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Lingusitica Slava 2023 Lezione Unimi
Lingusitica Slava 2023 Lezione Unimi
Lingusitica Slava 2023 Lezione Unimi
1 LE COMPETENZE PARZIALI
(3) Competenze parziali: relazioni grammaticali (Ogden & Richards 1923: 46)
"Suppose someone to assert: The gostak distims the doshes. You do not know what
this means; nor do I. But if we assume that it is English, we know that the doshes are
distimmed by the gostak. We know too that one distimmer of doshes is a gostak. If,
moreover, the doshes are galloons, we know that some galloons are distimmed by the
gostak. And so we may go on, and so we often do go on".
(5) Livelli di competenza: il lessico (Zareva 2012: 299; cfr. Berruto 2012)
Significato denotativo, significato connotativo, polisemia, fraseologismi ecc.
Esercizio: fornire una descrizione quanto più completa della parola мостик.
(9) La ricerca della lingua perfetta nella cultura europea (Eco 1993)
“Una Europa di poliglotti non è una Europa di persone che parlano correntemente
molte lingue, ma nel migliore dei casi di persone che possono incontrarsi parlando
ciascuno la propria lingua e intendendo quella dell’altro, che pure non saprebbero
parlare in modo fluente, e intendendola, sia pure a fatica, intendessero il «genio»,
l’universo culturale che ciascuno esprime parlando la lingua dei propri avi e della
propria tradizione”.
2 VARIABILI DELL’INTERCOMPRENSIONE
Буркнуть
Буркнул: "Прощай" — и вышел.
A Wizz Air három hónap múlva bejegyzett társaságként készen állt a repülésre.
Slechts drie maanden later was Wizz Air een geregistreerd bedrijf, en klaar om te
vliegen.
Уже через три місяці компанію Wizz Air було зареєстровано, і вона була
готова до рейсів
En només tres mesos, Wizz Air ja era una companyia registrada i preparada per
volar.
Dopo soli tre mesi, Wizz Air era una compagnia registrata pronta per volare.
a. Czech p l n ý
(20) Parentela lessicale come categoria radiale (Berthele 2011: 201).
Polish p e ł n y
(0 + 1 + 0.5 + 0 + 0.5) / 5 40%
(21) Distanza di Levenshtein (Fischer et al. 2016).
b. Czech m o ř e
Polish m o r z e
(0 + 0 + 0.5 + 1 + 0) / 5 30%
c. Czech t ĕ l o
Polish c i a ł o
(1 + 1 + 1 + 0.5 + 0) / 5 70%
Jacopo Saturno - Introduzione all’intercomprensione tra le lingue slave
(23) Le lingue slave e la loro distribuzione (Sussex & Cubberley 2006: xx).
NORWAY
Czech Russian
Slovak Ukrainian
Slovenian Belarusian
Bosnian/
Serbian/ Polish
Croatian Upper
Macedonian Sorbian Lower
Bulgarian
FINLAND
NORWAY
SWEDEN
R U S S I A
DENMARK
BELARUS
Lower POLAND
Upper
GERMANY
CZECH UKRAINE
REP.
SLOVAKIA
AUSTRIA
HUNGARY
ROMANIA
ITALY
BLAC K SEA
BULGARIA
ALBANIA
TURKEY
GREECE
(27) Polacco
W lat-ach pięćdziesiąt-ych lata-li-śmy nad Europ-ą.1
in anno-LOC.PL 50-LOC.PL volare-PST.VIR-1PL su Europa-INS.SG
‘Negli anni ’50 volavamo per l’Europa’
(28) Russo
V pjatidesjat-ych god-ach my lete-li nad Evrop-oj.2
in 50-LOC.PL anno-LOC.PL noi volare-PST.1PL su Europa-INS.SG
‘Negli anni ’50 volavamo per l’Europa’
(29) Ucraino
U pʺjatydesjat-yсh rok-ach my lita-ly nad Jevrop-oju.3
in 50-LOC.PL anno-LOC.PL noi volare-PST.1PL su Europa-INS.SG
‘Negli anni ’50 volavamo per l’Europa’
1
https://www.lot.com/pl/pl/odkrywaj/o-lot/historia-lotu.
2
https://www.lot.com/ru/ru/explore/about-lot/lot-history.
3
https://www.lot.com/ua/uk/explore/about-lot/lot-history.
4 Esercizi di intercomprensione
DDialogue
Esercizio: Ascolta il seguente dialogo tra Mr. Johnson, un cliente di albergo, e la
receptionist Nevena. Cerca di riassumere il testo.
The morning after Mr Johnson arrives at the hotel, Nevena, the ever-
obliging receptionist,
Esercizio: Proponi una stops him inapprossimata
traduzione the foyer. del dialogo seguente.
HeseHa Ao6bp AeH, r-H ,Q>KOHCbH!IIIMaTe nMCMaAHec.
r-H A>KOHC'bH nMcMa? KOI1KOnMcMa?
HeseHa TpM. 3anoB~AaHTel IIIcKaTe 11M 6b11rapCKM
BeCTHM4M?
r-H A>KOHC'bH C'b>Kam1BaM, HO He pa36HpaM Ao6pe 6bl1rapcKM.
HeseHa B xOTel1a HHe HMaMe BecTHM4M 101 cnMcaHMSI 101 Ha
aHfIlHHcKM e3HK.
r-H A>KOHC'bH TOBa e ~YAecHo! Eil1aroAap~!
HeseHa ~3BMHeTe, r-H ,Q>KOHCbH,HMaTe 11Mo~e ManKO
BpeMe?
r-H A>KOHC'bH A KOI1KOe ~acbT? 4acoBHMKbT MMHe pa60TM.
HeseHaBbnpOCM 4aCbT where in E
nM MMaTe? e eAMHaHceT n0I10BHHa.
Do you 101have any questions?
morning, the Bulgarians s
r-H A>KOHC'bH
C8MO eAMH Aa,BbnpOC.
HMaM OK0110Just one neTquestion.
MMHYrM CBo6oAHO BpeMe.
uS the night would seem
3a KOnKO BbnpOCM
Bp8Me CTe 11MHMaTe?
How long are you in
it goes on at least until tw
CaMO eAHH Bulgaria
B 6bnr8pMJI? BbnpOc. for? 3a KOI1KO BpeMe CTe B
CeAMM4M. For two weeks.
3a ABeEi'bl1rapMSI? One further important thi
TOB8 np8BM 'teTMpMH8MCeT
r-H A>KOHC'bH 3a ABe ceAMM4M. That makes fourteen nights in means lunch or lunchtim
HOIqM B XOTena,
HeseHa TOBaHanM? the hotel, doesn'tHO~M
npaBM ~eTMpMHaHceT it? B xOTel1a, HaIlH? Bulgarians, however, is n
TO'tHO Tad. Exactly
r-H A>KOHC'bH TO~HO TaKa. KOI1KOe ~acbT cera? so. general period between m
Be'te e ABaH8MceT It's already twenty-five101 neT.
to tor lunch (Ha o6eA) at m
HeB8Ha Be~e e 6e3 ABaHaHceT 6e3 ABaHceT
twelve.cpe~a TO~HOB ABaHaHceT ~aca. on a precise time, or you
r-H A*OHC'bHAB8MceT M neT. IIIMaM
Eil1aroAapst
HMaM Cp81q8 TO'tHO B
AOBH>KAaHe! I have an appointment at
ABaH8MceT 'tac8. twelve o'clock exactly/sharp.
4.2 Bulgaro comprensione e produzione orale
MMaTe n"CMa AHec. You have some letters today.
How do you sa
Questions KonKO n"CMa? basate How many letters? • Asking How many? an
Rispondi alle seguenti domande sul testo.
MCKaTe
1 Try to answer •• 6bl1rapcK"
the nquestions. Do you want any Bulgarian KOJIKo DBCMamaTe?
S8cTH"4"? newspapers? KOJIKOBpeMe "MaTe?
a 150JIIW IIHCMaHMa r-H ,D;)I(OHCbH?
I don't understand Bulgarian
b MCKaHe JIll pa36MpaM Ao6pe
r-H ,D;)I(OHCbH 61,JIrapCKH BeCTHH~H? • Asking For how long?
e 6bl1rapcK". very well.
Pa36Hpa JIll r-H ,lJ;)I(OHCbH.n;o6pe 61,JIrapcKH?
•• We 3a KOJIKOBpeMe eTe
d HMe MMaMe
KOJIIW S8cTH"4" HMa
cBo6o.n;HOBpeMe r-H have newspapers and
,D;)I(OHCbH? B ])'LJn'apBH?
•• He aHrnMMcKM e3MK. magazines in English
e Cf1Mc8ttMR
3a KOJIKO BpeMe e TOMB EbJIrapIDI? (Don't forget to usetoo.
3a!)
f Tosa e "IYA8cHo! That's
B KOJIKOqaca HMa TOMcpem:a? (Here it is B!) wonderfuV marvellous! • Asking, and saying, wh
•..•3s ••HeTe. Excuse me . KOJIKo e'ladT?
2 True or false?
Tratto oaqe ManKO a little more
Write daout Holman, Michaelof &theKovacheva,
correct versions false statements.Mira Khristova. 2003. Bulgarian. New eed.
'1adT TO'IHOABaua
London: Teach A Yourself,
KonKo epp. 39-41. But what's the time?
"IaCbT?
a 'faeOSH
3a r-H••KbT
,lJ;)I(OHCbH
M" HeHMa TpH IIHcMa.
pa66T". My watch has stopped! • Begging someone's par
b B xOTena HHMa aHrnHMCKHBecTHH~HH 4.3isn'tBulgaro cIIHcaHHH.
working.
lettura H3BHHere! or H3BHHH
e ~T r-He ,D;)I(OHCbH HCKaaHrnHMCKHBeCTHH~H.
e.qMIl8ilC8T' •• noJlOBl4Ha. The time is half past eleven.
d HeBeHa HMa MHoro BbIIpOCH. • Seeking agreement or c
Българите
MMaMвече OKono съчетават
neT M"Hy,. хоумофиса
•• I have с морска почивка
about five на каравана
minutes'
e qacbT e cso66AHo
.n;BaHaMceTspe-e.H IIonoBHHa.free time. Bile CTe B CO~BH 3a
f r -H ,D;)I(OHCbHe B EbJIrapHH 3a eMa ce.n;MH~a. '1eTRpHHaaCeTAHH,u
r-u ~OUC'Lu e B C~H
rs
n Morning, noon and night Jacopo Saturno - jacopo.saturno@unibg.it 11
14 AHH,uw?
публикувано на 29.08.22 в 09:56
4
https://rechnik.chitanka.info/w/плисъка
5
https://rechnik.chitanka.info/w/бленувани,
https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?search=бленувам&title=Special:Search&profile=advanced&fulltext
=1&ns0=1&searchToken=86djmh30mofqozohvtgbvlakx
6
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/голям
7
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/който
8
https://rechnik.chitanka.info/w/удължа
9
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ни#Bulgarian
10
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/тази#Bulgarian
11
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/път#Bulgarian
12
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/като
13
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/дори
https://bnr.bg/radiobulgaria/post/101697079/balgarite-veche-sachetavat-houmofisa-s-
morska-pochivka-na-karavana
14
https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?go=Go&search=Напоследък+&title=Special%3ASearch&ns0=1,
https://rechnik.chitanka.info/w/Напоследък
15
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/затова
16
https://rechnik.chitanka.info/w/заявиха
17
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/край#Bulgarian
kim, jest, miesiące, hiszpańską, blisko, wieczór, iść, nazywa się, polskimi, kolegami,
dobra, to, z, że, i, może, bardzo, kulturowa, hiszpanem, jem.
18 https://www.ukrlib.com.ua/world/printit.php?tid=1287
19 https://deti-online.com/basni/basni-ezopa/voron-i-lisica/
Tratto da Gurdak, Wioletta & Sosnowski, Wojciech. 2017. Polskie czytanki: teksty do
czytania i słuchania dla uczących się języka polskiego jako obcego na poziomach A1,
A2, B1. Warszawa: Kolegium Europejskie w Natolinie.
Esistono naturalmente alcune eccezioni, es. bieda “miseria” (rus. бедá), kobieta “donna”.
Si osservano anche adattamenti per analogia, es. żonie “moglie:DAT/LOC.SG”, in cui la
(33) Esercizio: individuare l’equivalente russo delle seguenti parole polacche e indicare i
mutamenti fonologici sistematici.
siano
ciasto
ciało
zjazd
ziarno
rzadko
czosnek
biorę
wełna
sarna
miara
wiatr
światło
świat
Piotra