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UNCOVERING THE ROOTS OF PANIC:

INVESTIGATING STIMULI AND COPING STRATEGIES IN ANXIETY
DISORDERS

A Case Report Presented To

Ms. Mary Princess G. Cabaguing
Faculty, Senior High School
Fiat Lux Academe

Presented by:

Grade XI – HUMSS Aristotle

Albaniel, Jhon Edriel

Basada, Raphael
Cortan, Willard
Dimasayao, Justine
Familiar, Jhune Benedict
Hipolito, Arwyn
Mendoza, Eugene Noriel
Roldan, Aizekle Stanly
Satparam, Edgardo

Ilagan, Alieza Mae

Rosales, Aleah Mae

10 January 2024
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Abstract
This case study underscores the importance of unraveling the intricate relationship between
triggers and coping strategies to inform more effective therapeutic interventions in the realm of
anxiety disorders. Through a comprehensive analysis of individual cases, this study aims to identify
common patterns and themes in triggering events, shedding light on the diverse range of stimuli that
can induce panic in individuals with anxiety disorders.
The findings aim to contribute valuable insights to the development of targeted interventions,
fostering a more nuanced and personalized approach to the treatment of anxiety disorders.

Introduction

Anxiety disorder is a mental health ailment characterized by heightened feelings of fear,

apprehension, or anxiety. It is a persistent condition that can disrupt day-to-day functioning and
overall well-being. The development of this disorder can be influenced by a range of factors,
including stress, traumatic experiences, genetic predisposition, and imbalances in brain chemistry. The
manifestations of anxiety disorder may include specific phobias, social isolation, and episodes of
intense panic.

A depressive episode can be categorized as mild, moderate, or severe depending on the

number and severity of symptoms, as well as the impact on the individual’s functioning. Individuals
who have experienced challenging life circumstances such as job loss, loss of a loved one, or
traumatic incidents are at an increased risk of developing depression. This, in turn, can contribute to
heightened stress levels, impaired functioning, and a deterioration of both the individual's life
circumstances and the severity of the depression itself. On the other hand, early experiences,
especially adverse ones, can have a lasting impact on mental health. Childhood adversity, neglect, or
attachment issues may increase vulnerability to anxiety disorders later in life. Furthermore, certain
personality traits, such as a tendency towards perfectionism, excessive worrying, or a negative
outlook, may predispose individuals to anxiety disorders. High levels of neuroticism or introversion
can also be associated with an increased risk. Specific genetic factors may influence the regulation of
neurotransmitters and the overall functioning of the nervous system, contributing to heightened
anxiety as well. Chronic medical conditions, hormonal imbalances, and other physical health issues
can impact the body's response to stress and contribute to the development of anxiety disorders.

Among the myriad manifestations of anxiety, panic episodes stand out as intense, abrupt
surges of fear often accompanied by physiological distress. By scrutinizing the stimuli that elicit panic
responses, this study aims to uncover commonalities and variations in triggering events, offering
insights into the diverse array of circumstances that can provoke heightened anxiety levels. This
exploration is crucial for advancing our comprehension of the intricate dynamics that underlie panic
in anxiety. It's important to note that the interplay of these factors is complex, and not everyone with
risk factors will develop an anxiety disorder. The field of mental health is continually evolving, and
ongoing research aims to deepen our understanding of the intricate mechanisms involved in anxiety
disorders.
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Case Study and Literature Review
Cited in this part are the analysis of researches and studies dedicated to understanding the root
anxiety disorders, encompassing a range of topics.
According to Bernaras et al.(2019),the rise in depression prevalence is attributed to
unfavorable interpersonal relationships and the connection with one's environment, coupled with
social-cultural shifts. Furthermore, the researchers assert that numerous tools can be utilized to
alleviate depression, but placing greater emphasis on ongoing testing for early-stage diagnosis is
crucial. In terms of preventive measures, the study recommends their implementation from early ages,
and ultimately, the majority of depression treatments are more intensive and efficacious.
An inquiry on the other hand conducted by Bernaras et al. (2019) asserts that anxiety is the
leading cause of disability-related illnesses globally. The study specifically delved into depression
among children and adolescents, given the notable association of these age groups with a high
incidence of the condition. The research also scrutinized theories that underpin and elucidate
depression, offering an overview of disorders prevalent in children and adolescents. The authors of
this study conclude that, in terms of mental distinctions between adults and children, there is no
significant difference in depression. Therefore, the emphasis is placed on the theory of explanation to
foster a better understanding of depression. Additionally, the research advocates for a multifactorial
approach in both treatment and prevention, with a suggestion that universal programs may be more
effective due to their broad application. However, the study's outcomes are constrained in providing a
definitive conclusion and do not demonstrate solid long-term efficacy.
Stark et al. (2018) conducted a study examining the perspective of depression in older
primary care patients, focusing on treatment and opportunities for managing depression. The research
revealed that depression is highly prevalent among the elderly and has significant health-related
consequences. Symptoms such as sadness and withdrawal were identified as common in older
individuals. The repercussions of depression include risks such as suicide, social isolation, loss of
familial and occupational connections, and diminished self-esteem. According to Stark et al. (2018),
the causes of this condition are categorized into changes in life events and internal factors.
In a work environment, studies indicate several challenges in diagnosing depression.
Employees may refrain from seeking diagnosis due to factors such as physicians lacking the necessary
skills, the stigma surrounding mental health, limited access to treatment and providers, constraints on
medications and psychotherapeutic care, and restrictions imposed by third-party coverage. Many
organizational study outcomes lack a systematic approach to addressing employee depression.
Educational institutions were identified as having programs to assist individuals dealing with
depression, while some organizations view depression as a personal matter, providing services only
when employees explicitly seek help.

The anxiety experienced during pregnancy can manifest in various forms, including
generalized anxiety about the future, specific fears related to childbirth or parenting, and health-
related anxieties concerning the pregnancy itself. Additionally, women with pre-existing anxiety
disorders may find that pregnancy amplifies their symptoms, requiring careful attention and tailored
support. Smith et al. (2019) highlight a preference among pregnant women for non-
pharmacological treatment options. They favor therapies and complementary medicines over
pharmaceutical interventions to manage the associated symptoms.
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Findings and Prevalence

 Helping patients understand how automated thoughts on beliefs, expectations, and attitudes
have a major contribution to anxiety and sadness. Interpersonal therapy aims to identify and
solve problems through the establishment and maintenance of a satisfying relationship. Lastly,
supportive therapy is an unstructured approach that relies on the basic interpersonal skills of
the therapist.

 The study findings also highlight the importance of family and school in the treatment
of depression. Finally, it was proved that adolescents with less family attention were
more vulnerable to depression and less likely to receive mental and medical treatment.
Furthermore, the findings indicated that those with depression and anxiety exhibited
slower improvement compared to other groups. Additionally, individuals with better
overall health demonstrated significant enhancements in mental well-being. The
research concluded that depression emerged as the primary determinant influencing
physical, mental, and functional outcomes.

 Findings of the research have indicated that patients with higher education levels have less
depression and are happier before surgery. Results have also illustrated that people with
depression and anxiety were found to improve at a low rate than other groups. It also stated
that patients with greater health were seen to have a considerable improvement in mental
health. The conclusion of the research showed that the main determinant of physical, mental,
and functional outcomes was depression.
 Antipsychotics, anxiolytics, and mood stabilizers were predominantly employed in the
treatment of individuals experiencing higher levels of distress rather than lower ones. Olfson
et al. (2016) noted that these medications were primarily reserved for patients with more
complex and treatment-resistant conditions. Antipsychotic therapy is deemed appropriate for
individuals resistant to antidepressant usage. Anxiolytics play a significant role in addressing
anxiety issues that do not respond to antidepressants. Lastly, mood stabilizers assist in
mitigating agitations associated with depression.
To surpass anxiety, we should learn if we are embodied by this disorder. The more you know, the
better prepared you will be to manage symptoms and roadblocks along the way. Don’t be afraid to ask
your doctor any questions you might have. Stick to your treatment plan: Suddenly stopping your meds
can cause unpleasant side effects and can even trigger anxiety symptoms. Eat right and exercise. Brisk
aerobic exercises like jogging and biking help release brain chemicals that cut stress and improve your
mood. Get better sleep. Sleep problems and anxiety disorder often go hand in hand. Make getting
good rest a priority. Follow a relaxing bedtime routine. Learn to relax. Stress management is an
important part of your anxiety disorder treatment plan. Things like meditation, or mindfulness, can
help you unwind after a stressful day and may make your treatment work better. Keep a journal.
Writing down your thoughts before the day is down may help you relax so you’re not tossing and
turning with anxious thoughts all night. Manage your negative thoughts. Thinking positive thoughts
instead of worrisome ones can help reduce anxiety. This can be challenging if you have certain types
of anxiety, however. Cognitive behavioral therapy can teach you how to redirect your thoughts. Get
together with friends. Whether it’s in person, on the phone, or the computer, social connections help
people thrive and stay healthy. People who have a close group of friends that support and chat with
them have lower levels of social anxiety. Seek support. Some people find it helpful and uplifting to
talk to others who are experiencing the same symptoms and emotions. Self-help or support groups let
you share your concerns and achievements with others who are or who have been there. Ask your
doctor or pharmacist before taking any over-the-counter meds or herbal remedies. Many have
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chemicals that can make anxiety symptoms worse.

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Summary:

Etiology (Cause of the Disorder)

There are several factors that can trigger or cause an anxiety disorder.
Here are some of them:
 Genetics: Anxiety disorders can be hereditary.

 Brain chemistry: Some research suggests anxiety disorders may be linked to faulty circuits in
the brain that control fear and emotions.

 Environmental stress: This refers to stressful events you have seen or lived through. Life
events often linked to anxiety disorders include childhood abuse and neglect, a death of a
loved one, or being attacked or seeing violence.

 Drug withdrawal or misuse: Certain drugs may be used to hide or decrease certain anxiety
symptoms. Anxiety disorder often goes hand in hand with alcohol and substance use.

 Medical conditions: Some heart, lung, and thyroid conditions can cause symptoms similar to
anxiety disorders or make anxiety symptoms worse.

Depression continues to rank among the top five global illnesses, and research consistently
indicates that age is not a determining factor; everyone is susceptible to developing this condition.
Numerous studies highlight depression as a primary factor contributing to suicide and fatalities,
particularly among children and adolescents. Various methods, including the use of antidepressants
for those with mild depression, can aid individuals grappling with despair.

Conclusion:
Early detection, appropriate therapeutic interventions, and a supportive environment are essential
components in addressing anxiety and improving the overall mental health and quality of life of
individuals affected by this condition. Additionally, promoting awareness, reducing stigma, and
fostering open conversations about anxiety are vital steps toward creating a more supportive and
understanding society.
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References:

 https://proudlywomen.org/understanding-anxiety-disorder-and-knowing-when-to-seek-
help/?gclid=CjwKCAiA-
vOsBhAAEiwAIWR0TZc8dYQQzRXLPYlWee61ppIGcEGE9rFD2fPBVmBMA5fobkr
r2WYfuhoC0dEQAvD_BwE
 https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression/?gclid=CjwKCAiA-
vOsBhAAEiwAIWR0TUR3lrn5aY_ImTdi-GN-
4wvwg3yhrF5Nbh79soilGEbVlynz2LLM6xoCrJkQAvD_BwE
 Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation. Global Health Data Exchange
(GHDx). https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-results/ (Accessed 4 March 2023).
 Woody CA, Ferrari AJ, Siskind DJ, Whiteford HA, Harris MG. A systematic review and
meta-regression of the prevalence and incidence of perinatal depression. J Affect Disord.
2017;219:86–92.
 Evans-Lacko S, Aguilar-Gaxiola S, Al-Hamzawi A, et al. Socio-economic variations in
the mental health treatment gap for people with anxiety, mood, and substance use
disorders: results from the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) surveys. Psychol Med.
2018;48(9):1560-1571.
 https://proudlywomen.org/understanding-anxiety-disorder-and-knowing-when-to-seek-
help/?gclid=CjwKCAiA-
vOsBhAAEiwAIWR0TZc8dYQQzRXLPYlWee61ppIGcEGE9rFD2fPBVmBMA5fobkr
r2WYfuhoC0dEQAvD_BwE
 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/article-abstract/493163
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Content: Exellent Good Needs

5 3 Improvement
1
Identification of
Mental Disorder

Analysis of the
Mental Disorder

Comments/
Recommendations
on Effective
Solutions/
Strategies

Presentation: Excellent Good Needs

5 3 Improvement
1
Delivery

Visuals

Participation in
Team Presentation
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Name of Member Contribution Evaluation Score
Albaniel, Jhon Edriel

Basada, Raphael

Cortan, Willard

Dimasayao, Justine

Familiar, Jhune
Benedict

Hipolito, Arwyn

Mendoza, Eugene
Noriel

Roldan, Aizekle Stanly

Satparam, Edgardo

Ilagan, Alieza Mae

Rosales, Aleah Mae