TAT CA TRONG MOT HOA HOC 10 ans Digntich: +t 5 (16 da 2e) a (t8i da be) ign tich hat rhn (+2). Z= 58 p= she Ki hi (16 da 106 58 KhBl (A): A=Z+N (N18 neutron) £ (961 do 140) Prati electron Ging 38 proton 4 n=10s | Déeoe Khdc $8 neutron ‘Séphin lop trong dip |_n= 2 (25,25) Nguyen ni rung Binh: Ae PY 3.39.38 én i trun bie 36. 3.34) ma = i. o ‘Slama | SE amg AO | Si eecton rane _| _phén lp | tran phn ip | | tran phn tip_| — ten tp —| [ie 1 i 1 i 2 i 2 po 2 4 of 2 | 3 i 2 = 6 1 3 55.6.7 electron: Th phi kin sai a fee mnie Cates pee 8 electron hi én Saphinb econ URE ae AE (frie 2 elacron) erie Cahn eects Wee BP IPI, ‘pin becom 120 gh a's Ie BP BEDE acu 2 coee=24 okih secon Wr 2e2p 3p 3dE ‘pn alcron Rep i Was — Weep iwcue.29 shih cctron Wee sep 3S? cron ci cing the phi pf gen 6 Nuyén fea trial orbital mguyén td AO ch chi 18 a2 electron spn eng olectron chi ny uy rave nau ng quanh try quay ring cla mi electro). Bia didn mB orbital guyén 11 AO Bg 18 wg. ve Orbital ngayén 1? AO chin 2 electron th electron ‘901188 luong W018 ong 4 chin 18 da 2 electron v8 electron ghép dk chin electron th electron spin ca electron duge bia dfn bing mdl ten iclectron de thin t 1 t (Shes) Sindy acne | cr tn ‘Quy tic bids didn ei hin electron theo 8 hog 42 Buse 1 it ci inh electon i nauyén 1 Bude 2 Bidu diém méi AO bing 1 6 vung. + Ce AO trong cing phan op thi vig ign ahau Ta - ™ - + Cc AO Kh phi lip tht th mh «Trt eb 6 luge 121 sng phd theo thi sWahu 8 eich electron ‘use 3 ign electron we tng 6 ue 1 theo thi ty lp vpn fp ‘+ Trong mai phan lép, electron dugc phiin b6 sao cho sé electron dc than [a lan nha + Electron di theo thd 1 tr arg pd. + Tong 8 lng telecon die Bug bide dln ing mi én quay en T electron tha uve bid dfn bing mi En guy xg | Vi dC in theo & hang ta (= 7) nh a Blu din soi Bidu dién dking Wf) GET oe F woe Ea‘theo chiéu Ying ela din tich hat rh cing sd ep e due xp vio 1 hang cling 58 e ha tm ge xép vio I dt nguyen 18s, p 6 electron héa tri = electron lép ngodi cing xeye8—>sSehéatrizxty fen t8_d (3dA59)| 84x ry «10 —» s8e héa tri= 8 x+y 10-9 56 ehéatri= (x+y) 10 iu hia | sénnawyn 15 sShdungon td M31 hang 18 mbt chu ki ‘én tt kh trang binh | wht ing 6&7 cha ki ehU Kin (Chu. 2. 3) 4 chu ki lin (chu Ki 4,5, 6,7) 58 ip e bing nhou —> tube mt chu Ki ‘36 thi ty chu ki = $6 lop © Bain € ng tu rho Trong mét chu ki (2?) mot nhém A (27) Tinh phi kim gidm “Teong mot chu ki(Z 7:68 dm dign ving 5 dm difn at a — Teong mét nhém A (Z P'): 88 dm dim gidm Oxide cao nhat Wing t/1—>7 Hop cht khiv6i hydrogen aidm ti-4 —> 1 Ha tr cao nhit vai oxygen = STT nhém Héa tri cao nh vat hydrogen = (8 - STT nhém) Hate trong chu (22). “Tinh acid tana dé Tinh acid, base trong 1 chu ki (Z 7) Tinh base gidm dn Béakinh ngyén Tong chu ky 27): Tin base gdm dn (27) RingES Ph kk ce mec Cae) simini-z SOthitychuk = s6lpe Ghi bing 6 ty nbn 1,2, 3 {Gh bing $8 La Ma‘, TE, TH im cde nguyen 18's,» Nh A 8 thi twnhém = 58 electron lép ng cing > Gaim céc nquyén 384, (nguyen 18 it gp King xét) =a hsm 8 |S6 thit ty nhdm = $6 ¢ héa tri 34°4s va | Che (Oxide [0 -[—Beo | 8:05 Or Nios + : B(OH), | (OH. | NOH) | 102 | Hydroxide | OH | B(OH: | 8, | w.cosHio | HNO.2H.0 Hie ti u n eee m v v tt the |_-Oride_| Nao | go | ALO, 510: 2.0. 50, 0, i: ps AIOH) | SKK | POH) | S(OH). cou), | 123 | Hydroxide | NoOH | M9(OH): | Aion HO | H.SIO.H.O | H:PO.HO | H:50.2H.0 | HCIO.3H.0 Hie i | we Le | ie mm wl iilvi ie vir Ki nguyén 16's TA 4 | ¢ Khdi nguyén 16 p IIA IITA IVA_VA VIA VIIA Khdi nguyén 184 TTB Ive Ve VIB VITB VITTB VIIIB VITIB 18 1B Khéi nguyén 16 f@ BANG TUAN HOAN CAC NGUYEN TO HOA HOC ) 33] 22) "Es,3] oh El wha) sho] 2 ii ‘3k, r eral wh ad 18k 2u aula} BPs wh 2h abla] (2h 8] 2,6 €f =',8] 6b 2) 2h 2b 6bi2i £) 21 ,£h,2].@b,81 2) 5h 20) 2 She] (ef 2k 2,2) 28.8) O8 eh Zeb a) eh ez] ah 21 ‘eae = SP 2b 8 ah 8b 2) § eb st Bib eb obec) Ki fg aguyea wi*- LIEN KET HOA HOC La iin kt dug hin thin bh lc ht inh en AIS gida céc ion mang dign tich trai déu u chuyén te ngyén tO dy song nguyen to ka align kd due hinh thanh ge 2 nguyén td bing 1 hay nh cp € chung Lién ket cng ha tri king oye Phan loi ip-e chung khng lech vé pha nguyén 1H nao Lin kt cing hi tr cb cue ip. chung léch vé phia nguyn tic 46 dm din len hon TWO dénnhé hon 0.4 Zphinieorciaranicae Lién kt cng héa tr Ses 2 phi kim ging how: Cng ha tei Khdng Lign két ion iim aot didn inh Phi kim didn hinh (nhém halogen: O.N) hd: Lig kt gia Al va ct (nhém TA, ITA), Al, NH, eee erent 18 cing héa tr c6 eve Ton da nguyén tk NO}, SO: Lign ket onPHAN UNG OXI HOA - KH! 1a chat nung Chit kit (cht bi oxida) [6 oxi hd ting sau phn Ung ‘tam gia vio qué trinh oxi héa (sy oxi héa) 1a chat nhn e sé xi ho gi su phn ra tham ga vio qu tinh Kh (ska) rhage are cht oxi héa (chat bi kh) (Qué trnh ox héa (sox héa a us (am tng 8 oxi héa cia cht 86) {Qu tri ku (ay Kl qu tein nn e (lim gid $8 oxi ha eta cht 8) Pin ng oxi hda~ Kh phn Ging ha hoc trong dé cé su chuyén e gia ese chat (nguyen t phn 18 hoc on) hole phn ng oxi héa kita phan ing da hoe, thong dé 6 sy thay di soni héa cia mét 28 nguyen 18 v7 Seat 11 dung phona phép thing bing e. Tg se nung = Teng se nhidn ero er Buc 1: Xéc dinh 56 oxi héa— xéc dinh chdt kd, chat oxi héa ube 2: Vit qua trinh KU, qué trinh oxi da Butic 3: BOt he $6 vio ting qué trinh sao cho ting #8 e nhung = téhg s6'e nhdn i Se Bude 1: Xéc dinh s@ oxi héa cla céc nguyén t8 thay dai telo,| ol slot, ‘Bude 2: Viet qué trinh khd va qué trinh oxi héa. aoe ta ___2Fe + be—> 2Fe z a Vi dy: Lép PTHH cia phain ing Fe0,|* KOi—1> Fe & co, K Bude 3: Bathe 5 thich hop cho cht oxi héa vi cht Kind C—> Ct 2e xillzFe + 6e—> 2 x3 Fe Bude 4: Bat hé s6 vao chat kha, chat oxi héa,hodn thinh phuong Fe,0, + 3cO 2Fe + 360, JoF tes tei trving HH.SO)_ jinso, In tuina HHS) 2505, @ vo, | Me na HO no, @xe.0, Méi tring HO 2 Mai truéng OH hal ExOH), Méitruing HH.S0 Gt oe Mi tring HO igo, eS ws 4 (© Oxi héa kim loci 4S «2. Trong H,50, Sc, ning Wk=EA wsdl) 1 1$0, HO M+ H:504(@8e) s [MiFe> Ad Miso), + 50, + H,0 », Trong HNO, M+ 2mHINO, (€8e) + M(NO,), + mNO, + mH, x (Tres Au, PH) a Wk zn | slavdy te i: No M+ HNO, (lng) — NH.NO, LW Fe 49, (NO), + No-+ Ho (6) Oxi héa céc hop chét Fe(TT) thanh Fe(III) FeO HNO. Fes No,» SO! + HO Fe(OH), Feo. Feo, HINO, Fe. No «50% «Ho Fes fee, SO Fe 8, HB (@) Tinh ct ci ion NO; MB ruin ci tring HO ng cb [mat truing OF AL Zn kh in SH, 6 tinh oxi héa mean nhur HNO,PHAN UNG THU NHTET PHAN UNG TOA NHIET NY RA ar Nhigt — << + = 74 ah Prin ing thu nit a phan ng ha hoe trong 6 ee chit phan ng hp thy nhi@t wing 12 ma tring sang quanh 6 too thinh sn phn Phan ing téa nhiét la phén ng ma rng lugng duoc di png dudi dang énh sing hodc nhiét luong AH>o AH Chlorine > Bromine > Todine Fluorine Id phi kim 6 tinh oxi héo morh nt Gi én tit HF den HL gO HF (hydrogen fluoride) Hl (hydrogen chloride) Tinh acid: HF «Hl e HBr « HE HE (hydrogen iodide) Tinh kde HF CHCl ¢ HBr « HE HE cé tinh ki tye, do 45 HF hing tin kh HF (Hydrofluoric acid) Hel (Hydrechloric acid) Tinh OXH =o in oxida HBr (Hydrobromic acid G,+H.0.2 Hel + Helo a2 5 2nea Gi, 2NoOH —> NaCl +NoGO+H,0. | ach 2Fe “> 2Fect, sc» oNeoH 22 snc «Neco, «34,0. Oe, Manat Si bidu Phang thinghi@m MnO, + SHC, 2 Mrcl, « cl.) + 2H 2KMnO, + 16HCI, > 2Kcl + 2Mncl, « SCL? + BHO Cong nohigp: 2Nacl + 2H,0HF in man thdy tinh, SiO, + 4HF — SIF, + 2H,0 Tinh OXH. 2F,+2H,0 — 4HF + 0,1 2F, + 2NaOH,,,, —> OF, + 2NeF + H,0 Diu ché CaF, + H,SO,, > 4HF + CaSO, Tinh OXH 2al+ 31, 22 2all, H,+E, @ 2HEt Tinh OXH - kh? Br, + 5Cl,* 6H,O —> 2HBrO, + IOHCI Br, + $0, + 2H,O — 2HBr + H,50, Br, +H,0 > HBrO + HBr Tinh OXH 2Al+3Br, 2alBr, H,+8r, SS 2HBe7 Hop chat = 2HBr + H.SO, > Br, + SO, +2H.0 Hop chat 2HI+H,SO, — 1, +$0,1 +2H,0 HE +Fecl, — Fecl, +1, +Hal