VARIOUS FLUORESCENT DYES USED IN CELL BIOLOGY Blue Spectrum dyes 1.

GFP DYE: GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN DYE

ISOLATED FROM THE JELLYFISH AEQUOREA VICTORIA EXCITATION PEAK AT A WAVELENGTH OF 395 NM EMISSION PEAK IS AT 509 NM MATCHED WITH THE COMMONLY AVAILABLE FITC FILTER SETS MARKER FOR MONITORING PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND VISUALIZING PROTEIN LOCALIZATION THE DYE READILY PERMEATES CELL MEMBRANES AND LOCALIZES IN ENDOMEMBRANOUS ORGANELLES BUT NOT IN PLASMA MEMBRANES.THESE LOCALIZATION PROPERTIES MAKE THE DYE AN IDEAL VITAL STAIN THAT CAN BE USED TO REVEAL THE LOCATION AND SHAPES OF CELL NUCLEI, THE SHAPES OF CELLS WITHIN EMBRYONIC TISSUES, AND THE BOUNDARIES OF ORGAN-FORMING TISSUES WITHIN THE WHOLE EMBRYO

GFP Protein.*Wikipedia

Used for visualizing: Intracellular Ca 2+ Mitochondrial membrane potential Superoxide (O2 ) Synaptic activity Acetylcholine receptor Epidermal growth factor (EGF) Endosomes Transformed B lymphocytes

Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi complex Lysosomes Mitochondria Nuclear DNA Plasma membrane F-actin Apoptotic cells Neurons

DAPI DYE: 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole

BINDS STRONGLY TO A-T RICH REGIONS IN DNA IT IS USED EXTENSIVELY IN FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY. DAPI CAN PASS THROUGH AN INTACT CELL MEMBRANE THEREFORE IT CAN BE USED TO STAIN BOTH LIVE AND FIXED CELLS ABSORPTION MAXIMUM AT A WAVELENGTH OF 358 NM EMISSION MAXIMUM IS AT 461 NM MUTAGENIC IN NATURE

*Wikipedia Uses: DAPI can be used for both fixed and live cell staining, though the concentration of DAPI needed for live cell staining is generally much higher than for fixed cells

Hoechst stain: BIS-BENZIMIDES DYES ARE EXCITED BY ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT AT AROUND 350 NM EMISSION MAXIMUM AT 461 NM HOECHST DYES ARE SOLUBLE IN WATER AND IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS SUCH AS DIMETHYL FORMAMIDE OR DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE Hoechst dyes are commonly used to stain genomic DNA in the following applications:

*wekipedia
*Potentially mutagenic and carcinogenic

Flourescence microscopy and immunohistochemistry, often together with other fluorophores. Flow cytometry to count or sort out cells. An example is the use of Hoechst dyes to analyse how many cells of a population are in which phase of the cell cycle. Detection of DNA in the presence of RNA in agarose gels. Automated DNA determination. Chromosome sorting.

Sytox blue dye: EXCITATION AT 436 nm

SYTOX Blue is a high-affinity nucleic acid stain that easily penetrates cells with compromised plasma membranes and yet will not cross the membranes of live cells. It is particularly useful for bacterial staining, rendering both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria brightly fluorescent.

COLLECTED WITH At 470 nm