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Chapter-3 2
Chapter-3 2
Chapter-3 2
This method helped the proponents formulate the best possible alternative for
determination of its defects and how it could be produced and eliminated. Library
research method also used to substantiate the data gathered from the feasibility study.
Creative Research Method.This is the formulation of new ideas (or a new set of ideas)
that open up a new cognitive frame or bring theoretical claims. It also helps answer
The respondents of the study were comprised of thirty(30) random persons coming
from students whose ages range from 15 years old and above of both women and men.
All the chosen respondents are qualified to answer the given surveys that are provided
Research Instruments
To gather the needed data for the study, the subsequent instruments were employed:
specified the set of response alternatives and the response format. It refers to the
comments of the respondent either positive or negative and either reaction upon using
the proposed system. In order to formulate and design an effective system, the
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Observation. This is based on direct observation of the proponents. It helped in the
analysis of data gathered and gave weight to authenticity of the answers given in the
questions.
Validation of Instruments
The constructed questionnaire and evaluation form for the study was subjected
through validity and reliability test. Comments by the proponents’ adviser from AMA
Computer College – Fairview Campus were reviewed and incorporated for validity. The
proponents also sought the help of a grammarian to make sure that the instruments
Analytical Tools. The analytical tools used by the proponents to plan and develop the
proposed system, and to illustrate and determine the flow of the program where:
problem in which symbols represent the operation, data flow hardware and system plan.
Gantt Chart.A visual representation of a project schedule, a type of bar chart. A Gantt
chart shows the start and finish dates of the different required elements of a project.
Visual table of Contents (VTOC).It is a diagram that shows the level of detail
Data Flow Diagram (DFD).It maps out the flow of information for any process or
system. It uses defines symbols like rectangles, circles, arrows plus short text labels to
show the inputs, outputs, storage points and routes between each destination.
Input Process, Output (IPO). Is a widely used approach in systems analysis and
software engineering for describing the structure of the information processing program
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or other processes. It is also a graphical representation of all the factors that make up a
process.
Software development is a framework that is used to structure, plan and control the
The proponents will have used the gathered data to visualize the output of the proposed
Figure 3.0
Figure 3.0 shows the Agile Software Development model in which you can see that the
Planning.In this stage, the proponent prepares the requirements of the proposed
system. The proponents gather information on how to create a system and information
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about the requirements of the end-users that was used in the development of the
Feedback.In this phase, the proponents are able to clarify their understanding on their
proposed system, helped them see things in new ways and helped them correct their
course. This is also where the proponents consider the feedback of the users so that
they will be able to plan and improve their system according to the liking of the users.
There is a stage of demonstration and retrospect, which makes presents how the plan is
to be undergone.
programming and deployment. Many implementations may exist for a given specification
or standard. The Implementation is when the plan is executed, or when the coding in the
program happens, and certain parts of the developed system are made. The design and
the system itself, ready to be tested, and checked for lacking features or prevalent
problems.
Testing.This stage is when the researchers run the application in development for error
checking, problem sighting and bug-fixing. This stage is where the researchers undergo
trial and error to detect errors in the system in order to ensure that the proposed system
will work. It also provides an objective, independent view of the software to allow the
This section discusses how the results were evaluated in terms of the performance and
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to determine:
Technical Feasibility.Is the complete study of the project in terms of input, output,
fields, programs and procedures. For this method the proponents have a very effective
tool for long term planning and trouble shooting. For the technical feasibility should most
Economic Feasibility.In this method, the proponents say whether the system is
economically feasible or not. This also demonstrate the net benefit of a proposed project
benefits and cost to the user, agency or the general public as a whole
Operational Feasibility.In this method, we measured how well the proposed study
solved the problems in the existing system and how the proposed system satisfied the
This method refers to the measure of solving problems with the help of a new proposed
system.
The statistical tools used for the study in the interpretation of data and the testing of
null hypothesis were the Percentage Formula, Likert Scale, Mean, Weighted Mean,
Standard Deviation, T-test and Ranking. The formulas for the statistical tool used are the
following:
the profile of the respondents of the study in terms of age, gender and profession. The
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𝑓
𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒆 % = 𝑥100
𝑁
Where:
the motivation factors, the five-point Likert scale was used with the following equivalent
points.
Table 3.0
Likert Scale
Verbal
Table 3.0 shows the Likert Scale with its corresponding rating which interprets the
perception of the respondents to the effectiveness of the motivation factors. The scale of
This scale is used to interpret the effectiveness of the motivation factors of the
respondents.
Mean. It is used to derive the central tendency of the data in question. Adding all the
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data points in a population and then dividing the total by the number of points determine
∑𝑥
𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑋 =
𝑁
Where:
the individual values. It is considered as the proper weights assigned to the observed
values according to their relative importance. The weighted mean is calculated using the
following formula.
∑(𝑋1 + 𝑋2 + ⋯ + 𝑋𝑛)
𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔𝑡𝑒𝑑𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛(𝑊𝑀) =
𝑁
Where:
measuring the spread of the data set and the relationship of the mean to the rest of the
data. If the data points are close to the mean, indicating that the responses are fairly
uniform, then the standard deviation will be large. If all the data values are equal, then
the standard deviation will be zero. The standard deviation is calculated using the
following formula.
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2
∑𝑓 𝑋 − 𝑋
𝑆=
𝑛−1
Where:
if sample size is sufficiently large and the underlying data are normally distributed. The
𝑊𝑀𝑃 − 𝑊𝑀𝐸
𝑡=
𝑆𝑃2 𝑆𝐸2
𝑛𝑝 + 𝒏𝑬
Where:
Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA). A systematic approach to estimating the strengths and
requirements); it is used to determine options that provide the best approach to achieve
benefits while preserving savings. Quantities and adds all the positive factors, these are
the benefits. Then it identifies quantities and subtracts all negatives, the cost. This is
also a technique used to compare the total cost of a programmed/project with it’s
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benefits, using a common metric. This enables the calculation of the net cost or benefit
associated with the programmed. The following shows the formula that is needed for the
computation of the development of the system, hardware and cost of labour or the
people-ware.
Hardware Acquisition
Formula:
𝐻𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑒𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡
𝑥𝐷𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝐿𝑖𝑓𝑒𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑦
𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 =
12𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑠
𝐻𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑒𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 − 𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
𝐴𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑙𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 =
𝐿𝑖𝑓𝑒𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑦
𝐴𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑙𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑀𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑙𝑦𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 =
12𝑀𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑠
Formula:
𝑆𝑜𝑓𝑡𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑒𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡
𝑥𝐷𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝐿𝑖𝑓𝑒𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑦
𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 =
12𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑠
𝑆𝑜𝑓𝑡𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑒𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 − 𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
𝐴𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑙𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 =
𝐿𝑖𝑓𝑒𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑦
𝐴𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑙𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑀𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑙𝑦𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 =
12𝑀𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑠
Miscellaneous Cost
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Formula: 𝑀𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑠𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑓𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑠
Overhead Cost
Formula:
𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠 𝑥 𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓𝐻𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠𝐴𝑀𝑜𝑛𝑡
𝐾𝑤𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑝𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 =
1𝐾𝑤(1000𝑤)
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑂𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡
= 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑐𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟1𝑠𝑡𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡 + 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑐𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟2𝑛𝑑𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡
+ 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑐𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟3𝑟𝑑𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡
+ 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑀𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑠𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 + 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑂𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡
Software Cost
Formula:
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑆𝑜𝑓𝑡𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑒𝐷𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡
𝑆𝑜𝑓𝑡𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑒𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 =
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑓𝐶𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑠
Selling Price
Formula:
Mark up = 25%
𝑆𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 = 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑑𝑆𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑥𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑢𝑝
Additional Costs:
Package Cost
CD Cost
User’s manual
Total Selling Price
Formula: