iy/ date 24.10.

22 CAPACITORS
i s an enerqy storing device
A parallel plate cápacitor consîsts of.uo, parallel conduci ng
,

plates: separated b a ncutator.

SYMBOL CAPACT
INSULATOR

connect t awith D.C

To store the enerqy in the mpacitor we

pouser up

The D.C power SUpply stor es euil and opposite ehargésión each Plhbe.
when he soi g is eldsed è?s.How rom X to. ,he
ammeter gTves maximum veading int+ally,;Plabe X looses. e becomes
Positivey charged while Plate y Ains and becomes negatively

ehare
becomes zeso and the
Whe camcitors tolly Charqed, couent
becomes equal to E.M.F of cel.
P.D across capacitor
As charqe stores on each plate is equal and opposite ,
so the
net chatge stored n the capacitor is zero, thus not a

charoe storfnq deuice.

Areor Net charqe stored on ach plate Q.

CA PACITANCE Chorge stoed on eauh plar

per unit uout in
jay/date

isuoPe A c

AREAEnea |aQV
Stored.
. V

1C 6.aSx10e
ONIT OF C charge faroacd)
vott
xlO

when 4P.D is
Capacitance oitk be 1 F AC charqe is stoed
applied
the charges, sînce
AAS
s Fouer Sopply has to do w.D separatinq
in
to enesqu transfer,
therefore ENEeGY. s stored
. D is eajunl
the copacitor
&v: A
Energy sDveyin capacitor

cu|

8-cu Energy
V I8Ce)

L Di EELTRIC

is
The d.D bythe .batterqis böt energy stpred oicapaci ttr

haL when cutrenE

TRe othe
he alf of the energ s cOnverted in
BingO
 Everu conductor has a cappacitance

Cappacçitan ce mouybe considered as charge storing abilty.

CuaeGE METALIC SPHERE

.

Let us consider a metalic sphere of tadius R hawing charge on

s t s sar face assuming to be concentrated at center.

7.

cL1
K 44m¬s
V K CONSTANT
.

CAPRCITANCe ON A PARALLEL PUATE CAPAATOea

Let us consïder a capacîtor made up of tuo metallic phtes
hauing area
A ond distance /w pates d.

7.1. CA

c d
PERMITIVITY
OF MEDIUM
d e w eAPACITOR

PeRMvTy: -Ut isi capac tance àf iparduet play ed. capadtor

t-

hauing un't area and unit di tonce bw plates.

BingO
 AA apaci tor of apacitance af20vf is conneeted t h Jav D.C
Power supply Cadeiktute
.. Charge stored. on each Plate
... O.D by Power Süpply
:s. Enerqy stored in the capacditor
SOL UTION
.4. cv ..
3. Energy
(40x 10")x1 ;
40 8x103T| 1.44 x10*J
COMBINATIONS OF CAPAUTORS
`EDES PaRALLEL

E
C c3

CT C +Ca+ C3

Ci C >P.d same
Same charge stores on each plate Charge divides suchth
P.d divides
CV v

P.d dvides (vx 4)

VT V +V, +V3
The total capadtance decieases
in series and it is less han min.
vabwe oE capatance in series

BingO
ay/date 31,10.22

SAFE uoRKING VoLTAGE

be appled toa capactr
i s the maximum vottage that a n
wfthout aptasi-. chmaging i
safe. orking9
h e n capacitdrs "are connected in seies the tytal

uotage ncMses their

fapacitors aie dentical, then in seres e safe: worRing ounge
ais Sinpy added
I n parmllel , the afe workng votage of sustem of.:0apaca tors ts aua
vOutdge
to
to the minimum value c -eapartante in Paraileb.}.

Some capacitors aie marked 4 8 F , afe uorKin voltaqe is aSv.

Show houwa nomber of these pacftrs: inä be conected to providee
a
apacitor of capacitance
48 F, safe uorkinquolhage sov.

( 2 F safe ukina uttaqe aSv. :

ISOLUTTO
SOV
.a.

48UF 48 F
CT 4%-4F
24 + 24 48
5
48F 48F

2SV 25V

.b.
481 4 72
24uF

HH
12.SV 2.SV

48y F
day/date Ol. 1. 22

UseS OF CAPACITOR
and it act uke pouer suppy.
t i s used to store energy can

e.g in ftashLights
T
h e n the switdh is at A,the capacittr
he
charges. When itis connected 8,
to

mpocitor dscharges through the lamp.

7
H B
Now a pul se of current passes thro0gh
the lamp:and lamP glos momentariu4.

Capacitorsare usad in tm deláyCirciits.

12V.

AZAA
L
Capacitors are used for smcothing the ecdfied autpot
' {t.AI B
,I

. .
AA B4

AC CURRENT

ReCTFIED DUTPUT

Capadtor albws ftowAC d thraugh it , bot t doesn t allow

bCtfoo: throuRh. Sot is osed to itter out c Arom Ac
Ihey are Used n tunine circsits neieve "ditferent heoenaies.
BingO
day/date o3. t. 22

.
CHARGING & DiscCHARGING CAPAcToRS
TLSO UDAY
SuSITC4

> CAPACITOR

AMMETER
8AHERY
RESISTOR

.'
.

d h e n the awitchTS at posrtion A, the mpacitor charges.The elechons

corent
flow rom x to y . fs the swrtch is connected to A, he hfual
Smaximum, vOltnge across capactor (Ve) TS zeo and nttoRe across

restpr R (Ve)is móximim . As The time passes moie and more

the Ve
charae accumulates /strpSS on the apacitor. Nauw
stores
dauease s
increases cwrrent decxeases and VR decreoses h e curent
exponentially withtime.

URRENT IN HARGE ON
CIRCuT DURING
CHAGE.
CAP

when the apacitor is totlu .charqed, Ve is makimpm furent and Veis zer

when the sitch is connected to B, the eledtron s tloud trom y *.

Nquy the.erarge on each plate decreaçes and the camcitor discharqes.

AT,

A s the capacîtor dscharqes, the aorient,votage and charge decrense

exonen dially th time:: This meang tat rake (sope)e hich he
Finally
Current, *2 oltage or charge decrase s Propotoral d wrent3ing
or Charge ór voutage teftover.
day/date
the resistance longe-
longe
of discharge depend s an resîstnce, arqer
h e rate
wiU. rtake charge and dischage.

ME CoNSTANT
resistor is as
The time constant of a capacitor discharginqthrough a

to dscharge
h o u long t tokes for the apacito
measure
a afod'tor to decrease
to 0.343
The time taken for the charqe of
ts onqinal value.

That is time taken to discrarge63/. of its iitia dharge.

CAPACaCE.

RESISTANCE TR
TiMe CaNST

CTa)

0.340

T.coNSTANT
day/date¥.1.22
. A capacitor has time constant Ss and,capagitance 1000 mf. Find
the resistance în the &rcut.
SOLUTION

CR
S OO0 xia xR
e sa
Tnitas
bHowlong.uUt take td discharge 90 % of the prged uglwe.
o e 7r
O.10 e
a.10 ANTI LOG

as» E capacitor s otlu 4chorged by using 40v katery

A

Cind out the nitial char qe

6) The tme constont of apactor s 10s. Hous lonq uwit it take to d+scha
S SmC
SOuTON

RSpo0, /2s,e0
Yas o
161s / t
6.1s