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4252 8000 Series UL2 Aftertreatment System
4252 8000 Series UL2 Aftertreatment System
4252 8000 Series UL2 Aftertreatment System
Page 1 of 16
Scene Number: 42521020 - Objectives
Upon completion of this course the technician will be capable of: describing the 8000 series UL2
aftertreatment system components, demonstrating knowledge of the theory of SCR operation,
identifying the aftertreatment system flows, and describing the aftertreatment system procedures,
failure analysis and tests.
In this training course, the left leg aftertreatment (left side) and right leg aftertreatment (right side)
designations are as viewed while standing at the rear of the aftertreatment system looking toward the
engine.
This training course is specific to the 8000 series UL2 aftertreatment system with dual dosing
decomposition tubes and covers any additional information and differences that may not be included
in course 4234, which covers all high horsepower UL2 Tier 4 aftertreatments used at the time of this
publication. The 8000 series UL2 aftertreatment system used on the QSK78 CM2350 K126 Tier 4
Final engine will be used for the example in this training course. Other versions of this system can be
used on other high horsepower Tier 4 Final engine platforms. While the exact setup of the system
may not be the same, the same components, theory of operation, flows, procedures, failure analysis
and tests can apply. An example of this is the QSK60 CM2350 K117 Tier 4 Final locomotive engine.
The 8000 series system used in the K117 application has some slight differences. These differences
are stated in course 4234 but always refer to QuickServe Online for additional information.
Page 2 of 16
Scene Number: 42521050 - Dual Leg System
A dual leg aftertreatment system is used on the QSK78 CM2350 K126 engines. There is an
aftertreatment leg on the left side of the engine and one on the right side of the engine.
On a dual leg system, the parameters and components for the left side aftertreatment are labeled
aftertreatment 1. The parameters and components for the right side aftertreatment are labeled
aftertreatment 2. It is important to note that each leg of aftertreatment on the QSK78 CM2350 K126
engine receives exhaust gases from both banks of the engine.
Page 3 of 16
Scene Number: 42521090 - Aftertreatment DEF Tank Filter
A 40-Micron, gradient depth media, serviceable filter must be part of each of the four sending units.
Refer to QuickServe Online for the recommended service interval.
Scene Number: 42521120 - Aftertreatment DEF Line Heater Relays and Fuses
The DEF line heater relays and fuses are in the aftertreatment relay box on the frame rail.
Scene Number: 42521130 - Aftertreatment DEF Dosing Unit Heater Relays and Fuses
The QSK78 CM2350 K126 requires OEM supplied relays for heating the four DEF dosing units. The
heater relays and fuses are in the aftertreatment relay box on the frame rail. The OEM must provide
power to the relay so that DEF dosing units do not freeze in colder climates. The aftertreatment DEF
dosing unit heater relays are controlled by the ECMs.
When the DEF dosing unit heater relays are energized by the ECMs, the DEF dosing units internal
heater is powered up by the battery voltage. When the relay is de-energized, the power to the heater
is cut off.
Page 4 of 16
Scene Number: 42521140 - Aftertreatment Coolant Flow Control Valve
The K126 aftertreatment system includes an engine coolant flow valve, for the DEF tank. The valve is
located in the coolant supply line to the right of the dosing units on the underside of the DEF tank.
The coolant valve is a specific part number with a properly sized internal orifice and must be normally
closed, and open with a signal from the ECM. The valve must be rated for use with engine coolant
and be compatible with on-equipment environmental conditions.
The OEM will be responsible for determining the coolant valve to coolant line connections and that
the valve orientation in the equipment meets the manufacturer's requirements. The coolant valve
should be properly mounted and supported and be protected from heat, moving parts, and debris.
The wiring harness connecting the DEF heater control valve to the ECM will be the responsibility of
the OEM. The wiring harness to the coolant valve should be properly supported with tie wraps to
prevent wire fatigue due to vibration.
Page 5 of 16
Scene Number: 42521170 - Aftertreatment DEF Dosing Valves
The QSK78 CM2350 K126 engine uses 4 aftertreatment DEF dosing valves. Each leg of the
aftertreatment system has 2 valves mounted on the decomposition tube.
The K126 engines use high flow, 24 volt, dosing valves (24 V - L). Refer to TSB150139 on
QuickServe Online for more information.
Aftertreatment 1 dosing valve 1 is the left leg outer dosing valve. Aftertreatment 1 dosing valve 2 is
the left leg inner dosing valve. Aftertreatment 2 dosing valve 1 is the right leg inner dosing valve.
Aftertreatment 2 dosing valve 2 is the right leg outer dosing valve.
Page 6 of 16
Scene Number: 42521220 - Aftertreatment System Control Logic - Layout
ECM1, or the primary ECM, and ECM3, or the secondary 2 ECM, are located on the left bank of the
engine and control aftertreatment 1, or the left side aftertreatment leg.
ECM2, or the secondary 1 ECM, and ECM4, or the secondary 3 ECM, are located on the right bank
of the engine and control aftertreatment 2, or the right side aftertreatment leg.
The aftertreatment 1 datalink 4 circuit connects to ECM 1, the on engine left bank wastegate, and
then passes through the 47-pin aftertreatment connector to the DEF tank temperature/level/quality
sensor, the aftertreatment 1 intake NOx sensor, the aftertreatment 1 outlet NOx sensor, and the
aftertreatment 1 intake and outlet SCR temperature sensors.
On engines with a later version of the main engine harness, the left bank EGT module will be
connected to the aftertreatment 1 datalink 4 circuit as well.
The aftertreatment 2 datalink 4 circuit connects to ECM 2, the on engine right bank wastegate, and
then passes through the 35-pin auxiliary aftertreatment connector to the aftertreatment 2 intake NOx
sensor, the aftertreatment 2 outlet NOx sensor, and the aftertreatment 2 intake and outlet SCR
temperature sensors.
On engines with a later version of the main engine harness, the right bank EGT module will be
connected to the aftertreatment 2 datalink 4 circuit as well.
The aftertreatment 1 dosing unit 1 and dosing valve 1 are hard wired components that are controlled
by ECM1. The dosing valve is located on the outer left side. All of the dosing units are located below
the DEF tank, in the middle of the right side of the truck.
The aftertreatment 2 dosing unit 1 and dosing valve 1 are hard wired components that are controlled
by ECM2. The dosing valve is located on the inner right side.
The aftertreatment 1 dosing unit 2 and dosing valve 2 are hard wired components that are controlled
by ECM3. The dosing valve is located on the inner left side.
The aftertreatment 2 dosing unit 2 and dosing valve 2 are hard wired components that are controlled
by ECM4. The dosing valve is located on the outer right side.
From a diagnostic prospective the easiest way to treat the logic is four separate dosing systems.
Each ECM controls the components in a single system. If there is a dosing system related fault code
for ECM2 it should be a fault in that dosing system with either the dosing unit, dosing valve, or
associated wiring. If fault codes show up in all four ECMs (all four dosing units do not run and all
heaters do not work) the fault is likely associated with the common relay power supply circuit, either
with the wiring, fuses, and/or relays.
Page 7 of 16
Scene Number: 42521225 - Practice Exercise - Aftertreatment System Control Logic
Looking at the diagram, there is a problem in the circuit. Select the answer that best describes the
issue the circuit problem will cause.
Page 8 of 16
Scene Number: 42521280 - Aftertreatment DEF Dosing Unit - Flow
DEF from the tank suction line is drawn into the DEF dosing unit through the inlet screen. The DEF is
drawn from the tank by the pump within the dosing unit.
The DEF flows through one-way inlet check valves into the pump diaphragm chamber. The
downward motion of the pump diaphragm forces the DEF through the one-way outlet check valves
into the dosing unit housing and to the main filter.
The DEF flows through the 30-micron dosing unit main filter to the pressure regulator valve, or PRV
within the dosing unit.
The PRV controls the system pressure between the DEF dosing unit and DEF dosing valve. It opens
when the system pressure exceeds the limits for overpressure protection.
During normal operation, DEF flows from the main filter to the dosing unit outlet.
After flowing through the dosing unit outlet, the DEF flows through the supply lines to the dosing
valves.
Page 9 of 16
Scene Number: 42521320 - Aftertreatment SCR Catalyst - Initial Check
Clean the surface surrounding the access panels to avoid getting foreign material into the SCR inlet
chamber.
Remove the eight capscrews and discard the gasket.
Check the aftertreatment SCR catalyst housing and substrate for cracks and other damage. Replace
the aftertreatment SCR catalyst if damage is found.
Check the aftertreatment SCR catalyst for oil, fuel, or coolant. Replace the aftertreatment SCR
catalyst if oil, fuel, or coolant are found.
Check the aftertreatment SCR catalyst inlet for DEF deposits.
Before replacing the exhaust aftertreatment SCR catalyst, the source of the upstream malfunction
must be identified and corrected. If the exhaust catalyst is replaced due to progressive damage from
engine oil or fuel contamination, clean the tailpipe from the turbocharger outlet to the exhaust
catalyst.
Prior to performing this procedure, perform the preparatory steps found on QuickServe Online.
Page 10 of 16
Scene Number: 42521370 - Aftertreatment SCR Catalyst - Install
If the SCR was replaced, install the thermal expansion hardware kit spacers with new drive studs.
Install all the spacers in the correct locations as seen on the previous SCR. The spacer is mounted to
the SCR using two drive studs. Make sure the side with chamfers and anti-friction coating is on the
outside against the OEM bracket.
Install thermal expansion hardware kits. Install the mounting bracket with the anti-friction coating side
against the OEM bracket and the chamfers and counter bores on the outside against T-sleeves.
Insert T-sleeve/Belleville assemblies into mounting bracket. Apply a light coat of anti-seize lubricant to
the thermal expansion hardware kit capscrews and hand-tighten.
Page 11 of 16
Scene Number: 42521410 - Aftertreatment DEF Dosing Unit Override Test - Test
The purpose of the aftertreatment diesel exhaust fluid dosing unit override test is to run the
aftertreatment DEF dosing system through a dosing cycle and check the aftertreatment DEF dosing
valve spray characteristics and the amount of DEF delivered in a specified time. (2 minutes). The test
can be accessed through the INSITE electronic service tool under ECM diagnostic tests.
Prior to performing the test, check for any leaks, blockages, or restrictions in the DEF lines between
the aftertreatment DEF dosing units and the aftertreatment DEF dosing valves and repair as
necessary. It may be necessary to perform the system leak test in INSITE to properly confirm.
Check that there is an adequate amount of DEF in the DEF tank prior to starting this test.
Confirm the DEF is not frozen. If the DEF is frozen, it will be necessary to run the engine to allow the
system to thaw.
Check the concentration and quality of the DEF.
Remove the aftertreatment DEF dosing valves. Refer to QuickServe Online for the proper procedure.
Utilize the aftertreatment clean care kits to cap off any exposed DEF fittings and lines immediately
upon removal. Failure to do so can contaminate the DEF fluid and cause aftertreatment performance
issues and unnecessary down time.
Plug the hole in the decomposition tube to avoid debris intrusion.
Page 12 of 16
Scene Number: 42521420 - Aftertreatment DEF Dosing Unit Override Test - Setup 1
Two gauge kits are available to check dosing unit pressure. Use either the pressure gauge tool kit or
the pressure gauge adapter along with a multimeter and pressure adapter.
Install the extension hoses and electrical extension cables onto the dosing valve lines, if required.
The extension kit is only to extend the dosing valve to a workable level in case the valve is not easily
accessible. Care should be taken to not mix up the dosing valve electrical connector and lines. Fault
codes will result. Hook up one set of lines and electrical connector at a time and label them.
Install a pressure gauge onto the DEF dosing valve inlet connector extension lines and connect the
extension lines and electrical extensions to the dosing valves.
Connect and check the batteries. Low battery voltage can cause inaccurate test results.
The DEF doser test stand is recommended for accurate DEF measurement, especially in a multi-
dosing valve system. However, it may be necessary, but not ideal, to capture the DEF in a clean
container and transfer the DEF to the measuring device for the final measurement. It is best if you
can run the test into a container capable of measuring the units specified for the best results and
accuracy. This way you do not have to transfer fluids from one container to another, where you can
lose accuracy in your measurement.
Obtain a clear plastic container (large enough to hold the aftertreatment DEF dosing valve) and a
graduated beaker, or equivalent. A measuring cup that is marked in milliliters (ml) or ounces (oz) can
also be used. The measuring device must be capable of measuring between 0 ml [0.0 oz] and 500 ml
[17.0 oz] in 5 ml [0.34 oz] increments.
Mount the dosing valves on the doser stand tool.
In the INSITE electronic service tool, run the aftertreatment DEF system leak test for the appropriate
bank.
Verify all air is purged from the lines.
Verify there are no leaks at the connections.
Scene Number: 42521430 - Aftertreatment DEF Dosing Unit Override Test - Setup 2
Watch for signs of larger drops and/or dripping DEF from the dosing valve tips. If a leak at a DEF
dosing valve tip is observed, replace that dosing valve. Refer to QuickServe Online for the proper
procedure.
Prior to performing this test, if not already directed by a fault code troubleshooting tree, view and
troubleshoot any fault codes with the INSITE electronic service tool. Reference the appropriate fault
code troubleshooting manual on QuickServe Online.
Page 13 of 16
Scene Number: 42521440 - Aftertreatment DEF Dosing Unit Override Test - Measure 1
Connect the INSITE electronic service tool.
Turn the keyswitch ON.
Run the Diesel Exhaust Fluid Doser Pump Override Test under ECM Diagnostic Tests.
The INSITE electronic service tool will start the test and will inject the DEF for 2 minutes. INSITE will
automatically disable the injector at the end of the test.
If the test needs to be stopped before finishing, click the Stop button.
Observe the pressure gauge reading and the dosing valves spray patterns during the flow test. The
spray patterns should be a uniform fine mist spray and the valves should not be dripping.
After the test is complete, measure the amount of DEF sprayed into the containers. Pour the DEF into
the graduated beaker, or equivalent, if not using the DEF doser test stand service tool.
Perform the test three times. The amount of DEF measured for each test must be within specification.
Refer to QuickServe Online for specifications.
Inspect the collected sample of DEF for signs of debris or contamination and dispose of the DEF in
accordance with local environmental regulations. Do not pour the DEF back into the DEF tank.
If the amount of DEF is not within specification, check for leaks, blockages, or restrictions in the DEF
line between the aftertreatment DEF dosing unit and the aftertreatment DEF dosing valve.
Scene Number: 42521450 - Aftertreatment DEF Dosing Unit Override Test - Measure 2
Clean the DEF dosing valve if one or more of the test results is below 216 ml [7.3 oz].
Replace the DEF dosing valve if one or more of the test results is above 264 ml [8.9 oz].
Replace the DEF dosing valve if the test results vary with both below-specification and above-
specification conditions. This could be an erratic valve with intermittent malfunction and must be
replaced.
The aftertreatment DEF dosing valve may have been plugged by debris. Inspect the aftertreatment
DEF dosing unit filter for signs of contamination and debris prior to installing the new aftertreatment
DEF dosing valve.
Page 14 of 16
Scene Number: 42521460 - Aftertreatment DEF Dosing Unit Override Test - Install 1
Remove the dosing valves from the doser stand tool and remove the pressure gauge, aftertreatment
DEF extension lines and electrical extensions.
Install the dosing valves. Refer to QuickServe Online for the proper procedure.
Thoroughly flush the extension lines and pressure gauge tool using warm, clean water.
To complete this test, perform the finishing steps found on QuickServe Online.
Scene Number: 42521470 - Practice Exercise, Aftertreatment Coolant and DEF Flows
Drag and drop the labels to the correct location on the aftertreatment system.
Page 15 of 16
Scene Number: 42521530 - Assessment
True or False: Any type of coolant valve, as long as it is normally closed will work to control the
coolant heating circuit for the DEF tank?
Page 16 of 16