ART APPRECIATION

LESSON 2: WESTERN VISUAL ART HISTORY

STONE AGE (30000 BCE-2500 BCE) ROMAN (500 BCE-476 BCE)

ü CHARACTERISTICS ü CHARACTERISTICS
– Cave painting, fertility goddesses, megalithic structures – Roman realism, practical and down to earth, the arch
ü POPULAR ARTISTS AND ART WORKS ü POPULAR ARTISTS AND ART WORKS
– Lascaux Cave Painting, Venus of Willendorf, Stonehenge – Augustus of Primaporta, Coliseum, Trahan's Column,
ü SIGNIFICANT HISTORICAL EVENT Pantheon
– Ice Gael ends (10000 BCE- 8000 BCE) ü SIGNIFICANT HISTORICAL EVENT
– New Stone Age and first permanent settlements (8000 BCE- – Julius Caesar assassinated (44 BCE)
2500 BCE) – Augustus proclaimed Emperor (27 BCE)
– Diocletian splits Empire (CE 292)
– Rome falls (CE 476)

MESOPOTAMIAN (3500 BCE-539 BCE)

ü CHARACTERISTICS
– Warrior Art and narration in stone relief
ü POPULAR ARTISTS AND ART WORKS
– Standard of Ur, Gate of Ishtar, State of Hammurabi's Code HINDU, CHINESE, AND JAPANESE (653 BCE-CE 1900)
ü SIGNIFICANT HISTORICAL EVENT ü CHARACTERISTICS
– Sumerian invent writing (3400 BCE) – Serene meditative art and Arts of the Floating World
– Hammurabi writes his law code (1780 BCE) ü POPULAR ARTISTS AND ART WORKS
– Abraham founds monotheism – Gu Kaichi, Li Cheng, Geo Xi, Hokusai, Hiroshige
ü SIGNIFICANT HISTORICAL EVENT
– Birth of Buddha (563 BCE)
– Silk Road opens (1st century BCE)
– Buddhism spreads to China (1st-2nd centuries CE)
Portal guardians- Most impressive work; presented as animals or – Japan (5th century CE)
animals with human heads.
EGYPTIAN (3100 BCE-30 BCE)
ü CHARACTERISTICS
– Art with an afterlife focus
– pyramids, tombs, massive monumental structures
ü POPULAR ARTISTS AND ART WORKS
– Imhotep's Step Pyramids, temple of Rameses
– The Great Sphinx Om: Om-an invocation of the divine consciousness of God.
ü SIGNIFICANT HISTORICAL EVENT Swastika: a symbol of auspiciousness
– Narmer unites Upper/Lower Egypt (3100 BCE) Lotus flower: a symbol for purity, beauty, fertility and transcend
– Rameses II battles ü Manga, Calligraphy, Origami

BYZANTINE AND ISLAMIC (476 CE-1453 CE)

ü church theology
ü CHARACTERISTICS
GREEK AND HELLENISTIC (850 BCE-31 BCE) – Heavenly Byzantine Mosaics, Islamic Architecture, and
ü CHARACTERISTICS amazing maze-like design
– Greek idealism, balance, perfect proportions ü POPULAR ARTISTS AND ART WORKS
– architectural orders (doric| ionic | corinthian; complex) – Hagia Sophia, Andrei Rublev
ü POPULAR ARTISTS AND ART WORKS – Mosque of Cordoba, the Alhambra
– Parthenon, Myron, Phidias, Polykleitos, Praxiteles ü SIGNIFICANT HISTORICAL EVENT
ü SIGNIFICANT HISTORICAL EVENT – Justinian partly restores Western Roman Empire (533 CE -
– Athens defeats Persia (490 BCE), Peloponnesian 562 CE) | Iconoclasm Controversy (726 CE -8430CE)
Sculptural styles: Archaic (stiff, rigid), classical (realistic, w/ movement) – Birth of Islam (610CE) | Muslim Conquests (632CE-7320CE)
Hellenistic (human form).

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ART APPRECIATION
LESSON 2: WESTERN VISUAL ART HISTORY
MIDDLE AGES (500-1400)- dark ages
ü CHARACTERISTICS
– Celtic Art, Carolingian Renaissance, Romanesque, Gothic
ü POPULAR ARTISTS AND ART WORKS
– St. Sernin, Durham Cathedral, Norte Dame
– Charters, Cimabue, Duccio, Giotto
ü SIGNIFICANT HISTORICAL EVENT
– Viking Raids (793-1066) | Battle of Hastings (1066);
– Crusades I to IV (1095-1204) | Black Death (4347-1351)
– Hundred Years' War (1337-1453)
EARLY AND HIGH RENAISSANCE- age of enlightenment
ü CHARACTERISTICS
– Rebirth of classical culture
ü POPULAR ARTISTS AND ART WORKS
– Ghiberti Doors, Brunelleschi, Donatello,
– Botticelli, Leonardo, Michelangelo, Raphael
ü SIGNIFICANT HISTORICAL EVENT
– Gutenberg invents movable type (1447)
– Turks conquers Constantinople (1453)
– Columbus lands in Nee World (1492)
– Luther starts Reformation (1517)
VENETIAN AND NORTHERN RENAISSANCE (1430-1550)
ü CHARACTERISTICS
– The Renaissance spreads northward to France and the Lo
Countries, Poland, Germany and England
ü POPULAR ARTISTS AND ART WORKS
– Bellini, Giorgione, Titian, Durer, Bruegel, Bosch
– Jan van Eck, Roger van der Weyden
ü SIGNIFICANT HISTORICAL EVENT
– Council of Trent and Counter-Reformation (1545-1563)
– Copernicus proves Earth revolves around the Sun (1543)
MANNERISM (1527-1580)
ü CHARACTERISTICS
– Art that breaks the rules, artifice over nature
ü POPULAR ARTISTS AND ART WORKS
– Tintoretto, El Greco, Pontormo, Bronzino, Cellini
ü SIGNIFICANT HISTORICAL EVENT
– Magellan Circumnavigated the globe (1520-1522)
BAROQUE (1600-1750)
ü CHARACTERISTICS
– Splendour and flourish for God; art as a weapon in the
religious wars
ü POPULAR ARTISTS AND ART WORKS
– Reubens, Rembrandt, Caravaggio, Palace of Versailles
ü SIGNIFICANT HISTORICAL EVENT
– 30 Years' War between Catholics & Protestants (1618-1648)
NEOCLASSICAL (1750-1850)
ü CHARACTERISTICS
– Art that recaptures Greco- Roman grace and grandeur
ü POPULAR ARTISTS AND ART WORKS
– David, Ingress, Greuze, Canova
ü SIGNIFICANT HISTORICAL EVENT
– Enlightenment (18th century)
– Industrial REVOLUTION (1760-1850)
ROMANTICISM (1780-1850)
ü CHARACTERISTICS
– The triumph of imagination and individuality
ü POPULAR ARTISTS AND ART WORKS
– Caspar Friedrich, Gericault, Delacroix
– Turner, Benjamin West
ü SIGNIFICANT HISTORICAL EVENT
– American Revolution (1755-1783)
– French Revolution (1789-1799);
– Napoleon crowned emperor of France (1803)
REALISM (1848-1900)
ü CHARACTERISTICS
– Celebrating working class and peasants; en plain air rustic
painting
ü POPULAR ARTISTS AND ART WORKS
– Corot, Corbett, Daimler, Millet
ü SIGNIFICANT HISTORICAL EVENT
– European democratic revolutions of 1848
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ART APPRECIATION
LESSON 2: WESTERN VISUAL ART HISTORY
IMPRESSIONISM (1865-1885)
ü CHARACTERISTICS
– Capturing the fleeting effects of natural light
ü POPULAR ARTISTS AND ART WORKS
– Monet, Renoir, Picasso, Pissarro, Caesars, Morisot, Degas
ü SIGNIFICANT HISTORICAL EVENT
– France-Prussian War (1870-1871)
– Unification of Germany (1871)
POST-IMPRESSIONISM (1885-1910)
ü CHARACTERISTICS
– A soft revolt against
ü POPULAR ARTISTS AND ART WORKS
– Van Gogh, Gauguin, Cezanne, Seurat
ü SIGNIFICANT HISTORICAL EVENT
– Belle Epoque (late 19th century Golden Gael)
– Japan defeats Russia (1905)
FAUVISM AND EXPRESSIONISM (1900-1935)
ü CHARACTERISTICS
– Harsh colors and flat surfaces (Fauvism)
– emotion distorting form
ü POPULAR ARTISTS AND ART WORKS
– Matisse, Kardinsky and Munch
ü SIGNIFICANT HISTORICAL EVENT
– Boxer Rebellion on China (1900)| World War (1914-1918)
CUBISM, FUTURISM, SUPREMATIVISM,
CONSTRUCTIVISM, DE STIJL (1905-1920)
ü CHARACTERISTICS
– Pre and Post World War 1 art experiments; new forms to
express modern life
ü POPULAR ARTISTS AND ART WORKS
– Picasso, Braque, Leger, Boccioni, Severing, Malevich
ü SIGNIFICANT HISTORICAL EVENT
– Russian Revolution (1917)
– American Women franchised (1920)
DADAISM AND SURREALISM (1917-1950)
ü CHARACTERISTICS
– Ridiculous art, painting dreams & exploring the unconscious
ü POPULAR ARTISTS AND ART WORKS
– Duchamp, Dali, Ernst, Magritte, de Chirico, Kahlo
ü SIGNIFICANT HISTORICAL EVENT
– Disillusionment after World War 1
– the Great Depression (1929-1938)
– World War Il (1939-1945) and Nazi Horrors; atomic bombs
dropped on Japan (1945)
ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISM (1940S AND 1950S)
AND POP ART (1960S)
ü CHARACTERISTICS
– Post-World War II, pure abstraction and expression without
form, popular art absorbs consumerism
ü POPULAR ARTISTS AND ART WORKS
– Gorky, Pollock, de Kooning, Rothko, Warhol, Lichtenstein
ü SIGNIFICANT HISTORICAL EVENT
– Cold War and Vietnam War (US enters 1965)
– USSR suppresses
– Hungarian revolt (1956)
– Czechoslovakian revolt (1968)
POSTMODERNISM AND DECONSTRUCTIVISM (1970)
ü CHARACTERISTICS
– Art without a center and reworking and mixing past styles
ü POPULAR ARTISTS AND ART WORKS
– Gerhard Richter, Cindy Sherman, Anselm Kiefer
– Frank Gehry, Zaha Hadid
ü SIGNIFICANT HISTORICAL EVENT
– Nuclear freeze movement, Cold War fizzles, Communism
collapses in Eastern Europe and USSR (1989-1991)