Zac Moorhead

Name: ………………………………………..…………..
Dunn Tutor: ………………
Sarah -

Week 5: Alkanes and Alkenes (part 1)

1. Butane, C4H10, reacts with bromine, Br2, in the presence of sunlight

to form a mixture of chlorinated products. One possible product is
C4H9Br, formed as shown in the equation below.
C4H10 + Br2  C4H9Br + HBr
a) Describe, with the aid of equations, the mechanism of this reaction.
0
[4]

Initiation: Brz - Br"+ Bri

Propagation:

⑧
CuHio+Br -
C4Hq+HBr
CHHq+ Brz -> CuHar +Brr

Termination:
·
Brz - Br"+ Br

CHHq+ Brz -> CuHaBr +Bri

·

CuHq +CuMa ->

CoMis

One other possible product of the reaction between butane and bromine
is compound C shown below
H H H H

H C C C C Br

H H Br H

(i) Name compound C

⑧[1]

1 ,
2-dibromobutane
(ii) Write equations to show how this compound has formed.

CuMqBr +
Bri - Har +Br 0
[2]
·

cutoBr+Br - CuHoBr+Br ·

(iii) Another possible product in this reaction is octane, C8H18. Explain

how this is formed.
·
O
[1]
CyHq +C4Hq ->
CoHis

2. Each of the compounds, G, H and I has the molecular formula C5H12.

a) G, H and I all react with Chlorine as shown below.

C5H12 + Cl2  C5H11Cl + HCl

The reaction is initiated by the formation of chlorine radicals.

(i) What is meant by the term radical? 0

[1]
A species with an unpaired electron

(ii) Write an equation to show the formation of the radicals.

Cl -- Cl
0
[1]
+ Cl
(iii) State the type of bond breaking involved in the formation of the
radicals. O
[1]

Homolytic bond fission

3. Propene reacts as shown below

H CH3

C C

H H
Propene
reaction 1 reaction 2

H CH3 H CH3

H C C H H C C H

H Br H H

2-bromopropane propane

(i) State a suitable reagent for reaction 1 O

[1]

HBr

(ii) State a suitable reagent and conditions for reaction 2. O

[2]
u u

Hzg) / Ni
catalyst

I
(iii) In the presence of an acid catalyst, propene can react readily with
steam to form a mixture of two alcohols. Draw the structure of the
two alcohols. O
[2]
Or

⑪ OH

propan-2-0l
propan-101

(iv) Propene is unsaturated and contains a π bond. Explain, with the aid
of a diagram, how p-orbitals are involved in the formation of the π
bond in propene.
p-orbitals I bond
O
[2]
~ -
14
↑
- &D CH3 sideways - & O- C3
overlap
- c -> -C
-

of adjacent /
'O Or p-orbitals
MWi
11

(v) Describe how propene and propane can be distinguished by a simple

chemical test. O
[2]
·
Add Brz(ag)
Propene will colourless
turn when
Breca
·

is added

propane will
stay
·

orange when Brzlaa

added .