Main topics for pre-exam

1. Main load bearing systems: slab, girder, frame, arch, extradosed, cable-stayed, suspension
Girder types, frame types structure, super and
bridges. Dominant internal forces. Typical layouts. sub structure, extra dose (horizontal
component), main cable suspension bridge
2. Shear lag effect in girders with wide flanges. Theoretical background. Advantage of using
Calculate de shear lag effect
effective width method.

3. Main structural elements of a concrete and a steel twin-girder superstructure. Functions of the

main structural elements.

Function of main structure elements

4. Reinforced concrete superstructures: typical layouts, composite action between main girders. effects

5. Steel superstructures: evolution of deck system, typical layouts, composite action between main
Evolution deck system
girders.

6. Steel-concrete composite superstructures: advantages and disadvantages of composite girders,

shear connection (free, fully rigid), shear connectors, hogging moment region, time-dependent

behavior of concrete.

7. Design basis: fundamentals, partial safety factor method, probability of failure.

8. Actions of bridges. Traffic loads: vertical and horizontal load models. Groups of traffic loads.

9. Abutments: layouts, actions, verification.

10. Piers: layouts, actions, verification.