Science Task Number #1

Define the following:

1. Periodic trends - Periodic trends are specific patterns in the properties of chemical elements
that are revealed in the periodic table of elements. Major periodic trends include
electronegativity, ionization energy, electron affinity, atomic radii, ionic radius, metallic
character, and chemical reactivity.
2. Atomic size - The atomic radius of a chemical element is a measure of the size of its atoms,
usually the mean or typical distance from the center of the nucleus to the boundary of the
surrounding shells of electrons.
3. Ionization Energy- In physics and chemistry, ionization energy or ionisation energy, denoted
Eᵢ, is the minimum amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron, the
valence electron, of an isolated neutral gaseous atom or molecule.
4. Electron affinity - The electron affinity of an atom or molecule is defined as the amount of
energy released when an electron is attached to a neutral atom or molecule in the gaseous
state to form a negative ion.
5. Electronegativity - Electronegativity, symbol χ, is a concept that describes the tendency of
an atom to attract a shared pair of electrons towards itself. An atom's electronegativity is
affected by both its atomic number and the distance at which its valence electrons reside from
the charged nucleus.
6. Metallic property – An element’s metallic properties refer to its propensity to behave
like the elements that are classified as metals in the periodic table. This depends on the set
of chemical properties commonly associated with the metallic elements, specifically the
ability of an element to lose its outer valence electrons.
7. Non-metallic Property – Relates to the tendency to accept electrons during chemical
reactions and non- metallic tendency increases going from left to right across the periodic
table.