of Education, First Edition 2014

Mendoza, Estrella E. Chemistry, Phoenix Science Series 2003

Espana, Rebecca N, et al. Science and Technology 111 Chemistry, ABIVA

Publishing House, Inc. 2005

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For inquiries or feedback, please write of call:

Department of Education
Cordillera Administrative Region
Schools Division of Benguet
Wangal, La Trinidad, Benguet
Telefax: 074 422 6570
Email Address: benguet@deped.gov.ph

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