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All About Fieldbus Protocols
All About Fieldbus Protocols
became a widespread standard due to its simplicity and ease of use, to the
high-performance and high-speed Profibus designed for complex
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(CAN) serves as a robust, low-cost serial bus protocol allowing for efficient
microcontroller communication.
Table of Contents
1. Fieldbus Protocols
2. 1. Modbus
3. 2. Profibus
4. 3. DeviceNet
5. 4. EtherCAT
6. 5. Ethernet/IP
8. 7. Profinet
9. 8. AS-Interface (AS-i)
10. 9. CC-Link
20. Conclusion
Fieldbus Protocols
Each of these fieldbus protocols serves different needs and finds applications
31.25 1.2 km
247 100 m to Wide range
kbit/s (RS485),
(RS485), 9.6 km of industrial
Modbus to 1 Depends
253 (depending control
Mbit/s on media
(TCP/IP) on speed) systems
(RS485) (TCP/IP)
125 Automotive
kbit/s 500 m (at industry,
DeviceNet 64 Trunk/Drop
to 500 125 kbit/s) industrial
kbit/s automation
Real-time
100 m
100 industrial
EtherCAT (between 65535 Line
Mbit/s control
devices)
systems
km (Fiber
Optic)
100 m
100 (Copper Industrial
Simple or
100 m
AS- binary
167 (extendable Line, Tree,
Interface 62 devices, e.g.
kbit/s with Star
(AS-i) switches,
repeaters)
sensors
100 m
(extendable Mitsubishi
10 Line, Star,
CC-Link to 1.2 km 64 PLCs, Asian
Mbit/s Ring
with markets
repeaters)
Fieldbus Max Max
Speed Topology Use Cases
Protocol Distance Nodes
Process
Foundation 31.25 Bus, Star, automation,
1900 m 32
Fieldbus H1 kbit/s Tree intelligent
devices
100 m
(Copper Servo
100 m
(Copper
100 Ethernet), Real-time
POWERLINK 240 Line, Ring
Mbit/s up to 40 I/O, drives
km (Fiber
Optic)
1. Modbus
One of the oldest and simplest protocols, Modbus was developed in 1979 for
industrial automation systems and especially for PLCs (Programmable Logic
Controllers). Modbus is a simple master-slave protocol that sends data over
serial lines (RS-232/RS-485) and Ethernet (Modbus TCP/IP).
Modbus is widely used for connecting industrial electronic devices due to its
simplicity and ease of deployment. It’s well-suited for transferring
···
2. Profibus
Profibus (Process Field Bus) is a standard for fieldbus communication in
automation technology, originally promoted by Siemens and now managed by
Profibus & Profinet International (PI). It operates at speeds up to 12 Mbit/s.
Profibus is used in various applications such as factory automation, process
automation, and motion control systems. Profibus comes in two variants:
Profibus-DP (Decentralized Peripherals, used for high-speed communications
with field devices) and Profibus-PA (Process Automation, used in process
industries for slower speed intrinsically safe applications).
3. DeviceNet
DeviceNet is a network protocol that shares common elements with the
ControlNet protocol and Ethernet/IP, utilizing the Common Industrial Protocol
(CIP) at a higher layer. It is maintained by ODVA and typically runs on a thick 5-
pin cable which supplies both power and communication.
4. EtherCAT
EtherCAT (Ethernet for Control Automation Technology) is an open standard
Ethernet-based fieldbus system. Developed by Beckhoff Automation, EtherCAT
offers real-time capability and flexible topology options.
5. Ethernet/IP
Ethernet/IP (Industrial Protocol) is an industrial network protocol that uses the
Common Industrial Protocol over Ethernet. It’s managed by ODVA and uses
both of the most widely deployed collections of Ethernet standards – the
Internet Protocol suite and IEEE 802.3 – to define the features and functions for
its transport, network, data link, and physical layers.
···
7. Profinet
Profinet (Process Field Net) is an industry technical standard for data
communication over Industrial Ethernet. It is designed for collecting data from
and controlling, equipment in industrial systems, with a particular strength in
machine designs), Profinet IRT (Isochronous Real Time, used for motion control
applications), and Profinet RT (Real Time, used for standard data transfer).
···
8. AS-Interface (AS-i)
Actuator Sensor Interface (AS-i) is a networking solution used in PLC, DCS, and
automation settings. It’s simplicity and lower cost make it an excellent choice
for basic digital I/O operations, particularly where a large number of I/O points
need to be networked.
9. CC-Link
CC-Link is a high-speed field network that can efficiently link a large number of
transient communications.
CC-Link is frequently used in Mitsubishi automation products and has a large
installed base in Asia. Its use cases are similar to other fieldbuses, with the main
application being factory automation, including networking of devices such as
···
12. POWERLINK
POWERLINK is a software protocol standard created by the Ethernet
POWERLINK Standardization Group (EPSG). It’s a Real-Time Ethernet fieldbus
system designed for hard real-time applications, with a very low jitter of less
than 1 µs.
13. Modbus-Plus
Modbus-Plus (MB+) is a peer-to-peer protocol (every device can function as a
master or a slave) developed by Modicon. It operates at 1 Mbit/s and is a
token-passing network.
This fieldbus was designed specifically for Modicon PLCs to handle robust
industrial communication needs. It is typically used in manufacturing sectors.
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14. Interbus
Interbus, also known as Interbus-S, is a fieldbus system that was developed by
Phoenix Contact in the 1980s. It features a cyclic data transfer process that is
largely used for control and regulation tasks in the automation industry.
15. IO-Link
IO-Link is a short distance, bi-directional, digital, point-to-point, wired (or
wireless), industrial communications networking standard (IEC 61131-9) used
IO-Link is used for data exchange between controllers and sensors or actuators.
The main uses are machine tools, manufacturing systems, production lines, and
all kinds of devices that need to communicate data to a controller in a
···
FL-net is primarily used in Japan and other parts of Asia for data
communication between PLCs from different vendors, allowing for
material handling.
18. CC-Link IE
CC-Link IE (Industrial Ethernet) is a high-speed, high-performance industrial
network technology that enables devices from numerous manufacturers to
···
Conclusion
The Fieldbus protocols offer more options for engineers and system integrators.
The best fieldbus for your application depends on many factors, including the
specific requirements of the task, cost, availability of components, and the
experience of the design and maintenance team. It’s also worth considering the
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