Professional Documents
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Electrical Experimenter 1917 06
Electrical Experimenter 1917 06
Electrical Experimenter 1917 06
MEN WANTED AS
ELECTRICIANS This the Electrical Age, and this wonderful new profession is calling- you.
is The
demand for expert Electricians is greater every year and the salaries higher. Elec-
tricity is truly the greatest motive power in the world, to-day, and now is the time to
enter this profession.
>/
,>« "Jf'Jg
I Guarantee Satisfaction
Every student receives our Sealed Guarantee Bond, which guarantees to return every penny of his
money it he is not entirely satisfied. No other school has made this wonderful offer, but I know the
success have brought to hundred-; of my students, and I know what I can do for any ambitious young
1
man who will give me a little of his spare time each day
^^ ^^» JV I
"™
TU *^
W
(
I ^T ^J
^» ^^ %^
I D
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• Electrical Testing Instruments.
Mntur altsnlutely Free. My
Tools,
eth..d> and
Electrical materials, and
"• ~" ~-
Depr. 36,
*— ^—— _ —» «-» .mm—_ — — — — — —— |
i
this
w j
outfit is used
in working out the lessons. Practical training
makes perfect. I am Chief Engineer of the Chicago
tn the theory
Engineering Works, and can give you the training that will land
1
Town ,
.
AVIATION
PRACTICAL AERONAUTICS BY MAIL
Earn $50 to $500 a Week!
•^~~Z>\ XJTERE the one inexhaustible gold mine of
is
Conducted by Famous
Prepare NOW Aviators and
What Our Students Say:
Mr. Stanneld Fries
for these positions Fort Bliss, Tex.
Aeroplane Builders My estimation of the new course
is excellent it could positively not
;
be any better.
Aeronautical Engineer The Course has been prepared Mr. Z. Purely
Aeronautical Instructor by men of international reputation. Mr. Shreveport, La.
Bud Morriss, the well-known aviator, is Chief It is hard to believe that lessons
Aeronautical Contractor Instructor and personally guides the progress
on such a subject could be gotten up
in such an interesting manner.
of each student. He is assisted by a distin-
Aeroplane Repairman guished staff of Aviators, Aeroplane manu- Mr. Lloyd Royer
Every Haigler, Xeb.
facturers and Aeronautical Engineers.
Aeroplane Mechanic Lesson, Lecture, Blue Print and Bulletin is
I can hardly thank you enough for
the way you have personally taken
self-explanatory in plain terms for quick under-
Aeroplane Inspector absolutely up-to-the-
up my enrollment.
standing. The Course is
Mr. Mayne Eble
Aeroplane Salesman minute with every known fact concerning
Manistee, Mich.
Aeronautics. You get practical, working believe I learn more from my
I
Aeroplane Assembler knowledge of the very highest merit. Xow is lessons than an aviator who takes
the time and this is your opportunity to step his first lesson with an airman in
Aeroplane Builder right into fame and fortune. You are needed. an aeroplane.
_ Where there's a will here's the way.
offer open to you now. Find out all about the marvelous opportunities f
that are opening in the Aviation game. This offer is the greatest stepping stone to
^
Dept.
Chicago,
8036
111.
bigger opportunities ever known. Write today for complete literature, all free Gentl
and w
^
and prepaid. You are not obligated in any way. Do not waste time in thinking
lars o
^
about it. Act Send the coupon or a letter or a post card will do. Write at once.
!
nautic ^
who w
American School of Aviation
Name
431 So. Dearborn Street Dept. 8036 CHICAGO, ILL.
mf . i d dress
Write me at once TODAY! — Just send the coupon or a postal. I will give you
20 complete lessons in practical electricity ! FREE
Think of it ! personal andMy
individual instruction for 20 lessons without a cent of cost to you if you act quick. No charge to you for
these 20 lessons now or later. I make this sensational offer to secure a few more live students to show, —
too, how quickly I can make you a Master Electrician no matter where you live, or what you do. But you
must act at once! This offer closes in 23 days! Remember these free lessons are not merely sample
lessons, but are a regular part of my full and complete course in electricity. Send the coupon without
delay— TODAY!
t
Wicks
81
Electrical
W. Randolph Dept. St.. 296
Institute
Chicago, 111.
SWet and No .'
City State
Electrical Experimenter
-l.i liy hxpcrinu-nU-r
NEW YORK
l.lishing Company,
233
Inc.
FULTON STREET,
III.
I- I'll l,.-rn rer;) 233 Fulton Street.
ELECTOR CROSSING SIGNAL OPERATED BY TRAIN'S THE NAVAL RADIO OPERATOR—WHAT THE Ui !.' NAVJ
WHISTLE By George Wall oil) VDIO MEN
I
ing
CHANCES FOR ELECTRICIANS IN THE NAVY RADIO OUTFIT BUILT BY GERMAN SPY"
TALKING MOTION PICTURES VIA WIRELESS B By Worth MacKnigbt 112
ELEi rRICITY AND WATER TO Kl'N OUR AUTOS 1111. HOW A ID Win OF RADIo APPARATUS NO. 4 SPARK
SHOOTING WITH ELECTRICITY Bv Hugu Gernsback
THE (LOCK RAZE 113
CTRICITY'S AID TO WOMEN' ( Bv Thomas Reed 114
THE INFLUENCE OF LIGHT UPON THE V i.NT At T POTEN-
POWERFUL HYDRO-ELECTRK SALVAGE APPARATUS TO TIAL OF SELENIUM AND OF CUPROUS OXID
:
UEmsmmmm
THE ELECTRICAL EXPERIMENTER is puhUahl on the IMS of MCh month -ii 233
Fulton Street, New York
ire paid for on publication, a si>eclal rate is paid for novel experiments:
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address notify us promptly, In order thai copies ere nol miscarried or losl A green WIT, bj B P Co
right New York, The contents of this
I
wrapper Indicate* expiration. No copies sent after expiration. magazine are copyrighted and must not be reproduced without giving full credit to the
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THE ELECTRICAL EXPERIMENTER, 233 Pulton Sti ri Unaccepted con- Till" ELECTRICAL EXPERIMENTER Is tor sale at all newsstands in the United Stat.s
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83
84 THE ELECTRICAL EXPERIMENTER June, 1917
Receiving Sets
Amplifying Coils
from
Detectors $9.10 to $910.00
Panel Sets Amplifiers
At Last!
Electromagnetic waves of any
length from an incandescent lamp.
Instead of Having the Gateman Sound the Alarm at Railroad Crossings This Inventor Proposes That Sensitive
Microphones be Erected Along the Crossing Approaches, the Sound of the Locomotive's Whistle Causing Them
to Actuate a Relay Device Connected to an Automatic Crossing Signal.
as used in the well-known Dictagraph. descent lamp, as the latter is mounted on diers in Europe have found the sensitive
When the train whistle sounds for the a perforated disc, thus allowing the sound microphone of extreme value in listening
sing these microphones, scattered along waves to pass by it. The alarm tower may to enemy sappers as they picked and
.i distance of several hundred feet on either carry two or more of these combined elec- shoveled a mine below the listeners. Again
side of it, pick up the sounds and are tric siren and lamp signals, and. as he- the French have been enabled to accurately
caused to control a sensitive relay device comes evident, the operation of the device locate and "spot" an enemy submarine off
operating on the tuned-reed principle. The is extremely efficient the alarm ceases as
;
shore by suitably disposing two or more
relay will thus respond with maximum effi- soon as the train past the crossing.
lias specially tuned microphones along the coast
ciency to a certain whistle tone, as the There are. course, several details
of at a known distance apart. Then by a sim-
\ ibrating reed armature fitted to it is which aia not shown in the accompanying ple triangulation computation on a clever
selected to vibrate sympathetically with tin- view, which would be necessary in carry- slide rule, the distance at which the -
dominant note of the locomotive whistle. ing out and applying the plan here pro- marine happened to be. is readily found.
When the approaching train's whistle has posed. For one thing there would have and a fast patrol scout will be waiting
thus actuated the microphone and in turn to be some form of time-element device her when she arrives at the surface.
—
Another View of the Electrical School Uncle Sam's Naval Men Receiving
at Mare Island, Calif.. Class Receiving Training in the Operation of Electric
Instruction in Electrical Appliances, Generators in the Navy School at
Including Electric Searchlights. Mare Island, Calif.
photoplay productions. the weight of each part distributed in the are circulating, then there will be local
IIne of the most novel ideas devised to- bi i manner possible. As will be noted magnetisations set up in the steel wire
ward accomplishing tin purpose is out- the batteries are placed somewhat differ- corresponding to the voice fluctuations. If
lined in a recent patent awarded to Wil- ently in the case of a lady, as compared then we afterward pass this steel wire
liam B. Vansize, of Brooklyn, N. Y. The to a man. under another electro-magnet, the coil of
accompanying illustration by our artist .mi
I
fat . ee thai whenever tl which is connected to a telephone receiver,
shows how the inventor proposes to utilize tors speak, that they will be radiating wire- we can then hear the voice reproduced.
and apply the art of radio communication less telephone Currents, and these are in- The great problem confronting all in-
to the recording and reproduction of talk- tercepted or picked up by a larger radio ventors who take up talking motion pic-
ing motion pictures. In the first place, the antenna erected back of or just above the ture work is to accurately and practically
studio stage is fitted with a metal floor, scenic settings of the studio stage in synchronize the motion picture voice with
such as one covered with tin or sheet iron. manner illustrated. The stage antenna is the voice of the actor. This is the most
The One Great Problem in "Talking" Motion Pictures Lies in the Difficulty of Simultaneously Recording the Voice and the Scene. A
New Method of Accomplishing This End Is Illustrated Here. Each Actor Carries a Radio-Telephone Transmitter on His Person. His Wire-
lessLove and Other Speeches Are Intercepted by a Stage Antenna. Connected to a Radio Receiving Set. This Set Is Connected to a
Telegraphone Joined Mechanically to the Motion Picture Camera. Thus Synchronism Between Voice and Picture Is Established.
This may be painted so as to give the connected up thru suitable tuning coils, important problem, and by means of this
effect of tile or carpet, and may have a with an oscillation or vacuum bulb de- wireless telephonic arrangement, as pro-
few rugs scattered about to give an artis- vice, which is used in this case as a de- posed by Mr. Vansize, it seems that it
tic stage setting. The small insert illus- tector and amplifier of the received radio- should become a simple matter to readily
tration shows how the inventor proposes telephonic currents. accomplish the purpose intended, viz., to
to have each actor actually personify "a Now we have the actor's voice radi: record and reproduce faithfully a talking
walking wireless station." In brief, each by wireless from his own person, thence motion picture, and one in which the ac-
ir carries a complete wireless transmit- propagated thru space by etheric waves, tors' lips will not be moving about ten
ting system on his person. When the ac- and finally, we have them coming in thru seconds after the voice is heard or vice
tor speaks, the voice waves affect a super- the receiving circuit of the stationary radio versa.
sensitive microphone hidden inside the coat detector. The secondary or auditory cir- In practise a number of loud-speak-
or in the bodice, in the ease of a woman. cuit of the detector and amplifier is con- ing ti are scattered about the mov-
This microphone is connected to some nected with the recording electro-mauncts ing picture theatre, and as the operator
form of miniature wireless transmitting ap- of a Poulsen telegraphone, mounted in- cranks his machine, the telegraphone wire
pal, itus,such as an Oscillion or vacuum tact on the motion picture camera which is unreeled at exactly the same speed. The
bulb generator of radio currents. The vo is recording the scene photographically. impulses from the recorded telegraphone
fluctuations are cause. to var\ 1 the cur- Thus, as the photographer turns the handle wire now are used to operate the loud
rent developed by the Oscillion. and these on the motion picture camera, he not only talkers about the house, with the result
fluctuating, high freqtiencj oscillations cor- records the physical movements of the ac- that the audience sees and hears the ac-
responding of course to the \oiee, are ra- tors, but simultaneously he also obtains tors in a truly remarkable manner.
—
MIXER
CONTROL
INT/IKE MM/FOLD
TO Cn /AIDER
DYNAMO,
A Detroit Genius Claims to Have Solved the "Gasoline Substitute" Problem for Automobiles. He Utilizes a Very Simple Electrical Phenom-
—
enon That of "Electrolysis" or the Decomposition of Water by the Passage of An Electric Current Thru It. The Hydrogen Gas Evolved
The Inventor States That It Is More Economical Than Gasoline Because of the
Is Mixed With Air and Past Into the Engine Cylinders.
Higher Explosive Value of the Hydrogen-Air Mixture.
automobile engine without any gasoline gine cylinders and ignited by an electric volume will not depart far from the 7 per
whatsoever at reduced cost," says this san- spark, produces a force many times more
it cent, as there is no great difference between
guine inventor. powerful than that obtained when gasoline the weight of air and gasoline vapor. So,
The secret of this remarkable invention vapor is used. Some of the hydrogen gas in face of the fact that an explosion of
lies in the fact that if an electric current produced by the electrolytic cell (decompo- hydrogen in a pure state, when mixed with
is past between two plates submerged in sition of water) is stored in a suitable tank air, is a thousand times as powerful, as is
OPTICAL DEVICE THAT RIVALS GOVERNMENT TAKES OVER Todd, at Washintrton. will have charge of
TELESCOPE IN STUDYING MARCONI STATIONS. stations operated by the government. En-
THE HEAVENS. rollments will be made by commands of
An optical device, which is said to rival The TJ. S. Government has availed it- naval districts.
it not surpass the telescope in revealing self of the offer of the Marconi Wireless
the mysteries of the heavenly bodies was
exhibited at a recent meeting of the Amer-
ican Society of Mechanical Engineers in
New York. The invention was exhibited
by >r.
I
John A. Brashear, the grand old
man of American astronomy, of Pittsburgh.
"This instrument is called a diffracting
d tor Brashear, as he I >. .<
projectile, and at the critical moment would but under government supervision. No inventions of every conceivable character.
explode and describe a path of consider- ship traffic will be permitted on the At- First the Germans invented the gas ap-
able width thru the atmosphere, and prov- lantic and Gulf Coasts and the Great Lakes paratus by which they attempt to overcome
ing, it would seem, of decided efficiency excepting for the government, but it will their enemies in the trenches with clouds
of noxious fumes, and here we have the
answer to this challenge in the form of a
gas mask or helmets, which are worn by
the members of the trench rescue brigade,
who are called upon to go forth ami
carry prostrate soldiers from their posi-
tions where they may have fallen between
the trenches, when overcome by the gas
cloud. Each gas helmet and mask is fit-
ted with a novel and specially designed
telephone outfit, properly connected to a
trailing wire leading back to the trench.
so that the rescuers are able to telephone
for aid without removing their helmet
apparatus.
~~~
Liquid fire.
-
-^ — —
current. Even standing on
a piece of dry wood or a
stone will not help him,
for the acid running
down from his uniform will turn the wood
are assured that the power has been turned points in favor of the latter it would seem.
,
off. Briefly, the idea is as follows Strapt to : or the stone into an excellent conductor
Xow, the N. V. Elevated Lines only carry a soldier's back is a lead-lined metal tank and the enemy will almost certainly be ren-
500 volts direct current, but this pressure carrying a solution of diluted sulfuric acid dered unconscious. Probably the most effi-
is sufficient to pass from the third rail of about 1200° specific gravity. (A solution cient way of utilizing the new scheme will
line, then to the water of the fire hose, of chlorid of zinc or even ordinary salt be found in directing the charged stream
and from there into the metallic nozzle water could be used.) By turning a knob at a machine gun. The second the stream
held by the fireman. Altho ordinary hy- on the outside of the tank a small quan- hits the metallic portion of the gun, the
drant water is a poor conductor, a 500-volt tity of zinc or iron filings is thrown into operators will be knocked unconscious or
current nevertheless finds but little trouble the acid and immediately hydrogen gas is will even be killed. It is also understood
in passing thru the stream of water and evolved, causing considerable pressure in- that the entire electrocuting outfit, gaso-
thence thru the body of the fireman, with side of the tank. This causes the acid line engine, dynamo, transformer, acid tank
-jr
be forced out thru the hose attached and all the rest of the equipment could be
the result that he is knocked unconscious. to
If the stream had been sea (salt) water, to the tank and from the hose the acid placed in an armored car. In that case,
the operators would not be exposed to ma-
there remains little doubt but that the man passes thru the long nozzle carried by the
chine gun fire.
would have been electrocuted instantly. soldier. The acid leaves in a fine stream,
less than a quarter of an inch in diameter,
When used by the soldier, however, it
Upon this principle the writer has based is self-evident that his equipment must be
his idea of shooting electricity at an enemy, and witli a fairly calm atmosphere, it should
such that he himself will not be electro-
impracticable as the scheme sounds at first carry from 75 to 100 feet. For most pur- cuted. To that effect he wears a special
thought. Many murderous ideas, of course, poses, 50 feet however, will probably be "high-tension" rubber shoe, capable of with-
have been advanced for trench warfare, found sufficient. standing 20,000 volts.* Then too he uses
the German Flammen Werfer, whereby Now, back in the trench (or behind the "high-tension" rubber gloves, and in addi-
June, 1917 THE ELECTRICAL EXPERIMENTER 91
Government officials who, with the Presi- gencies cannot be over-estimated. The last The Universal Military Training League
dent, are hearing a gigantic responsibility. few weeks have shown how weak and makes special appeal to the people of the
1 have just returned from the national futileother devices have been. The vol- country to write their Congressmen to
capital and I know and sense in a measure unteer system is unfair, and because it is back President Wilson in all his emer-
the weight that is taxing our silent and so thousands of young men who are as gency measures and to eradicate forever
conservative Chief Executive. It would he patriotic and loyal as the best in the land the doubt, uncertainty and weaknesses of
shameful to see his plans for meeting this will not offer their services. They have present muddled military policy by es-
crisis defeated. Therefore, as should all come to realize that the strong, highest tablishing in law a fixt plan for universal,
citizens, I bespeak general co-operation types of manhood go forward while the compulsory military training and service.
with President Wilson in these mighty cowards and slackers only too gladly stay Stand by your President and strengthen
works. at home. The best blood goes to the front vour nation !
lion to this the nozzle is heavily insulated several minutes. On the other hand, the AUXILIARY SIGNAL CORPS
from his hands by means of a special in- high-tension current kills either outright, UP-TO-DATE.
sulator, as grafically shown on our trout or otherwise puts the enemy out of the finest single auxiliary sig-
Perhaps the
r. The tank of course must be well fighting for the time being, with little nal corps possest by any army has been
insulated by soft rubber pads from the back ha'' after effects. The acid, plus elec- given to the United States by the Amer-
of the operator. Thus equipt he is in little does not cause horrible burning
tricity, ican Telephone and Telegraph Company.
danger of being shocked hy the current. wounds or burned off limbs as does the \l,,ut 500 engineers already have been
In order to prevent the wind from driv- liquid flame. -elected and some of them have been
ing his own acid spray against the opcr As with all war-schemes, the wise ones •.worn into army service. The difference-
alor's face, he is also equipt with a soft will now ask the usual question What
:
between government pay and their salaries
rubber mask, as illustrated on our front happens, if the enemy. too uses the elec- with the telephone companies will be paid
cover and on opposite page. tto, ni ing apparatus? by the latter.
From a humanitarian standpoint, the In answer tin writer asks another ques- The corps will be made up of general
scheme is far ahead of the lerman flame < tion: What happens, if the enemj to,' plant and traffic engineers to plan, set up
shooter; sulfuric acid of 1250° does not uses liquid flames, or if the enemy too and operate telephone, telegraph and wire-
blind, nor does it destroy animal t, uses machine guns? less plants. the regular force of the
If
unless it remains in contact with it for a army proves be too small, men also
to
long period. Sprayed on the skin, but will be provided to assist in the wireless
This shoe ":is described ,,n page 24, May, 1017,
slightly itching results after a lapse of is,',.- ,.t lln work.
DATE OF ISSUE.—As ha;-,- recently become unduly agitated as to when they could obtain The Electricai
many of onr readers
EXPERIMENTER, we wish newsstands have the journal on sale between the fifteenth and the eighteenth of the month in
to state that the
the eastern part oj the United States and about the twentieth of the month west of the Mississippi Rircr. Our subscribers should he in
possession of the,,- copies at these dati r. Kindly hear in mind, however, that publications are not handled with the same dispatch by the
Post Office as a letter. For this reason delays are frequent, therefore kindly be patient and do not send us complaints as to non-arrival
ol your copy before the twenty-fifth oj the month.
92 THE ELECTRICAL EXPERIMENTER June, 1917
?«i. ^ i
rm i
"
V u 1 6 ,0 Polish Waxed Floors? This Back-Breaking
..
ow Accomplished In a Short Time and In a Highly
tmclent. Manner,
E-Z
by the Electric Motor Floor-Polisher Shown
Remember
Steak
the Fellow Who Told the Walter the
Was Too Rare? Said the Walter— "We
Cook by Electricity." "Well. Give That Steak
Another Shock." Said the Patron.
June, 1917 THE ELECTRICAL EXPERIMENTER 93
this in turn traces a curve on the paper. the country for use in national defense sociation.
; ! -!
SOUND RELEASES TOY DOG block of wood, the dimensions of which AN ELECTRIC SELF-WAVING
FROM ITS KENNEL. are those of the interior of the metal case. FLAG.
The lower part of the lever B, should One
A very interesting toy has recently been
touch lightly the metal surface of the case
of the most talked offeatures at
introduced in the toy market and which the Electric Railway Convention at Atlan-
is herewith illustrated. A similar toy was A, at point C. Of course this must be
described in our June, 1916, issue, but the
within the case. The complete circuit-
breaker is placed behind the electro-mag-
present one is of a simpler construction.
net frame, as noted in the assembled ap-
The "Wireless Pup," as it is called, is paratus (center). Two sheets of metal are
fastened to the base to form a sound col-
lector.
The connections of the toy "pup" is very
simple, and is made as follows One termi- :
A trap drum-
mer has dis-
covered that
Two Views of New "Wireless Pup" That Springs Out electric lights
of His Kennel at the Sound of a Whistle, the Voice, or
the Clap of the Hands.
i n s t a 1 1 ed in-
side his drums
keep the mois-
shown in Fig. 1 ; this shows the dog stand- ture out and makes the drumheads tight.
ing outside of his kennel. The sensitive This Flag Always Waves, Whether There Is
circuit-breaker and other apparatus are all St. Patrick's Cathedral of Norwich, a Breeze or Not. A Motor-driven Blower
placed within the kennel. This interesting Conn., is lighted with six electric projec- Pumps a Strong Draft of Air Up Thru the
and most amusing toy was originated and Hollow Mast, Which Accounts for the Mys-
tor units, which bring out the chancel arch terious Effect Obtained.
perfected by Mr. Christian Berger, a promi- and altar in beautiful relief.
nent physicist who has devoted most of
tic City, N. J., was a waving flag which
his attention to developing scientific toys.
fluttered from a 27-foot flagstaff in front
The operation of this toy depends upon
the opening of a delicate circuit-breaker puttong! of the General Electric Company's booth
inside the spacious convention hall. Not a
by sounding a whistle or by the produc- "Speakin" o' buttons," said Uncle Zeke, breath of air w as stirring, yet the flag
r
tion of any other sound. This circuit- Shifting his quid to the other cheek, stood out on the pole as if a thirty-mile
breaker is connected in series with a bat- "Speakin" o' buttons, I want to say, gale was blowing. The flag pole was of
tery and electro-magnet, which acts upon There's the beatenest kind, down New York ordinary dimension and there was nothing
a flat metallic disc. This disc or plate is way visible to betray the source of the breeze.
so arranged that when it is released by 'Twaz in one o' them big hotels, by jing, The base of the pole was surrounded with
the electro-magnet, it will strike the dog, That melts your dollars like snow in spring, banked palms. It was only when visitors
pushing him out of the kennel. The elec- That I see them buttons, along the wall, got very close to it that the scarcely audible
trical circuit is only made when the flat Right in a bunch mebbee six in all.
disc is prest against the core of the mag-
;
hum of a motor gave a clue to the source
'Twas gittin' too dark to see outdoors, of the breeze.
net, which holds the same to itself until An' I got to foolin' with them because The whole device is really quite simple
the circuit-breaker is excited by sound There wuzn't much else fer me to do, in construction and easily explained, for the
waxes. i When — Jiminy crick flagpole is a metal tube and an electric
A
,
( t
photograph showing the various
detail
_ O before I knew,
"«- ets I
blower at the base shoots a strong current
parts used in making up this toy is given
at Fig. 2. The holding electro-magnet is _
.--^^.
"> ^ -\
^
Z. l thought I had sot
tne house afire,
of air thru the flagstaff. The air escapes
thru perforations in the top of the flagpole
seen at the left and consists of a core / / 't ,N And I yelled as loud as
'. \,
and imparts a waving motion to the flag.
54-inch in length and '.(-inch in diameter; our old town crier,
\ \ ^
two insulated end pieces are placed on Till the folks came
each end and the coil is wound with No. runnin', licketty cut
PROCESS FOR DRAWING LAMP
30 B. & S. enameled wire. The complete I told them what wuz
FILAMENTS.
magnet is mounted on an iron frame, as the matter, but A process for cold-drawn metallic fila-
shown. The small projection on top of They didn't do nothin' ments has recently been patented by Mr.
the magnet is used to strengthen the mag- but laffe an' joke, K. Nishimoto, of Tokyo. Forming at first
netic of the electro-magnet.
pull The re- 'Bout that dad blamed a consolidated stick of mixture of tung-
lease or discharge disc is fastened to this button I tried to sten and a small proportion of thorium,
frame in such a way as to permit the poke, an alloy is obtained by uniformly heating
disc to spring forward when released by Then they showed me the mixture at a sintering temperature and
the electro-magnet. The complete arrange- just how it worked, then gradually keeping its temperature at
ment then mounted on a wooden
is I
an' gee dull red heat. The consolidated stick is
The soundoperated circuit-breaker is 'Twas the cutest thing ever see. I then subjected to repeated hammering or
seen on theright. This consists of a Why, it made a blaze like a bonfire done! rolling until it becomes so ductile that it
rectangular metal box A. in which the sen- They said 'twuz invented by Eddy's son; may be hammered into bars, rolled into
sitive parts are placed. The horizontal I don't know just who Ed is, but say, sheets or drawn thru dies into wires, much
lever is made
I'. from a Xo. 18 bare wire, His son is the feller that gits my pay!" like the metals which are commonly treated
bent as shown; tin- ends are pivoted on a By Pauline Frances Camp. in this manner at ordinary temperature.
"
many .sunken ships lying within the coast suction," besides the heavy water pressure the surface.
boundaries of our own country. It is not bearing down on its outer surface. A num- Mr. Linquist intends building these cylin-
that we hear of a sunken ship being
:: ber of strong cables are let down in the ders, not of steel but of narrow strips of
floated and brought wood several inches
into dry-dock for thick, or steel may
the reason that the be used in certain
cost of performing cases. The wood
such an engineering strips tongued
are
feat is generally and grooved and
prohibitive, and caulked and are held
also in many in- in shape by steel
stances, the prob- bands. The pressure
lem of raising the of the water on the
sunken vessel at all outside of the cylin-
has practically been ders will in conse-
d solution. quence tend to al-
Now comes an ways tighten them,
American inventor, as becomes evident.
dt" Swedish birth, The inventor has
one Mr. Carl Lin- broached and dem-
quist of New York, onstrated by n
and formerly of the of models, his
Swedish Xavy, who unique idea to a
has devised a re- large number of
markable new sea-going men, in-
scheme for raising cluding commander^
sunken ships of no of salvage squad-
matter what size, as rons, and also to a
long as they do not number of naval
lie in too great a men, and has re-
depth of water, and ceived unqualified
which idea he in- recommenda-
tends commercializ- tions from these
ing at an early date. men, who should be
It goes without qualified to judge as
saying that if Mr. to the efficiency or
After the War There Will Be Thousands of Vessels Lying on the Oceans' Beds. If Only a
inefficiency of such
Linquist's idea, as Fraction of These Can Be Floated and Repaired, Think What It Will Mean to Commerce.
outlined herewith, A New Invention Intended to Accomplish This Purpose Is Illustrated Here and Involves a device if anyone
proves feasible and the Use of Two or More Powerful Cylinders Which, as They Are Emptied of Water and could. Xot only is
successful, that he
Made More and More Buoyant, Finally Exert Sufficient Upward Pull on the Cables to this idea of consid-
Lift the Vessel.
will find plenty of erable promise and
work for several years to come. water, and with the aid of an operator in- utilification in salvaging sunken vessels in
The inventor's idea involves the use of side the inner pontoon who directs the times of peace, but it possesses according
two or more telescopic cylinders or cham- w ork, these cables are swept under the hull to Mr. Linquist. several valuable naval fea-
bers as shown in the accompanying illustra- of the sunken vessel. When all of the tures. For one thing he has suggested that
tion, which are attached thru massive uni- cables have been properly placed, the en- one of these hydrostatic units would prove
versal joints at their bases to the large gineers are ready to begin operations for very efficacious in the role of a "Submarine
horizontal submerging chambers or "feet" raising the wreck. Here is where the re- Base," the outfit being anchored several
which rest on the bed of the ocean or lake. markable genius of Mr. Linquist comes into hundred miles from shore stations if de-
In the first place, it is of course paramount play, for he does not attempt to raise the sirable. Also they would serve as a resting
that the exact location of the sunken vessel ship by means of steam or any other form place for the crew.
be known. Having this information, the of engine. He has called upon Dame Na- The inner cylinder would have a large
salvage expedition sets out from the near- ture herself to furnish the wherewithal to capacity for the storage of oil and gaso-
est port with the necessary number of these raise any ship, no matter what the size. In line for submarines, and in the event of
large collapsible cylinders with their at- brief, what he does is this: — being sighted by a hostile war vessel, the
tached base members (or "Forts" as their The upper telescopic and movable cylin- upper cylinder and super-structure could be
inventor calls them). The vertical cylin- ders rising within the vertical floating submerged so as to be invisible, and the in-
ders shown lie horizontally, and as do also chambers and guides, they are allowed to ventor claims that no force, even the ocean
the base members, which are made to float, fill with water from the ocean itself, and itself, cannot budge his suction foot mem-
and the vertical and horizontal sections as will be seen these will then sink to any ber an inch, once it has got its grip on the
double up like a jack-knife, permitting the required depth. When they have submerged bed of the ocean by natural "sand-suction.
several units of this equipment to be towed until their upper structure is just above the and besides most of the floating membei
by tug boats to the scene of the wreck water, the valves are closed, and by means lies in calm water, the action of the w.
The present plans of the inventor con- of powerful electric pumps in case the
( not reaching very deep. A means is pro-
sider that salvage operations may be suc- operations take place a considerable dis- m led for releasing this all-powerful grip
cessfully carried on for any <\/v vessel in tance from shore, gasoline engine-driven upon the ocean-bed when it becomes
depths of water up to three hundred feet, pumps are available"), the water within the sirable to move the unit to some other lo-
and where nec( ssary four to eight or even movable upper cylinders is rapidly pumped in. U. S. Naval Officers have I
vage euuinment are ready and floated to of the proper size for the work in hand. (Continued on pit tic 144 i
AMONG
a
the hundreds of new devices and appliances publisht monthly
which interest you. Full information on these subjects, as well
rule,
in The Electrical Experimenter, there are several, as
as the name of the manufacturer, will be gladly
furnisht to you, free of charge, by addressing our Technical Information Bureau.
96 THE ELECTRICAL EXPERIMENTER June, 1917
ELECTRICITY NOW ROCKS THE and sawed a slot into it for a distance of a head machines. When desired, however,
foot at the other end, this slot passing thru the motor can be removed readily by
CRADLE.
a hole bored in it of the size of the wood loosening one thumb screw, as it is light
"The hand that rocks the cradle, rules handle on the grinding mechanism, which is and portable.
the world" —runs an age old proverb, and, inserted thru the hole and then the two
parts of the connecting rod brought to-
The speed regulator is slipt on the
treadle and held by a spring, making the
albeit, one that embodies more truth than
fiction nowadays, perhaps, when we have gether upon it by means of a little bolt. mounting exceedingly simple. The operat-
Only a minute is re- ing chain is attached to the metal frame-
quired to trundle the work directly above the controller and
little wooden frame pulled taut.
to any place in the The regulator is light and substantial.
house, one end being The case is made of prest steel and the
provided with little principle of operation is entirely new.
casters, also shown in When there is no pressure on the treadle
the picture. The mo- the circuit is open. With a slight pressure
tor can be attached to on the treadle a contact is made and as a
any lamp socket by greater pressure is applied the resistance
means of a flexible is cut out turn by turn. By varying the
attachment cord, and pressure, one stitch, or several hundred
in this circuit near stitches a minute can be taken. There are
one of the binding approximately 100 steps in the controller,
posts on the motor giving a corresponding number of speeds.
Mr. Joleen has in- When folding up the machine it is only
serted a small push- necessary to loosen the belt, disconnect the
button switch for plug, and swing the motor around under
starting and stopping the head. Felt pads underneath the base
the motor. When the prevent the motor from scratching the fin-
carriage is set on its ish of the machine.
little track the con- The motor itself is out of the way when
necting rod can be in- operating. This leaves both sides of the
stantaneously con- machine table clear so that the operator
nected by simply lay- can use this space for sewing material.
ing it on the bar so The outfit, which is compact and light,
that the slot engages consists of a small motor which operates
the latter, and the ap- on either alternating or direct current,
paratus is ready to mounted on a nickel-plated base, a speed
A Chicago Genius Has Evolved —
a Clever C ombination a Baby
work. Who will be regulator with operating chain and ten feet
Carriage Plus an Electric Motor and Part of a Small Grinder so kind as to invent of cord and plug, and a round leather belt.
—
Reduction Gear. Result No More Pushing the Baby Carriage an electric bottle The weight, including the speed regulator,
Back and Forth. We'll Bet His Wife s a Suffragette! feeder? Next! is only 7 pounds.
cost of operating this motor is so
The
the suffrage party to conjure with. But SEWING MACHINE PLUS MOTOR, small as to be almost negligible. At 10
the "suffs" will have to look to their lau- SAVES LABOR. cents per kilowatt hour, it costs less than
rels, for here is an electric motor that rocks one cent an hour or less than it takes to
Yes, and it doesn't object to
The sewing machine was one of the first
the cradle.
household appliances to be equipt with an run the ordinary incandescent lamp.
twins or triplets. "Come one, come all," is
itsmotto.
This device not only will rock the cradle THE ELECTRIC TEA KETTLE IS
but will trundle a baby carriage back and HERE.
forth on a little track, with a gentle, sooth- The recognized convenience and growing
ing motion which may be better than the popularity of heating small quantities of
traditional cradle rocking movements. The water by electricity has prompted the de-
device was made for private use by Mr. velopment of the electric tea kettle illus-
Xels Joleen, of Chicago. trated.
Mr. Joleen's little girl required so much The operation of an electric
successful
of Mrs. Joleen*s time that the resourceful tea kettle depends largely upon the type of
father decided that as long as the gentle
pushing to and fro of the baby carriage
—
heating element method of application of
heat. etc. The heating element here used
seemed to be a sovereign pacifier on all is of the submerged type, located on the
occasions, he would provide something bottom of the tea kettle and when in use
which would perform the mechanical work, is entirely surrounded by water. Thus all
leaving the mother free to go about her heat generated is efficiently utilized.
other duties. The tea kettle has a capacity of 2y2 pints,
Accordingly, Mr. Joleen made the little is made of drawn copper, spun into shape;
wooden frame, shown under the wheels of spout of white metal has bail handle, sides
:
the carriage :attached thereto a grinding of which are steel, grip made of ebonized
wheel designed to be operated by hand,
something which he had in the house for
sharpening tools and then attached a small
;
motor of the kind which was once used as This Electric Sewing Machine Motor Drops
Out of Sight with the Head and Drives Very
a sewing machine motor, accomplishing the Efficiently Owing to Its Spring Base
connection by means of a belt from a verv Mounting.
Small pulley on the axle to the perifery of
the grinding wheel. The driving pulley had electricmotor! The first motors employed
to be made so small that he simply cut a were just the ordinary type, but later de-
short section of a broom handle, bored a signs have resulted in the development of
hnle thru the center, and fastened it on a motor having necessary speed control for
with a small set-screw. The gearing in the use solely on sewing machines, and the effi-
grinding wheel mechanism, originally in- ciency and operating features of such
tended to speed up the grinding wheel with motors have been greatly improved.
reference to the number of revolutions per- The latest and most desirable features
formed by the handle, now works just the are to be found in the special motor shown
other way to all intents and purposes, as in the accompanying illustration.
the speed of the motor must be reduced to This type can be readily attached to any Here We Have the Electric Tea Ket-
tle.Hot Water When You Want It
the slow circular movement desired. make of stationary or drop-head sewing and Where You Want It Is Now an
In order to transmit this motion and at machine, new or old, with the exception of Actual Fact.
the same time translate it into a back and a few obsolete models. When not in use
forth movement Mr. Joleen then took a the motor, if mounted on a stationary head wood comfortably shaped for convenient
small piece of wood about three feet long, machine, can be pushed back out of the pouring. The lid has no hinge to come off
notched it at one end where it rests over a way and the cover put on, or dropt with — locks on securely. The knob forms an
brace underneath the body of the carriage. the head if used on modern types of drop- integral part of the metal lid.
:
makes possible the selenium cell occurs in go in one direction and the remaining por- the amount of metal deposited can then be
two forms, vi7 tion in one or more other directions. Part- easily determined, since it will, according
1 ) Round gran- (
ly transparent mirrors are used for the pur- to Faraday's law, be proportional to the
ular crystals, stable pose, and in order that the precise division time and current.
at 140° C, an insu- of light may be known beforehand, the In Fig. 2 is shown a set of interesting
lator in the dark thickness of the thin layer of metal which curves obtained in a typical run with a
and not very sensi- is deposited on a plate of glass to form the
tive to changes in mirror must be exactly known. <>
light intensity. y
d^
\
In Fig. 1 is shown the apparatus devel-
(2) Which is oped in the research laboratory of one of \
\
racy up to the highest temperatures. The scale instruments, 700-1400° C. and 1200- sages, the veins and arteries, or any of the
constants of this formula for every instru- 250O°C. ; double scale instruments, 900-
ment are individually determined at several 2000°C. and 1400-4000°C.
temperatures before calibration.
The general arrangement of the instru-
mentis shown in. the figure and includes :
ELECTRIC COUCH INDUCES
The pyrometer, consisting of the optical CURRENTS IN THE BODY.
system, the electric lamp, the shield carry- By H. H. Parker
ing the temperature scale and pointer the
;
The electric couch described in this ar-
teak carrying-case with fittings for fixing ticle makes possible a simple application of
the pyrometer and standard lamp for check- the commercial alternating current in the
ing 4-volt accumulator, ammeter and reg-
; electro-therapeutical treatment of insomnia,
ulating resistance, complete in teak case hardening of the arteries, nervous dis-
the standard lamp and an adjustable tripod orders and other similar ailments a num- ;
and inventions. fS
Sir Oliver foseph Lodge was horn on
fune 1-', 1X51, at Penkull, Staffordshire,
England. He received his early education
in the Newport Grammar School and later
he entered the University of Coll, London,
where he specialized in scientific and mathe-
matical research. His scientific trend was
noticed by the professors of different uni-
versities, and after he had graduated from
this institution he was elected as Profes-
sor of Physics at the University of Liver-
pool. Since 1900 he has been principal of
the University of Birmingham,
He has had many honors and degrees
conferred upon him and is an active mem-
hcr of many of the leading scientific in-
stitutions. Sir Oliver Lodge was- presented
with the honorary degree of Doctor of
Science from Oxford, Cambridge, Victoria,
Liverpool and others, also that of LL.D.
from St. Andrews, Glasgow and Aherlaide.
lie was president of the Mathematical and
Physical section of the British Association
in 1891 and President of the Physical So-
ciety of London. His most important work Copyright by International Film Service.
in electro-physical science is that of wire- The Inspiring Moment When Professor Bell, Inventor of the Telephone, Was Presented
With the "Civic Forum Medal" at New York, on March 21st. Reading Left to Right— :
less telegraphy, in which he has introduced John J. Carty, Union N. Bethell, Dr. John H. Finley, Prof. Bell and Thomas A. Watson,
some of the most fundamental steps in Who Made the First Telephone for Prof. Bell.
commercializing this fascinating art, and
in fact he is called by many the father of inventor of the telephone. Those in the pic- press the sentiment of the American people
wireless. The Lodge coherer was the first ture from left to right are John J. Carty, : toward their great living men and women.
instrument used for successfully receiving chief engineer of the American Telephone Its purpose is to promote more general ap-
radio waves. and Telegraph Company Union N. Bethell,
;
preciation of distinguished public service
lie discovered in 1889 that two metal- president of the New York Telephone and inspire ambition to emulate such ser-
lic surfaces in perfect, but not conducting Company and senior vice-president of the
vice.
American Telephone and Telegraph Com-
pany; Dr. John H. Finley, (presenter of the
The medal year was awarded to Dr.
this
of the telephone, and Thomas A. Watson, Council of Seventy, representing the whole
associate of Dr. Bell, maker of the first country, geographically and so far as pos-
telephone instrument and receiver of the sible in all other respects.
first telephone message. On the table are The medal was first presented to Maj.
the firstinstruments used by Dr. Bell. Gen. George Washington Goethals, U. S.
On March 21, in Carnegie Hall, New A., in 1914 for his work in building the
York, Dr. Alexander Graham Bell, was for- Panama Canal. In 1915 it was presented to
mally presented with the Civic Forum Thomas A. Edison in recognition of his
Medal of honor for distinguished public contributions to electrical inventions.
along wires. He thus came into close the specification deals exclusively with the
contact with the researches of Hertz on utilization of electromagnetic waves. This
the creation of electromagnetic waves in is the noted Lodge tuning patent which
free space, and this work he both expounded is universally employed in all forms of
and extended. radio transmitting apparatus today. The
His interest matters was, how-
in these patent recently expired and became public
ever, scientific than technical, and
rather property.
he himself has admitted that before the Sir Oliver Lodge is a noted author, and
matter had received attention from others some of his most important works are
it bad not occurred to him to suggest "Elementary Mechanics." "Modern Views
the employment of Hertzian waves for of Electricity." "Pioneers of Science." "Sig-
practical telegraphic purposes. In the nalling Thru Space Without Wires," "Life
course of his work he had di-
scientific and Matter," "Lightning onductors and
(
rected much attention to the phenomena Lightning Guards," "Modern Views of Mat-
of electrical resonance. Hence, when it ter," "Man and the Universe," and bis latest
had been indicated that the chief prac- —
book. 'Raymond A Treatise of Life and
tical importance of Hertzian waves might Death," which purports to prove that the
be in their application to space-telegraphy, author actually received communications
Lodge was not slow to apply his knowl- from his dead son. who was killed while
edge to this subject. serving with the English army in France.
On May 10, 1897, Lodge applied for a Hi-* theory however was received coldly
provision patent protection in Great Britain by the scientific world.
for improvements in Syntonizing Teleg-
raphy Without Line Wires, and in this
Sir Oliver Joseph Lodge, Famous Eng- document he states that the subject of his
HOW ELECTRIC VEHICLES
lishPhysicist and Savant. He Is Re-
garded by Many as the Dean of Pres- invention was to enable an operator to BOOST EFFICIENCY.
ent-Day Scientists. transmit messages across space to any \ New York department store speeds
or more of a number of different individ- up the loading of us delivery wagons by
contact, were welded together when an elec- uals in various localities, each of whom is running its "electrics" inside of the build-
tric discharge past between them, and later provided with a suitably arranged and ing and transporting them to various floors
on studied the propagation of electric waves "tuned" receiver. The subject-matter of on large eleval
100 THE ELECTRICAL EXPERIMENTER June, 1917
Joe's Experiment
By C. M. Adams
<« A XD another
anothe thing," Mr. Robertson the mountain-side, Joe Benson paused and as much about the plant as I do," one of
f\ checked Pete "don't ; bring that listened to the faint purr of unit X'o. 1, them ejaculated admiringly, after Joe had
r\ kid around here any more,
blind kit far away down the slope. Ever since the come off victorious in a technical argument.
-*-
•*- ist in the way, and if he
He's jus Snake River Power Company had started "Sure he does," Pete retorted. "Don't
^it< hurt the company'll have the the first day's work on this water power think he don't know anything because he
damage' t<> pay. What business has a project, Joe had been an interested listener
of everything that went on. Listening had
can't see. He'll make his mark —you
blind kid got around an electric plant, watch."
anyhow? You keep him out of here, been his chief avenue of impression, for At first size of the Snake River
the
understand?" his eyes were useless, and had been project had
dazzled Joe. Then with a
Pete Foley and surveyed the
whirled so for several years. He had heard the realization of the extent of the undertak-
nervous, drawn
face of his chief lor a rumble of the blasts, and the grit and ing had come, at first as a dream, and
moment, and then flung back hotly : grind of drills and steam shovels as they then a resolve, the idea that he, too, would
"Look here, that boy's a friend of mine prepared for the big concrete dam which become an electrical man, an electrical en-
and a mighty good friend. He's not in held back the water. He had listened and gineer. True, he was blind. But he was
your way when he comes around here, and been interested, but mystified, until Pete attending the high school up the valley
I'm responsible for his safety. As for Folev. a member of the electrical construe- and in two vears would be ready to enter
"No, you don't. Not me," Pete interrupted, as Mr. Robertson turned to him. "Here's the boy you want to thank. He saved your plant
and not me."
what business he's got around an electric tion crew, had come to board at his home. the university. Other blind men had done
plant, let me tell you that he knows more It was Pete who had answered his Inn^s things equally as wonderful. Why
could
about electricity right now than some men and U'hys about the plant and its opera- he not enter this field?
who are paid big money for what they tion, and during the year which had And what a day this had been, what a
are supposed to know. He'll make his elapsed Joe absorbed electrical information wealth of impression and sensation. He
mark some these days when he
of gets like a dry sponge taking in water. had stood beside the great towering masses
into the electrical world, you'll see. And At first he had listened to the conversa- of iron and copper and had felt with his
furthermore, he's going to come here when- tion of the men, but had been loath to own sensitive hands the giant castings and
ever he wants to, as long as I'm around." take part in it because he felt his own coils of the great generators, while Pete
Mr. Robertson's white, haggard face ignorance of their work. However, as explainedhow they were built and worked.
flushed angrily and his lips parted as if to time past, and Pete's daily instructions bore So this April afternoon he went home
speak. But he was silent as Pete swung fruit, he began to take a more active part warmly glowing with new- impressions and
out of the power house and up the trail to in the talk of the men during the evening. desires.
the company's tool shack, Pete Foley was At first they had regarded him as an Pete did not have time to talk after
a good electrician, a very go<>d electrician, outsider, whose ignorance of their work supper. He went upstairs for his clothes
and men with this particular kind of good- was to be tolerated for politeness sake only. and then disappeared down the slope in
were so scarce in these mountains But gradually, as Joe's comments and ques- the company car, on his way to Merwin
that it behooved Mr. Robertson to stand tions became more intelligent, they began to complete preparations for the trans-
for much from this member of his con- to look to him as an equal — as one of their formers in the sub-station there. And so
struction crew. own number professionally. Joe sat on the porch and listened to the
Half way up the road to his home on "I'll be hanged if that kid don't know faint hum of the generators below him.
— 1
while lie dreamed of his future. Joe knew that the sixteen thousand volt from school. That night as he
sat on the
Two days later when Pete returned from current could nol be turned directlj into porch he was thinking of it, and yet
still
Merwin, Joe was waiting for liim alter the city lines. He knew that burned out had found no ready solution for the dif-
supper as the group 01 gathered equipment and electrocuted people would ficult).
on the porch. be the result. The voltage bad to be '
AN ELECTRIC SEMAPHORE FOR hands or not, as becomes readily apparent. NEW METHOD OF MEASURING
AUTOISTS. The Instructograph consists of three FRESSURE OF LIGHT.
The accompanying photograph shows a units: the transmitting unit, the receiving In a paper to the Physical Society. Mr.
cleverly designed automobile electric sig- unit and a battery case, and while the pieces Gilbert D. West describes the measurement
nal device which has recently been devel- are of light and compact construction, the of the pressure of light by a method re-
oped by the well-known civil engineer, Mr. complete installation weighing but six quiring few of the elaborate precautions
H. Hartman, of Xew York City. pounds, without batteries, they have been generally necessary in such experiments.
designed for the strength and durability The essential feature of the apparatus was
necessary for the hard usage they will be a strip of gold leaf suspended in the mid-
subjected to in service. dle of a test tube containing air or hydro-
The Transmitter consists of a gen at reduced pressure. Radiation from
case, of light metal construc- a 32 c.p. carbon filament lamp, impinging
tion, about six inches long, three directly on one side of the strip, was suf-
inches thick, and an inch wide. ficient to cause a microscopically measure-
A series of six double throw able deflection of the end.
keys project from one edge, to The pressure of normally incident radi-
the right and left of which ex- ation on a perfectly reflecting surface has
Will Be Interested In the te nd engraved plates, bearing all
Motorists .
been shown by Maxwell and others to be
Semaphore Signal Here lllus- of the instructions commonlv
Electric numerically equal to twice the energy con-
P r ted
ated -. ec ro us ed in teaching the art of flying.
Magnets, 'A
ii; '! M S l
Controlled o y J-L
By a Push }.
Button -r,
'
i. v. c, \
tent of the radiation per unit volume, and
On the Steering Wheel. The Arm l.he keys, which are ot such hence, if this quantity be measured in the
Hangs Downward Normally, and Car- size that thev can be easily way described below, a check on the orig-
ries a Red Signal Lamp At Its Ex- handled with Gloved bands ran
tremity. The Bull's-eye At the Hub u giov ea nanas can
i ,
inal observations can be made. mean A
Is Also Illuminated. be thrown to either the right or of the results of several successive experi-
left, remaining in the position ments with the deflected strips gave a value
This, like other inventions of Mr. Hart- placed until released by a touch, when they for the pressure of radiation which only
man, is really quite simple in construction fly up to their normal vertical position. The differed from that calculated from the en-
and performs its functional duty just as twelve instructions themselves, neatly let- ergy density by a small percentage. The
well, or perhaps better, than many existing tered, have been chosen with great ingenu- accuracy and constancy of the final results
and more complicated similar devices. The ity and are so placed that actual air work seemed to preclude their being seriously
sole purpose of this instrument is to warn cannot necessitate the use of both of the affected by gas action but, as gas action
;
an automobilist in which direction the ma- two directions, placed by each of the keys, had to be taken into consideration, the pres-
chine ahead of him is going to turn, either at the same time. The case itself can either ent research was undertaken with a view to
to right or left. be fastened by the side of the instructor, or its fuller investigation, and if possible to
It consists of a mag- complete elimination.
netic field having two In measuring the energy
magnetizing similar
coils density, the initial rate of
in design to the field of a rise of temperature of a
motor. An armature coil blackened copper plate,
is placed in this field, and
enclosed in the tube, was
its shaft is attached to the
measured by means of an
signal or semaphore arm. attached copper eureka
The field and armature thermo-j unction. Due al-
are enclosed in a water- lowance was made for
proof metal case which is cooling corrections, and
seen on the left. One end the lamp black was as-
of the pointer is fitted sumed to absorb 95 per
with a red lamp, so as to cent of the incident radi-
serve as a danger signal. ation. The cold junction
The armature and field was immersed in oil con-
coils are connected to a tained in a vacuum flask,
storage battery and a sim- and during an experiment
ple switch, so that the au- a delicate indicating ther-
toist can throw the arm The Electrically Operated "Instructograph" Enables the Tea cher to Flash mometer in the oil only
either towards the left or Up the Proper Signals Instantly Before the Pupil-Passenger: which Is Far showed negligible varia-
right, whichever the case Superior to Twitching the Various Controls.
tions. The calibration of
might be. The principle the thermo-j unction was
upon which this instrument is based is that set into the instrument board before him, carried out in the usual way, and a num-
of the repulsion and attraction of two dif- as found convenient. ber of minor matters received full con-
ferent magnets, one stationary (the field), The Receiver is a box approximately sev- sideration.
while the movable magnet is the armature. en inches long, five inches wide and slightly When from the measurements thus taken
The arm at its normal position points over one inch thick, adapted to fasten on the energy reaching 1 sq. cm. in one second
downward, and as soon as the proper cur- the wheel of the front control itself in the
rent is past thru the field and armature, front cockpit of a tractor, under the cowl,
the pivoted arm turns instantaneously to or in the instrument board. Its cover is Gi
that direction, by virtue of the attraction perforated by
twelve oblong windows,
"
,
s
black against an illuminated white back- -j -
k f
One of the latest Sperry devices for avi- trolling" flash out in black against a red
ators, or rather for would-be aviators, is
known as the Instructograph and is illus-
background, clearly indicating the urgency 1
of the command. An ingenious arrange-
trated herewith. It is intended to facili- ment of small' electric light bulbs enables
tate the instruction of pupils in the modern
this method of communication to possess !
two-passenger tractor aeroplane. Prior to
\
(Third Article) ductance coil being adjusted to balance the at the top, and14 inches high. It is a
puhlic lecture demonstration. In his 600 turns of Xo. 30 triple cotton covered use of from six to eight coats of Armalac.
lectures on "The Realms Beyond the wire upon a shellacked paper cone, 12 The primary coil is a ring, 18 inches in
Senses," the author has used high-fre- inches in diameter at the bottom, 5 inches diameter, formed of five concentric turns
of thin copper ribbon 1 inch wide. The
exciting apparatus is the same as that de-
scribed in the last paper in connection with
the large resonator, except that a 2 KAY. ]
'
frequency machines for phy- of the Spectacular Elec-
sicians' use, but one Tesla tric Spark Discharges
terminal is provided a coil of ;
1 ->
vl/
BS Obtained From the
the resonator type being con- High-Frequency Appa-
nected to the glass electrode I ratus Used by Dr. |
m
The best be ob- results will i 1
Experimental Physics
By J. FURIA, A. B., M. A.
JOHN
Instructor In Physics and Science Master. Riverdale Country School
HYDROSTATICS. it is direct current. If possible the elec- not raise the water this distance, and the
w an test tubes held in the hand after being EXPERIMENT 27— Recently an auto-
ATER is so plentiful, and we are
inverted full of water and are placed over matic siphon has been put on the market,
accustomed to use so- much of it, the electrodes. Immediately, and with a and it can be very easily constructed. Fig.
that very few of us ever stop to rapidity dependent upon the strength of the 22 shows the automatic siphon in the act
think what a great part it plays battery used, bubbles will form at the elec- of starting. It should be noticed that the
in our daily lives. It is without trodes and rise to the top of the test tubes. tube is filled alternately with bubbles of air
doubt an absolutely indispensable sub-
These bubbles are the result of the decom- and water. This condition prevails only
position of the water into its constituents.
We notice that in one tube the bubbles
form more rapidly and that there is always
about twice as much gas in that test tube
as in the other. Call that test tube "B."
After the test tubes have been filled with
the gases, raise them carefully without tip-
ping. Insert a glowing match-stick in "A."
It is found to burn brightly. This we re-
member was the test for Oxygen. If a
Hatrie is applied to "B" a slight explosion
results, which is the test for Hydrogen.
Thus we see that water is composed of
two parts Hydrogen to one part Oxygen.
EXPERIMENT 26— (Fig. 21)— Illus-
A Small Battery and a Couple of Test Tubes Apparatus With Which the Principle of the
or Bottles, Together with Connecting Wires, trating the principle of the siphon. A Submarine Can Be Demonstrated. The Small
Will Serve to Clearly Show How the Electric and B are vessels at different levels, A Vial 2, Can Be Made to Perform Many Won-
Current Decomposes Water. derful Tricks By Pushing Down on Dlafram
being higher than B. The vessels are con-
1, or Squeezing Bottle 3 in "B".
nected by a piece of tubing; bb' indicates1
stance. We drink it — we clean ourselves the level of the top of the tubing and aa upon starting and shortly after, the water
—
and our belongings in it our crops depend the level of the water in vessel A. d,
comes out solidly. Fig. 23, shows a home
—
upon it ourselves and the fruits of our indicates the level of the end of the tubing. made automatic siphon and all those inter-
toil are transported from one continent to If the tube is placed in position as indi- ested should make one. a piece of
another by means of it practically every — lamp chimney about 3 inches
6, is
long. 5, is
manufacturing industry makes use of it.
a piece of glass tubing about $4 inch in
Finally and most important, we swim in
diameter stuck thru a rubber stopper 2.
it. What would be the use of living if we
4, is some more of the same kind of tubing
had no Palm Beach or "the old swimming thru the stopper 3. The height h,
past
hole in the creek"? We
naturally ask what
should be about a foot and a half. 1, is
is water anyhow? One could never guess
Water is y.othing more than a small hole drilled thru the lamp chim-
the answer.
ney 6. 5 and 4, should be about 54 of an
the result of the combining of two gases
Oxygen and Hydrogen. Oxygen, we re-
inch apart. As soon as our auto-siphon
is placed in a liquid it begins to operate
member, is the constituent of the atmo-
sphere necessary to life. Hydrogen is the
WITHOUT OUR FILLING IT FIRST.
Thus we see that one made entirely of
gas which burned with a pale blue flame
glass, as are the commercial ones, is very
in the lesson on "Gases." (See March and
convenient in transferring poisonous liquids
April issues of this journal.) The follow-
and acids, as we need not touch the liquid
ing experiment can be easily performed
at There is nothing mysterious about
all.
successfully
EXPERIMENT 25— (See Fig. 20) — this siphon and it is easily explained. When
the bulb is immersed in the liquid, the
C is a jar nearly full of water to which Two Forms of Automatic Siphon. Details
for Constructing the One on the Right Are liquid rushes in at 1 and at the lower end
a few drops of sulfuric acid have been Given Herein.
(The sulfuric acid is added to of tube S. The liquid rushing in at 1
added.
tends to compress the air in chamber 6.
make the water a better conductor of elec-
tricity. Water alone is not a good con- cated in the figure, and A
contains water The liquid rushing in at 5 streams up past
(or any liquid) at a level aa
1
nothing the gap and thru 4. Hence the outgoing
ductor of electricity, i.e., is more or less ,
happens. If, however, the tube is filled air takes with it some liquid, and, as noted
of an insulator, just as glass is.) rep- D
with water before it is placed in position, before, we see alternately passing thru the
resents lead wires from a battery of at
the water begins to flow from down A if
to B. The siphon will also act if the tube
is placed in position, and if one sucks
at the lower end for this is equivalent to
;
Spring sca/e
filling the tube with water. The explana-
tion of the action is as follows The up-
:
, m erst
In body
ward pressure in the short arm of the
tube, is due to the atmospheric pressure
(discust in the last two lessons). In the
tube ab, this pressure is equal to the atmo-
spheric pressure minus the downward pres-
sure due to the weight of the column of
.
Even Reservoirs When Occasion Requires It. siphon would not operate; and if above larger quantities of the liquid pass with
1
aa it would operate in the other direction.
,
small bubbles of air intervening, until
least six dry cells inor from
series, a If the column ab (for water) were greater finally the air being all gone, the liquid
storage cell or from the house current if than 32 feet the atmospheric pressure could (Continued on page 152)
.
The Trophy Cup for the Best "Amateur Wireless Station" In the United States Has Been Awarded to Station 9ZF, operated by Messrs.
E. F. Doig (at Right) and W. H. Smith (Left), of Denver, Colorado.
this magazine. The winner is Mr. E. F. rangement and efficiency is concerned, after any question whatever but that Station 9ZF
Doig, of No. 848 South Emerson Street, Station 9ZF. Another point in favor of is well entitled to the prize.
Denver, Colo. Mr. Doig made nearly all 9ZF was the fact that, while this station Since holding the Washington's Birthday
his apparatus himself, and has been assist- was affiliated with nearly every Radio Club Relay, which you will all remember was
ed by Mr. W. H. Smith of the Y. M. C. A. and organization extant, the owners never held in the interest of preparedness, with
Radio Club and the Colorado Wireless refused a message, nor did they feel that instructions to all sending stations to in-
Association. Mr. Doig was for four years Station 9ZF was too proud to work with terest all wireless amateurs in the United
Master Signal Electrician in the Signal anyone. States Radio Coast Reserve. Station 9ZF
Corps of the Colorado National Guard. He In the receiving cabinet is a large loose worked the hardest for recruits oi any sta-
now holds a special receiving and sending coupler for reception of long wave stations tion in the United States.
license from the United States Govern- like WG. GW, SI.. OUI and POZ. as well We have radio clubs in the United States
ment. His equipment, altho not as large as the Government arc A smaller
stations. of minor importance, which seem to think
as the Government station, is very com- receiving cabinet is used for the shorter that they were the only ones that had a
plete, as you can clearly see from the wave stations, including the commercial divine riyht to exist, who have not, with
photograph. coast and sub-stations on the spark sys- all membership, done as much good
their
Mr. W. H. Smith, also well known for tem. There is also a short wave regenera- work in amateurs under the
enlisting the
his skill as an operator, is associated with tive receiver, wdiich is used in working with Navy Department for coast reserve work
Mr. Doig and has worked on his night shift the amateur stations. This cabinet also as Station 9ZF.
at this station. Mr. Doig is also secretary contains an amplifier which can be used All of the stations have been closed by
T
of the Colorado Wireless Association and in connection with each of the other sets. the X avy Department, on account of the
Air. Smith is the chief operator. This There is not much to tell about the Rotary war, for the period of war. and we believe
station will hold this cup for one year, Quenched Gap, as the cut shows just what it will be some little time before all of us
and if they win it again in 1918 it will it is, and there are not very many ama- are working again. In order that your
belong to this station absolutely. teurs but what have had the chance to read interest will not lag in wireless work, and
The cup has been properly engraved and about this outfit. for the benefit of the many amateurs who
you will see a picture in this magazine The k.w. outfit which is used mostly,
1 have enlisted thruout the country and are
shortly of the cup holding a prominent radiates from 12 to 14 amperes on a wave now assigned to the various warships, we
place in the Laboratory of Mr. Doig. The length of 425 meters, and the oscillation willcontinue these write-ups each month,
Government Call Book gives Station 9ZF transformer is made with edgewise wound with something of interest to them, and
as belonging to Captain Smith of the Colo- copper strip, a type with which you are something to remind them of home and
rado National Guard, hut the license was all familiar, and which is clearly shown ( Continued on page 143)
108 THE ELECTRICAL EXPERIMENTER une, 1917
Future Naval Radio Men Learning How to Operating Room of Radio Class at the Navy
Measure Length and Frequency of Etheric School, Brooklyn, New York.
Waves.
third class (radio). In both cases, whether
the examination are enlisted as landsman enlisted as landsmen for electrician or elec-
for electrician feither general or radio) trician third class (radio), the regular
and are detailed for a course at the Elec- course at the school follows. The oppor-
trical School. The pay of landsman for tunity for advancement in the Naval Radio
electrician is $17.60 per month while under Service is at present exceptionally good
instruction and in addition he is furnished and is worthy of consideration by every
with a complete outfit of uniform, board, commercial telegraph and radio operator.
lodging, text hooks, tools, and materials The pay of electricians both general and
with which to work. The length of the Radio is as follows Electricians third
:
course is about eight months. Upon com- class, §33 per month Electricians second
;
pletion of the course at the school the class, $44 per month Electricians first
;
men who are qualified are given the rating class, $55 per month; Chief Electricians
of electrician third class (radio). In both (acting appointment), $66 per month, and
courses the following subjects are covered: Chief Electricians (permanent appoint-
machine shop work, electricity, magnetism, ment ), $77 per month. This pay is in-
Top:— Naval Radio Operator Handling 2 k. w.
alternating currents, dynamos, motors, and creased with each enlistment.
Transmitter.
batteries. It also embraces the principles
and management of radio stations and in-
Below: — One Naval
of the Up-to-Rate Radio Sets
Operators Learn to Handle
The present policy in the fleet is to ad-
Which U. S. vance electricians third class (radio) to
stallations. The general course covers the
electricians second class at the end of a
application of electricity to shipboard appli- a examination in spelling and
creditable
year if their proficiency mark is at least
ances. penmanship.
The problems in arithmetic include mul- 3.2. Electricians third class (radio) serve
Competent operators of the Morse code
or men with a sufficient foundation in tiplication, division, simple proportion, per- (Continued on opposite page)
June, 1917 THE ELECTRICAL EXPERIMENTER 109
NEW RADIO TRANSMITTER FOR high tension glass and aerial in-
i is controlled by an armature H,
U. S. "MOSQUITO" FLEET. ductance. A
transfer switch is also pro- net.
ill iyed for conni ii\ ing in- of an oscillation trans hich in-
struments with the ductance is controlled by means of the
connects the key with the primary of the h on the left oi the transmitting
coil and battery, and the right-hand plug \ variable high-tension condenser
links the stor ry with the s is aKo mounted in the same cabinet and
source. The plug at the upper left hand its capacity is varied by a multi- i
corner is used for connecting the power ple-point switch, indicated on the front.
source with the test buzzer of the I
An ordinary carbon microphone is linked
set. A binding posts are furnished
set of in the ground circuit oi
for connecting the aerial and ground with the oscillation transformer, as shown in
the set, and these are seen at the uppi r the wiring diagram. 'I iphone is
part of the panel, each being fitted with ioni d on a mo\ able 1 t on the
the proper name-plate. i of the cabinet.
During some recent tests, the outfit has The receiving equipment
is inclosed in
proven to be very efficient. the lower compartment and consists of a
standard coupled receiver, with a
1
Remarkable Radio Outfit Built By German Spy After the police were satisfied of the na-
ture of the equipment in the box they asked
\\ ax to operate it. He fingered several
A LITTLE Mack
seized recently by the police in the
belief that it was nothing more
than a modern adaptation of a time
worn contrivance for swindling un-
sophisticated persons out of their savings,
box of mystery, by Arthur Woods, Police Commissioner,
looked at the contrivance that it was recog-
nized as a genuine and extremely effective
portable wireless outfit.
The box
square.
is
It is
about two and a half feet
covered with black enamel and
parts of the mechanism for a moment or
two and finally succeeded in causing a short
circuit, which effectually put the whole thing
out of commission. The damage, however,
can be repaired easily.
In the examination of Wax the police
has silver handles and
•__>- m^^mm drew from him the statement that he came
brass hinges and
|^^A clasp It must have
to this country from Germany in June,
1914.
Bkl cost at least $800, ac-
cording to the esti-
He denied he had served in the German
army, asserting he was rejected for mili-
mate of experts.
tary service because he had a weak heart.
fcij^J As soon Ser-
Dr. Baker and Dr. Hamilton, police sur-
geant Pierce recog-
geons, were called in to examine the pris-
nized the use to which
the queer arrange-
oner. They pronounced him an almost
perfect physical specimen and said there
ment might be put
the outfit was rigged
was no indication that he ever had suffered
up, its batteries were
from heart disease.
set in motion, and in
Considerable interest was manifested by
a moment the hissing
the police and federal investigators in
sounds and sputtering papers and letters found in Wax's posses-
and flashing sparks sion. They declared some were written in
that attend the opera- code. All of them were in duplicate. One
tion of a wireless out- of the papers, according to the police, was a
fit were in evidence.
draft for $12,000 and another was for 2,300
Wax persisted, de-
marks. The latter was drawn on the
spite the effectiveness
Deutsche Bank, of Berlin. It was declared
demonstra- by the police that Wax received some of
of this
these papers thru the office of the German
tion, in his assertion
Government that the batteries, Consul in this city several weeks ago. The
U. S.
and Police Experts tiny dynamo and in-
money, the police said they learned, was sent
Were Much Sur- tricate coils were
to Wax by relatives in Germany, who the
prised to Find That placed in the box by
prisoner declared were both wealthy and
influential there.
the Cabinet Here him to make the ap-
Shown, Which Was paratus "look pretty."
Recently Seized Eventually he said he ELECTRICITY REDUCES FIRE
with Max Wax, a intended to use them HAZARD.
German Spy, Was to give color to a mo- One-fourth of all the fires occurring in
Capable of Receiv- tion picture scenario Waterbury, Conn., for a year might have
ing Secret Radio he intended to write. been avoided by the use of electricity,
Messages from Persistent question- according to the report of Fire Chief
Germany. ing, however, drew Heitman.
from Wax, according
rotation of which is controlled by a spring if a Murdock variable conden "THE CRUISE"— A RADIO STORY.
acting against the tension of the filaments. Audion and variomi By MARGARET L. CAMPBELL.
\\ hen a current passes thru the filaments, With thi- sel I hear the calls of KP1I: Early in August, 1916, I transferred my
heating them and causing them to elongate, kl'A: XIV; NPE and of course all Ama- wireless set from my radio station to my
m
the arm takes up a new position and the teurs in this vicinity.
angular displacement as indicated on the At the present Mlss Margaret L. „
„, ,..,_._
»•_, „„! using Campbell, of Rock-
urement of the current. time T1 am ,,„;.,„
port Mass., Has Long Been a Radio
,
The movement is enclosed in a glas-. bulb Only a spark coil Enthusiast and Has Operated the Ap-
exhausted of air. The sensitiveness is thus -mrl drv cells for paratus Shown on Frequent Trips
Made on Her Father's Yacht. She
greatly increased, and the movement pro- transmitting but H as Achieved a Distinct Success with
tected against damage and preserved from have a 1 kilowatt Her Station, Having Become Thoroly
dust or corrosion. set nearly com- Conversant with All Radio Matters.
The drawing shows quite clearly the con- plete.
struction of the little instrument, which is 1 thank you in
have decided to publish this mailer til serial When the condenser has been fully synchronous A.C. motor or by mounting
ft ni.
'i In the course of scleral issues all of charged, tin spark gap breaks down, and the the disc on the same shaft with the motor-
the principal transmitting and receiving ap- gap becomes tilled with metallic vapor, and iie in the best types of
paratus wtll have been ovei ed. I he subjei
i I tor the time being tonus a high frequency commercial radio transmitting sets, the fixt
Joe the Join Hi paper is the (JAP. SPARK alternating-current are. The conductivity electro. [i be any larger than a
i|
of the spark is due to tin presence of me- [le electrode point on the rotary disc.
spark gap forms one of the tallic vapor in the gap. After the discharge 'iie of the most efficient spark gaps used
Till",
most important parts of any os- ceases, and it" tins metallic vapor is not
<
W C2N5TRVJQT5R
r— 11
— — — ——— — —
ii ii
11
ii ii
11
ii
11
n ii -it —— ——
it ii it ii inn
Mine's a tine flat, as flats go all — 100 years, and only be talking baby-talk been enthusiasm.
modern conveniences, two kinds of then. knew what ailed it all right; it was
1 Everybody (including myself) expected
cold water as the fellow says, and a so full of my contact-springs, wires, mag- it would be not over two weeks at the out-
fire-escape with a sparrow's nest on it nets and other junk, that its regular works side before I had the clock rigged up and
even a little safe let into the wall, big had become discouraged. But that was a
secret between me and the clock, and there
were good reasons why the secret was safe
with me.
Anyhow, when the clock took to stop-
ping, something had to be done, and done
quick, because mother would figure wrong
with her Saturday baking, and Mrs. Skil-
lings would get her hot pies out on the
window-sill first, which was an awful
catastrophe to mother, and made her feel
as peevish as the Standard Oil does when a Confoc+s
competitor sells a quart or so of gasoline
right under its nose.
I had pondered a little on electric clocks,
and as say they looked easy, so I made
I
Armafare the family a proposition for half the;
jn ng.i
is powerful. It clinched the deal. Father
L®
F/g.5
m
Fig. 1. Attempt No. 1 in Electric Clock Finally the Electric Clock Problem Settled
Research as Tried Out by the Author Did — Down to a Resurrection of Hipp's Famous
It Work? Read the Accompanying Text if Pendulum. But Oh! that "Agate" Post IX?
You Think So, Bugs. Likewise Zowie.
enough to hold most of the Wirt's diamond
tiaras if you pack 'em tight. Yes, it has was after Mrs. Skillings' goat with it. I
all the conveniences tint one, and that's the took the old clock to pieces for the last
—
only one worth having a workshop. time, pulled out a few superfluous wheels
The nearest I can get to it now is read- and springs, and inserted a pawl and rat-
ing the good old Electrical Experimenter. chet-wheel where they would do the most
When she blows in. I sop her up from good. Then I started gaily on the electric
—
front cover to hack every word. Adver- pendulum that was to drive it. I wished
tisements and all. Well, I'll say so; and afterward I'd made the pendulum first.
I'm not' the only one that does it, eh, It was a grand pendulum I made a sec- —
Bugs ? onds-pendulum of the due length of 39.1
Oneplace 1 always stop and smile, and inches, with wooden rod and a tine heavy
that's the heading "How-to-Make-It De- bob. I was so cocksure that I polished up
partment.'" I guess my department is the all parts as I went along. But when it
"How-A"o/-to-Make-It.'' Usually every- was done, it wouldn't work.
thing I started went wrong the hrst time; There were two or three main reasons
but the finding out why it wouldn't work, why. To begin with, it was hung on pi
and making it over till it would, wasn't the like a telegraph key: and the heavy bob
worst fun in the world. In fact. I think set up so much friction there that it would
it was the lK--t. No fun simply copying. have taken about a kilowatt to drive it.
When it came to the electric clock, Of course it should have been hung on a
though, that nearly heat me. There's a suspension spring, which lets the pendu-
thing that look^ easy, and isn't: yet it's lum oscillate while supporting its weight
simple enough once you're wised up. without friction. Bonehead play number
I was sort of forced into the clock craze. one.
You see, our kitchen clock was on the Attempt No. 2. in Electric Clock Design. Well, I discarded my pivots tho I —
blink. Father didn't Maine it good old — This Arrangement "Worked Too Well." But hated to. they looked so pretty and with —
clock, he said, it had served him faithfully the Magnet's Successive Pulls on the Pendu- my pendulum swinging easily from a
lum Accumulated till it Banged Against the
twenty-five years, and was worn out. Worn Magnet Like Jess Willard Administering a ng, looked to see her go. But nix.
I
out nothing! I'll liet old Jerome turned K. O. Istrong magnet, clean contacts, and
—
all tlmi. but nothing doing. Could any- oter. My stockholders, ignor- fascinating of lo< ks ai d if so, I
i
oofc/rea'at'faa Nature, got my goat, for plates of these metals for spark gaps
F,g4
Clock Pendulum, Relates the Author, and Decided that the Thing Father bought a new
to do Was to "Substitute." Steel Proved Excellent but Guess — I
ger again, until the narrowing swings allow So, having got the agate out of my head
it to catch once more, and the process is — "solid agate" guess my old bean was
I
repeated. As the battery runs down, the I used steel fur the post ami liru-s for the
push is weaker and the contact has to be trigger; and as to durability, let me tell
made oftener; but the mechanism does this you that after nearly twenty years i\se I
automatically until the battery is exhausted. Can't with the naked eye detect any v.
Hipp's rinktum looked effective, if one Oh, yes, I made the clock, hut had a 1
could only make it; but being a clock- long hunt for something on Hipp's prin-
maker, old Hipp had specified agate as the ciple in a form which the amateur work-
material for his notched post Agate, he shop might turn out. After mans trials 1 A Celluloid Section Liner for Draftsmen
says, just like that: "Take a piece of agate, and a Scheme for Quickly Drawing Nuts or
evolved the form shown in Fig. 4; and I Bolt-Heads of Any Size.
Mm know, and put a notch in it." Oh, make you free of my invention. Bugs, boil-
The only agate had ever beard of I
ing someone will be interested enough to cloth, the standard sheet can easily be slipt
was an agate marble; and it didn't look make himself an electric clock. There's under if. outlines traced
exactly like easj stuff to make anything of, lots of enjoyment in listening to it- sedate thru. In the case of many hundred holts,
Four weeks had now gone by, and the tick-tock as it breaks up infinite time into etc.. required, say in details of holts for
family had lost all their peevishness; that, the small units we need to make our good pipe lines, etc., the saving of time will be
is, they had exchanged it for black looks ,.i bad u of. Maybe, now that the war
i
.mil a much neater drawing
and language not calculated to please. 1 will del. ,n- us from wireless work for a will be the result.
was reaping the usual reward of the san- while, you'll feel inclined i" take up this Contributi C. V iYD. i
'
:
MANY realize
experimenters either do not
the vastness of the high
frequency field, or think that they __
have not money enough to buy
the necessary apparatus. It is the
purpose of this article to explain the man-
ner of constructing a few simple instru-
ments, and the method of carrying out
si Mile simple experiments.
In the first place, a high frequency trans-
former must he constructed. An Oudin
coil will be the best for all-around work,
and it may be made in the following simple
manner :Procure an ordinary pasteboard
mailing tube, about 2' i inches in diameter
and 10 inches long, and cover it with a thin
coat of white shellac. While this is still
wet, wind the tube with line copper wire,
spacing the turns far enough apart to en-
sure proper insulation. (Enough wire may
be found in an old telephone ringing mag-
net. ) Glue this tube upright to a base and
fasten three posts on the base. The pri-
mary coil may be made of 6 turns of No. 14
copper wire, connected as in the diagram,
Fig. 1.
A condenser can be made by coating both
sides of old photographic plates with tin-
foil, and placing tiieni in a cigar box, to
hold them in an upright position. A
spark
gap of most any type will answer. V/2 A
inch spark coil should be used.
When the above instruments are con-
structed, they should be connected up as
shown in diagram, and the apparatus is
ready. When the spark coil is operated, a
brush discharge of purple light should ap-
pear around the free end of the secondary,
uoner end of coil, with sparks about 2 or 3
inches in length. If a piece of metal is
held in the hand, a very long spark can be
drawn from the secondary wire, without
the slightest shock. If, however, the spark Wood dowe// p/n
is drawn directly into the hand, a severe
sting may result. On the other hand, if a
pane of glass is held between the secondary
wire and the hand, a spark may be received
directly into the hand without pain ; the
spark, being dispersed or spread out while
passing over the glass. Fig. 2. Manner of Constructing Small "Oudin" Type High Frequency Coil for Carrying on
If a person insulated from the ground a Series of Interesting Experiments. One of These Is the Artificial "Aurora Borealis,"
Which Is Produced with the Aid of an Incandescent Lamp Bulb. Having Its Tip Portion
grasps the free terminal of the secondary, a Coated with Tinfoil, and Connected as Shown.
match may be lighted from any part of the
body. A
Geissler tube will light up bright- inside the bulb. Also, if there arc any treat diseases obtain a box which is large
ly, when brought near the body. This is loose pieces of filament, these will begin to enough to contain the coil and still leave
also a good way in which to treat heart and revolve rapidly about the inside of the bulb enough space (about 4 inches) on each side
nervous diseases. If there is any local and will continue to do so for some time to prevent the coil from "grounding." Run
trouble, a grounded metallic object should after the current is shut off, and each time the coil wires through the box and leave the
be brought near the point to be treated, thus they touch the glass a shower of sparks will free end of the secondary about six inches
taking out the induced current at this rly in all directions. long, so as to obtain good radiation sur-
point. A by-product of higrh tension electrical face. Place a hose in the top of the box
An
interesting experiment is to produce stress in the air is ozone. Ozone is merely and another in the lower part of one side.
an artificial Aurora Borealis. This may be electrified oxygen. When
high voltagea Paraffin the box to prevent leakage, and
accomplished with a large electric bulb (a discharge takes place in air or pure oxygen put a small window in one side so that the
100 watt, burned out one will do), covering gas, the atoms of oxygen are "torn apart" coil action may be viewed. Either air or
the tip with tin-foil. Insulate the bulb and exist in what is known as a nascent pure oxygen is taken in thru the lower
state. In this state each atom combines hose and the ozone is inhaled, or otherwise
with one other atom, and the chemical af- applied from the upper hose. In fumiga-
finity of these two atoms is such that, as tion, treatment of coughs, pneumonia, colds,
there is nothing with which they can com- and for many other medical uses, besides
bine, these atoms pull to themselves and oxidation of certain materials, bleaching
combine with a third atom of oxygen. flour and cloth, experimenting with its use
Thus is that a new gas is formed.
it This in welding and many other commercial uses,
gas much denser than oxygen and is
is ozone is a most valuable agent.
many times as active. The smell of ozone Taking the high frequency field as a
is very strong and there seems to be a slight whole, it is well worth while for more ex-
difference in the smell of ozone produced perimenters to work with it. High fre-
with a static machine and the ozone pro- quency current has the properties of both
duced with high frequency current. Ozone static and galvanic electricity, besides many
Fig. 1. Proper Connections for Small is an excellent "germ killer." as it kills all
properties which neither of the above pos-
"Oudin" High Frequency Coil Excited by a It will pass over ordinary insulators,
Spark Coil or Step-up A. C. Transformer. kinds of disease germs on contact. If it is sess.
administered properly, and in time, it will such as glass, almost as easilv as low fre-
from the ground and fasten the screw end cure consumption. quency current will pass thru copper. It
Place a strong per- The electric stress about the coil is so travels over the surface of a conductor
to the secondary wire.
and seldom thru it. Its oscillations are
manent magnet on each side and start the great, that immense quantities of ozone are
A beautiful auroral effect will form constantly being generated. In order to {Continued on fagc 154)
coil.
—
SUPPOSE
used the in
all
world
the electrical energy
for power, heat
instant.
Two parts of a complex beam, of a
fur. 2p cm. wide, 40 cm. long; small an-
gles 7°, large angle 166°. 5. Polarizers, re-
and light to be obtained for nothing. one wave length beam, or of a one wave flecting metal plate, pile of plates, glass or
How the world would be chan length and one electric vector beam may be sulfur; fine grating; Fresnel rhomb. 6.
Energy in electrical form, of limitless made to traverse the same space by the use The transferring, or receiving, apparatus
amount and absolutely free, is fallin of a biprism or a mirror in such a way that described in 7 above (which may not be
a world provided with apparatus and appli- the intensity at various places at any in- necessary). 7. Accessory apparatus, as ca-
ances for the use of electric energy. But stant has values that vary from zero to pacity, resistance, inductance, and indicat-
the world docs not use this constant, ex- four times that of the single beam. ing instruments.
haustless flood of free energy; it digs coal 7°. Take a vessel with walls readily tra- Wherever wave length enters into the
out of the earth and depends on that for its versed by the solar radiation and that may design of these pieces of apparatus it is
power, heat and light. be exhausted to high vacuum if desired, taken as from 0.6cm., to 1.2cm., as being
Thegreatest discovery any experimenter and produce in it an abundant supply of near the lower limit of waves well above
can seek is the direct utilization of solar electrons (as by a filament or wire heated the longest heat waves, i.e., waves produc-
energy as the source of power for the by a current and bring into this vessel
) ing molecular motion. Greater wave
w< rld's work. electrodes to receive the radiant energv lengths, with corresponding changes in de-
The following out- sign may be found
line of experimental to give better results.
j
are in millions of different directions and to the focus, or foci, and to the regions of
its chief availability lies, since nitric, sul-
continually changing at every point furic or hydrochloric acids would not
different intensity: with various ionizing
3°. A beam of one wave length or period current, as direct, high frequency alter-
play such moderation. Finally, the phos-
approximately may be obtained by the use nating, or spark discharges of coil or con- phoric acid is beneficial in preventing sub-
of a prism or a grating, preferably a grat- denser, and various inductances, resistances sequent further rusting.
ing. and capacities in the external, or receiv- The electrolyte is made by adding ten
4°. A beam with the electric vector con- ing, circuit —
using one or another of the
parts of phosphoric acid to ninety parts of
water, or by adding 105! of the acid to a
fined to one direction may be obtained by indicators named above.
the use of a polarizing mirror or a pile of solution of sodium phosfate.
9°. Apparatus lor Proposed Experimen-
plates; or to two directions, giving elliptic
resultant by an additional mirror or a
tal Solution. —
1. Lens "f sulfur, paraffin or Due to the advent of the war, we are
synthetic resin, cylindrical. 27 cm., chord. particularly desirous of obtaining manu-
rhomb. 40 cm. long, 50 cm. focal length two oth- : scripts describing original and practical
5°. A complex beam, a beam of one er-, each 22 cm. chord. 4(1 cm. Ion.:, 50 cm. "Electrical Experiments." shall We
wave length, or a beam of one wave length focal length. 2. Grating, plane. 34 ele- continue to publish Radio articles, but
and one direction of electric vector, may be ments, a— b=1.2 cm.. 40x41 cm. inside of what we need is snappy "Electrical"
concentrated to a small area, circular or frame. Also a curved, cylindrical grating, articles. Be on guard for the enemy
linear, in which, at any given instant, there 100 cm. radius, 32 elements, a+b -1.5 cm. 3. Repetition!
June, 1917 THE ELECTRICAL EXPERIMENTER 119
This department will award the following monthly prizes: First Prize, $3.00: Second Prize, $2.00: Third Prize, $1.00.
Tin' purpose ol this department Is to stimulate experimenters tow ird with
.•mil Forthe most useful practical and original Idea submitted i" thi Editoi ol thif department, a monthlj zes will he
awarded. For the best idea submitted a prize or $3.00 i.s awarded; foi the lecond bi idi a $2.00 prize, and for tin- third bi
I i
$1.00. The article need not l» verj elaborate, and rough sketches are sufficient. We will make the drawing only one I I I
.-.-
hole drilled about 1' " From the bottom The eyes should always be shielded from
of the crucible, and the other held in a the intense light of the arc by dark gl
records that have one side blank
Contributed by HYMAN R, W \Ll.lX. clam;.. But some method must be devi RI1 TOM
—
EL
AMATEURS!
ATTENTION!!
Now we are for the time
that
being, deprived of using our
Radio outfits, it behooves us to
become proficient in learning
the Wireless Codes. Operators
who know the Code are, and
will be, in ever rising demand.
The army and navy need thou- No. FX5I7
sands of operators right now.
Can you qualify? Can you send and receive at the required speed, when your country Selenium Cells
you?
calls Everybody has read about
The Radiotone Codegraph is positively the only instrument made that will send such tin- experiments of telepho-
tography (sending photo-
an unbelievably close imitation of a high pitch Radio Station, that it has baffled experts. graphs over a wire hundreds
The outfit replaces the old-fashioned learner's outfit, consisting of key and sounder. The of miles) made by Professor
Radiotone Codegraph comprises our famous Radiotone High Frequency Silent Buzzer, a Korn and others. It is also
known that if the problem of
special loud talking receiver with horn, and a key all mounted on a base. Operated on
tele-vision is ever solved, the
one or two dry cells, the phone will emit the characteristic high pitch sound, which while selenium cell will play an im-
not harsh, is heard all over the room. With little trouble you can learn the code correctly portant role. At present we
are the only concern in the
in 30 days
United States selling these
AND THAT IS NOT ALL: cells.
sitive
They are the most sen-
ones made.
Better send for a cell to-
Connect two of these intercommunication work and you and your
outfits together for day and try making an elec-
friend five or fifteen blocks distant can converse over a NO. 36 WIRE, so fine that no one tric dog that will follow a
will see it. Or you can use instead of the wire, a metallic fence and the ground. Or you birnp, or an electric burglar
alarm. It's very instructive
can communicate over your 110 lighting line, using no extra wire, only the ground. Full and great fun. (See Novem-
directions how to do this are furnished with the instrument. DEALERS: This is the 20th ber. 191fi, issue "Electrical
Century instrument that will sell like WILDFIRE. 600 sold in New York in 10 days. Get Experimenter.")
our proposition today! No. FX5I7 Selenium Cell.
Radiotone Codegraph complete as described, each, tfj 1 7C Shipping' Wglit.'. 4 oz* $6-00
IMMEDIATE SHIPMENTS IMMEDIATE SHIPMENTS
BOYS!
Here Are the
Stars and
Stripes in All
Their Glory
Be t h e first
one in your
town to wear
this patriotic
emblem. Think
of it: An elec-
trically illumi-
nated bouton-
niere worn in
the lapel hole
of your coat.
Itilluminates o u r Na-
tional Flag in the original
colors with a brilliant elec-
tric light. Just insert
Flag in button-hole of your
coat, put flashlight case in
vest or coat pocket and
every time you press the
button, the flag in your
button-hole flashes up with "ELECTRO" TESLA COILS
a beautiful color effect. This photograph shows a seven (7) inch spark.
Tesla Coil, made by us in our shops for a well-known institution.
Illuminated flag, cord and plug (to We build hundreds of special Tests Coils for schools, universities. f,ir
(postage 10 cents).
be connected to any 2 cell flashlight), $.60 Stage purposes, etc. Spark lengths from two inches to fifteen inches
Illuminated flag, flashlight case and battery, cord and plug, com- and over.
plete as per illustration, $1.10 (postage 15c). We are known for careful workmanship and correct designing. The
DEALERS : Write for our proposition today. Tesla Coil, shown above (7" spark), without condensers or spark gap,
IMMEDIATE SHIPMENTS sells for$40.00 f Send for our quotations for special coils.
to gel out i
i oi let It iructed ENTIRELY ttl magnet,
OF PORCELAIN, metal and hard rubber. soft iron core, fibre coll
The resistant of nur Rheostat is 10 ohms, the heads, very thin dia-
capacity 3 amperes continual!] 1 inches in phragm, brass posts in-
r; thickness ot porcelain base is 13/16 ins. side. Hanger can be UH-
No. FK5000 Rheostat Regulator, Bcrewed a n d receiver
Shipping weight, 2 $.60 will then fit our No.
IMMEDIATE SHIPMENTS AX8077 headbands.
rcmi/fl
SOME USES. — For
all telephone work No. EK 1024 .
the Radiotone is already in wonderful demand. No. B-81 No. B-*7 No. B-25 No. B-8
All the interesting things as described witli our Each $0.12 Each $0.07 Each $0.12 Each $0.08
Radiotone Codegraph. elsewhere on this page, Shipping Shipping Shipping Shipping
nt le performed with the Radiotone, a key, a No. B-8 Weight Weight Weight Weight No. B-7
dry cell and a phone. Each $0.15 1 lb. per 12. 1 lb. per 12. 1 lb. per 12. 1 lb. per 12. Each $0.10
Shipping Shipping
Radiotone as described each Jj).9(j Weight IMMEDIATE SHIPMENTS Weight
2 lbs. pec doz. 2 lbs. ler 12
IMMEDIATE SHIPMENTS These binding posts are furnished either nickel plated or gold lacquered, They are made
of first quality brass ; holes are accurately bored, well fitting set screws, and highly polished.
Each post is furnished with a % in. machine screw and washer (not shown in illustrations).
« »
Hercules
The Electro
is a
The Livest Catalog in America
dynamo gener-
ating 12 Volts, 9 Our new electrical cyclopedia Xo. 18 is waiting for
big,
you. Positively the most complete Wireless and elec-
Amperes (100
Watts) and a trical catalog in print today. 200 Big Pages, 600
marvel of elec- illustrations. 500 instruments and apparatus, etc.
Btg "Treatise on Wireless Telegraphy." 20 FREE
trical or me-
chanical effi-
coupons for your 160-page FREE Wireless Course
ciency and sim-
in 2H lessons. FREE Cyclopedia No. 18 measures
plicity.
7x5%". Weight xk. lb. Beautiful stiff covers.
It is cspe-
"THE LIVEST CATALOG IN AMERICA"
i
designed for lighting and charging storage
illy Now before you turn this page write your
batteries will run IS twelve volt lamps simul-
;
name and address on margin below, cut or
aneously. Can also be used as a powerful mo- tear out, enclose f> cts. stamps to cover
tor developing nearly % H.I'. .Machine is shunt mail charges, and the Cyclopedia is
wound; size 7 in. high, by 11% in. long and yours by return mail.
"j in. wide. It is the cheapest Dyuamo for its
THE ELECTRO IMPORTING CO.
('.
A NOISELESS "ALARM" CLOCK. rived, the alarm mechanism operates, turn- Experiment —
Take the bulb and hold
By K. M. Coggeshall. ing the drum, thus winding in the cord, it near a rapidly moving belt, connected
Have you ever stopt to wonder what which in turn closes the switch and lights with machinery which is not grounded.
your friend in the next room thinks when the lamp. All this will be accomplished Hold the brass end of the bulb close to the
your discordant alarm clock rings each noiselessly. Xo one can sleep with a bright
morning? Have you ever wisht you had beam of light suddenly directed onto the
face. Furthermore, it is im-
possible to snatch a few cat-
naps before getting up with
this light in the eyes. It is
therefore imperative that the
awakened person arise and
open the controlling switch
and once out of bed there is
little danger of dropping off to
sleep again.
Experimental Chemistry
By ALBERT W. WILSDON
Thirteenth Lesson
ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS. used, the second takes place. An acid of Sodium Hydroxid solution in an evaporat-
(£ onlinu, d I
this. kind can. further, form one sail with ing dish, and
immerse in it a piece of blue
stated in the pn ious installment,
two bases, in which one metal is sub- hiii" allowing il to remain in the
AS
1
the acid and a second metal for the Othi r. chloric acid from the beakei
by the number of hydrogen atoms
\s aforementioned, in the molecuh allowing it to drop into the evaporat-
" [replaceable by a metal] in its
Hydrochloric acid |11C1| as in Nitric acid ing dish, in the manner shown by Fig. 66,
molecule. Thus: Mono-basic acids
contain one hydrogen atom, :i< Hydro-
[HNO I, then 1- but one atom of hydro stirring the mixture.
gen. If, therefore, the act of neutraliza- It will be noticed that the litmus paper
tion takes place in each molecule it is com- will probably turn red, owing to the fact
plete, and the salt is known as a neutra that the solution has too much acid 1
normal salt. In Sulfuric acid [HaSO«] tained in it. If such is the case, add a
there are two atoms of hydrogen in each little more Sodium Hydroxid, by allow-
molecule, and either one or both of il ing to drop from a stirring rod in the
atoms may be replaced. If only one is re- same manner as described for the acid. If
placed a salt having the general formula, too much of the Hydroxid is added the
MHSOi, is obtained. This is still an acid, litmus paper might again turn to a blue
while it is also partly a salt. This is known color, and if this happens, add a little more
as an Acid Sail. oJ the acid, drop by drop, till the liquid
It may be difficult for some readers to becomes neutral to the litmus paper. It
associate the names Monobasic, Dibasic. may be necessary to keep adding either the
Tribasic, Tetrabasic, etc., with the basicity Acid or the Hydroxid. Introduce another
of the acids, but as these names represent piece of red litmus when you think the
solution is neutral, and if it" is unaffected,
immerse another piece of blue litmus paper
It Is Always Best to Stir Solutions with a in it, and then if the solution does not
Glass Rod. Have a Clean Vessel for Each affect either the red or blue paper it is
Acid If You Would Achieve Satisfactory neutral. If the solution is not clear after
Results.
it has been neutralized, filter it, and throw
chloric acid [HC1], from which only one away all but about 15 cc. of it.
replacement is possible. Di-basic acids Place the 15 cc. of the solution obtained
contain two hydrogen atoms, as, Sulfuric into an evaporating dish, and place on
acid [H:SOi], from which two replace- either a piece of fine meshed iron gauze
ments are possible. Tri-basic acids contain or a piece of asbestos pad, as shown in
three hydrogen atoms, as Phosphoric acid Fig. 67. Apply a light to the Bunsen
|ll POi], from which three replacements burner under the evaporating dish, and al-
are possible. Tetra-basic acids contain four low the liquid to evaporate [boil] till a
hydrogen atoms, as, Normal Silicic acid Method of Pouring Small Quantities of Acid white solid is formed, or in other vt
[H«SiO<]. [Note: Normal Silicic acid onto a Glass Rod so That They Drop into a till all the water has been driven from
readily parts with half of its water, leaving Beaker or Other Dish Easily. the original solution.
ll.SiOs, also called Silicic Acid], from The equation of the reaction which took
the number of hydrogen atoms in the mole- place between the Sodium Hydroxid and
which four replacements are possible.
cule, it may be well to memorize the fol-
Penta-basic acids contain five hydrogen the Hydrochloric acid when neutralized
lowing:
atoms, as Periodic acid [H.JOo], from was :
and
KOH
Potassium
4. HC1 = KCI + H,0
Hydrochloric Potassium Water
Hydroxid Acid Chlorid
Other acids ha\ e the power to form two
or more salts with the same base.
If only half the quantity of base that is
required to neutralize the acid is added,
half the acid remains unchanged, and on
Correct Manner in Which to Place "Evap-
orating Dish," Wire Gauze and Bunsen
evaporating the solution, the excess acid Burner.
will pass off. If only half the quantity of
acid that is required to neutralize the base The pre \ Mono means one
is added, hall" the base will remain un- Di— two
changed. Sulfuric acid [H2SO.] has been Tri— three
found to have the power to form two salts
it
Tetra — four
with Potassium Hydroxid [KOH], in one Penta— five
of which there is twice the amount of the Thus, when speaking on monobasic acids,
metal as in the other. The reactions being: by remembering that mono means one, —
KOH 4 USD, — KHSO, 4. H.O and when associated with the basicity of
Potassium
Hydroxid
Sulfuric
Acid
Potassi
[acid] Sulfate
Watei .111 acid, mono —
meaning one. and the If Two or More Liquids Which Have Differ-
basicity being the number of hydrogen ent Densities and Will Not Mix Are Poured
and again : into a Jar, They Will Come to Rest in the
atoms, we can thus see that monobasic Order of Their Densities, with the Surfaces
2KOH 4 H.SO, = K,Sp 4 1
11 " means one hydrogen atom. of Each Separating Them Horizontally.
1
sium Sulfuric Potassium Water Mercury. Water. Oil and Alcohol, When
Hydroxid Acid Sulfate EXPERIMENT NO. 54— Poured in a Test Tube. Will Come to Rest
Tf to a certain quantity of Sulfuric acid Have two small-lipt beakers, or two test in the Order Named.
only half the quantity of Potassium Hy- tubes, one of which will contain 10 a
droxid that is required to neutralize it is of a solution of Sodium Hydroxid |Na(>H| preceding experiment, prepare a solution
added, the first reaction takes place; but and the other an equal quantity of Hydro- ol both Potassium Hydroxid and Hydro-
if twice as much I'otassium Hydroxid is chloric acid [HClj. Pour S cc. of the ontinued on /••
: : : : :
RECIPES FOR KILLING FLIES. to flies. Put in a saucer, darken the room
1 'i»j ;
simple, and they attract the flies. borax to twelve bushels of manure will
keeping the solution always available for copying process in which the writing or
FREEZING MIXTURES. flies drink.
to An ordinary, thin-walled drawing to be copied is made on smooth
drinking glass is filled or partially filled paper in aniline ink. and is then prest
When ice or snow are not to be had and
with the solution. A
saucer, or small plate. upon a slab coated with gelatin, to which a
for those of us who do not have an up-to- in which is placed a piece of white blot- part of the ink is thus transferred, and
date laboratory that is provided with ting paper cut the size of the dish, is put from which a number of duplicate impres-
agencies of cooling power, I am sure the bottom up over the glass. The whole is sions can be made; also, the special ap-
following mixtures will prove most con- then quickly inverted, a match placed under pliances, collectively, by means of which
venient. the edge of the glass, and the container is this is done." The chance, however, is
1. Xitrat of ammonia, carbonat of soda
that you do not want any definition, but
and water, equal parts by weight the ther- ;
ammonia, 6 parts: dilute nitric acid (acid oi drawing, are using successfully. Agree-
1 part, water 2 parts), 4 parts. Reduces
able to this contingency, we have
the temperature from 50° to 21°.
3. Sal-ammoniac, 5 parts nitrat of pot-
:
—
Receipt Xo. 1. Soak an ounce of fish
glue in cold water. Drain off the water
ash, 5 parts sulfate of soda, 8 parts
:
Our A Iiboratory ' pi ipen to -ill readers, ivhethei subscribers 01 not, The photos are judg,.-,! for best arrangement ami efficiency
of iIh- apparatus. I" :asi
i the interest of this department we make it a rule not t" publish photos of apparatus un 1 by that of th<- owner- Dark
photos preferred to light I :s. I
We
paj each month $3.00 prize for the best photi your description brief and us< side of thi
. '"with the Amateurs" Di pi
AMATEUR RADIO STATION H. L. SCOTT TO RENEW HIS when I operated my station, in fact
CONTEST RADIO ACTIVITIES. it has thrilled me so much that ' am go-
Monthly Prize, $3.00. Just recently bought a copy of Tin. I ing to renew my operations with the old
This month's prize-winner. I
raucAL
ii. Experimenter, the January (Not until iiftcr the War- lid.)
number, and on reading it thru it has It was when I lived at 15S Hamilton
CEDRIC E. HART'S EXCELLENT brought back pleasant memories of the Street, East Providence, R.I., in 1909 and
RADIO OUTFIT. 1910, that 1 had my best outfit. About that
The switch panel anil cabinet, etc., shown
in the accompanying photo have all been THE MONTANA WIRELESS
STATION OF HOWARD PASCOE.
1 herewith a photograph of "The
offer
Montana Wireless Station" which consists
of 1 K.W. Packard transformer, run on 7 ...
cabinet I have no difficulty in receiving ail Butte, Montana (1129 East Galena) then the helix to the right is an anchor gap.
;
of the coast stations and the The sending key may be seen on
amateurs within a fair distance the extreme right of the table:
of here. 1 also hear Guam, the contact points are two dimes.
Honolulu, Alaska, Panama, etc., For receiving I had a loose
quite regularly. I have a license coupler of my own make, a
and my call is 6SL. My receiv- Murdock tuning coil and a de-
ing set comprises the following: tector stand in which I used sili-
Navy 'phones, Blitzen tuner, con, together with a pair of 3.000
Blitzen variable, Clapp-Eastham ohm rei eivers, potentiometer,
tubular fixt condenser, Turney fixt condenser and Massie sealed-
variable condenser, and an point electrolytic detector with
Audion cabinet. double pole switch to throw in
My transmitting outfit com- either system. I have heard Key
prises a 1K.W. Thordarson Vest with this station.
transformer. K.B. preventer, 1.. SCOTT. HERBERT
commercial key, home-made con- l.i ickstone, Mass.
denser, Halcun rotary spark gap, (All radio men should rend
home made Telefunken type OS the notice in "Radio Dept." and
dilation transformer and a opposite /'a, i.- Erf.)
Uncle Sam May Find the Amateur Radio Station of Howard Pascoe,
Blitzen hot-wire meter. The at Butte, Montana, of Valuable Assistance.
switches on the panel control the "NO 'E.E.*" MORE
transformer, power, meter, condenser and savs the newsdealer. "All sold out!" Did
inductance.
ATTENTION!!! he' tell so last time? MORAL: YOU
This set, so far, has proven very efficient \sk him to order a copy for you every
and, being as the panel has not been com- Has your station photo appeared in
month. Costs you nothing to do so. The
pleted two weeks yet, 1 think that Evans "The Electrical Experimenter"? tremendous tper does not allow
ton, Wyo., is a pretty good distance to not purchase the Why
electrotype i'\us, printing, s,, we furnish dealers only
i
transmit for the short time have had it. and have
I
some "real" stationery
with a sufficient amount of copies to supply
Here's wishing the EXPERIMENTER prosperi- printed with your station picture tlteir regular customers. If you are one,
ty in its chosen path.
on it? All of the "regular radio-
be sure t" tel our newsdealer so. and give
bugs" are doing it.
CEDRIC E. HART. him your nam iddress, so he'll notify
Salt Lake City, Utah. nun .1 i,
you by postal i. you forget to call.
iniiiiiiiiii
I
A PROGRESSIVE CHICAGO RADIO side of Autlion make a complete switch- DE FOREST GIVES $5,000 TO AMER-
EXPERIMENTER. over from crystal to Audion apparatus. ICAN DEFENSE SOCIETY.
My sending set included a 4 K.W. Llit- ;
Also to amplify weak signals there is a Dr. Lee de Forest, the wireless inventor,
zen transmitter with rotary spark gap, op- Multi-Audi-Fone and 2.IJ00 'phones. Sta- has offered the American Defense Society
tion call 9XV. $5,000 as the nucleus of a preparedness
Chicago, ARTHUR R. GATES.
111. fund.
Amateur News
The club is progressing rapidly and is certain were connected with Thursday night were Rock
Fort Wayne Radio Association of
to obtain more members in the near future. A? Island, Peoria. Springfield, Cambridge, Genesee
Indiana. yet we have no set but expect to obtain one and Monmouth.
The Fort Wayne Radio Association of Indiana soon. Regular meetings are held every Thursday Roy S. Landon had charge of this work, and
began the New Year with the installation of the night at 7 :30. All communications should be under his supervision the boys are showing an
following new officers: G. Carter, President: R. sent to Harlow Eppert. 841 State Avenue, Kansas unusual amount of interest. Recently the boys
Parvin, Vice-president; D. W. May. Secretary and City, Kansas. received and sent messages to the University of
F. Hall, Treasurer. Iowa station.
We have had some very successful meetings
Y. M. C. A. Wireless of Salesburg, 111.,
during the winter months. Our best and most-
lookt for speeches are given by Mr. Carter, who. Sends Basketball Scores. Worcester Tech. Wireless Club is Busy.
besides giving good talks, has formulas worked The wireless club of the Y. M. C. A. recently The Wireless Club of Worcester Tech., elected
Warren R. Burgess, '16. of Hyde Park, chief
out, which enables us to see if we are getting sent out the scores of the basketball tournament.
These scores were sent out three times a day. at operator in charge of the maintenance of the
the most out of our transmitters. Twelve new members were vote.
the close of each session. 12:00 o'clock noon. 6:00 Tech. station.
In an effort to lessen interference, we have a
in and plans were discust for a series of talks
"ORM Committee" to report at our meetings every o'clock after the afternoon session and at 10:00
to be given by Instructor Carleton D. Haigis of
two weeks. o'clock after the night session. The towns which
the physics department on the theory of electric
Several of our members have some fine long- _
waves and other subjects interesting to wir
distance work to their credit. They are 9 'P C,
W F. 9 V V. 9 T A. 9 K G and 9 U H.
students. The president was empowered to ap-
9
We will be glad to correspond with other clubs ALL RADIO AMATEURS point a committee to draw up plans of a new an-
so as to exchange ideas. Address communica- ATTENTION! tenna to be erected this year.
tions to D. W. May 19 U H). 3021 Hoagland
As you know the United J., Wireless Amateurs
all of Hoboken, N.
Avenue. Fort Wayne. Ind.
States is now
in a state of war with Secure Clubrooms.
Alpena, Mich., Has a Radio Club. Germany, and as true-blood Amer- The Hudson City Radio Association has secured
The Alpena Radio Club of Alpena. Mich., has ican citizens, we are, each and rooms, at 541 Central Avenue. Jersey City, where
advancement of wireless they have erected a large aerial and a sensitive
been formed for the every one of us, duty bound to obey receiving outfit. Code practise is given every
telegraphy. are held every Thursday-
Meetings
evening at the home
of the President, 516 State
the mandates of the U. S. Govern- night to those who desire it.
t. The officers are: President. W. A. Pot- ment officials. The Navy Depart- Election of permanent officers was held with
ter; Vice-president, Hugo Sorenson: Secretary and ment has been delegated by our the following results: President. Joseph F. Grece;
Treasurer. P. B. Alger; and Consulting Engineer. Vice-president, William Biedenkapp: Financial
President to close all amateur or retarv, Frank Y. Bremer: Recording Secretary.
Mr- I Mulavey. All communications should be
addrest to the Secretary, P. B. Alger. 119 State experimental radio stations, no Clarence Mavis; treasurer. William S. Davidson.
Street, Alpena, Michigan. matter whether equipt for transmit- All amateurs in Hudson County are invited to
join the association. Address Clarence M
ting or receiving, licensed or un-
Secretary. 91 Fi rry Street. Jersey City. N.J
Allentown, Pa., Radio Men Reorganize. licensed, and therefore we shall all an application blank.
The Inter-City K ition of Allentown.
organized October 28, I'M 5. recently re-
have to abide by this decree,
Pa.,
organized under a new name to be known hence- whether we like it or not. Waterbury Radio Club of
as The Y. M. C. A Radio Association of Therefore, beginning with the Waterbury, Conn.
Allentown.
The art of field signaling and code receiving
"THE
next issue of ELECTRI- The Waterbury Radio Club was formally organ-
ized recently by 5 local young men who are in-
are now being taught to the members by the Chief
CAL EXPERIMENTER." we will
1
Vice-president; Harlow Ft tary; Joe radio-telegraphy. Let her go, boys! organization "to further advance and foster the art
Harlan, Tre.i- of' wireless telegraphy in this city."
— — , ) :
EXPERIMENTAL CHEMISTRY. explaim d in the up' unit; of this article. "MAN-HUNTING" WITH THE
(Continued from page 123) [f Sodium Sulfate [Xa
desired ; S(> ELECTRIC CALLING
chloric acid, and proceed utralize tlicm he prepared in the same manner as above. SYSTEM.
— pause — one,
I
in the same manner \n<, they are neu- two, three two =: 32
tralized, and after applying thi litmus tests,
EXPERIMENT XO. 57— on the electric call m here illus-
[il;i, in •
lean evaporating <lish and
,i i
Xtraliz e
e n A m m oniu m Hydroxid
i
aporate the solutii m to drj ness
i The |XH,oil| b\ the preceding methods, and
equation for thi-. reaction is practicallj the Nitric Acid N< \l.d.. I
I with I I |
same except that Potassium is substituted the red and blue litmus papers. Evapi
as before. The product ol this neutraliza-
TABLE OF VALENCE. tion cannol be evaporated mpleti dry- i
TABLE NO. I.
ness, owing in ilu fact that the nitral
hreaks up.
n Positive X' \ MlTAI. AND N BCA' MI, HI i . ll\u \H,XO, 4- H.o
R IDICALS. '
:!'' M.S:
Ammonium Nitric aci,l Ammonium W
•^ _; -j _: Hydroxid Nitrat
c
(4 The above which were prepared by
salts
3 >> >.
the neutralization ol acids and basi an
S a H H f. c 5- (~
ii MS As Pt V () N C .soluble salts.
Na la SI, Sn CI s P Si Salts can also he produced by the action
K Sr Bi Br so, B Sill,
of acids on metals below are given methods
V
Hg
Ha
Pb
An
Fe
I
NO-
SI
1
l,
11,
PI
I'll,
l>
Nil, Cu Cr N'l l 1
,1 ., Asl ',
111,
111,
(
/.„
d Al <ln
i n .
1 ,11,(1, \ i i,
EXPERIMENT XO. 58—
Co i H i Put into a clean test tube about 5 grams
Mi ClOj of zinc and pour over it about 10 cc. oi
II, BrOj will be re-
Si Ii i,
dilute hydrochloric acid. It
Potassium Hydrochloric
Hydroxid Acid t hlorid. note what is left. Keyboard of Electric "Man-Hunting"
EXPERIMENT XO. 56— The reaction for this experiment is Machine. It Instantly Summons the
part of Sulfuric acid with three
Dilute 1 Zn 4- 2HC1 ZnCl 2
Hydrochloric
4- H, = Zinc^ Hydrogen
Desired Party to the Nearest Tele-
phone.
or parts of water, and place in a
four Zinc
Acid Chlorid
small-lipt lieaker or test tube as in the
preceding experiments, ami neutralize.
The gas which escapes from the tube is trated. prince of man-hunters,
It is the
hydrogen, and by applying a lighted splint serving as to quickly summon anydue-,
When neutral, filter, and place in an evap- it
to the mouth a slight explosion should be particular individual to the nearest tele-
orating dish and evaporate to dryness.
Either one of the following equations will caused to occur. The product obtained in phone, no matter in what part of the plant
this experiment is Zinc Chlorid [ZnCl,]. or -hup he may he at the moment.
take place :
St
Bo-
« • •XBXX^»XXXBX^X» ••X^»
•r<i<ii«rrr«iii<i««ni
scrap iron. It may be nei e
: •
•
• •
some time remove from
flame, and add about 5 or In cc
[after the liquid has been fil-
the
.
strument may, hoi
where on the circuit.
any-
Manganese lln
'
A
a
K,-
•
b»
•
»r»Br» •r«r««B«»»»n»
•
• •ri>HHMH..BHr>>
• *B*BBr*D* •••••••
r«* •••••• *bx*b* • »xr»
• place an evaporating dish
and proceed to c\ aporate. The
in
Uercury
Mercury
t/ic/tel
fvfossium
He
H,
Hi
K
M
'
<
•
•
r<
•xr»BBrBXXBX»^» • • ^.
••••• • nar» •• ••
in«»c
• r.
Iron
Fe -r-HjSOj
^* ••• ••••• ••
'•XXiXXiXXX»i»^i»«XI»
X( )»]. 'lace about 5
of copper scraps in a test tube
|
I I 1 ment is made
in one univer-
line In • b*x*b*bbb*« *r*BB«* ••• and add the 10 CC of Nitric sal model,
acid, prepared as above. If ac- which has a
X- Slant tion does not take place, heat calling capac-
B Soluble in tvoter •
gently over a Bunsen burner ity of 45 dif-
D - Insoluble in ireiSr and oc/ds \ deep green solution will 1
1
1 code
• 'Insoluble in ivoter but so/ubie /nripdvcnfor/cMtne.JoXi orJevoAeyio
W- Sligntji so/ubte in water form, and after the action has n n m h c r s .
^» Soluble in ivoter ivdh very rr/tte acid. r£\ stopt, add about S or 10 cc. of There is no
water and slowly evaporate, as limit to the
Table of Solubilities. inline. If the evaporation is n ii in her of
carried to dryness the nitrat signaling devices which the instrument will
IKOH It, sn, ! K,S(i, 4- H»0 = will hi eak up into the insi ilubli control, provided sufficient current is let
nun Sulfuric Pol issium \\ .ii. oxid, which will manifest a black coloi i
nfc^TE.5 t ...
VWt en t I
Electric Photometer magnets to operate a pawl and loop circuit will have less resistance A novel invention comprising an
An than the antenna circuit, as it is electrically driven or propelled land-
(No. 1,218,946; issued to Clayton ratchet connecting with the indi-
closed and practically all of the torpedo possessing several unique
Laing.) cating needle in the manner shown,
and the dial may he marked off in high frequency oscillations produced features. As shown in the illustra-
This device embodies a clever the When tion, the design comprises two sec-
electrically operated photometer for any suitable style and colors. The will flow in this circuit.
key is opened, the arc oscillations tions; the forward compartment con-
use bj photographers in accurately device can be attached to any pool
or damaging will charge the aerial instead. taining the charge of explosives and
calculating the proper exposure for table without altering
and each table pocket is con- detonating means, while the pivoted
it,
Oscillating-Current Generator rear unit contains the electric driv-
nected up to the electrical score-
(No. 1,221,034; issued to Lee de ing motor and necessary gears. The
board.
Forest.) land-torpedo is dispatched from a
Electrolytic Gas-Generator trench, and is under constant con-
trol ofa soldier in the trench. It
(No. 1,219,966; issued to Isaac H. , .. , ..„,
Phoney Patents
Under heading are publisht electrical or mechanical ideas which
this you haven't a smell of the Patent yet. After they have allowed the Pat-
our clever inventors, (or reasons best known to themselves, have as yet ent, you must pay another $20.00 as a final fee. That's $40.00 WE ! !
not patented. We furthermore call attention to our celebrated Phoney PAY YOU $3.00 and grant you a Phoney Patent in the bargain, so you
Patent Offizz for the relief of all suffering daffy inventors in this country save $43.00 ! When sending in your Phoney Patent application,
!
as well as for the entire universe. be sure that it is as daffy as a lovesick bat. The darner, the better.
We are revolutionizing the Patent business and OFFER YOU THREE Simple sketches and a short description will help our staff of Phoney
DOLLARS! $3.00 FOR THE BEST PATENT. If you take your Phoney Patent examiners to issue a Phoney Patent on your invention in a
Patent to Washington, they charge you $20.00 for the initial fee and then jiffy.
2UV.A.C.
Phoney Patent Offizz S. T. Raphangr of Rushour, D. T.
No. ( 60° G. Patent Rattled
SELF PROPELLED TROLLEY
S>.
"
To Whomsever It Might Concert: all the power and lots to spare besides, turn drives the motors under the car.
Be it knowed to all unknown and all being furnished by the swaying straphang- The motors being geared to the axles drive
other straphangers at large, as well as all ers themselves. The excess power can be the wheels of the car. The car wheels
those confined ih solitary confinement used to light the car and charge a stor- being off center, as observed, will give the
thruout tin- world, that 1 Salomon Tad- age lattery, which in turn may drive the trolley car a pitching motion like a ship
deus Raphangr of the City of Rushour car when traffic
light. But this
is i
in a swell. This greatly aids in more effec-
iu the State of Deliriumtremens, have de- no means By
providing all seats with
all. tively swaying and bumping the passengers.
vised, designed, designated and developed a spring attachment, the seated passengers The seated passengers when ri>ing up
an invention of the most Ear reaching con- will hump up and down nicely, and 1 found and down on their spring -eats operate
Straphangers All Over the Universe As Well As Trolley Car Magnates Will Rejoice At This New Invention. Not Only Do the Sw
ing Passengers Now Propel the Car, But They Experience All the Variegated Experiences of a Sea Trip and All for a Nickel.
sequences to a long suffering traveling pub- thisto be far more pleasing than being gears 4 and the resulting power is also
lic. bumped up and down on hard seat-;. It conveyed to belts 3, this furnishing
the
a well known, altho deplorable fact,
It is is also very healthy, for -the digestion is additional power.
that the modern trolley car for economic greatly improved, especially after heavy II 'hat I claim is:
reasons of all traction companies are equipt meals. It will "settle" the heartiest meal 1° A wireless trolley, operated solely by
with rather oval as well as "flat" wheels. wonderfully. If the public comes to rea- straphangers.
lize this it will patronize my new self- 2° A self propelled fat reducing trolley
The tracks too, are of the scenic railway
type, fashioned after the camel's back, c, i. propelling trolley in a manner undreamt stimulating digestion and preventing in-
hill and valley with 15 hills and 29 val- of by the most voracious traction com- digestion.
leys to the running yard. These modern pany shareholder. No power house nor 3 A trolley car giving passengers all
refinements are necessary to shake up and trolley wires being required, the company the experiences of a sea trip for a nickel.
make enormous and will In consternation whereof, I have there-
bump the cars vigorously, this action be- will profits, it
ing required to pack the passengers tightly be able to issue a package of chewing gum fore resolved and caused to he app< I
into the car and to jingle the passengers' and 10 trading stamps free with every and imprest hereunto and hereunder the
nickles, so the latter can be extracted easier nickel ride. crest of my family shoe tree with my left
for the conductor's rake-off. Referring to the patent drawing we find uppermost hind foot this 16th day after
,
1917
130 THE ELECTRICAL EXPERIMENTER June,
gUESTION BOX
/&&
*
electrical experimenters. Questions w.ll be answered here for the benefit of all, but onlj
This department is for the sole benefit of all undei which quest.onsw.il be answered.
matto of sufficient toterestwiU be publish! Rules answered
Only three questions can be submitted to be written in ink; no penciled matter considered.
1.
Only one side of sheet to be* nttenseparate
on at ™ j 1
cannot be answered by mail free of charge.
2.
Sketches, diagrams, etc.. must .be on f^ f^y u^*tiSn"addrest to this department
sheets.
'
3.
«"ffg°™
5 tOs^M^eSw each question. If the question entail considerable re-
search %&&%8£S?&£fi%&& S£tf i^win^cnar^ed Torrespo^ts^vill be informed as to the fee before such questions are
~
answered. _ .
I
power-houses', where it is required to know 1 have been answered before in the m unperiodically consequently affecting the
;
down
to write to us. look over
to a certain degree by shunting a high re-
sit
during certain periods of the day. I sistance "leak" path across the grid con-
back numbers and nine times 1
your]
Q. 3. Are these instruments sufficiently denser. It must be a non-inductive leak
accurate to warrant their use in laboratory j out of ten you will find the answer, j
and can be made very readily by marking
work? How are they calibrated? hard to publish only
II 'e strive upon a sheet of paper a pencil mark and
A. 3. No. Most of them require a large j
I such matter as Inn not appeared he- -g connecting the ends of this line across the
correction factor. Their accuracy depends condenser. A little patience in making the
1 fore in our columns, and for that j
upon the degree of voltage variations as = reason only a small fraction of que- W^ proper, thickness of line will be required
the friction between the pen and paper is before proper results can be obtained.
1 ties of those received by us are ac-
somewhat great when the moving element j
I tually publisht.
is caused to move frequently.
The wiring diagram herewith gives con- Kindly note, therefore, that in the ||
nections of a recording voltmeter for cal- 1 future zee cannot, in your own
ibrating the same with a standard volt- 1 f crest, answer questions by mail, free m
meter. We of charge.
IMPULSE EXCITATION. I or innnedi- j
questions requiring
(786.) Paul Magdale, Hackensack, N.
desires to know
J.,
ate answer ourfor the fee is 25c. 5
:
ordinary question and J.;* for
Q. 1. What is meant by impulse excita-
We will J
I each additional question.
;
impulse \< produi ed. mil Q. 1. Can you give me the wave length
of an antenna which consists of four wires
quenched spark gap system
Q. 1. Where can I buy wioeless ks 1
(ill feet high, 100 feet long, and the wires
ated on the impulse excitation prin-
describing in detail the complete theory of separated 2 feet?
ciple?
radio engineering, and also a text-book A. 1. The wave length of this antenna
A. 2. Yes; but it is not an ideal im-
giving complete data as to the design and is 300 meters.
pulse excitation, since the primary of the
operation of radio apparatus? Q Suppose I desire to use this an-
_'.
circuit is not permitted to be highly damped.
Furthermore, the oscillations of the pri- A. 1. We
would recommend the follow- tenna with a transmitting station, which
ing books, which we believe will give you will comprise a 500 watt 60 cycle trans-
mary are periodically cyclonic and not im-
riod oscillations, as that all the desired information: By .1. A. (Continued on page 137)
pulsive i
June, 1917 THE ELECTRICAL EXPERIMENTER 131
$20 apiece?
It doesn't take a prophet to look into the future and see the
magnificent accumulations of dividends that should accrue from
such an enterprise.
It isn't hard to foresee what the earnings of such a chain of
stores can pay in say ten years from today. By that time the
chain should extend to every city of any importance in the coun-
Boston Service Store of National Rubber Company, Located at 557 try. This may mean thousands of such stores, because there are
Columbus Avenue.
in the United States 1,442 towns of 5,000 or more inhabitants
and over 100 cities having a population of 55.000 or over. The
a station such as he proposes to establish elsewhere. small towns, say the towns under 10.000, would require only
This is what his Philadelphia service station and store does: one such service station, while the larger towns would require
It sells tires below the average price of high-class tires ot
equal
a number of them.
size and qualitv.
Itdelivers tires PUT ON YOUR CAR. THOUSANDS OF CHAIN STORES
You phone in that you need a 34x4 tire and give your address. To give you an idea of how many stores some of the big chains
A mechanic picks up the required tire, puts it in the carrier of a have, it is enough to mention the Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea
motorcycle and speeds off to your address. On arrival he takes Company, with over 1,500 retail stores; the United Cigar Stores,
off your old tire and puts on the new" one. No trouble, no mess. with over 1,000 retail stores the Woolworth Company, with over
;
If you want your old tire repaired he takes it back w'ith him and 1,000 stores, etc.
it is delivered as soon as repairs are made. The tremendous growth of the automobile industry a growth —
You have saved time, labor, worry and money.
PROVES what REA-
that is gathering size and importance every day makes this pro- —
The success of this first service station jected chain of tire service stores all the more important.
SONABLE PRICES. HIGH QUALITY GOODS, EFFICIENT At the beginning of 1917 there were approximately THREE
SERVICE will accomplish. Profits are large because of volume. MILLION autos in use in the United States. According to last
The Philadelphia service station already has 11,000 CUSTOM- United States census, there were in 1910 (date of last census)
ERS. (Not tire sales, but CUSTOMERS.) 91,972,266 inhabitants in the U. S. It is calculated that there are
With this established PROOF of the value of this new departure now at least 120,000.000 people in the U. S. At this rate, there
service, Mr. Feist has oreanized a company to establish National is one auto in the L
T
S. for every 40 people.
. In many of the
Rubber Company SERVICE STATION'S and stores all over states, the ratio is higher than one for everv 16 people. This
the country. His plan provides for opening 500 stores the first
means that THERE IS A TREMENDOUS POSSIBILITY FOR
year, if possible,and more stores year by year as the company MORE MACHINES.
grows. According to the best informed automobile authorities, it is
OFFERS GREAT OPPORTUNITIES calculated that there will be added at least 1,000.000 auto users
during the vear 1917, brincing up the total close on to FOUR
The OPPORTUNITIES offered by this chain of tire service MILLION AUTOS in actual use in the U. S. With such an
stores are self-evident. enormous distribution of cars, and all the automobile factories
CHAIN STORES of all kinds have been enormously success- of any account way behind in deliveries, an enormous supply
ful. They have built up some of the greatest fortunes in the of tires will be required to keep these autos running.
country- They have made original investors enormously rich. 24,000.000 TIRES NEEDED
And this in spite of the fact that most chain stores have dealt
only in articles selling for a very small sum. HOW MUCH Very moderate estimates number of tires required
place the
GREATER should be the profits of a chain of stores selling 3. on each car at EIGHT PER YEAR. Each auto MUST HAVE
product whose every SINGLE SALE equals the sale of HUN- FIVE TIRES, four on the wheels and one spare tire. It is an
DREDS of the articles sold in most chain stores? ultra conservative estimate, therefore, that places the required
The UNITED CIGAR STORES, sellinc cigars, cigarettes and number of tires to meet the needs of 1917 at SIN PER CAR.
tobacco,average LESS THAN
20 CENTS PER SALE. The At this rate 4,000,000 automobiles will require 24,000.000 tires.
National Rubber Company averages MORE THAN $20 PER This is truly AN AMAZING FIGURE for an industry that is
SALE, with proportionate profits. only a little over a dozen years old.
THE WOOLWORTH STORES sell 5 and 10 cent articles. The distribution of these cars is centered at present in certain
Yet they have made many millions and the highest office building sections. When the other sections have awakened to the advan-
in the world was built out of these nickels and dimes. tages and uses of the automobile and its economy for travel and
The REGAL SHOE COMPANY with its chain of hundreds of commercial purposes, it is more than likely that the distribution
shoe stores, has made its owners rich. So have the Walk-Over will be much more even.
Shoe Stores, the W. L. Douglas Shoe Stores. All chain stores. It has been estimated by statisticians that there are OUF.R
The TRULY WARNER Hat Store chain has accumulated TEX MILLIO.X men in the U. S. who should he. and probably
wealth for its owners.
The Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Stores, the Jewel Tea
Stores, the Acme Tea Stores, all chain stores, have made millions.
The several chains of drug stores, of grocery stores, of cheap
restaurants, have all made fortunes.
The reasons for this uniform success are numerous.
In the first place, operating a ''chain of store*" of any kind
—
reduces the cost operation what is known as OVERHEAD
EN-
PENSE —to the minimum.
Secondly, the purchasing power of the buyer who buys for
hundreds of stores is so enormous that he can pretty nearly make
his own price. He gets ROCK BOTTOMcosts on everything.
Woolworth can sell for 5 or 10 cents articles that often retail at
from 25 to 50 cents because he buys outright entire factory pro-
ductions. The manufacturer who sells his whole output to one Chicago Store of National Rubber Company, the Third in the Chain.
—
soon will be, auto owners. These arc men who, because of their at prices that the prices the individual store owner pays
make
business, their financial condition and their position, shouli pays the minimum for taxes, for insur-
is; it
There are upwards of seven million farmers in the U. S., and 1,\ tl,,- parent company, ind this is divided pro rata so that each
,,f tin i
percentage will probablj become ownei ol auto- individual ston only a -mall -urn as its share of the ad\er-
mobiles fust now only about 7 per cent of thi pr tising
,,un am, biles. The fanner is today the RICH MAN ol the bought at actual contract price from the manufacturer
I . S. He has b< ing the biggest prices ever paid for and o i
i the store, much cheaper than the average
he has 1 >\ scientific farming increased the yield ol his man can buj them.
and 1m
'
en fortunate in getting b ci >p when the prio We then have EXPENSES PARED DOWN TO THE BONE,
was highest. vVHAI THEY WOULD BE UNDER ORDI-
For tl ons, THE FARMER IS USUALIA I'l NARY CONDITIONS. And we have the most attractive kind
PEROUS and lie is putting some of his riches into the comforts of a proposition to offer to the tire buyer — THE BEST TIRE
and conveniences of an automobile. OX Till-. MARKET AT MUCH LESS than he would havi
With such prospects, with such a tremendous field to conquer, pay elsewhere; A SERVICE NO OTHER TIRE CONCERN
with the SUO ESS that has attended the FIRST UNIT of the GIVES oi RANTEED SATISFACTION hacked
National Rubber Company chain of service stores, it is not hard up by a company operating a nation-wide chain of stores.
to visualize the ENORMOUS POSSIBLE PROFITS from this W it li so much to offer and with such splendid profit-making
enterprise. advantages it is not hard to look into the future and see every
store paying a big profit and the company earn-
ing dazzling dividends.
What maj one store earn, you may ask?
Let us do a little figuring
Firstly, the ENTIRE FACTORY SKI. I. IX'.
EXPENSE IS ELIMINATED—the entire output
of the factory being sold to one —
customer the
chain store.
The saving of the traveling expense and sales-
man's salaries and commissions. The saving of
advertising and promotion expense. The ad
office accounting and credit expense All these
are SAVED by the chain stores. In these items
alone is found a
selling cost of at least 20 per cent.
On top of that the JOBBERS' DISCOUNT OF
40 PER CENT IS WIPED OUT.
Xo thinking man or woman has to be told that
NET SUM the manufacturer receives Al.OXE
the
COXTROLS THE QUALITY AXD QUAN-
TITY of materials used in making tires, because
ONLY AXD SOLELY from this NET SUM is
the PROFIT derived.
Because of the TREMEXDOUS OVERHEAD
sellingand distributing expense, the enormous dis-
counts demanded by the jobber, the wholesaler and
the retailer, if the manufacturing cost were TOO
HIGH or even over his competitors, then added
charges, as described here, increase out of propor-
tion and the consumers' prices would be prohibitive.
Hence, in National Speedway Tires most of the
factory selling cost is put in the tire in ADDED
QUALITY AXD
QUANTITY, and the usual
trade discounts are divided with the consumer.
PROFITS OF CHAIN* STORES
We now
come to the question of the profits of the
Officers and OfficialsRubber Company of New York. These Men
of the National chain stores of each unit and of the chain in the
Have Made the Making and Selling of Tires Their Life Work. Both as Manufacturers aggregate.
and Branch Managers. They are Pioneers in the Tire Business: They Have Watched After a careful scrutiny of costs of manufac-
the Tire Business Grow from the Experimental Stage. Today They are Large Fac-
tors in the Manufacturing of the Best Tire that Money Can Make. Mr. Walsh. Who turing, of operating the chain store each unit —
Is Superintendent of the Plant. Has Been for 23 Years in Active Charge of the and figuring a retail price on the tires at a sensible
Making of the Best Known Tire in America. Mr. Sperry Was With the Deere Plow reduction over average price of tires of equal size
Co. as Agency Organizer. Mr. Dougherty Has Been a Tire Representative for Years,
Formerly With the Lee Tire Co. H. A. Lamoree Has Also Been a Branch Tire Store and quality we find that there is still possible an
Manager and General Tire Salesman With Several of the Big Companies. average margin of $5 per tire. This is "AVER-
AGED" because some of the tires will pay more
HOW PROFITS PILE UP profit while some will pay less, but the average has been shown to
be about $5 her tire sold.
Even a casual consideration of the subject makes the figures This is evidently a ESTIMATE.
CONSERVATIVE
run into such amazing columns of profits that the very thought If each chain store sells 10 TIRES PER DAY. we
ONLY
is staggering. have each store earning a profit of $50 a day or $50,000 a day
Thegreat earnings of chain stores of all kinds has been in profit for 1,000 stores.
the aggregate. $50,000 profit per day for 365 days in the year— tire service
When you take 1,000 stores and pile their profits in one great stations are busier Sundays and holidays than other days
heap, you have a formidable aggregate an aggregate which URLS OUT THE ENORMOUS TOTAL OF $18,250,000 \
doesn't have to he very large in the individual case to make up YEAR PROFITS.
this magnificent total.
Youwill realize that an estimate of only ten tires per day
Let us take into consideration one unit and then see how it
is very small. When you consider the tremendous advantages
works out.
of dealing with the National Rubber Companj
Firstly, we must remember that these service stores are oper-
the high class product, the low price, the good service given in
ated at a minimum of expense. administered from the
Being
the way of instant special deliveries, placing the tire on the car
central office, whose- costs of operation are spread over the whole
The man and taking away the injured tire for repairs, it is not hard to
chain, the local stores require only inexpensive help.
who operates a store of his own expects to make \ GOOD understand why these stores should do an enormous business.
LIVING out of it for himself A AND CoOD
PROFIT besjdes; Ten tires per day is a very low estimate of the possibilities.
lie has to pay for everything on the high price of individual Pin i,, i„- even more conservative, let us cm down this estimate
purchases. II,- has to have efficient help, has to advertise and, by half Oi ii- suppose that the stores only FIVE AVERAGE
of course, he has fixed charges for rent, light, taxes, insur- S\[ ES PER DAY let ti- see how this figures out.
ance, etc. FIYE TIRES \ DAY, showing an average profit of $25 per
day per store, one thousand stores will, therefore, pay an esti-
CHAIN STORE SAVINGS mated dail\ profil of $25,000. For 3U?~ days in the year. THI-'.
The
chain store hires only the necessary help, it eliminates ENORMOUS TOTA1 WOULD BE $9,126,000, and it would
the owner's living and profits. It buys in enormous quantities mighty small Store that couldn't sell five tires per day.
134 THE ELECTRICAL EXPERIMENTER June, 1917
These figures are staggering when you analyze the accumu- WHAT THIS MEANS TO AUTOISTS
lated profits of hundreds of stores all over the country, each
contributing its quota of profits from many sources. Let us study it over.
$50 invested in ten shares of this under-
writing stock will the automobile owner 25 per cent on
save
A GOLD MINE OF PROFITS his tires. If his bill for tires runs to $200 a year, he will be
You will note that no estimate has been made of profits from saved, therefore, $50. That means that the stock will have paid
sale of tubes and from the repair department, which should also him 100 per cent on his imestment or 50 per cent on the par
be profitable. value of the stock, which, computed on a stock's ability to earn
It will, of course, take time to build up such a larue chain 5 per cent, will make his TEN SHARES REPRESENT AN
of service stations, but in a few years, with the growth of the INVESTMENT OF $1,000 FROM AN ORIGINAL INVEST-
chain and the enormous increase in the automobile industry MENT OF $50. Then if the company begins paying dividends,
and number of cars in use, THIS CHAIN OF TIRE SERVICE the stock should go to par and over if the dividends amount
STATIONS SHOULD BECOME A VERITABLE GOLD to more than 5 per cent.
MIXE OF PROFITS FOR EVERY STOCKHOLDER WHO When the company gets on a 10 per cent dividend basis, the
BECOMES INTERESTED IN THIS COMPANY NOW, when stock he bought for $50 should represent an investment of $200.
its shares can be acquired at a low initial price. When it pays 50 per cent, it should have an INVESTMENT
The National Rubber Company, of New York, is incorporated VALUE OF $1,000.
Section of Tire-making Department. Here a Small Army of Workmen Are Constantly Employed Putting
the Finishing Touches to National Redwall Speedway Tires. These Workmen Are the High-skilled
Labor and Their Rapidity and Efficiency Are Wonderful.
under the laws of the State of Delaware, with a capitalization So when the company is in a position to pay 50 per cent
of 500,000 shares of the par value of $10 PER SHARE, ALL dividends, this stock should represent an investment to the auto-
COMMON STOCK, SHARING EQUALLY IN PROFITS mobile owner of $2,000, figured on the basis of the dividends and
AND CARRYING FULL VOTING POWER. savings it will give him on his tire purchases. And all from
THE STOCK IS FULL PAID AND NON-ASSESSABLE. an original investment of $50.
For the purpose of establishing the business on a right basis, When the company reaches its full development and its 1,000
SHARES OF
the directors have set aside 100.000 THIS STOCK or more stores begin piling up big profits, such as we have already
TO BE SOLD TO THE PUBLIC. figured on, profits that mean exceptional dividends, THIS ORIG-
Their idea is that by obtaining a wide distribution for this INAL INVESTMENT WILL HAVE ACCUMULATED A
stock, they will enlist local interest in the local distributing and PHENOMENAL VALUE.
service stations of the National Rubber Company. NO AUTOMOBILE OWNER CAN AFFORD TO OVER-
LOOK SUCH AN OPPORTUNITY.
• UNDERWRITING STOCK OFFER A
blind man could see the possibilities presented in this under-
This UNDERW RITING SYNDICATE STOCK is offered in writing offer, an offer so liberal that the directors had to confine it
five different allotments. to a small amount of stock.
The first allotment will be sold in lots of not less than TEN
SHARES and not more than 100 shares at $5 per share, or AN EXCEPTIONAL OFFER
half the par value of the stock. The offer of the stock at $5 per share (par $10) is in itself
This allotment of 20.000 shares is the only stock of the
first a tremendous inducement, but when it is coupled with the offer
UNDERWRITING allotment that will be sold at this low price. of the company to extend a discount of 25 per cent on all tire
The next allotment will probably be sold at from 40 to 50 per cent and tube purchases made through the company, it becomes so
advance in price as soon as the first allotment of 20,000 shares extremelv attractive a proposition that NONE CAN AFFORD
is disposed of. Further allotments at further increases as war- TO IGNORE IT.
ranted. The savings in tire costs alone should pay for the stock of
It is desired —as nearly as possible —to place every share of those who accept this offer.
ai
* M '
r. % „„,,-,„„ *
^<
m *. II Wff
1
The Splendid Modern Character of This Ideal Plant Is Shown Clearly in These Pictures, With Its Strong,
Clear Light, Fine Equipment and Good Flooring. Ideal Conditions for Turning Out High-class Work.
this UNDERWRITING stock in the hands of owners, or pros- This, in itself, makes the proposition attractive. But when the
pective owners, of automobiles, who will become immediate pa- future of this company is analyzed and the possibilities it offers
ARE ALSO OFFERED AN
trons of the chain stores and who are considered, the offer becomes immensely more attractive.
INDUCEMENT TO BECOME BOOSTERS FOR THE TIRE YOU NEED NOT NECESSARILY BE AN AUTOMOBILE
SERVICE STATIONS. THIS INDUCEMENT CONSISTS OWNER today to accept this offer. Your stock in the National
OF A CASH DISCOUNT OF 25 PER CENT UNDER THE Rubber Company will entitle vou to this 25 per cent discount
STANDARD LIST PRICES FOR ALL TIRES SOLD BY on tires and tubes JUST AS LONG AS YOU REMAN A
THE NATIONAL RUBBER COMPANY TO ITS SHARE- STOCKHOLDER. Later, when you buy an auto, you'll be able
HOLDERS. to buy tires at this great saving.
An automobile owner, therefore, has a double interest in buy- You often hear it said' that if you had a chance to invest
ing this stock. with Ford, or Willys, of Overland fame, with Goodrich or Fisk
The saving alone in tire bills for a year should pay for this or Firestone with Westinghouse or Bell, or some of the others,
;
ten shares if he buys at this price and he will have, besides whose companies have earned fabulous dividends, and made
the savings in tire costs, and dividends which the company de- stockholders rich, vou would today be ON
EASY STREET.
clares. This is verv true but the pitiful truth is DID YOU NOT HAVE
IS THIS INVESTMENT WORTH WHILE, you may ask? THIS CHANCE. VERY FEW PEOPLE DID. These com-
June, 1917 THE ELECTRICAL EXPERIMENTER 135
Tire Fabric Cutting Machine. This Machine Can Cut the Fabric for
1,000 Tires a Day, Doing the Work of 10 Men. Vulcanizing Department of the Pottstown Plant. Here the National
Speedway Tires Are Hardened to Stand Wear and Tear. This De-
partment is Now Vulcanizing 1,000 Tires a Day.
A CHANCE IN A MILLION
BUT HERE IS A CHANCE. Hue is a company offering would be holding the stock and boosting for the company.
UNDERWRITING STOCK, stock that can now be bought at Ten thousand holders of stock scattered throughout the coun-
the ROCK BOTTOM PRICE, thru should in time become try would mean a veritable army of boosters, helping build up
enormously remunerative. Stock in a company that promises the business IN WHICH EACH ONE HAS A SOLID, SUB-
to have tremendous growth. STANTIAL INTEREST.
Woolworth and Whalen and the others, who have made tens Ten thousand boosters, working to popularize and make known
of millions out of chain stores, never gave the public a chance the high quality of National SPEEDWAY RED-WALL TIRES
to come in on the organization. They have sold stock since, and Xational Red Tubes — boosting this way because is TO it
lots of it to the general public, but it has been stock in the THEIR IXTEREST boost this way— would save the com-
to
developed proposition, stock that has been sold on the market AT pany tens of thousands of dollars per annum in advertising ex-
THE VALUE PRESENTS NOW,
IT a value figured on the pense.
company's earning' power. That's the principal REASON WHY THIS STOCK IS OF-
LATER YOU MAY A CHANCE
GET on the National Rub- FERED TO YOU AND TO EVERYONE WHO BUYS TIRES
ber Company stock on the open market but YOU'LL PAY THE OR EXPECTS TO BUY TIRES.
DEVELOPED
PRICE OF" STOCK. If the company is earn- It is WORTH IT to the company to make you EVERY IN-
DUCEMENT to buy this stock. AND IT IS CERTAINLY
WORTH WHILE TO YOU TO BUY IT. Remember you
ing 100 per cent on its capitalization, you'll pay for it at that
rate, which, in that case, would be $2,000 for even' $100 par
value, or $200 a share for $10 shares.
THIS IS THE PENALTY THAT SHORT-SIGHTED
PEOPLE PAY for not accepting opportunities that are offered
them.
The poorhouse is FULL OF SUCH PEOPLE, "THE MIGHT-
HAVE-BEEN S."
They lacked the initiative and courage to back their belief
with their money.
THOSE WHO HAD COURAGE
others, those who are without fear, those who have the
The
courage to back their judgment with their money, they are those
you watch spinning past you on the boulevard in luxurious
limousines, whose homes line the fashionable streets.
MONEY MAKES MONEY, but it takes an exceptional op-
portunity to bring you big returns from small investments. You
read, for instance, that $500 invested in such-and-such stock
has earned $250,000; that $500 invested in such other stock has
paid $200,000; that $1,000 in Ford stock of the original com-
pany is now worth millions. THAT
IS ALL TRUE, gospel
truth, BUT
did YOU
ever get a chance to invest in the orig-
inal $28,000 that started Ford on the- highroad to his present
millions? Did you get a chance to invest in the $33,000 that
John N. Willys has built 'up into the tens of millions of the
"Overland Company? Did YOU
get a chance to get in on West-
Rubber Vault. In This Vault Are Stored Thousands and Thousands
inghouse, or Bell Telephone, or Western Union, or Welsbach ofPounds of Uncured Rubber for Tire and Tube Making. It is Stored
Mantles stock? Of course not. And very few people did BE- Here Just as It Comes from the Ships.
CAUSE THESE STOCKS WERE NOT OFFERED TO THE
PUBLIC when they were at a low price. profit immediately because as soon as you are a stockholder
you can save 25 per cent on all the tires you buy.
THERE'S A REASON
77n\f slock is offered for a reason.
WAITING FOR A MIRACLE
It is offered to the UNDERWRITERS of this company to Every man hopes, some day, that by some wonderful miracle
start it with a nucleus of interested tire buyers and boosters in he will be lifted out of the life of drudging toil he leads into
one of affluence, comfort and independence. It is our nature
even' locality.
The directors set A MINIMUM OF TEX SHARES AND to live in this HOPE. But the day of miracles is past. Good
A MAXIMUM OF 100SHARES on this offer. It would doubt- fairies do not run around with bags of gold and drop them into
less be more profitable to the company if every subscription for the laps of the worthy.
this stock was for $50 (10 shares), par value $100, because YOU'VE GOT TO HELP YOURSELF TO FORTUNE.
that would mean that the greatest number of people possible You've got to save to get a nucleus of money to invest where
136 THE ELECTRICAL EXPERIMENTER June, 1917
--^gg ^Sa»
The Magnificent Pottstown, Pa., Plant of the National Rubber Company, Where National Speedway Redwall Tires and National Red Tubes
Are Made. Two Floors of This Big Building Are Completed and Occupied. This Is a Strictly Modern Steel, Concrete and Glass Construc-
tion Factory Building of the Highest Type. The Big Tire Coming Out of the Building is the National Speedway Redwall Tire, Best on the
Market.
VEST PART OF YOUR SAVINGS WHERE THEY CAN
EARN YOU SOMETHING WORTH WHILE.
INVEST FUTURE SAVINGS How You Can Buy This Stock
Or better still. HERE IS A PLAN BY WHICH YOU CAN
ACQUIRE THIS STOCK WITHOUT TOUCHING YOUR 10 shares (par value $100)
SAVINGS.
$10 down, $10 a month for 4 months .$50
BUY WHAT YOU CAN AFFORD TO PAY FOR OUT OF 15 shares (par value $150)
YOUR NEXT SAVINGS $15 down, $15 a month for 4 months $75
The directors have made EASY FOR YOU TO GET THIS
it 20 shares (par value $200)
STOCK AND PAY FOR IT OUT OF YOUR FUTURE SAV- $20 down, $20 a month for 4 months $100
INGS. 30 shares (par value $300)
You can ON EVERY TEN SHARES OF
pav down $10
$30 down, $30 a month for 4 months $150
STOCK YOU 'WANT AND PAY THE BALANCE IN FOUR
EQUAL PAYMENTS OF $10 A MONTH for each 10 shares, 40 shares (par value $400)
making the total of $50 for the ten shares, par value $100. $40 down, $40 a month for 4 months $200
This liberal plan makes it possible for you to buv this stock 50 shares (par value $500)
and pay for it WITHOUT
TOUCHING PRECIOUS THAT $50 down, $50 a month for 4 months $250
CASH RESERVE you have been accumulating in the bank so $100 shares (par value $1,000)
carefully.
$100 down, $100 a month for 4 months $500
BUT U'HATEVER YOU DO. DON'T OVERLOOK THIS
OPPORTUNITY. You'll never get another such chance. This
The undersigned hereby subscribes for shares of the Common Stock of the
National Rubber Company of New York, frill paid and non-assessable, and tenders herewith x; '
(Bank Check or Money Order)
to the order of National Rubber Company of New York for % at the rate of $5.00
full
per share J payment,
[part
STOCKHOLDER'S DISCOUNT —
I
four Murdock block condensers that will Philadelphia County Medical Society, "and
be connected in parallel. The discharge to the science now has a definite, dignified
take place in a quenched spark gap linked place in tin' estimation of the medical pro-
to a primary of an inductive oscillation ion and of the public."
transformer. The secondary to be connect- "We must confess with shame," said Dr.
ed in the usual way to the antenna and S. Lewis Ziegler, "that the greatest ad- Free Trial
und terminals. What I desire to know vances in the application of electricity to Yes. you may keep
medicine have come thru laymen and not this new Edlton —
of. capacity of condenser is Thomas A. Edison's
required to reduce the wave length of my doctors." Sreatphi
i*mr.r .1
ri..«T»r.r, with
rtyliin-apayooi
__
ebon
of record", too, for only f 1. Pay the
oscillating system so as to conform to the Dr. A. B. llirsh traced the history of balance at rate of only a f rw cenU a day. Try thi» New Ediv*»
in your own borne brfore son decile to buy. Band do money
Governments 200 meter wave length regu- electro-therapeutics, and declared that an down. Bate-uun your friends with your favorite record*.
lation? What formula do you employ in astonishingly large number of diseases re- Write Today °"' ?'"
r°', k ™"\*Z?iJv2. '25
determininj this capacity? sponded to electric treatment. pJctur<-B of the N'W
E*li*oo phonoffrapba. No obliraUooa.
-, ». K. BABSON, I-Mvo* l*honoQTaph Dftributura
*7*4 Zanon B'orh.
A. 2. The required formula is Ch.cito, IIHftol.
X ;
3552 L C K transmitter?
Where A. 1. A tone circuit consists of nothing You are
G is the capacity of the series ground more than an oscillatory circuit shunted
condenser
length
for reducing the wave across the gap. This circuit is shown here
and it is only used in an impulse exciting
What d'ye Know?
X,= wave length desired (here it is 200 transmitter usually. The tone circuit i^
meters) represented by the oscillatory circuit L G.
C = Capacity of the antenna A large capacity and a small inductance is
L = Inductance of antenna used.
Having calculated the values of the capa- Q. 2. Is this circuit tunable? If so,
city of the antenna .0004 mfd.; inductance how?
62,090 cm., we then determine the desired A. 2. The tone circuit is tuned to some
capacity by substituting in the above for- multiple or sub-multiple of the impulse
mula and we get frequency. This is usually accomplished
(200) X .0004
:
by varying the tone circuit condenser capa-
d= ; city. It should be kept in mind, that a
3552 X 62090 X .0004— (200) 2 tone circuit does not improve the tone
Solving, we get .003 micro-farad, the emitted by the transmitter in every type
capacity of the condenser necessary to re- of gap, as it was found by actual experi-
duce the wave length of the antenna to 200 ment that at times it is even detrimental
meters. to the tone. They are usually employed
on low tension arc or spark transmitters
Today it's a battle of wits and braim —
ELECTRON DISCHARGE. such as the Yon Lepel or Chaffee Arc.
ivin. Muscle and brawn don't count so
(790.) Louis Bradenburg, Little Rock, much as they used to.
Ark., wants to know The great question now is "What do
Q. 1. Does the effect of light upon you know ?" It draws the line between
selenium crystal produce a purely electronic El failure and success.
What do you know? Have you special
discharge?
A. 1. This question is still in the hands
ability any one line? Could you
in
"make good" in a big job right now?
of some prominent physicists, and they have
not come to any conclusions on this mys-
terious problem, and for this reason we are
unable to give you an exact answer. We
i iWiT llf? <
> For 25 years the International Corre-
spondence Schools have been helping men
to get ready for better work and bigger
6~
L salaries.
No
They can do the same for YOU.
matter where you live, what hours
an article on selenium in this issue, written
by two of the most prominent" and able
@ O -73/ you work, or how little your education
scientists on this subject.
— the I. C. S. can train you for a more
Arrangement of Tone Circuit in the Von important and better-paying position.
Q. 2. I have had an idea for a number Lepel and Chaffee Arc Radio Transmitter. Mark and mail the attached coupon
of years to make an electronic detector for
converting high frequency currents to
it won't obligate you in the least —
direct or pulsating currents, or in other
MAGNETIC TELEPHONE. it won't cost you anything to find out
(792.) William Olsen, Jamaica, L. I., how you can get this salary-raising
words an instrument similar to the Fleming ability right in your own home, during
desires to know
Valve and de Forest Audion. Now what :
Cartooning
field is permitted to be interrupted by a
produced an electronic field when a beam Machine Shop Practice BOOKKEEPER
of light was focussed upon its surface and wire near its field, a current of electricity Gas Engine Operating EStmograpber sod TVplst
CIVIL I.M.1M K Cert. Pub. Accountant
is produced in that wire and the intensity
I
in addition a secondary plate was placed Surveying and Mapping i TRAFFIC MANAGER.
" the generated current is dependent upon MDB FORI M\ hk (HICK 12 Railway Accountant
within the focus of the electronic stream. J
Metallurgist or ProqurtOT H Commercial Law
The secondary and sodium-potassium plates
the rapidity with which the magnetic field STATloViUY BH61NEBR GOOD ENGLISH
is interrupted and the intensity of the field.
Marine Engineer C Teacher
were used for the rectifier circuit of the "ARCHITECT Common SVhool Subjects
It is identical with the magnetic telephone i
Contractor and Builder Mathematics
electronic tube. Architectural I (raftsman
C CIVIL SERVICE
The two most generally used of all the where the permanent magnet of the re- ! Concrete Builder rZ Railway Mail Clerk
ceiver furnishes the magnetic field, the coil Structural Engineer At TOMOHII.t. OFOU1IN
metals and alloys for the production of an PLUMBIRfl AMi Hr A TING Aato Repairing '_
I 'v -
IL_>!»»oUta
electronic field are chemically pure and of wire or electro-magnet represents the Sheet Metal Worker M Navigation
^™ CUII II Tl-D
I i.-fB«n
wire, while the interruption of the mag- _J Teitllfl Overwer or Sopt. AC.KIU I.TIRE
.
W^ Frrnc
highly polished rubidium metal and an alloy Hit MIST jPoaltrjR&Ulac |„ Italia*
composed equally of sodium and potassium netic field is obtained in this case by the
vibration of the magnetic diafram. When Name.
metals. .
Present
the diafram of the receiver is caused to Occupation
TONE CIRCUIT. vibrate by "talking," the magnetic flux is Street
an. No
(791.) Roy Jansen, Houston, Tex., varied generating a current in the coil
;
I
r G0LDSEAL ,
located near the Tesla coil this was about
3 feet away from the same, and it was
not connected to anything. As the Tesla
;
FOR STRENGTH / /
transformer was set in operation, I have
noticed streaks of sparks escaping the
winding of the isolated coil. If it is pos-
sible, I should like you to enlighten me
on phenomena.
Jf-SfT this
A. 1. The phenomena which you have
observed is due to the striking resonance
effect existing between the Tesla coil and
the primary coil since the resonance was;
FOR
pronounced, due to the effect noticed, the-
:•<?( IGNITION AND electrical energy transformation between
SERVICE REQUIRING the produced oscillations of the high fre-
HIGH AMPERAGE, quency coil and that of the isolated coil is
at maximum consequently, the discharge
;
of your correspondence. Surprisingly few letters suitable form, the legs of which should
require special dictation. The Dictaform enables correspond to the primary and of the sec-
you to build a letter-writting system to fit your ondary windings.
own business, and gives you stronger, more force- Q. 2. What is the relation existing
ful letters. SOME USERS between the primary winding and voltage
Carson Pirie & Scott Bryant & Stratton of a transformer?
Addressograph Co. Henry Bosch Co.
Wm. J. Wrigley, Jr. Link Belt Co. A. 2. The relation of the two factors is
Kunstadter Bros. Royal Tailors exprest by the following formula:
Commonwealth Edison Co.
10
s
X £p
Banish Dictating Bother A/p =
The Dictaform places at instant reference paragraphs, phrases and arguments sparkling with \2tt fBAc
your own individuality. You think out your strongest answers to a question, classifying the
argument under its proper heading, and put it into the Dictaform. Through continuous use of Where
these prearranged paragraphs and letters you will be able to get out, at a fraction of the former Np Number = of turns on primary wind-
cost, ten times the volume of correspondence possible if each letter was dictated separately. ing
A Score of Other Features Ep = Voltage across primary
It makes anideal tickler — DICTAFORM
on the back of the first thirty-one cards is our patent clip for the = Frequency.
f
holding of memos., etc. The
descriptions, ideas, campaign
also places before you your prices; sizes, weights,
schedules, proofs of cuts, cost estimates, time tables, lists,
B = Magnetic flux of core (per sq. cm.
addresses, phone numbers —
in fact everything to which you have occasion to refer. of cross-section of the iron core)
,4c = Area (express in square centime-
Buy the Size that Fits Your Business ters of the cross-section of the
With DICTAFORM sizes at $6.00 and $9.00 for small companies— at $12 for the average
concern— and larger sizes at higher prices for bigger offices —
every business is enabled to iron core)
select the size best adapted to its needs. Q. 3. What do you consider the best
insulation material for covering the core
MEILICKE CALCULATOR COMPANY when the winding is to be made?
420 Thompson Building CHICAGO. ILL.
A. 3. Empire cloth is very excellent for
this work and it is universally employed
for this purpose.
A GENUINE "RED DEVIL" GLASS CUTTER FOR 10c THE "BROWN" TELEPHONE
FOR THE ELECTRICAL EXPERIMENTER'S TOOL KIT RELAY.
}ed B*TJlL&24^ The il tool making and repairing glass
for
plates for wireless condensers. Also a handy household (79S.) '
Frank Vontair, Philadelphia,
is
plates. Price, $2.00. Publisht by L>. Van - Men and Women. Resident and Home
Study Courtti. |j.r K .: .: i
/'
Xostrand Co., New York City, 1916. I6.C
m
I I
of this all important subject whii h is at the pres- National School of Chiropractic
ent time "i interest '" readers of all cla ^ «T Dept !
fc-1 421 S. Ashland Blvd., CHICAGO
Unlike a great mi.ui> b tis nature >U-aling
with -such a specific and technical subject a
Brown reloy submarine torpedo boat, Mr. Hoar has given us
a well-written and lucid description of this mar
a 7ss Transf Aoord velous twentieth century war machine. The en-
gineer and layman will both prol g tbi
Connection of the "Brown" Amplifying Relay interesting chapters of this authoritative writer,
In the Circuit of a Radio Receptor. who is a junior member or the American Society of
Civil Engineers. The various chapters take up the
early history and development of the submarine
Q. 2. What is the binding post connec- torpedo boat, and contain some very interesting il-
tions of this relay? is it connected How lustrations and photographs of practically every
distinct type of submarine ever built. The suc-
to a wireless receiving set? ceeding chapters deal with the development of the
A. 2. The accompanying diagram gives present day submarine; its characteristics and re-
the connections. quirements; types of sul. marines; the design of
the submarine torpedo boat; the power plant;
Q. 3. Are these instruments used ex- means of defense against submarine attack; tacti
tensively in this country? cal evolutions of the submarine the torpedo; ;
A. 3. No, they are mostly used abroad, tenders and salvage ships; submarine mines, etc.
especially in England. Some of the most interesting sections of be I
upon the load voltage. There is a cer- 8x6 inches; 366 pages, 313 illustrations. Big Money in Electricity
tain drop or lost voltage in the tube, Price, $1.50 net. Publisht by David Mc- The electrical industries offer wonderful
usually IS to which is
25 volts, practi- Kay, Philadelphia, Pa. opportunities to boys with a liking for Elec-
cally independent of the load and the en- tricity. The salaries paid to trained men are
ergy thus represented appears as light and The American boy is always interested in a large, promotion comes rapidly and, best of
heat. So if a set was delivering current good book treating on electrical experiments of a
all, the work is fascinating.
practical and interesting nature. There have been
at a potential of 15 to 25 volts, its effi- a great many books written in the past few The discovery and development of new
ciency under these conditions would be, years, intended for the electrically inclined youths lines (such as wireless telegraphy and tele-
roughly speaking, about 50 per cent. But of the land, but we do not remember seeing a
more worthy volume in a long time than here phony), from time to time, promise attractive
this is rarely the case, and in most com- pit sent ed by Mr. Seaver. The volume is pro- and paying fields to those who wish to
mercial installations of constant potential fusely illustrated with clear-cut drawings, which specialize. The txAll to Jo and Special Train-
sets, the full-load efficiency is over 80 per can be readily understood by young boys of from
ing will bring success to you.
ten to fourteen years, and all of the important
cent and the efficiency of most constant fundamental magnetic and electrical laws with The International Correspondence Schools
current sets will be over 90 per cent at their accompanying actions and reactions have can help you to become an expert in electrical
full load. been cleverly and interestingly woven thru the work, no matter what branch you like best.
experiments outlined.
Q. 2. What is the life of a mercury Thousands of young men have already won
rectifier tube? Anumber of excellent half-tone illustrations are success through I. C. S. help. You can do
inserted, showing modern electrical appliances, so
A The average life is about 700
2.
that as the boy studies the different experiments as well as anybody, ifyou try. Everything is
hours, but many cases are known where and simply explained laws, he will also be given made so clear that you can learn in your
the tubes have run much longer. a clear understanding of the relation between spare time, regardless of where you live or
such experimental apparatus and the commercial
Q. 3. What is the power-factor of such instruments and appliances. Mr. Seaver is to be
what your work. No books to buy.
a rectifying system? congratulated upon the adapt ness with which he There's big money in Electricity. Get
A. 3. On a 50 light set the power-fac- has combined these two important fields of elec- after it by marking and mailing the Coupon
tor on the primary of the constant current trical endeavor, so that the young reader will
not become confused or discouraged by his in- today. Finding out coits you nothing.
transformer is about 65 per cent. On con- ability to understand the underlying theory of the
TEAR OUT HERE
stant potential systems it may reach as
n
1
apparatus described.
high as 90 per cent. INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOLS
The book describes how to build substantial ex-
perimental apparatus such as small dynamos and Box 5 3 4 8, SCRANTON, PA.
Explain, without obligating me, how I can qualify for
MEASUREMENT OF IRREGULAR motors; induction or spark coils; telephone and
telegraph apparatus; a complete wireless station the position, or in tne subject, before which I mark X.
AREA. of improved design; how to do simple house wir-
F
ELECTRICAL ENGINEER
Electrician
• III Ml* IL
SALESM \NSHIP
1 M.lM I R
ing in accordance with the standard rules; how ADVER nSING MAN
(797.) Paul Andel, New Orleans, La., to* wire ignition circuits on gasoline engines of
P Electric Wiring
L Electric Lighting '
Window rimmer "1
asks the single and multiple cylinder type; how to L Electric Car Running Show Card Writer
Outdoor Sign Painter
Q. 1. What are the principal methods build small transformers and the principles upon f_ Heavy Electric Traction
Electrical Draftsman '
RAILROAD! R
for determining the area of an irregular which they operate; how to build primary and Ehctrlc Blnrhlni- !>.->. k-...-r ;
ILLUSTRATOR
storage batteries; the action of lightning discharges Telegraph Xpert Dl SICN1 K
plane surface such as those obtained from and how to protect buildings from them, and also !_ Practical Telephony
I
) BOOKKH 1TR
indicator cards, etc.? a considerable number of electrical experiments L_ MM
IUM< tl l-M.IM- IE I Ktenoerapher and Trplit
|
GOOD I Nil Ml
plane surfaces and the simplest of the three Surveying and Mapping I ..mm tin Sttim.l BnbJ-wta
MNI TORI *** "» KN«*R CIVIL Sr RVICE
is by employing a "planimeter" instrument, Mi'tnllnrcUt ur Prow BtOf Railway Matl Clerk
EXAMPLl S IN \i rERNATING -CURRENTS. ]
STATION! R1 M.lM B
;
mci "
a device which automatically figures out >>•
1 I I, (tilt ft 1*1.
ditions and revisions, and will be found extremely ceeds to give many illuminating details that the
valuable to ail students of this subject. Some ot average physics student will find both new and
interesting.
the more practical examples given in alternating-
current calculations involve frequency, power fac- Every conceivable form of tuning fork and siren
tor, harmonics, induced A.C. pressures, and
tne for producing sounds of any pitch or frequency
various specific values of A.C. potential, such as is profusely illustrated and described. Among
the subjects discust in a popular scientific manner,
the instantaneous and effective values, etc., etc.
Many practical problems are explained by means so that it may be enjoyed by the lay reader as
of examples, and in accordance with the best well as the student of pure physics, are the action
modern methods, covering such topics as the ad- of organ pipes uncluding illustration of an organ
dition of sine pressures; the product of sine pipe over 32 feet in length and giving sixteen
curves having the same frequency but different vibrations per second,), and such further prac-
phase displacements; the calculation and measure- tical considerations as standard tuning forks; the
ment of inductance coils, including the simple law of tone quality; the manometric capsule and
measurements of this important factor by means revolving mirror, and also the use of the phono-
of a volt meter, ammeter and frequency meter, graph and Professor Miller's own invention, the
and including the new inductance formula due to "Phonodeik," by which apparatus it has become
Brooks and Turner. Further sections of the work possible to intercept a sound wave such as_ a
treat on the inductance of transmission lines and person's voice, and to project these, magnified
various, current and voltage relations, etc.. when many hundred times, upon a screen so that the
two or more impedances are connected in series voice fluctuations can be studied by a large body
or in parallel. Also the method of computing of students. The phonodeik is so remarkably sen-
capacity of condensers, and the current taken by sitive to sound waves, that it will respond to a
them when connected to A.C. circuits. The work frequency of ten thousand complete vibrations per
concludes with a number of valuable tables con- second.
taining the products of 2 x pi x frequency, and The subject of harmonics has received special
modifications of this expression, which are used so attention, and considerable discussion is given on
frequently in alternating-current computations. the different types of harmonic analyzers, includ-
ing the remarkable machine as used by the U.S.
government for predicting the rise and fall of
tides. Among other interesting subjects covered
How To Make Low Pressure Transform- in this book, we find oscillogram curves of the
ers. Third Edition, by Prof. F. E. Aus- voices of such famous singers as Signor Caruso
B.S., E.E. Board covers; size and Amato. Also such an interesting subject as
tin,
Time Wasted the influence of horns on sound, and the import-
It Saves the 7 ,x4 ^ inches; 22 pages. 16 illustrations.
?
Telephone Calls Another addition of Prof. Austin's treatise on oscillogram curves. One of the most interesting
the design and construction of small, low-pressure chapters is that treating on synthetic vowels and
not possible to measure the en-
is transformers which has found considerable favor. words, and the relation of the art and science of
ITtire
cost of interior telephones by The work takes up numerous practical operations music which is illustrated by many remarkable
the cost of the service alone. Rather, to be followed in constructing step-down trans- cuts of apparatus which have been developt for
your telephone expense must also be formers for ringing bells, and for other opera- emitting vowel sounds.
measured in terms of the per minute tions, and also a design for a transformer giving A remarkable illustration is that showing the
time cost of employees using the system. as high as 174 volts when run on a 110 volt A.C. large group of organ pipes necessary, which -.vhen
In other words, your interior tele- circuit. Data is given for these transformers for sounded simultaneously reproduce the vowel a, as
phone system is a business economy only use also on 220 volts. 60 cycle A.C. circuit. The in "mat," and stilt another illustration shows the
when it directly bridges the gap be- text matter is written in a clear manner which vast number of organ pipes required to reproduce
tween the two vitally interested parties can be followed by any amateur and the illustra- the principal vowels synthetically.
to the call, and it becomes exactly the tions are made in perspective so as to show ex-
reverse when it is engaged in man-
hunting bv the dragnet process com- — plicitly just how the various iron core strips
assembled and clamped together, and also how
are
the
QUESTION BOX
pelling employees in perhaps every
coil windings may be wound in sections to sim-
department to use up the precious plify the construction. (Continued from page 139)
minutes you are paying for, all for the
purpose of responding to a useless tele- boundary of the plane surface, and deter-
phone call.
mining the area of one of these squares,
The money saving answer to this
problem is "Don't use the telephone at Applied Electricity For Practical Men. then multiplying the area of each by the
all to hunt men." Allow it to be used By Prof. Arthur J. Rowland. Cloth total number of them within the surface.
only after the man has been found by
the aid of the National Calling System,
covers; size 5x7!^ inches, 375 pages. 323 This will give an approximate area, since
which summons him instantly, no matter illustrations. Price, $2.00. Publisht by it is impossible to erect squares close
where he may be about your establish- the McGraw-Hill Book Co., New \ ork enough to the irregular curves of the
ment or grounds. The man called then plane surface.
goes to the nearest telephone and talks City.
directly with the man who sought him. This book has been prepared by an author of
The third and most accurate method is
No one's time is wasted, no one's work wide experience in teaching practically and theo- by the use of higher mathematics where :
IMR.SMITH
Musical Sounds. By
CODE NUMBER 32 The Science
Davton
or
Miller.
ClarenceD.Sc.
Prof.
I Cloth covers: size S-ux6 inches,
Price. SZ.sO.
pages 187 illustrations.
^ONE PuMisht by the MacMillan Co., New
tanily finds
York City. 1916.
p-THREE Mr Smith in
a remote part science
ofthe establish- This work bv Prof. Miller treating on the
i^PAUSE ment. He re- of musical sounds is one of the most
pretentious
p rta I s
Kfe im-
•u-ience works that we have ever
reviewed. A
[JONE mediately over
the nearest vast array of sound producing and
analyzing appa-
structure
frwo telephone. ratus of hoth simnle and complicated
are described and illustrated. The
text matter is
understood
exceedingly clear, and can be readily How a Reversing Key Is Connected in a
bv any student of music or physics. The
author
Wheatstone Bridge.
starts off with the definition of sound, and pro-
uriting to advertisers.
You benefit by mentioning "The Electrical Experimenter" when
: ! — —
. —
Q. 1. How
arc the connections made of
a Post of V\ h< atstone bridi
Offii e
ti i"' i
ALUMINUM QUERIES.
(799.) Joseph Hassel, Boston, Mass.,
asks
Q. 1. What are the ores used in the
production of commercial aluminum?
A. 1. Aluminum oxro is the main source
out of which aluminum is extracted. Baux-
ite, a hydrated oxid of aluminum, is ex-
tensively Used
Q. 2. How is the metallic aluminum ob-
tained?
A. 2. The only process used at present
for the extraction of aluminum is an elec-
trolytic one. The electrolyte consists of a
solution of aluminum oxid in melted cryo-
lite. The cryolite is not decomposed, but
SEND NO MONEY
selves as B solvent only. The mineral
Bauxite is used to furnish the oxid. The
cryolite is fused and kept liquid by the
heat generated during the passage of the
current; the dissolved aluminum oxid is
separated into aluminum and oxygen by
USE THESE ELECTRICAL BOOKS SEVEN DAYS
the current. The aluminum collects as a AT OUR EXPENSE
molten mass in the bottom of the melting By merely filling in and mailing the coupon below you can get this complete set of the
pot the oxygen is liberated at the anodes,
;
Cyclopedia of Applied Electricity on trial. Use these books for seven full days before
which are oxydized by it. The weight of you make up your mind whether or not you want them. If you keep them, you may
the anodes consumed about equals the pay the special advertising price in easy installments of i?2.<)(> a mouth. If you don't
weight of the aluminum liberated. want them, you may send them back at our expense and you won't be out a penny.
Remember, we pay the shipping charges both ways.
TELEVISION. A MASSIVE ELECTRICAL LIBRARY— NOT HANDBOOKS
C800.) Thomas Jelinder, Hartford, These seven splendid volumes contain all the knowledge you need in order to earn big
Conn., asks: money They are not thin handbooks, but thick, encyclopedia-
in the electrical field.
Q. 1. Was television ever brought to a size volumes, handsomely bound in half red morocco leather, gold stamped. Each
practical stage? one measures 7 by 10 inches, and is 2 inches thick.
A. 1. No.
This big size permits the use of large and comprehensive illustrations, plates, dia-
Q. 2. What method did Mr. Ernest
grams, etc. Over 3,000 cuts are contained in the Cyclopedia's 3,500 pages,
Ruhmer of Berlin use for his television
apparatus? The completeness of the Cyclopedia will he a revelation to Read These Subjects
A. 2. He employed a large number of you. Everything electrical is explained in plain, simple Elements of Eleclricttv
selenium cells placed before a similar num- —
English every technical point is made clear. Each volume Electrical Measurements
— UnderuTiii rs' Require
ber of lenses. Each of these cells corre- is carefully cross-indexed for instant reference. ments —Theory. Calcula-
tion. Design and Con -
sponded "single eye," similar to the For this sum —
50c a Week an insignificant
to a slructinn
and Heating
ber of diaframs. These diaframs were set
int; Wire
in operation in unison with their proper
selenium cells at the transmitting station.
Consulting Service Free and Wireless Telegraphy.
XA a,
: electricity, dynamos, motors, motor-gener-
1 ators, alternating currents, interior commu-
^^
9
'
' * 1
APPARATUS
Amateur and Commercial Use
nication, lighting, batteries, etc.
the radio class are trained in
of a radio operator and are given constant
practice in the use of all
Members of
all
the apparatus
the duties
em-
ployed in radio and especially in receiving
and sending by the systems employed in
This Mignon invention is entering a new-
latest the Navy.
field in Radio Engineering, eliminating the so Enlistments in the Navy are for a period
A man will
familiar LOOSE COUPLERS and LOAD-
of four years. not be ad-
vanced to chief electrician (with rank of
ING COILS, and introduces adjustable DISC 'chief petty officer) during his first enlist-
ment, but he may be recommended for that
CORES, heretofore considered impossible. position towards the completion of his first
as this instrument was shown in this ma J. E. Krone, 3 TY, N'ewport New- $24.00. volts, each $9.00: listD. C., HO
price, $15.00. I—
2 H.P.. D. C. 110 volts, each $37.00:
zine some time ago, under the list of pat
A. X. Johnson, 3 TY, Newport News list price. $46.50. I6H.P., 0. C. 110 volts, eachI— i
\VI ST VIRGINIA
a great number of inquiries concerning it, Electro Importing Co-
Xo
ur believe that you will all he interested Law. call, Clarksburg
V
L00
J. 1 .
Peabody High School. 8 YZ, Pittsburgh ing or evaporation while in use. Its inter-
\\ & S, S! p, RS, Vandergrift nal resistance is low, and it does not polar-
INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOLS
Anderson, 3 QD, Reading
F. J. ize in use so quickly as wet batteries of the
Box 5349, SCRANTON, PA.
F. Brian, Smithport
II. enclose $ for which send me postpaid the
"Leclanche" type, it is claimed. I
Handbooks marked X, at 50c. each. I may return any or all
C. II. Stewart, 3 ZS, St. David's The addition of water only is needed Eor and get my money back within ten days irom receipt:
hi bo<.. 3 CT, Philadelphia Engin
I
charging, and its active life is equal to any Electrical aA.K eraser*!
Bit-in. *> \1 iii's
Karl llassel, Oper., 8 YI, Pittsburgh '_
relapb.and I -J.tr- Luclu
E. high-grade cell of similar size. If the cell is Bookki
Met tunic's
R, C. Clement, 8 VJT, Washington required for instant use, it is recommended st, .mi 1 ngincer in. I t urr.-i|>ouilrtil'a
Wi-ttiiiKhou&e -' Salesman*!
St. Joseph's College, 3 Xj, Philadelphia thai the cell be filled with warm water; dis- il Ei ec s u ladow Trimmer**
Miners Cotton Textile Worker's
RHODE ISLAND tilled water being used, if possible, ;h this i_
D i .i
Concrete Engineer*!
^_
Farmer*
T tends tn prolong the life of the cell bj Ituiiding (i.l. - I
tPoultn niin'j
C. E. Davis, Xo call. Edgew 1 El'linnli. > .mil hi, i 1 i -.
Msrlner*!
son of the absence of iron or lime impur- Chemist's _ Automobile
M. V. Pollys, lr., 1 EMG, Bristol i
A Motor and a Re tor for $5.25 time of manufacture: so that all that i-
necessary to make the cell ready for use
is to remove the cork, fill the cell with
gas generator intended for a substitute for design which prevents the variation in the flexible cord.
automobiles will un- lighting load fromaffecting the amount of The key and buzzer are mounted on a
..line
.i in driving
doubtedly find interesting a U. S. patent on current going into the battery. Lights may highly finished wood base, and three nickel
plated binding posts are so connected that
a similar cell, hearing the number 1,219,906
be used at any time either direct from the the set may be used for live different pur-
generator, if the engine is running, or di- puses, as illustrated on page 24.
which is discust in the "Latest Patents"
department on page 128 of this issue. rect from the battery, if the engine is not For the beginner, the set is of exceptional
running. value, for it may be used for individual code
practice or for operation of a two party line,
The manufacturer also claims that by which is an excellent method of quickly
using this self-regulating winding for start- learning the code. After the beginner has
DECISION IN THE "HETERO- mastered the code, the set may be used in
his wireless outfit for setting the detector
DYNE" RADIO RECEIVER in adjustment, and also the key may be used
CASE. to control the spark coil.
Recommended for schools, as it gives ex-
On April 2 Judge Mayer, of the United cellent
work.
service for class instruction in code
Full directions with each set.
States Court for the Southern
District
The main object of the set to enable the
District York, handed down an
of New beginner to master the wireless code, and
is
opinion in the suit of Samuel M. Kintner the buzzer reproduces the sound of the sig-
and Halsey M. Barrett, receivers of the nals of the most modern wireless stations
perfectly.
.National Electric Signaling Company,
Every beginner needs one of these sets,
plaintiffs, the Atlantic Communication
vs. and as it is the equivalent of live different
Company, August Merckens, P. C. Schnitz- sets, the price is very low.
ler and K. G. Frank, defendants, in which List No. Price.
he found for the plaintiffs. This suit was 342. Wireless Practice Set, with Battery
and Cord $2.25
based upon a charge of infringement of 344. Wireless Practice Set only, no bat-
United States letters patent 1,050,728 and tery or Cord 2.00
1,050,441, being respectively for the method
and apparatus employed in a receiving sta- Send for OurNew Edition of our
tion of a radio telegraph system. These
patents, issued January 14, 1913, cover the Catalog W28 Ready June 15
invention known to the art generally as
It pocket size, contains 248 pages, with over 1.000
Is
the "heterodyne" or heats method of re- Illustrations and describes In plain, clear language
ceiving radio telegraph signals. all about Bells, Push Buttons. Batteries. Telephone
and Telegraph Material. Electric Toys, Burglar and
The court found that Reginald A. Fes- Fire Alarm Contrivances, Electric Call Bells, Electric
Alarm Clocks. Medical Batteries. Motor Boat Horns.
senden, the inventor of this system, had Electrically Heated Apparatus. Battery Connectors.
produced an invention of great merit and Switches. Battery Gauges. Wireless Telegraph In-
struments, Ignition Supplies, etc.
entitled to a hroad interpretation. He
found that the prior art cited by the de- IT MEANS MONEY SAVED TO YOU
fendant as anticipating the Fessenden in- to have our Catalog when you want to buy.
vention had failed to teach the art anything
in respect to the use of beats and, at most, A New Compact Electric Generating
Plant Having the Switch-board Mount-
Manhattan Electrical
merely disclosed a local source for oper-
ating some particular form of receiver.
ed Rigidly on the Dynamo Frame. Supply Co., Inc.
He decided against the defendants' conten- New York: Chicago: ST. LOUIS:
17 Park Place 114 S. 5th Ave. 1106 Pine St.
tion that the invention should he given a
narrow construction, in view of an earlier San Francisco Office: 604 Mission St
ing duty, engines, regardless of their type,
patent of Fessenden. can be started without abnormal strain on
The defendants' sole effort was directed the battery plates. This condition applies
towards securing a narrow construction of specifically to engines of 8 h.p. or less. Learn Watchwork, Jewelrywork and
the patents. They contended that the Fes- Twice the starting torque with one-half the ^ ne tra(*e commanding a Rood sal-
senden patents were not entitled to a hroad FnPTAvino
1-illgl
**
avillg. arv anr vour sen-ices are always in
current is said to be produced by means of _ j
Navy
After consultation with Secretary of the
Daniels, Frank J. Spraym-, Chairman
VIOLET- RAYS!
of the Xaval Consulting Boanl Committee NEW LIFE, POWER, HEALTH and BEAUTY in
on Electricity and Ship Construction, has the marvelous delightful VIOLET-RAYS. Newest
come out strongly against the critics of and most powerful form of electricity, causing neither
electrical drive for the new battle cruisers. muscular contraction nor pain of any kind.
In a Senator Swanson, Chair-
letter to
man of the Committee on Naval
Senate THE VIOLETTA
Affairs, Mr. Sprague says he has been re- • vl**. High frequency instrument is endorsed by thousands of Physi-
luctant hitherto to join in public discus- cians who use it dailv.
sion of the decision of the Navy Depart- Produces SOOTHING, I.W TGORATLNG, CURA-
TIVE VIOLET-RAYS. Wonderfully quick results
ment to adopt electric drive. obtained in treating SCALP, FACE and BODY.
"I feel that perhaps I am now justified Health bringing OZONE forced into the blood, pro-
ducing an abundance of VITALITY.
in so doing," view of the
he adds, "in
fact that such discussion, which I assumed
Sent on Free Trial
Simple in construction and operation. The VIOLETTA
was begun from patriotic motives, seems is especially adapted for personal use in the home.
to be taking on the nature of an active Will operate on alternating or direct current or battery.
commercial propaganda, incidentally sup- ABSOLUTELY SAFE
ported by a number of gentlemen, most
GUARANTEED.
and
of whom, however representative and en- Write for New Free Book
Send for our new beautifully illustrated book on VIOLETTA.
dowed with experience along the lines of Tells all about the marvels of Violet-Rays. Read what scien-
their individual professions, are utterly un- tists and doctors have to say. Post card brings book and all
trained in naval affairs, and hence are not particulars of special low price and free trial offer.
possest of sufficient knowledge of this D
particular subject to indulge in the ava- £! t 7 BLEADON-DUNN CO.
NORTH FIFTH AVENUE, CHICAGO
208
Dept.
1A
lanche of criticisms which have been lev-
eled at the department."
Referring to what he describes as "the
successful installation of the electric drive
on a comparatively small scale on the col-
lier Jupiter and the adoption of similar
power for three battleships," Mr. Sprague
UNIVERSAL
OPERATING ON
ELECTRIC
OR TO
MOTORS A. C. D. C. -110 130 VOLTS
reminds Chairman Swanson that "the TO
Navy Department, reinforced in their opin-
1/40 1/8 H. P. CATALOGUE FREE
ion by what had been done in electrical de-
velopment in c,reat power plants, decided
THIS
1/20 H. P.
MOTOR
M.
j$|3 .00
upon electric drive also for the battle
6000 R. P. \Jf Complete with
Pulley
which Being Used Successfully for Grinding, Polishing, Driv- Emery Wheel
cruisers, each of to be equipt with
is
ing Small Machinery. Sewing Machines. Fans, Wireless Spark Buffing Wheel
engines of the large total of 180,000 horse- Gaps, Electric Fountains. Check Endorsers, Humidors, Valve Chucks
Grinders, Electric Hair Clippers and numerous other appliances. Cord and Plug
power.
"The wisdom
of this decision," Mr. A MOTOR OF UNIVERSAL APPLICATION
Sprague continues, "was challenged by Base Pulley and Chucks Easily Detached
Charles Curtis of the International Curtis
Marine Turbine Company, which company
If Your Dealer Cannot
Supply You, Order
RACINE ELECTRIC SALES CO.
From Us Direct 304 South Dearborn Street CHICAGO. ILL.
would,if geared turbines were adopted in-
stead of the electric drive, be a beneficiary
by a large amount of royalties. It is, of
course, difficult for one engaged in a com- MAGNETIC
mercial enterprise which may be seriously
affected to be, even if unconsciously so un-
RECTIFIER
Patented
F-F BATTERY BOOSTER
affected in his judgment by personal inter- April 1916 Keep your storage battery fully charged if
ests, but I prefer to believe that Mr. Curtis you'd get the most out of it in service and
length of life.
was actuated by a desire that our cruisers Plug into any convenient 110 volt 60 cycle
should be the best afloat, even if I disagree alternating current lamp socket and connect the
somewhat with his methods and conclusions. charging leads to the battery terminals.
The rectifier utilizes the Full Wave of cur-
"Failing to get a reconsideration of the rent, has Carbon Electrodes and makes Re-
charging a Profitable Business where batteries
Navy Department's decision, a number of ^HP ^ are taken in to charge.
prominent engineers have been requested to
write, and several have written, letters based
3W $ 1 5 Complete F, O. B. Cleveland
rjT) Get Bulletin Xo. 12.
on certain adverse information supplied
them, some condemning without reserve the W > THE FRANCE MANUFACTURING CO., Cleveland, Ohio
decision of the department and others urg- ^^ — ^^3 States ami Canada
ing that the matter be referred to the Naval
Consulting Board or some other board of
civilian engineers.
"Among
who have
those other than Mr. Curtis,
been quoted as authorities are
Super-Sensitive Microphone Only
This instrument is offered at an extremely low price. It is ex-
$6
Dr. S. S. Wheeler, President of the (.'rock- cellent for building your own radio amplifier. Can also be used
in many experiments where a sensitive microphone is required.
er-Wheeler Company, manufacturers of
electrical machinery, who has been vol- DETECTAGRAPH, $12
uminous in his cTiticisms: Dr. Francis This detecting instrument of marvelous sen-
sitivity can be used for detecting secret
Crocker, an associate of Dr. Wheeler; conversations. Outfit consists of Sensitive
George Gibbs, Consulting Engineer "f the Transmitter. 25-ft. Black Cord. Receiver.
Pennsylvania Railroad: Dr. Michael Pup- Headband, Case and Battery.
in, a distinguished scientist and inventor of Send for One Today and Convince Yourself
a system for increasing the efficiency of
MICROPHO- DETECTOR
the long-distance telephone; [sham Ran-
dolph, a well-known civil and railroad en-
gineer; Prof. William H. Burr, a widely-
COMPANY
GASTON BOISSONNAULT President
known consulting engineer; President 26 CORTLANDT ST., NEW YORK Makers of Super-Sensitive Microphone Apparatus
Falk of the Allis-Chalmers Company,
You benefit by mentioning "The Electrical Experimenter** when writing to advertisers.
!
FREE
while they last
manufacturers of electrical machinery;
Luther Lovekin, Chief Engineer of the
"It is inconceivable," says Mr. Sprague,
"that with all the known facts in hand the
New York Shipbuilding Company, and Cal- Navy department would or could surrender
vin Tomkins, former Dock Commissioner to outside advisers, directly or even infer-
of New York." entially, the selection between two known
Observing that this list "contains many and accepted methods of drive, with their
names not only of men of prominence but varying influence upon the distribution of
of men standing high in their professions," weights, 'ocation of turrets and armor, size
-Mr. Sprague says: "But the question may and disposition of compartments and the
properly be asked to what extent are these results of flooding, the distribution of fuel,
gentlemen qualified to criticise, what is the the distances of machinery from the skin
training and experience which would war- of the ship, provision against torpedo
rant them to sit as judges in so vital a damage, the necessities of handling ships in
matter, and what is it they really seek to emergencies and the results of failure of
accomplish. any parts."
"The
discussion." Mr. Sprague contin- Mr. Sprague declares that generators and
ues, "seems first to seek to condemn the motors of the size indicated can be built,
adoption of electricity on the score of in- and that if necessary they can even be con-
creased weight and cost, or impossibility trolled by a push button from the bridge.
of construction, or safety in operation, and "1 am." he says, "generally credited with
second, a reference of the whole matter to being the pioneer of the modern electric
the Naval Consulting or some other board. railway and am certainly the creator of that
system of train control, now used the world
over, which makes it possible to aggregate
A PRESENT-DAY ELECTRIC any amount of power required under a
single control."
GIANT. One reason why Mr. Sprague was select-
While we may not have the human giants ed for the Naval Consulting Board was that
of old with us, their places are admirably he had served as President of four techni-
cal societies —
the American Institute of
Electrical Engineers, the American Institute
of Consulting Engineers, the New York
Electrical Societv and the Inventors' Guild.
5—
I
big
Self-lock *^
features
ing. adjustable dies
J. J.
American Telephone and Telegraph Com-
pany, New York City, and recognized as
one of the foremost authorities in the
Self-centering guides; 3 Xo — reset- world on wire communication, has been
ting of dies to size; 4 Xo — loose commissioned senior major of the Signal
bushings: 5 — Xo small parts. Every Officers' Reserve Corps, the reserve auxil-
TOOLS
tools attractively priced in our
garage and home
— many high class
Odds and
at 262 and 131 amperes.
trol self-contained.
It is designed for
operation outdoors with full-automatic con-
Edited by H. GERNSBACK.
In Department we publish such matter as is of interest to inventors and
this
particularly to those who are in doubt as to certain Patent Phases. Regular inquiries
i FREE
addrest to "Patent Advice" cannot be answered by mail free of charge. Such inquiries BOOK- BULLETINS & ADVICE
are publisht here for the benefit of all readers. If the idea is thought to be of im- REGISTERED, ATTORNEYS
portance, we make it a rule not to divulge details, in order to protect the inventor as
far as it is possible to do so. LANCASTER^lALlWl
Should advice be desired by mail a nominal charge of $1.00 is made for each
question. Sketches and descriptions must be clear and explicit. Only one side of 2SS OURAY BLD'G, WASHINGTON, D. C.
sheet should be written on.
Don't Lose Your Rights
BELL SOFTENER. the device are very ingenious indeed and We publish form' called "Evidence of Con-
ception'* by which you can establish your rights
hold out a possibility of a good invention.
(152) E. T. Jones. New Orleans, La., before sending the invention to anyone. It is your
We, however, would advise our corre- best protection. We
issue up-to-date bulletins of
writes as follows improvements wanted; aid inventors to promote
spondent to simplify the idea, as at pn
"I, a subscriber t" your wonderful maga- their rights; render reliable opinions free of charge
it seems too complicated, having too mam- and secure valuable patents and trade-marks on
zine, would greatly appreciate your opin-
ion iin the following 'phone-attachment,
parts. We
would also advise our corre- reasonable terms. Personal service assured by our
Service Guarantee Contract. References:
spondent to submit the idea to a patent at-
printing same in your Patent Advice de- 2nd National Bank, Washington, The John P
torney with a view to obtaining copies of Roth Packing Co., Cincinnati.
partment in one of the following issues
this year, as soon as possible prior patents on this particular class of SIMPLY MAIL COUPON
work. LANCASTER ft ALLWINE, 255 Our»y Bld|f..H.iblnpto», D.C.
"Alter reading over your article on pat- Send me free book "Inventions Patenting and —
ents wanted. I devised a scheme by which Promoting." Bulletins of Improvements Wanted
any tone desired can be had instead of INTERRUPTER. and blank form "Evidence of Conception."
using bells. have drilled and tapt the
1 (155) Geo. Shaw, Talmage, Neb., has Name .
armature knob of the ringer and screwed conceived an idea for the improvement of Address .
thereon a certain device; on a protruding interrupters for small wireless sets and
stand, have a mandolin string, which is
I other outfits requiring the use of a small
adjustable (any note can be had): when transformer or spark coil. The idea is to
the 'phone (rinu;s) the device passes over use a certain form of interrupter in an
the string and I have attained a dull, air-tight chamber, under sufficient air pres-
soft-pitcht tone which is audible three sure to prevent the burning of the con-
rooms away. tacts. He thinks that a small hand air
"I would appreciate your opinion on the pump could be secured to the chamber to
above arrangement, and 1 highly recom- pump up sufficient pressure. Is the idea a
mend more suggestions on your part in a good one and is it patentable, and would
Morgan Elliott & CO.
magazine which 1 and a million or so there be a demand for it? PAT ENT attorneys
others cannot do without, as it is the only Ans. A scheme of this sort is decidedlv MECHANICAL. ELECTRICAL & CHEMICAL EXPEN
live one out to-day. I read it from cover
not satisfactory because it has been shown 716-724 WOODWARD BUILDING
to the last page and find old copies inter- that comprest air will retard an ordinary WASHINGTON, D. C.
esting even after they have been fully vibrator spring or, for that matter, any
read." moving part which is supposed to operate
Ans. The idea, while a very good one, under high speed. If instead of using
does not seem very practical for the rea- comprest air you use a vacuum, enorm-
son that the device would take up toe ously better results are obtained, as, for
much room. If an arrangement were ob- instance, in the Moore J'acuum Interrupt-
tained whereby the long string could be er. we have no faith in com-
Personally,
done away with, we think a more practical
arrangement would he had. but we believe
a patent can be obtained on the idea.
prest air interrupters, as we have never
seen one work satisfactorily. PATENTS
Send Sketch or Model of Your Invention for
Inventions Wanted!
form 110 volts 2 amperes into a current Fixe seconds past
ten —
twenty —the —
of 110 \olts 31 am feres! group grew watching the chief, Mr.
silent,
mufacturers constantly writing us Ans. No matter what a scheme of this Robertson, as he squared himself in front
for patents. List of inventions actually
requested and book "How to Obtain a Pat- kind may consist of, it is absolutely im- of the main control panel. Twenty-five
ent" Bent free. Send rough sketch for free
report refrarding patentability. Special assist-
ance given our clients in selling patents.
possible. You cannot obtain energy for —
seconds past thirty forty. —
Write for details of interest to every inventor.
nothing and you might just as well try to At ten seconds before twelve Mr. Rob-
yourself by your own boot straps. ertson reached for the push-button in the
Chandlee &
Chandlee, Patent Attorneys
lift
simply cannot be done.
It
center of the panel marked, "Main Switch."
Est. 21 Years 950 F St, Washington, D. C.
His hand rested on the metal disc for a
PATE NTS PATENT ATTORNEYS. moment and then as the watch field in his
Edmund von left hand marked five seconds before
(158) Szuppiny, Pater-
twelve, he prest the button.
son, N.J., writes as follows
There was a purr of mechanism behind the
THAT PROTECT AND PAY "Wishing to find out thru whose services
marble panel as the big main switch fell into
Edison, Maxim, or Lewis obtained their
Books and Advice Free patents, I sent for the literature of a
place. The generators dipt a note or two in
Ifwantyou through myto sell your patent, take it out theirhum, and then rallied as more water
orflce.HIGHEST REFERENCES. BEST RESULTS. good many patent attorneys.
came thru on their turbines. The group
WATSON E. COLEMAN, Patent Lawyer "Many of them list a considerable num-
watched the voltmeteron the panel
624 F. Street, N. W. Washington. D. C. ber of names and addresses of their clients
anxiously, and as the seconds past and
who, however, are almost all unknown to
it did not waver, Air. Robertson heaved a
the world at large, and no matter how I
MONEY
^ We
IN PATENTS
secure your patent or return our fee. ^~~
tried, I failed to find the names of Tes-
great sigh of relief and satisfaction.
"It works! It works!" he shouted, in
la, Hammond, etc., in any one of their
Send sketch or model for free search of Patent
lists.
sudden released exuberance. "They've got
Office Records and report on patentability.
their power and we've got our franchise."
"This makes the impression upon me that
J Manufacturers are writing for patents secured through u Awhite-linened, diamond-pinned director
(Write for free book, "How to Secure Your Patent," and I i
inventors of this magnitude do not care
k
of patents wanted. We assist in selling your patent to intrust their inventions to the adver-
reached for the chief's hand.
P. R &
PATT1SON CO, U. S. Patent Attorney.
tising patent attorneys.
"Don't congratulate me," Mr. Robertson
42? Barrister BIdg, Washington. D_C
"Will you kindly inform me what means hastened to forestall him. "We're saved
—
or what agencies this say Edison or Tes- because some one thought of a very simple
la —
uses when wishing to patent one of expedient. Here, I'll show you."
He stept to a panel at his right, followed
their inventions."
The answer is a simple one in-
Ans. by the interested group. He paused before
deed. We
have good reasons to believe a rheostat, glittering in bright metal. From
Manufacturers
'
are Writing for patents pro- its connections two wires led down to a
that several of the greatest inventors of
cured through me. FREE: 72- coil of wire on the floor.
pagt* guide book, "Successful Patents"; "Stepping Stones" this country patronize the advertising pat-
(containing hundreds of inventions wanted) and "Patent ;
ent attorneys, but they usually restrict at- "This coil," he said, indicating it, "is a
Promotion" (tells how to sell your rights; chief causes of resistance coil. It is connected in series
failure, etc.). "Patent Buyers" publishes over 400 letters torneys from using their name for obvi-
from those who desire to buy Often Patents. Send for
ous reasons, as it is naturally to their in- with the field windings of the exciter. In
them. Free manufacturing facilities. Advice free.
RICHARD B. OWEN, 164 Owen Bldg., Washington, D. C terest not to disclose who does their work this way the voltage of the exciter has been
for them. Personally, we think you will lowered, thereby reducing the strength of
get cheaper and better service from ad- the alternator's field, which in turn lowers
Upon electricalap-
vertising patent attorneys than from those the voltage of the machine itself. As a
pliances are in de-
PATENT SPECIALTY COMPANY Ohio, has submitted to us a simple design "He told me about this trick and asked
462 Sanchez Street San Francisco, Cal. of a toy electric hammer and wants to me to tell you. So just give him the thanks
know if such an article is on the market and the reward," Pete went on, eyeing in
already and if it is worth while patenting. triumph the astonished faces of the group
SMALL ENGINES Ans. This indeed is a very excellent
idea and one of the best schemes for a
about him.
"It wasn't much. Any electrical man
Perfected Gasoline Engines
h.p-— for Farm and Shop
— H. 1 an d
use. Price cheap electric toy that we have seen late- could have thought of it," Joe said mod-
1,'i
$19.50 and up. Also ly. While there is 11.. tiling particularly new estly, blushing happily in sudden confusion.
WASHING MACHINES in the principle, we are certain that a "And anyhow I couldn't have done it, if
We Send
patent may be obtained on the construc-
ship on trial. for Booklet and Special Offer
Pete hadn't showed me things so well the
Sieverkropp Engine Co., 1401 19th Street
tion of same. day I was here looking around."
.Wis. Starter for Ford Cars htr correspondent also submits to us a
(
"Yes, that was the day he was in the
sketch of an electrolytic interrupter on
way," Pete said, with a significant glance
scientific stunts galore which he desires our advice. toward Mr. Robertson.
\ are fully Illustrated in Edelman's 256-page book Ans. Nothing new is shown in this de-
"EXPERIMENTS." $1.50 and 2 lbs. postage. sign, and similar interrupters are in use But the chief had recovered from his
I Qts : Research, Invention, Private Labora- surprise and had stept forward to the blind
tory, etc < 'frcular Free. all over the world and a patent can cer-
P. E. EDELMAN, Pub.. 1802 Hague Ave., St. Paul, Minn. tainly not be obtained on this device. (Continued on page 152)
You benefit by mentioning "The Electrical Experimenter" -when writing to advertisers.
June, 1917 THE ELECTRICAL EXPERIMENTER 151
8c in
Stamps
Brings
You
You DUCKS
then have everything in wireless and electrical supplies worth while at
300 PAGE ELECTRICAL
and WIRELESS CATALOG
-
WIRELESS RECRUITS NEEDED directing the Armies and Navies in this great World War
The work of
is being done by Wireless. The Wireless Operator is absolutely indispensable
in achieving results as has been proven in the Battles along the Somme. The
Wireless Sections are now one of the largest and most important factors in
the Royal Engineers. Our Army demands an efficient corp of Radio Opera-
tors. Each one of the thousand new Merchant Marine Ships will require
3 Wireless skilled Operators. Our Big Shore Stations and New War
Vessels need Operators.
To meet this demand the Xational Radio School will open a Special 8
weeks' Course in the Theory and Practise of Wireless Telegraphy. Classes
begin in June. Price $60 in advance or $66 on the installment plan. Men
and women are in demand for this Service.
The School is located in the Heart of the Xational Capital where one may
feel in close touch with the needs of Our Country at this Crisis. Several
of our students have just passed the Tests for the Navy and are now in
service at the large Arlington Wireless Station. Our Correspondence
Courses have helped many, who could not attend our school, to get a Com-
mercial License. Enroll now in one of our Courses so you may be prepared
to serve when the call comes. Send stamp for catalog which gives full
information.
NATIONAL RADIO SCHOOL
14th and U Streets, N. W. WASHINGTON, D. C.
THE OMNIGRAPH MFG. CO. 41 Cortland St., N. Y. only one of hundreds of different styles of
discs we make.
sumption (pulmonary tuberculosis) one cork stopper. After the vial is adjusted,
electrode is placed on the back and the the stopper is put in carefully. (It may be
other on the chest over the affected lung. necessary to adjust the vial so that it floats
One Tuberculosis Hospital in which this almost upright so that on pushing in the
treatment was given daily to a number
stopper, a little more water enters the vial
of patients reported 85 per cent of cures'
The author is working on an apparatus and it just floats upright.) On holding the
make possible the use of Dia- flask in the hand it is found that one can.
which will
thermic treatment in the homes of patients by squeezing it, compress the air and make
suffering from this disease. the diver perform. Thus one can make the
Convert Your Bicycle Into diver obey one's command to rise or sink,
For office use and for the Electro-medi-
a Motorcycle cal specialist ("Electrotherapeutist") the without the audience perceiving the cause.
writer has recently designed an apparatus Obviously a thin flask which will yield to
Motor fits any wheel. Best,
most reliable. Best hill climber. More from which remarkable results are being squeezing is necessary for this experiment
STEFFEYS tn use than all others. A fine
motor for running small Dynamos, Lathes and obtained Fig. 6).
(see The Tesla and and the ordinary Florence flask answers
the purpose very well. The real submarine
email .-.lii'iis Motors only as low as S16.95. coils are excited by a wireless
D'Arsonval
Sleffey Mlg. Co., 5025 W. Brown St., Phila, Pa. transmitting set of the well-known "Hy- boat is so constructed that no water can
tone" tvpe. The rotary quenched gap with enter it, even if it is wholly submerged, ex-
its exceedingly high-spark frequency
pro-
cept at the will of the occupants. It is
MOTORCYCLES duces an almost sustained wave in the able to float like any other ship just as
our
and BICYCLES at cut prices. High-frequency coils. Both for the Tesla
and twins $2o To $100.
SlDg.es vial can float. If the occupants wish the
New Motorcycle Tires $3. and D'Arsonval treatment the writer be-
Automobile Tires S3. Best boat to submerge, water is allowed to enter
this apparatus superior to any that weight
Motorcycle Belts $5. Carbur-
into special compartments until the
etors $6. Spark coils J6. S*corj«i- he has used up to the present time. The
Tandems New
of the boat slightlv exceeds the weight of
bandBicyclea *&. $15. Bicycles at Factory Prices.
Denlnger, The Price Cutter, Rochester, Mew York vitalizing and exhilarating effects are ex-
the water it displaces. When they wish Machine Shop (bench work).
to rise again, some of this water is forced Magnetism and E lei tricity.
out. Alternating Currents.
EXPERIMENT 29— We
are all familiar A. C. and D. C. Instruments.
with the fact that objects weigh less in liatteries.
water than in air and that some things Motors and Motor Control.
float in water. No one who has ever taken kadi' i I 'i .« er ' Circuits.
,i bath has failed to notice this, and as a Primary Circuits
matter <>f fact the great Archimedes, who Sei ondary Circuits.
first formulated the- law oj bu
noticed the buoyant effect of water while
taking Ins daily or yearly bath (I do not
know which). If a block of wood, a piece
of stone or marble, or a brick and a piece
of cork of the same size and shape are
weighed in air, they are found to have
first Condensers and Oscillating Currents.
Radiating Currents.
Transmitting Sets.
Recen ing
Receiving Sets.
(
11
is
fallacy of "doping
Chiropractic
Advanced Science
the day of druglesa healing! The
and dosing" has been ex-
Science has triumphed again! Treat-
of Spinal Adjustment
different weights. If then each is weighed Radio Regulations and Fleet Work. ment by spinal adjustment is the thing of the hour!
You can now become a Doc-tor of Chiroprac-
in water (see Fig. 25-A) they are again Radio License Booth. tic through home study during spare time!
found to weigh differently but they all Review and Examination. You can know wealth, honor, prestige and
To the above course is added several position! Makes no difference where you live
weigh less, and as a matter of fact it is or what you do— you can qualify easily, rapid-
noticed that the LOSS IN WEIGHT
is in weeks of practical work and special details. ly for this great profession.
each case the same, except in the case ol Students enter the Electrical School at any
the cork which floats and does not weigh time and commence the course on the
Earn $3,000 to $5,000 a Year
Many of our graduates earn much more—some op-
anything. If next we fill a can until it Monday following their date of entrance. wards of a year. Dr. M. D. Moore, oi Ken-
$10,000
tucky, reports an income of $9,000 a year. Dr. L. H.
nearly overflows and immerse one of our Each week corresponds to a class or grade Roche, New Jersey, $5,500. Dr. Hanna. Florida, over
objects (except the cork) in it, and catch and shows the subject which the student $5,000 yearly. We could name hundreds of more who
are making big incomes. See the facts in our Free
tin- overflow water in another can and is studying, and the lapse of time since Book. It'B only a question of preparation on your
subtracting the weight of the entrance to the school. part, to enter a profession that is paying others
weigh it (
$3,000 to $5,000 or more a year. Think whatitwould
can), we find that 111,' weight of the water The first eight weeks of the radio course mean to you to have this money rolling in and to be
your own boss with your own office and your own
displaced is equal t<> the weight Inst when are devoted to subjects pertaining chiefly hours. Truly this is a glorious chance for youl
tin- bodies were immersed in the first part to general electricity and serve as the
of the experiment. In Fig. 25-1'.. abed,
represents the cross-section of the body
ground work for the study of radio. Text
books used in the first eight weeks are 20 LESSONS FREE
used. The pressure at ad, is equal to the "Swoope's Lessons in Practical Electricity" Also $15 Set o! 8 Anatomical Charts and
weight of the column, eoad. The pressure and "Enllard's Naval Electricians' Text $16.50 Set of Nerve and Pain Area Charts
ai cb, is equal to the weight of the column, Book." Yes, free to you without a cent, now or later. As
ceob. Tin' difference between the two is Both the Continental and Morse codes an extra inducement to secure quick action, we will
give absolutely free, our big, 6i-page book; a $15 set
the resulting buoyant force at cb, and is are taught. Two operating tables, each of 8 Anatomical Charts, beautifully lithographed in
lifelike colors, and alsoa complete Bet of Nerve and
equal to the weight of a column of water with a capacity of twenty men, are fitted Pain Area Charts, regular value $16.50.
adeb, which of course is the amount of with head 'phones, sounders, and trans- Our Lessons Teach You How to Make
water displaced. The cork being lighter mitting keys. The instructors are Chief Spinal Adjustments For Speedy Relief of
than water, if it were immersed the buoy- Radio Electricians. Each instructor is as- Headache Neuralgia Constipation Pleurisy
ant force would he greater than its weight signed an operating desk having control Indigestion
Lumbago
Neuritis Dyspepsia
Rheumatism
Jaundice
Catarrh Asthma,
and therefore it is forced to the surface. over a certain number of tables. The stu- Epilepsy Fevers Paralysis Etc.
Hence the cork will sink only until enough dents are assigned to tables according to
water is displaced so that the buoyant force skill in receiving and are advanced to
Learn at Home In Spare Time
Wetrainyoubymail. We make everythingso clear, so
equals its weight, i.e.. only fart of it will faster tables whenever necessary. Final simple, so easy to understand that you can't help but
learn. Give us a portion of your spare time, and we
sink. The ordinary ship floats because it is examinations are held after the comple- will soon have you a Doctor of Chiropractic, ready to
constructed so that if it were immersed, tion of the twenty-second week. The av- step out and take a position of prestige in the world.
a f*rj* %T^^TITI Why slave your life away
the buoyant force would be greater than
weight.
its erage operating ability of the students
completing the course is 25 words per
AI
*»^* * 11 IN I J VW
' in work that you don't like
WW. - W ork thatdoesn't fit with
your ambition? Here's the chance you've been look-
(To be continued) minute. A
great many of the students, ing for. Here'B the opportunity your ambition bas
been yearning for! Write today and Bee the suc-
however, approach a speed of 30 words cess that is awaiting you as a Doctor of Chiroprac-
THE NAVAL RADIO OPERATOR. per minute. tic Act now. Don't delay.
AMERICAN "TJNTVERSrrr,
It is believed that men completing the Manterre Building Dept. g©^ Chicago, HI.
(Continued from page 109)
radio course at the Electrical Class suc-
Members the Electrical Class are
of
cessfully have obtained an excellent gen-
quartered on the receiving ship at either
eral knowledge of radio and have fitted
Mare Island, or New York. The school themselves for rapid and sure promotion
DON'T BE THIN!
a
buildings are situated in the Navy Yard. Physical Perfection at-
in this branch of the Naval service. tracts men and women, for
Outside of the regular school hours a we all admire a well-de-
course of instruction is contemplated veloped person. Have
you noticed that it is the
whereby they will be instructed in the regu-
lar duties of a man-o'-war's-man; this is
THE HOW AND WHY OF RADIO (
shape we make.
the rear of the gap. Being air-tight at the
start, this gap operates in the same manner
as the design shown in Fig. 3, known as
sultant tone corresponds to that of a 540-
cycle alternator. It is necessary that the
width of the spark segments are so propor-
A pair of rolls 7H" long and 1^" in the Telefunken gap. To obtain a high tioned that sparks will occur during not
diameter with 8t»oles on ends and middle.
They must be perfectly straight and we spark note with the rotary quenched gap of more than one-half of the total time, as
make them so. It's hard but not for us. Fig. 4, the two fixt and also the rotary elec- otherwise the telephone diafram at the re-
We can make your difficult! designs also. trodes have their faces accurately machined ceiving station is retarded in its excursion
Send US blue print for quotations.
or milled-out at equal distances, resulting away from the magnet, thereby resulting-
in a number of teeth, between which the in a decrease in the sound intensity.
Union Electrical Porcelain Works ]Tlw3f interested in this spark gap "ci'i
spark occurs. These gaps have to be built
3 TRENTON, N. J. very accurately of course, as the gap itself
measures about .003 inch, and it is desirable
do li'fl/ to look up the matter in the excel-
lent paper by Mr. Melville East ham, entitled
"The High Tone Radio Telegraph Trans-
mitter" in the December, 1914. issue of the
proceedings of the Institute of Radio En-
gineers. —
Editorial Note.]
Demand
Be Prepared. Chemists Are More in
Than Ever Before. No One Can HIGH-FREQUENCY APPARATUS
Afford Not To Know About The AND EXPERIMENTS.
Wonderful Science of Chemistry, {Continued from page 117)
Send for Chemcraft. it is just what you need start
to so rapid that it will not produce an audible
ymir chemical laboratory. You will learn thousands of
sound in the receivers, so that the discharge
valuable and interesting things, besides having all kinds
of fun. of an Oudin coil cannot be used for the
CHEMCRAFT NO. I. POSTAGE PAID
PRICE $1.50,
transmission of wireless messages, altho
ANYWHERE IN UNITED STATES OR CANADA. Con
tains fourteen chemicals. Test Tubes, Glass tube. Measure, who can say, if it is properly conducted to
etc., and a valuable instruction book telling how to work
36 wonderful experiments in Chemistry and Chemical Magic. the aerial, that it does not travel as far or
CHEMCRAFT NO. 3. PRICE S5.50. DELIVERED EAST farther, than an undamped wave.
OF THE MISSISSIPPI. WEST OF THE MISSISSIPPI It is very probable that high frequency
OR TO CANADA. $6.00. Contains 4S chemicals and lots
of extra apparatus, such as a Blow-pipe, Test Tube Holder, current of a periodicity which is not de-
Test Tube Brush, Alcohol Lamp, etc.. in addition to the
apparatus contained in the other outfits. With Chemcraft tected by the senses, will play an important
No. 3 you can work more than 200 fascinating experiments. part in radio thought transmission.
This picture shows Chemcraft No. 2. which con-
CHEMICALS AND APPARATUS FOR THE EXPERI- If experimenters will build apparatus,
MENTER. We have just completed a price list of chemi-
tains 32 chemicals with complete apparatus and nid apparatus for experimenters. Send 10c in coin similar to that described, they will never re-
Instructions for working 85 experiments In Chem- or stamps for a copy of this list- It will be valuable to you.
istry and Chemical Magic. Price, postage paid. gret the little amount of time required for
$2.50. West of the Mississippi and to Canada. $3.00.
Dealers: Write for Discounts on the Chemcraft
THE PORTER CHEMICAL CO. its construction.
Line. Dept. B- Hagerstown, Md.
EXPERIMENTAL CHEMISTRY.
{Continued from page 127)
be a closet, or some place else for
left in
STORAGE BATTERIES FOR ALL PURPOSES a week, or until the water has disappeared.
The reaction for this experiment is
8HNO3 = 3Cu[NO s ] 2
z&&\&t
Better Batteries for Less Money 3Cu
Copper
+
Nitric Copper
4- 4H.O
Water
+ 2NO
Nitrogen
Acid Nit rat Monoxid
Backed by An Exceptional
Guarantee
*>: MADE FROM ACIDS AND
EXPERIMENT XO. 61—
SALTS.
The Mark-o'Quality
;*> G« Quality
Capacity
Price
Put 5 or 10 grams of marble chips into
*® WE MANUFACTURE BATTERIES
half water]. Apply the splint test by ap-
plying a lighted splint to the mouth of the
«l V* FOR EACH MAKE OF AUTOMOBILE test tube, after the action has progrest for
a short time. After the action has stopt,
PAULM.MARKO & CO., Inc., 1191 Bedford Aft., Brooklyn. N.Y. N. Y. Depot—974 8th A*e., N. Y. City and if not clear, filter, and evaporate most
of it.
s men who originally built the typewriter do this rebuilding and do the work
just as good.
FOX TYPEWRITER CO., 8702-8752 FRONT AVE., GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN Monthly
Experimenter" when writing advertisers.
You benefit h\< m Electrical to
— — !
[FeS] in a test tube and cover it with ful, and hydrochloric acid attacks it with
be created. Heal the solution oxer a I'.nu- sulfat |Xa,SO,l . Plants need men ol them .it hbch salaries.
We have trained bin
sen burner very cautiously, and moderately. PbfNOj], 4- NajSOj PbSO< 2NaNOa 1"
Alter the action has progrest for 5 or 10 Lead Nitrat Sodium Sulfate Lead Sulfate Sodium ifltable employment all the fear rutin d.
Lprecipitatsj Nitrat You Can Qualify. Write today
minutes let the tube cool, then pour in 15 EARN $1200 to Special
Acids arc usually made by acting with
or 2ll cc. of water, to dilute or dissolve the
a less volatile acid, as Sulfuric acid
$3000 A YEAR 1
time
If the liquid is not clear, filter
.1.
solution.
and evaporate the liltrat [the liquid [H«SO«], on a salt of the acid required. 1
1
1
If 1
fold.
the union of an acid and a base, and we ult, big .
sa.l.11
concentrated sulfuric acid is present, it will being offered for cod rig, right away.
2NaCl 4- II-..SO, Na~SO, + 2110 cause it is one of the less volatile acids,
addresf for tuli particulars —FREE
inn Sulfuric Sodium Hydrochloric WRITE TODAY FOR FREE LITERATURE
t'hluri.l Acid Sulfate Acid and thus it readily parts with its hydro- Just your name
address on i posl card and Is
gen and takes a metal in its place. A enough. We will Bend you absolutel) I
All the ci .union acids arc soluble. Some offer we an- now making. Write now
the sulfuric acid for example, if Hydro- ; Tins offer Is Limited.
ti
of the bases are soluble, some insoluble. chloric acid [HO] is wanted, Sodium FORT WAYNE CORRESPONDENCESCHOOL
An insoluble substance is one which does chlorid [NaCl] or some chlorid is used. Dept. A -244 Fort Wayne, Jndi<
not dissolve, or which dissolves very slightly If Xitric acid [HXOi] some nitrat, as Po-
in water. Besides water there are many tassium Nitrat [KNO.iJ, should be used.
other solvents, as, alcohol, chloroform, Soluble bases, especially the alkalis, may
ether, carbon disulfid, and the various be made by acting with calcium hydroxid
alkalis, and acids, and unless a certain sol- on certain salts of the base required.
vent is mentioned, water is the one re- Other bases, for example Sodium or Potas-
ferred to. To he able to distil fuish clearly
between soluble and insoluble substances,
is the basis of chemical analysis.
sium Hydroxid, may be used in place of
Calcium hydroxid. Ammonium hydroxid
[NH.OH] is prepared from a salt of
CHEMISTS!
Soluble salts, are usually prepared by Ammonium, as, Ammonium Chlorid
[1] neutralization, as in experiments 54, 55 Ammonium Nitrat [XH,N0 ],
[NH..C1], 3
and 56; [2] by the action of an acid on Ammonium Sulfat [NH.J-SO., etc., by
a metal, as in experiments 58, 59 and heating it with a mixture of calcium hy-
60; [3] by the action of an acid on a salt, droxid [Ca[OH] 2 ] [slaked lime].
as in experiments 61, 62, 63. 2NH 4 C1 4- Ca[OH],. =
CaCL. 4- 2NH.OH
In experiments 54, 55 and 56, we pre- Ammonium Calcium Calcium Ammonium
pared a soluble .salt by Neutralization. Chlorid Hydroxid Chlorid Hydroxid
[Slaked lime]
Upon making a mixture of the acid and
base [in solution) a reaction took place Sodium hydroxid is made from Sodium
Carbonat [Na-COa] and Calcium Hydroxid.
DON'T BE HAMPERED
and a salt was formed. As a salt usually
gives a neutral reaction, a point is reached, Insoluble bases are made by mixing two
solutions, one of which contains a base
by LACK of APPARATUS
in the mixing, if it is done very care-
fully, at which the whole mixture was
and the other a compound of the metal YOU CANNOT SUCCESSFULLY
neutral to litmus. If the solvent water of base required.
the Ferric Hydroxid STUDY CHEMISTRY WITHOUT IT.
was evaporated at this point, the salt [Fe[OH] 2 ] can be prepared by adding So- COMPLETE SET. SHOWN ABOVE. FOR
should he obtained as a solid, which in dium hydroxid solution to a solution of
WRITE FOR
some cases may break up owing to ex- Ferric chlorid [FeClj]. Any other soluble
ferric [but not ferrous] salt would do as
PARTICULARS THE $4.00
cessive heat.
In experiments 58, 59 and 60, we pre- well, and any other soluble hydroxid. PENSEE ASSOCIATED LABORATORIES
pared a soluble salt by dissolving a metal Ferrous hydroxid [Fe[OH*] s ] requires a 1221 FIRST ST EVANSVILLE, INDIANA
by an acid. The result which we obtained soluble ferrous [not ferric] salt.
is called a chemical solution and consists
SOLUTION:—
of two stages; [1| the metal combined
In Experiment
S [August, 1916, issue of
Cents Day
aCornet
with the negative part of the acid, and Par* for Thi »
the liquid, the larger part of which is trated Solution by experiment. We found » j
Oom.t. Fr*o Trial before you
W rite for bur.
decide to buy. v> bur oiler.
water. Thus it is clear why a salt which that by dissolving the sugar in water, we WURUTzEP. big
Free Band Catalog J™;
formed a Solution. Sugar is said to he Band 2&0-p«,g«j Catalog. Bock-bottom
is insoluble in water is not usually made airect-lrom-nxAinit&sturnr'a prieia on all
kinds of itiBtnimt/ntd. t>ay at rate of a few
in this manner. Soluble in water, and the water is termed Carrying Caie Free cente a dny. Gcnerove allowance for eld
In experiments 61, 62 and 63, we made the Solvent. The sugar is the Solute. A with this Buperb
triple silver plated
Initrumanta. r rro trio).
I wTnment. Write todav
au D ply the
The Rudoloh Wurlltxvr Co.. D.pt
We
substance is said to he in solution in a Lyric Comet, £ -744
a soluble salt by the action of an acid 4th SI .Clnclnnatt.O. S.Waoaati Av-Chleaao
brought together, such as alcohol and water, gas from a liquid in which it is either
Learn Wireless Under or glycerine and water, are said to be generated or has been held by pressure.
If a crystal of washing soda is exposed
Miscible.
Marconi's Chief Instructor An insoluble solid, like starch-powder to the air in a dry place, it will lose its
or can be dispersed thru water by
clay, water of crystallization and become covered
shaking, but the mixture will be Turbid with a fine powder. This is called Efflo-
Serve Your Country like muddy water. A turbid mixture of rescence. Copper Sulfat [Bluestone
in an important trained capacity. Several thousand
operators will be needed for our new njerchant marine a solid and liquid is called a Suspension. CuS0.5H;0], retains its water in ordinary
and supply snips. If preferred, men who hold com- In time the suspended matter will settle, air but in very dry air it turns white and
mercial licenses, by entering the Naval Reserve, can
enter the Electrical school of the Navy Department leaving the liquid clear. Dissolved matter Effloresces rapidly.
without enlisting for four years.
CRYSTALLIZATION :—
Men and Women will never settle.
to « 1
1
nail;,
1
appeared Hugo
Gernsback, who having been duly sworn according
law. id
|
thai i I
foi-Your Home
EXPERIMENT NO. 70— Tin Electrical Experimenter and that the following The Uni-Lcctric is a complete electric
/
is to the best ot his knowledge and belief, a true service station in home size. Genemt'-s
Expose a piece of Calcium Chlorid statement oi thi p, management, etc., of
f
standard UO-VOlt direct current. Bi^ ca-
'
Chlorid [AgCl], We know that this com- 4. That the two paragraphs next above, giving
the names of the owners, stockholders, and security
pound is insoluble. Therefore we must bidders, if any, contain not only the list of stock-
select a soluble salt of silver, and also In, Idei 5 .ind security holders as they appear upon
the books of the company but also, in cases where
a soluble chlorid. Silver Xitrat (AgNOa] the stockholder or security bidder appears upon
being the only soluble silver salt in com- the books of the company as trustee or in any other
mon use, we make a solution of it. We fiduciary relation, the name of the person or cor-
poration for whom such trustee is acting, is given:
may also take most any chlorid, because also that the said two paragraphs contain state-
they are mostly all soluble. Sodium ments embracing affiant's full knowledge and be-
Chlorid [common table salt] being one lief as to the circumstances and conditions under
of the cheapest, we shall use it. Take a which stockholders and security holders who do not NJ'.'l-H:H«V.eV
appear upon the books of the company as trustees,
little Sodium Chlorid and dissolve it in hold slock and securities in a capacity other than
water. Pour one of the solutions into
the tube containing the other, and the
that of a bona tide owner; and this affiant has no
reasun in believe that any other person, association,
or corporation has any interest direct or indirect cKNAPPm4.IWJIJIU.llM
LEADER
precipitat of silver chlorid which we wanted in the said stock, bonds, or other securities than
is thus obtained. Save the precipitat for as so stated by him. The Big Power Motor for Boys $
5. That the average number of copies of each
the next experiment. This experiment also issue of this publication sold or distributed, through
illustrates a substance which is insoluble in the mails or otherwise, to paid subscribers during
A compact, highly
efficient reversible
water. the six months preceding the date shown above is
mot or, perfect in every
EXPERIMENT NO. 11— detail. 1 he reducing
(This information is required from daily publica- gear, easily adjusted,
Prepare some Silver Chlorid [AgGl as tions only.)
in Experiment 71. taking not over 5 cc. of H. CERNSPACK, Editor. transforms the high
each solution and using for one the silver Sworn to and subscribed before me this 16th speed to more power
day of April, 1917. at slower speed. This
salt prepared. Let the Silver Chlorid sub-
side and pour off the upper supernatant (Seal.) E. D. JUNIOR. motor is guaranteed by us to be exactly
portion of the liquid, leaving the solid (My commission expires March 30, 1919.) as represented.
powerful.
Attaches to any
i<
EIylTER
green cloth, suitably lettered in gold %J \J complete lighting system
wanted. Write tor ririrrs
Is in great demand.
and catalog K.
EXPERIM Shipping weight lbs. Add sufficient postage, other-
_'
JEWEL ELECTRIC COMPANY, 112 N. Fifth Av., CHICAGO
wise we will have to send binder by express,
*°
Stromberg - Carlson Telephone Mfg. Co.
Book Dep't. Rochester, N. Y.
S.GERNSBACK
^.LESCARBOURA
7M.W.5ECOR
ra^?l
THIRD lO.OOO
This masterpiece contains 160 pages. 400 illustrations. Size The most comprehensive Wireless Course ever printed. Con-
of book 5" x 9". Printed on extra thin paper, so book can tains 160 pages, 350 illustrations. Size of book 63^" X 9."
be slipped in pocket. Handsome stiff cloth cover. Very fine flexible linen cover.
Price $1 .00 if bought alone. FREE with a year's subscription Price $1.00 if bought alone. FREE with a year's subscription.
This is a very limited offer. It may be withdrawn at any time, due to the
tremendous cost of paper, which IS JUST DOUBLE IT WAS ONE WHAT
litt
YEAR AGO. We only have about 2000 each of these fine books on hand ; after
they are gone we cannot reprint the books until conditions become normal again.
THIS MAY BE TWO YEARS OR MORE. Now is your chance.
The publishers of this journal have earned an enviable reputation of giving
^Electrical more than 00 cents' worth for each dollar spent with them. Profit by this liberal
—
1
PS the regular subscription price of $1 .50 per year (Canada and for-
eign $2.00 and we will send you FREE POSTPAID, either one of
I ^T' 6-17
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WILL BE GIVEN FREE, POSTPAID. o^ '
Please enter
Ifvou are a subscriber at present, take advantage of this w my eubecrlptlon
/ to THE ELEC-
wonderful opportunity anyway. If you do, we will extend 'X ,' TRICALEXPERI-
your present subscription for one year. '\Y M ENTER for the
L1GHTNII r_0,' terra of year
O,' 'or which I enclose here-
IS
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«^~
will sec your ad. It is furthermore thx cheapest advertising medium for you in the country. Dealers* advertising accepted in Opportunity
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OVER 75,000 PEOPLE READ THIS JOURNAL
Jjnv
4
stop! look: FOR SALE— Silicon Detector without cat EXCHANGE — Complete set of parts for a Ford
A y
" Spark Coil, $1.50; large accurate Voltam- whisker wire, 50c; 1.000 ohm Receiver, 75c;
Galvanometer. 25c Telegraph Set, 50c Leather-
engine, with exception of crank shaft and flywheel
for a panel type receiving set, typewriter or wire-
meter, $3; large Static Machine, 17" plates, oper- ; ;
ates large X-Kay tubes, worth $40, for $15; Load- covered headband, 50c. Remittance must accom- less supplies. J. Yates Van Antwerp, 35 South
ing Coil, $1.25. All rest E. I. goods. $1.25 Fixed pany order. Write Harry Layman, Davidsville, Perry St., Johnstown, N. Y.
Variable Condenser, 75c; $2. Rotary Potentio-
meter, £1.10; 2,000 ohm headset, $3. Call or SALE OR EXCHANGE— B-Flat cornet, $12;
write, all answered. Satisfaction guaranteed. C. shotgun, $3; incubator, $3. John Enos, "A'ellneet,
Krummenackcr, 1034 73rd St., Brooklyn, N. Y. UKULELE— Koa wood, $10, or trade for Mass.
camera. Give size, lens, style, make, etc., or
WANTED — Tents, Scouting and Gym supplies. guitar. Clyde B. Marx, Kaskela, Oregon. FOR SALE— iy2 H.P. Gas Engine, 500 watt 110
Have Wireless Instruments to swap. Dean Wil- volt *D.C. Generator, small lathe, H.P. 110 %
son, Alpha, III. FOR SALE—Otis Clapp Static Machine in first- volt D.C. motor, Jeweler's Foot Wheel. Write
class condition. Two 19 plates on hand operated for description. J. H. Clemmer, Blue Creek, W.
—
FOR SALE Receiving Set, consists Arlington end. Ten 29" plates on power operated end. Ya.
Coupler, H-C 3000 ohm Phones, Murdock Con- Several Leyden
jars and various discharging de-
denser, Perikon Detector, Switches and large vices to with machine.
go Cabinet measures FOR SALE— Motor, $10; Headset, $4; 1-inch
quantity Crystals. All new. Only $14. J. Smith, 66"x66"x30* wide. All enclosed in glass, $75, Detector, $2; Spark
Coil, $3; a Potentiometer, $3;
T rout Run, Pa. Gap, $1; Sending Condenser, $2. Paulding, Can-
f.o.b. Mattapan, Mass. Cost $450. Fritz Henrici,
terbury School, New Milford, Conn.
Mattapan, Mass.
FOR SALE—One Junior Cyclecar at $6S. A FOR SALE — Alternating Current Electric
bargain. Jacob Uau, Bathgate, N. D. Sewing Machine Motor, $15; new condition cost
good
MOTORCYCLE— Thor,
tires, fine running
clutch,
order, $45.
chain drive,
Also parts
mil $30. H. N. Richmond, 1628 Washington Ave.,
Colorado Springs, Colo.
;
BARGAINS— Leaving home, must sell. New headset for $3. A. Taylor, 105 East 1 02nd St,
OMNIGRAPH WANTED—Will pay cash for
Electron Relay, $3; slightlv used, $2. Loose Coup- X e w York.
niunigraph in first-class condition. B. Cochran,
ler. $1. 500 volt D. C. 1/3 horsepower Holtzer WILL EXCHANGE wireless for
Box 55, Palmetto, Georgia.
Cabot motor and rheostat equal to new, $15.
first-class set
'Sniith'* motor wheel, or Motorcycle. Bernard
FOR SALE— 200 Steps 110
D P. 1,000 ohm phone, headband, cord, $1.23.
ivn, T roy, N. C.
watt transformer. Telephone magnetos,
1
Mechanical, electrical magazines cheap, Pri llcnt for research work and isure-
$1.
motor, wire. Stamps or ther small 1M V. 60 cycle
SELL—40 lesson Taxidermy Course, magnetos,
i
3BBT
Opportunity Exchange
\70TJ probably find more opportunities and real bargains in these columns than anywhere else in the country.
will Most good things in
—
* life are hard to find and worth going after these little ads illustrate that point; you alone will be the real loser if you don't take the
time to scan through these columns.
Advertisements in th.s section 4c. a word for each insertion. Count 7 words per line.
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advertising agency.
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accepted.
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DO YOU WANT back numbers of THE ELEC- FOR SALE— Tents, one 40x80 ft., round top,
TRICAL EXPERIMENTER? Send for bound four 20 ft. center poles, 9 ft. wall; bargain; $°-0.
volume No. containing issues from May, 1915,
3, One 16x24 ft. hip roof, square end, 7 ft. khaki
drill wall, $20. One 12x19 ft. square end, 6 ft. t
PATENTS — Without advance attorney's fee-;
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extra. Experimenter Pub. Co., 233 Fulton St., 8 in. wall, $14. All tents complete ready to set free report. Books
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City.
________ ton, D. C.
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us l_iow what you want and we will quote you. value for Sample 10c. B. Scholz, Majestic
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$1.
Theatre Co., Sheboygan, Wise.
PHONOGRAPHS
( ity.
MISCELLANEOUS
Franklin
— -
151 LAKE AYE..
to be used with above coupler, $5.
high grade, brand new instruments.
All above
Also one
used electron relay cabinet, damped andi undamped
hookup with bulb, $8. Y. G. Gustafson, Joliet, III.
Lancaster, N. Y.
ELECTRICIANS— Send 5< for 1U Blue Prints
of Motor and Generator Connections. 28 for Feb. 22, 1917. FOR SALE—To dispose of the following in-
$1, 10 A. C, 4 D. C. Motor Winding Diagrams struments, I am offering same far below the orig-
for $1 or 20 A. C, 4 D. C, and 4 Rotary Con- inal cost. Three sections, Murdock Moulded Con-
verter Drawings, $1.60. * Winding made easy. Gentlemen densers, $4. One K. W. Oscillation Transformer,
Martin Electric Co., 329 Irvington PI., Denver, $4. Sayville Rotarv Spark Gap, $o. E. Co.,
I wish to tell you that my ad. in
I.
And Now
If you have an ambition to make a name
for yourself in electrical held you will
the
wan to join
I the New YorkElecti ical
"'
of electricity.
New York
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Electrical School
St., New York, N.
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Magnetism—Induction— Experiments— Dynamos
make —Electric Machinery— Motors— Armatures— Arm-
•