Tribhuvan University

Institute of Engineering
Purwanchal Campus
Dharan, Nepal

PROPOSAL FOR BIO-GAS PRODUCTION WITH IT’S

APPLICATION
Submitted To
1. OVERVIEW
Biogas is a type of renewable energy that is produced
through the anaerobic digestion or fermentation of organic
matter by bacteria. This process breaks down organic materials,
such as agricultural and municipal waste, animal manure, and
sewage, in the absence of oxygen. The result is a gas primarily
composed of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), along
with trace amounts of other gases.

Biogas serves as a sustainable energy source by harnessing

methane produced through anaerobic digestion of organic
waste. This renewable process not only mitigates greenhouse
gas emissions but also addresses waste management challenges.
By utilizing agricultural residues, animal manure, and food
waste, biogas provides a carbon-neutral alternative to traditional
fuels. Its decentralized production fosters local energy security
and rural development, offering cleaner cooking options and
economic opportunities. Additionally, the nutrient-rich digestate
byproduct enhances soil fertility, creating a closed-loop system.
Overall, biogas represents a multifaceted solution that aligns
with environmental, economic, and social sustainability goals.

2. OBJECTIVE
The main objective for Bio-gas generation includes
managing organic waste, providing renewable
energy and enhancing agricultural practices.
3. Why Bio-Gas
Bio-gas can be utilized to operate various technologies and
appliances. The key factor is the conversion of the energy stored in
biogas into usable forms. Here are some technologies that can be
powered using biogas:

1. Electricity Generation (Biogas Generators): Biogas can be

used to fuel generators that produce electricity. This electricity
can be used to power lights, appliances, and other electrical
devices.

2. Cooking Appliances (Biogas Stoves): Biogas can be used as

a clean-burning fuel for cooking stoves, providing an
alternative to traditional cooking fuels such as wood or
charcoal.

3. Heating Systems (Biogas Heaters): Biogas can be used for

space heating in homes, schools, and other buildings. It can be
employed in gas heaters for warmth during colder seasons.

4. Absorption Refrigeration (Biogas-Powered Refrigerators):

Biogas can be used to power absorption refrigeration systems,
providing cooling for storage of perishable goods.

5. Biofuel Production (Biogas Upgrading): Biogas can be

upgraded to biomethane, a higher-quality gas with increased
methane content. Biomethane can be used as a vehicle fuel,
providing an alternative to traditional fossil fuels.
 6. Greenhouses (Biogas for Greenhouse Heating): In
agriculture, biogas can be used to heat greenhouses, helping to
maintain optimal growing conditions for plants.
7. Biogas-Powered Vehicles (Biogas-Fueled Vehicles):
Vehicles can be adapted to run on compressed biogas (CBG)
or biomethane, providing a renewable and cleaner alternative
to traditional gasoline or DIESEL.

8. Mechanical Power (Biogas Engines): Biogas can be used to

power engines for mechanical applications, such as water
pumps or agricultural machinery.

4. WORKING
The working of Bio-
Gas plant involves
formation of methane by the
anaerobic digestion of
organic matter, leading to
the production of biogas, a
mixture of methane(CH4)
and carbon dioxide (CO2),
along with trace amount of
other gases and its storage.
It include a big tank which contains the organic waste (cow dung,
kitchen waste such as rice and vegetables) about 60% of its volume
which is crushed into very small pieces and diluted in the ratio of
1:1, kept for about 10 days.
 In this 10 days the bacteria breakdowns the complex organic
compound in the feedstock in the absence of oxygen. This process
of anaerobic digestion produces methane (CH 4) and carbon dioxide
(CO2) as byproduct. This gas collects at the upper volume of the
tank. This collected gas is primarily filtered to remove carbon
dioxide (CO2 + H2O → H2CO3) and then stored into the storage
tank.

5. WORK SCHEDULE
Days Work
1st Day Gather materials (Pipes, tank, tube etc.)
Measure and cut the frame components
according to design specifications.
2nd Day Set all components according to the design by
following precautions like airtight fittings,
avoid of water leakage.
3rd Day Gather of raw materials (cow dung, kitchen
waste) for plant. And also crush the raw
materials into small pieces and make it dilute
in the ratio of 1:1 and fill it to the tank.
4th -7th day Inspection of plant. Favorable conditions such
as temperature and humidity is maintained
8th day Add some more raw materials and check for
the storage tank. If storage tank is full then
replace it with another one.
6. COMPONENET ESTIMATION AND
COSTING

Description Quality Rate Price

Tank nipple (1/2”) 1 180 180
Blow vavle (1/2”) 3 260 780
Nipple (1/2”) 4 75 300
T-Socket (1/2”) 1 65 65
Steel pipe (1/2” *3”) 4 30 120
Motorcycle tube 1 400 400
Water pipe 1 500 500
M-seal 3 50 150
Water tape 1 75 75
Vega quick 1 150 150
Plastic PVC pipe (3”, 5ft) 1 250 250
Reducer 1 250 250
Cap (3”) 1 120 120
Elbow PVC (3”) 1 200 200
Clipper 6 16.66 100
Water tank (200 ltrs) 1 2800 2800
PVC solvent (200 ml) 1 200 200

Total : 6640
7. EXPECTED RESULT
1. Renewable Energy Production: The biogas plant can
produce a small amount of renewable energy in the form of
methane. This can be used to power simple applications like a
gas stove for cooking or a small gas lamp, demonstrating the
potential of biogas as a clean energy source.

2. Waste Management: The biogas plant provides a practical

lesson in waste management by utilizing organic waste
materials such as food scraps, kitchen waste, or agricultural
residues. Students learn about the benefits of converting waste
into valuable resources.

3. Environmental Stewardship: Students develop a sense of

environmental stewardship by actively participating in a
project that promotes sustainable practices. They understand
the importance of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and
promoting renewable energy solutions.

4. Innovation and Creativity: Students may explore innovative

solutions and creative ideas to optimize the biogas production
process or address challenges encountered during the project.
This fosters a spirit of innovation and creativity.

5. Long-Term Sustainability: The knowledge gained from the

project may inspire long-term sustainable practices among
students, influencing their choices and behaviors related to
energy consumption, waste management, and environmental
conservation.