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BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

SCIENCE 8
QUARTER 2: UNIT-5 MODULE
UNDERSTANDING TYPHOON

OVERVIEW:

Earth is shaped by variety of natural processes – lithospheric, atmospheric and biological. In this module you will
learn on the interaction of the different elements in the atmosphere that may cause weather formation and its changes.
Most of these interactions pose a threat to living systems, most especially to human populations, and can bring about
damage on a local or regional scale. It is for these reasons that people consider the products of such interactions like
tropical cyclones atmospheric hazards.

What is Atmosphere?
• Serves as the Earth’s blanket.
• Its name ROOTED FROM THE Greek word atmos which means gas and sphaira means globe or ball. It is composed
of gases in varying amount and its relative abundance is also crucial in different parts of Earth. Air in atmosphere
is generally composed of: 78% - Nitrogen, 21% - Oxygen, 0.9% - Argon, 0.10% - different trace of gases and vapor
• It serves as Earth’s protection from harmful UV rays and keeps the planet warm through greenhouse gasses.
• Is affected by the Earth’s gravity so this is the reason why as the Altitude increases the amount of gases in the
Atmosphere decreases.

Layers of the Atmosphere

▪ TROPHOSPHERE - Lowest part of the atmosphere
▪ STRATOSPHERE - Ozone, increase temperature UV radiation absorption
▪ MESOSPHERE - Decreases temperature with height
▪ THERMOSPHERE - Temperature increases with height - IONOSPHERE
▪ EXOSPHERE - Contains oxygen, hydrogen atoms

― Among the 5 layers of the atmosphere, the TROPHOSPHERE, which is the lowest
layer, is exposed to natural phenomena and activities like weather conditions.
― The lowermost portion of troposphere is warmest because it is near the ground
which absorbs the sun’s heat.
― The troposphere is the part of the atmosphere where clouds are being formed.
This layer consists of water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and
others. These gases block some heat that is radiated back to the ground.

THE WATER CYCLE

Water is everywhere. This is why Earth is described as a blue

Planet because 3/4th of its surface is covered with water.
― Water cycle, also known as the Hydrologic Cycle, is an
endless phenomenon where water goes in and out of the
atmosphere.
― It involves three main processes – EVAPORATION,
CONDENSATION, AND PRECIPITATION.
Evaporation from the warm ocean plays significant role in typhoon formation

WHAT MAKES A STORM, HURRICANE, CYCLONE, OR A TYPHOON?

STORM
― is defined as a violent disturbance of the atmosphere. It comes with
strong winds and usually rain, thunder, lightning, or snow as shown in the
picture.
― Hurricanes, typhoons, and tropical cyclones are basically just different names
for the same weather event. Depending on where you are in the world, tropical
 storms have different names. When they reach populated areas, they usually bring very strong winds and rain
which can cause a lot of damage.

HURRICANES
― These are tropical storms that form over the North Atlantic Ocean and
Northeast Pacific.
― Just like what happens in Florida, USA on the image

CYCLONE
― Cyclones are formed over the South Pacific and Indian Ocean.
― An example of it was Cyclone Idai formed in West of Madagascar on the
picture

TYPHOONS
― Typhoons are formed over the Northwest Pacific Ocean.
― In Philippines, they are commonly known as Typhoon or BAGYO.
― Shown on the picture was Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda) in Tacloban

PARTS OF TYPHOON (Eye, Eyewall and Rainbands)

Eye.
➢ As pointed in the image, the eye is the center part of the tropical cyclone where
the pressure is very low, the wind is calm and the skies are clear.
➢ The whole storm rotates around the eye. It is circular and may range in 20 to 40
miles in diameter.

Eyewall.
➢ As pointed on the image, the Eyewall surrounds the eye of the storm. This area
is where the most damaging winds and the heaviest rains are found that cause
damage to both lives and property. It is a ring of thunderstorms, and changes in
the eye or the eyewall affects the storm’s intensity.

Rainbands.
➢ Pointed also in the image, Rainbands are a series of dense clouds that form a
spiral around the eye wall. They give a hurricane a pinwheel appearance.
➢ These bands are capable of producing heavy bursts of rain and wind, as well as
tornadoes. Also, there are sometimes gaps in between spiral rain bands where
no rain or wind is found.

TROPICAL CYCLONE

Tropical Cyclone is composed

of two distinct words that completely
describe its characteristics.
“TROPICAL” refers to its geographical
starting point, which usually hot and
humid; whereas “CYCLONE” is a
meteorological term which refers to
its cyclonic circulation where strong
WINDS in the Northern Hemisphere
circulate counter-clockwise and
clockwise in Southern Hemisphere.

HOW A TROPICAL CYCLONE DEVELOPS

3 Basic Stages in the development of a tropical cyclone

1. Formative Stage – pertains to the state in which a tropical clone begins to develop when conditions needed for its
formations are met.
2. Mature Stage – when a tropical cyclone is already packed with ranging winds and swirling towering clouds.
3. Dissipation Stage – when it is weak and can disappear anytime with lack of moisture.

WHY THE PHILIPPINES IS PRONE TO TYPHOONS

▪ Philippines is an archipelago made of 7,642 islands.

▪ The country is located in the West Pacific Ocean in Southeast Asia, bound on the east by East Philippine Sea, on
the west by the West Philippines Sea.
▪ Geographic location, it is evident that is surrounded by bodies of water
▪ A Tropical country and its location being near the equator.
▪ Being at the western rim of the Pacific Ocean, could provide abundant supply of warm waters that would
continuously provide energy needed for tropical cyclones to form and develop.
▪ Surrounding the equator is the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), an area where tropical cyclone forms. It is
at the ITCZ where low-pressure northeast and southeast trade winds coverage. From June to November.

THE PHILIPPINES AREA OF RESPONSIBILITY

The term “area of responsibility” originates from the United

States military. It denotes as the geographic region assigned to its
combatant commanders. However, the term is now being widely
spread used in oceanography, both in forecasting and weather
reporting.
― PAGASA – PHILIPPINE ATMOSPHERIC, GEOPHYSICAL and
ASTRONOMICAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION
― PAGASA uses the term “Philippine Area of Responsibility”
(PAR) concerning the weather disturbances that periodically
hit the country.
― PAGASA is mandated by law to monitor all meteorological,
astronomical and climatological phenomena that may hit and
affect the country and to provide relevant information about
them by protection of life and property.

THE DAMAGING EFFECT OF TROPICAL CYCLONES

1. FLOODING – results in prolonged rainfalls on land.
2. LANDSLIDES – in highlands, sloping areas, heavy rainfalls may cause the soil to saturate and become loose.
3. DESTRUCTION OF INFRASTRUCTURES AND THE ENVIRONMENT - that causes of infrastructural and environmental
destruction include the following:
• Strong Winds can destroy vehicles, houses, and other buildings, blow loose deadly debris, destroy
electrical and internet wirings, destroy towers and electrical post, uproot trees including the bigger ones.
• Storm Surges or storm tides are tsunami-like rising of the sea level due to low atmospheric pressure of
an approaching tropical cyclone. The forces from the center of the typhoon can cause the rising of sea
level. The storm surges is the abnormal rise in the sea level due to strong surface winds that move over
a shallow water as it approaches the coast
-end-
 SCIENCE 8 MODULE - QUARTER 2: UNIT-5
WORK SHEET ACTIVITY
Name: _________________________________ Grade & Section: _______________

ACTIVITY 1: MULTIPLE CHOICE

Direction: Read and analyze the following questions. Write your answers in a 1 whole sheet of paper.

1. Where do typhoons mostly form?

A. Northwest Pacific Ocean B. Atlantic Ocean C. South China Sea D. Indian Ocean
2. What is the source of energy of typhoons?
A. warm, moist air C. low temperature and strong wind
B. cold, dry air D. high temperature and dry air
3. Which is PRIMARILY needed in the formation of tropical cyclone?
A. air B. heat C. land D. water
4. What agency is responsible for preparing the official weather forecast in the Philippines?
A. Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
B. National Disaster Risk Reduction and management Council
C. Joint Typhoon Warning Administration
D. Philippine Weather Administration
5. Which is TRUE about Troposphere?
A. It is the highest layer of the Atmosphere.
B. It is the middle layer of the Atmosphere.
C. It is the layer of the atmosphere where weather phenomena occur
D. It is the layer of the atmosphere where ozone molecules are found.
6. Which of the following is the correct order in the layer of the atmosphere?
A. Troposphere, Thermosphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Exosphere
B. Troposphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Stratosphere, Exosphere
C. Troposphere, Stratosphere, Exosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere
D. Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere
7. What is the calmest part of a tropical cyclone?
A. Eye B. Eyewall C. Rainbands D. Clouds
8. Where are tropical cyclones formed?
A. Tropical cyclones form in tropical oceans.
B. Tropical cyclones form in tropical landmasses.
C. Tropical cyclones form in areas with low humidity.
D. Tropical cyclones form in the highest layer of the atmosphere.
9. Which is an adverse effect of tropical cyclones?
A. Drought B. Flooding C. Ground fissuring D. Liquefaction
10. Which is done before a natural disaster like tropical cyclone?
A. Check and repair faulty electrical wirings at home.
B. Continue to monitor PAGASA’s latest weather forecast.
C. Clean areas of possible hazardous materials
D. Move calmly during evacuation.

ACTIVITY 2: VOCABULARY
Direction: Write the descriptions of the following terms. (5 points each)

1.HURRICANE 2.CYCLONE 3.TYPHOON

Parts of Typhoon
4. EYE 5. EYEWALL 6. RAINBONDS
ACTIVITY 3: TRUE OR FALSE
Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if the statement is incorrect.

_________1. The Philippines is prone to tropical cyclones because it belongs to the Pacific Ring of Fire.
_________2. The concerns of weather disturbances that periodically hit the Philippines pertains to the
Philippine Area of Responsibility.
_________3. Tropical cyclone comes from two distinct words “Tropical” means geographical staring point and
“Cyclone” pertains cyclonic circulation.
_________4. Tropical cyclones have different names depending on the parts of the world where they are
formed and developed.
_________5. A sloping ground may not become prone to landslide when the soil becomes saturated and loose
caused by heavy rainfalls.

ACTIVITY 4:
Directions: To check your understanding of the lesson, write check (✓) which of the following factors
contribute to the susceptibility of the Philippines to Typhoon and write(X) if not.

____1. It is located near the equator.

____2. It is found in the Indian Ocean
____3. It has a temperate climate.
____4. It is surrounded by bodies of water.
____5. It is located near the poles.

ACTIVITY 5:
Directions: Make a research on a Precautionary Measures Before, During and After a Typhoon. Write at l
east 5 each precautionary measure.

Precautionary Measures Before, During and After a Typhoon.

BEFORE:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
DURING:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
AFTER:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Prepared: Checked: Noted: Approved:

JODEL N. CAMARIN, LPT
CONNABERT D. POJAS, RN, LPT
JOVELYN V. RELACION, LPT JENNY D. MANTALABA, MACDDS HERMIE LIZA D. SASIS, MACDDS MARY JUN M. PALIMA, MIT
Subject Teacher JHS Program Coordinator School Principal Dean of Academic Affairs