TITLE PAGE

THE IMPACT OF ICT FACILITIES ON UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN

FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC LIBRARIES IN NORTH CENTRAL ZONE, NIGERIA
(A CASE STUDY OF FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC NASARAWA)

BY

HUSSAMA IBN IBRAHIM

FPN/SIT/2017/2018/LIT/1027

A PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF NATIONAL DIPLOMA (ND) IN
LIBRARY AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY,
DEPARTMENT OF LIBRARY AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY,
FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC NASARAWA

OCTOBER, 2018.

i
 APPROVAL PAGE

This project has been read and approved for the Department of Library and Information

Technology, the Federal Polytechnic, Nasarawa.

BY

___________________ __________________
Deborah Mazah Date
Project Supervisor

___________________ __________________
Mrs. Victoria Ale Date
Head of Department

___________________ __________________
External Examiner Date

ii
 DEDICATION

This project is dedicated to God Almighty.

iii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Our gratitude goes to God Almighty who gave us wisdom, knowledge, understanding and

protection throughout our period of study in Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa.

We also want to use this opportunity to say a big thanks to my project supervisor, Deborah

Mazah, who inspite of her very tight schedule, went through the project many times making

constructive criticism, suggestions and corrections on each occasions, may God Almighty bless

and protect you. In the same vein, we appreciate the effort and sacrifice made by Mr. Ali Bala

Maina in making sure that this research becomes successful within a short period of time. Thank

you very much Sir.

Special thanks to our Head of Department, Mrs. Victoria Ale and all our departmental lecturers;

Mr. Nat Dachan; Mal. Mshelia Adamu, Mal. Habib Shehu, Mr. Okechukwu Obediah, Mr. Bukar

Ibrahim, Mr. Kerry Magaji Paul, Mr. Habila Amos, the non-teaching staff in the department,

Mrs. Christiana J. Ukpo and Mr. Sugbaza M. Moses for their contributions towards the

successful completion of our programme.

Our sincere appreciation goes to our parents, Mr. and Mrs. Habib, Mr. and Mrs. Dogo and Mr.

and Mrs. John for their prayers, care, support both morally and financially throughout our

studies.

Finally, we also want to say a big thanks to our friends, course mates and well-wishers for their

support throughout our study period especially in the course of writing this project.

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 ABSTRACT

The study examined the influence of information and communication technology (ICT) on users’
satisfaction in academic libraries in Niger state. The research was guided by five research
objectives and five research questions. Survey research design was adopted for the study. The
population of the study was fifteen thousand five hundred and seventeen (15,517). A sample size
of two thousand and sixty eight (2,068) was used based on random sampling technique.
Questionnaire was the instrument used for data collection. The analysis was presented using
tables, frequencies and percentages. The analysis revealed that the library integrated the use of
ICT facilities in its operations. Computers, internet services and photocopier were the major ICT
facilities used in the library. The study further revealed that making adequate fund available and
allowing free and easy access to facilities were the major solutions to the identified problem.
Based on the findings of this study, number of recommendations were put forward among which
include Academic libraries should make adequate fund available for the provision of ICT
facilities in their libraries, the libraries must make these facilities accessible to users, the library
should also provide user education on ICT skills to enlighten the user on how best to make use of
the ICT facilities in the library.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page - - - - - - - - - i

Approval Page - - - - - - - - - ii

Dedication - - - - - - - - - iii

Acknowledgement - - - - - - - - - iv

Abstract - - - - - - - - - v

Table of Contents - - - - - - - - - vi

List of Tables - - - - - - - - - ix

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction - - - - - - - - - 1

1.1 Background of the Study - - - - - - - 2

1.2 Statement of the Problem - - - - - - - 5

1.3 Research Questions - - - - - - - - 6

1.4 Research Objectives - - - - - - - - 6

1.5 Significance of Study - - - - - - - - 7

1.6 Scope and Limitation of the Study - - - - - - 8

1.7 Operational Definition of Terms - - - - - - 8

References - - - - - - - - - 9

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review - - - - - - - - 10

2.1 Introduction - - - - - - - - - 10

2.2 Conceptual Framework - - - - - - - 10

2.3 Impact of ICT Facilities on Undergraduate Students - - - - 13

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2.4 Availability of ICT Facilities in Academic Libraries - - - - 14

2.5 Accessibility of ICT Facilities by Users in Academic Libraries - - 17

2.6 Problems Affecting the Use of ICT Facilities in Academic Libraries - 18

References - - - - - - - - - 21
CHAPTER THREE

3.0 Methodology - - - - - - - - - 23

3.1 Research Techniques Utilized - - - - - - - 23

3.2 Research Population - - - - - - - - 24

3.3 Sampling Technique of the Study Area - - - - - 24

3.4 Sample Size of Respondent and Sampling Technique - - - 24

3.5 Research Instrument Utilized- - - - - - - 25

3.6 Administration of Research Instrument - - - - - 25

3.7 Data Analysis Technique - - - - - - - 25

References - - - - - - - - - 26
CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 Data Presentation and Analysis - - - - - - 28

4.1 Response Rate- - - - - - - - - 28

4.2 Availability of ICT Facilities - - - - - - 29

4.3 Impact of ICT Facilities on Undergraduate Students - - - - 32

4.4 Access to Facilities in the Library - - - - - - 33

4.5 Problem Affecting the Use of ICT Facilities - - - - - 34

4.6 Discussion of Research Findings - - - - - - 36

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 CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations - - - - 38

5.1 Summary of the Study - - - - - - - 38

5.2 Summary of Findings - - - - - - - - 38

5.3 Conclusion - - - - - - - - - 39

5.4 Recommendations - - - - - - - - 39

Bibliography - - - - - - - - - 41

Appendix I - - - - - - - - - 43

Appendix II - - - - - - - - - 44

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 LIST OF TABLES

Table 3.3: Sample Size - - - - - - - - - 24

Table 1: Response rate - - - - - - - - 28
Table 3: Status of Respondents - - - - - - 28
Table 5: What are the ICT facilities used in the library? - - - - 29
Table 6: Are these facilities accessible to users in the library?- - - 29
Table 7: Do users make effective use of these facilities in the library? - - 29
Table 8: Are these facilities effective in meeting the information needs of the
library? - - - - - - - - 30
Table 9: Does the library have consideration for undergraduate students’
satisfaction? - - - - - - - - 30
Table 10: Do users get the desired satisfaction from the use of the library? - - 30
Table 11: To what extent do the users get maximum satisfaction in the library? - 31
Table 12: Does the library meet the information need of the users for maximum
satisfaction? - - - - - - - - 31
Table 13: Are there ICT facilities in FPN Library? - - - - 31
Table 14: Does the library integrate the use of ICT facilities in its operations? - 32
Table 15: What impact does the ICT facilities have on undergraduate students? - 32
Table 16: Does the use of library correlate to undergraduate students’ satisfaction in
the library? - - - - - - - - 32
Table 17: Does users access the available ICT facilities in the library? - - 33
Table 18: Does access and use of ICT facilities influence user’s satisfaction in the
library? - - - - - - - - 33
Table 19: To what extent do users get maximum satisfaction from the use of ICT
facilities in the library? - - - - - - 33
Table 20: Do access to these facilities increase undergraduate students’ satisfaction? -
34
Table 21: Are there problems affecting the use of ICT facilities?- - - 34
Table 22: What are the problems affecting the use of ICT in the library?- - 34
Table 23: Does these problems hinder effective utilization of ICT facilities for
maximum users satisfaction in the library? - - - - 35
Table 24: What are the solutions to these problems? - - - - 35

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 CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Information and Communications Technology (ICT) is an extended term for information

technology (IT) which stresses the role of unified communications and the integration

of telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals), computers as well as

necessary enterprise software, middleware, storage, and audio-visual systems, which

enable users to access, store, transmit, and manipulate information. The term ICT is also

used to refer to the convergence of audio-visual and telephone networks with computer

networks through a single cabling or link system(Kalulu, 2012).

The application of information technology to libraries has helped in providing a wide

knowledge base for information seekers. New alternative to information has also been

recorded. With the incorporation of information and communication facilities and

technologies into the libraries, current awareness information is assured for its users. The

use of information technology has helped in promoting Nigeria’s participating in the

concept of Universal Bibliographic Control (UBC) and universal availability providing

its own resources for worldwide access, while as the same time, it will be accessing

others. Conclusively, the driving forces of the ICT revolution and the information

societies are the development, diffusion and use of Information Communication

Technology (ICT) in contemporary societies. The diffusion of ICTs has contributed

enormously to the growth of economics, social, political especially the educational sector

where the public is a department of non-formal education which promotes the formal and

information education of all people (Dike, 2010).

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1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Academic libraries are important contributors of knowledge generation and serve a wide

variety of knowledge seekers. In fact, academic libraries have been described as the

‘heart’ of the polytechnic, because they provide a place for students and academies to

perform their academic study and also to advance their knowledge. The essential part of

any academic library is to ensure the availability of information resources, disseminate

and utilize information to offer adequate and effective services to the academic and

research community with the aim of providing various services to their patrons in order to

handle their various needs and interests. Academic libraries are at the head of offering

information services to the diverse varieties of user – students, lecturers and researchers

in order to support their teaching, learning and research needs, Professional librarians that

work in the academic libraries especially in this information era have always engaged

themselves with the collection, organization and dissemination of resources in both

information resources to support teaching, research and learning. These are resources in

either print or electronic formats. That is why librarians in the academic libraries are fully

recognized as academic staff.

Academic libraries are charged with the provision of information services for clientele,

acting in the altering academic environment. Therefore, the librarians need to mediate

with library users, faculties, departments and lecturers to support effective teaching,

learning, and research in the polytechnic. The advent of ICT has affected the role and

services of the academic libraries, there is a clear paradigm shift from manual ways of

carrying out information services powered by analogue data to electronic ways of

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accessing and retrieving information powered by electronic gadgets. Academic libraries

are now supposed to provide to client a variety of information and communication

technologies and e-resources needed for retrieving information rapidly from both

immediate and distant databases to be able to satisfy the user’s needs. However, the

changing trend in technology has resulted in the changing role of academic libraries with

the application of information and communication technology (ICT) in library operations.

Ifidon and Ifidon (2007) stated that the main aim here is to satisfy the information desires

of the clients. It measures the quality of service rendered and also describes how well the

users are able to access and utilize information resources and services to meet their

information needs. Thus, satisfying the user through adequate provision of quality

services is the primary objective of any library. Hence, the use of information and

communication technology (ICT) in the libraries recently has greatly improved the

performance of academic libraries in carrying out information services to the users. ICT

has enabled libraries to carryout effective service which resulted in the increased

performance and productivity that allows the libraries to provide qualitative service so as

to adequately satisfy their user’s information needs. Information and communication

technology (ICT) has impacted greatly on various library operations such as reference

service, document delivery, inter- library loan etc. and also provide a platform for

accessing library services easily and conveniently, thereby enabling the user to get the

desired satisfaction he/she requires from the use of the library.

Hussain, Khan and Zaidi (2013) stated that information has appeared as the prime in the

21st century. Information and communication technology (ICT) has exerted a great

influence on traditional academic libraries. They stated that the use of computers and

xii
other ICT facilities for library operation saves considerable amount of time, resources

and workforce, and also speed up technical processing and information services.

Information and communication technology (ICT) has been a means to bring quality

services to the academic library users. Also, Information and Communication

Technology (ICT) as stated by Adetimirin (2009) has been found to be useful in many

careers as it simplifies the ease with which activities are done. The information

environment has changed rapidly in the last few years with the new technology to

facilitate easy accessibility to information by different patrons.

Therefore, it will be pertinent to note that the primary aim of academic library is to

provide basic resources and services in satisfying it users.

According to Ifidon and Ifidon (2007) the success of any library quality assurance

program is mainly determined by the satisfaction of the users with the library services.

This means that librarians must know who their users are and what they want. Thus to

effectively achieve this, libraries need to integrate the use of information and

communication technology (ICT) to improve their services for the purpose of meeting

their diverse needs of their patrons. Hence, Information and Communication Technology

(ICT) application are potentially vital in all aspect of librarianship in the provision of

relevant resources and services for the satisfaction of the users.

In addition, Nnadozie (2007) pointed out that library operations in different epochs have

always depended on various information technologies. These information handling tools

refers to device which libraries, other bibliographical agencies and information manager

use in their operations and services. According to her, the first remarkable change in

information knowledge packaging occurred with the invention of printing. However, the

xiii
 emergence of information and communication technology (ICT) in the 20 th century has

radically altered the way people live, communicate, seek information and transact

business. Library operations and information services have also experienced the effect of

this change as the clientele now demand assistance different from the paper- based

services associated with orthodox librarianship.

Information and communication technology (ICT) facilities therefore present

opportunities for dissemination of information through text, sound and image.

Furthermore, ICT facilities make it possible for libraries to carry out their routine tasks

and services via electronic document delivery outsourcing device of the virtual and

digital libraries. Today, the pace of technological inventions and diverse forms of

information presentation have pressurized a greater percentage of Nigeria polytechnic

libraries to use the computers networks and other related technologies in the provision of

library and information services.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The application of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to library services

in academic libraries could provide effective means of providing timely, accurate and

efficient information services to satisfy the information needs of the users. However,

preliminary investigation by the researcher in Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa library

revealed that the use of ICT may not have brought the expected satisfaction for the users.

This might be as a result of epileptic power supply, inadequate ICT facilities, and

inadequate funds among other factors. It is based on this that the researchers what to find

out the impact of ICT facilities on undergraduate students in Federal Polytechnic

Libraries in North Central Zone, Nigeria using Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa as a case

study.
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1.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

Based on the specific objectives outlined above the following research questions were

formulated for the study

1. What is the extent of availability of ICT facilities in Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa

library?

2. To what extent are the undergraduate students’ satisfied with the ICT facilities in

Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa library?

3. How do ICT facilities have impact on undergraduate students in Federal Polytechnic

Nasarawa library?

4. How does undergraduate students’ access ICT facilities in the Federal Polytechnic

Nasarawa library?

5. What are the problems affecting the use of ICT facilities in the library service?

1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The general objective of this study is to examine the impact of information and

communication technology (ICT) facilities on undergraduate students in federal

polytechnic libraries in north central zone, Nigeria. However, the study seeks to achieve

the following specific objectives.

1. To find out the extent of availability of information and communication technology

(ICT) facilities in Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa library.

2. To find out the extent of undergraduate students’ satisfactionwith the ICT facilities in

Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa library.

3. To examine the impact of ICT facilities on undergraduate students’ in Federal

Polytechnic Nasarawa library.

xv
 4. To find out the accessibility of ICT facilities by undergraduate students in the library.

5. To find out the problems affecting the use of ICT facilities in the library services.

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study seeks to examine the impact of information and communication technology

(ICT) facilities on undergraduate students’ federal polytechnic libraries in academic

libraries. Thus, a research of this magnitude will be of great significance to the academic

library management, the management of the parent institution, library users and the

government.

To the management of academic libraries, the study will highlight the need for academic

library to integrate the use of ICT facilities in providing adequate service to its users.

To the management of the parent institution, the study will reiterate the need for the

provision of adequate and sufficient budgetary allocation to the library for the

procurement of ICT facilities for improved service delivery.

To the library user, the study will also highlight the need for library users to effectively

utilize ICT resources and facilities in their information knowledge needs. The study will

also bring to limelight the need for government to make adequate provision and

allocation of funds to polytechnics especially for the acquisition of ICT facilities in the

institutions.

The study will be of greater benefit to other researcher carrying out similar studies in

related field. The study will also add to the existing literature on the impact of

information and communication technology (ICT) facilities on undergraduate students’ in

federal polytechnic libraries in north central zone, Nigeria.

xvi
1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This study focuses its investigation on the impact of ICT facilities on undergraduate

students in Polytechnic Libraries in North Zone, Nigeria. The study will center its focus

on the Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa Library.

1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS

Academic libraries: A kind of library established and maintained in institutions of

higher learning such as universities, polytechnics, colleges of education etc, that supports

teaching and learning.

Information and Communication Technology (ICT):This is defined as a “device set

create, disseminate, store and manage information.

Users: categories of people that patronize the academic library such as student, academic

and non- academic staff for their information need.

xvii
 REFERENCE

Adetimirin, A.E. (2009) Use of Internet by Information Professionals in Some Selected

Polytechnic Libraries in South West Nigeria. The Information Technologist, 6 (1) 9

Dike, P.U. (2010) Availability and Utilization of ICT for information Services retrieved in the
Federal University of Technology Library, Minna, Niger State. Nigerbiblios, 22 (1&2), 1 –
7

Hussain, A., Khan, M.A., and Zaidi, N.F.(2013). The ICT based Library and Information
Services: a case study of B-schools in Delhi and NCR region. Library and Information
Science Common, 2 -4

Ifidon, S.E., and Ifidon, E.I. (2007).New Directions in African Library Management. Ibadan:
Spectrum Books Limited, 93

Kalulu, U.C. (2012). Utilization of Information Technology for Information Services in Owerri
Municipality Information Centers. Nigeria Library and Information Science Trends, 3
(1&2) 43 – 47

Nnadozie, C.O. (2007). Current Trends in ICT Availability and Use in Government – Owned
Polytechnic Libraries in South Eastern Nigeria. Information Technologist, 4 (2) 40

xviii
 CHAPTER TWO

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter carries out a review on related literature from various authors and scholars

relating to the influence of ICT facilities in academic libraries. The various literatures

were reviewed under the following sub-headings:

Conceptual framework

Influence of ICT facilities in academic libraries

Availability of ICT facilities for in academic libraries

Accessibility of ICT facilities by users in the academic libraries

Problems affecting the use of ICT facilities in academic libraries

2.2 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Prytherch (2005) define academic libraries as libraries in educational establishment at

any level-universities, colleges, polytechnics etc. Umunnakwe and onyebinama (2007)

viewed academic library as library that is situated in institution of higher learning. This is

to say that, any library attached to a post-secondary or tertiary institution can be

described as an academic library. In other word, academic library exist in institution of

higher education such as the universities, the colleges of education, the college of

technology and the polytechnics. Authors mentioned that academic library is an essential

agent in the pursuit of academic excellence in higher institution. It primary goal is to

support the objective of the host institution, which is concerned with learning, teaching,

research and service.

xix
Omagbemi et al (2006) described academic libraries as central academic laboratory or a

dispensary of knowledge. They stated that libraries exist as central academic organs in

various universities and none can fully operate without an adequate one. The academic

library is thus a very pertinent sector of any academic institution and its prime obligation

is to offer appropriate information materials for teaching, learning and research.Thus,

academic libraries are libraries that cater for the teaching, learning, research and

recreational desires of students, lecturers and non- academic staff in institution of higher

learning and particularly in universities.

Nnadozie (2007) defined ICT as the set of technologies that is transforming the

management of information and embodying a merging of interest between electronics,

computing and communication. It is also the electronic ways of capturing, processing,

storing and disseminating information. Fagbami and Ogunjobi (2009) defined

information and communication technology (ICT) as an umbrella term that comprises all

technology for the handling and communication of information. It incorporates any

medium to record information (tape, magnetic disk, optical disk (CD/DVD) flash, and

paper record) technology for the dissemination of information radio, television and

technology for communicating via voice and sound or images microphone, camera,

loudspeaker, telephone to cellular phone. It includes the wide variety of computing

hardware (Desktop computer, laptops, server, mainframe, networked storage.

Also, Prytherch (2005) viewed information and communication technology (ICT) as the

convergence of computing hardware and software with the abilities of communication

networks that offers new chances for teaching, learning and training through the delivery

of digital content. Adetimirin (2007) submits that ICT facilities communication between

xx
teachers and students and that the implementation and the use of ICTs could ease access

to boundless and recent information resources. ICT is thus, considered useful to the

breaking of the geographical boundaries and as such provide chance to link the

knowledge gap among students, lecturers, and researchers in the developing world and

their counterpart in developed countries. Similarly, Gambari and Ohike-Okoli (2007)

described information and communication technology (ICT) as computer based tools

used by individuals to work with the information and communication processing

necessities of an organization. It includes the computer hardware and software, the

network and some other devices (video, audio, photography camera etc.) that transform

information (text) images, sound motion and so on into common digital form. Moreso,

Anasi (2005) define ICT as all those technologies that allow the handling of information

and facilities, diverse methods of communication among human actors between human

beings and electronic systems and among electronic systems.Odufuwa (2006) described

information and communication technology (ICT) as a variety of technologies for

gathering, storing, retrieving, processing, analyzing and transmitting information.

From the earlier therefore it can be concluded that, ICT is a concept that shaped

information storage and retrieval processes in the libraries, information Center, business,

schools, offices, homes etc. ICT has invaded different part of our society. Information

and communication technology is observed as a combination of computer and

telecommunication systems to advance the value of research, teaching learning and

communication through its gathering, processing storing connecting analyzing data,

functions and dissemination of information.

xxi
2.3 IMPACT OF ICT FACILITIES ON UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS

Today, the paces of technology innovations and different forms of information

presentation have pressurised a greater percentage of Nigerian polytechnic libraries to use

computer network and other related technology in the provision of library and

information services. This is in line with Nkanu (2007) portrays the information users as

having information needs which have to be satisfied through available information

sources. These information sources other than printed materials are ICT facilities, and the

type to be used has to do with decision-making. Nnadozie (2007) stated that the benefits

of ICT in information handling and library services includes speedy, easy and distant

access to information; round the clock access to database; provision of more up- to date

information , and reformatting and combination of data from diverse sources. In a similar

report, Okere (2005) explained that the advantages derivable from the use of information

and communication technology (ICT) in library processes includes increased

productivity, easy documentation, network enhancement and control of record

management and retrieval and general user satisfaction.

It is also interesting to note that library and information scientist have now given due

attention to ICT utilization as the engine room of development and single most pertinent

technology that would drive the 21st century polytechnic libraries in Nigeria.Akor (2012)

stated that polytechnic libraries in Nigeria naturally show different phases of

development in their structure and formation services delivery to their client in order to

meet the millennium development target in the area of ICT as enunciated in West African

information system (WAIS) agenda. He further mentioned that availability and utilization

of ICT facilities means the user having first, knowledge of the ICT tools/facilities and

xxii
 nature of services provided by a given library only after these can the user take full

advantage of the facilities in order to enrich his/her knowledge and to meet the desired

information needs

Utulu (2008) reiterate that the victory of a library as an instrument of learning is

determined by the success with which it is able to offer the user with appropriate

information. Traditionally the libraries effectiveness was measured in relation to

extensiveness and balance of, the adequacy of acquisition, cataloguing etc. Nknanu

(2007) also mentioned that there collection is no doubt that the introduction and use of

ICT has conveyed demonstrable advantage to academic libraries with their users

possibly, the most dramatic have been those resulting from the provision of facilities for

electronic journals, which have enable patrons to access up to date and archival journal

publication promptly and become mindful of otherwise unknown publication sources.

The author indicated that it is the main approach that users of the library are kept

conversant with current research output. The convergence of e- resources and e-mail has

also made the identification and location of items more efficient and document delivery

quickly.

However, Ifidon and Ifidon (2007) mentioned that ICT has also bring about improvement

in the value of services presented to them, there has been a great development in the

quality and delivery of services to clients since 1996 when ICT was introduce in

academic libraries in satisfying user’s needs.

2.4 AVAILABILITY OF ICT FACILITIES IN ACADEMIC LIBRARIES

The revolution in information technology (IT) has made great impact in all fields of

knowledge and the field of library and information science is not exempted. It has now

xxiii
become clear that any aspect of library operation in universities libraries is not devoid

completely of the use computers and associated telecommunication facilities in providing

information services.

Nkanu (2007) stated that the polytechnic libraries are set up to offer information service

in support of research and teaching. He mentioned further that how well Nigerian

polytechnic libraries are able to realize the objective depends on the type of the functional

ICT facilities available for use in universities libraries in satisfying user’s needs.

Ukachi (2008) also observed that libraries before now have tried to share resources, try to

get current information and attempted to enhance the dissemination of information

services but all effort became in vain because of inadequate availability of information

and communication technology at the time. He further mentioned that the advent of ICT

facilities and other telecommunication facilities now ushers new pathway to library and

give a new aspect to the traditional service of the library.

It is not surprising to note in this study that ICT facilities such as computer, microfilms

microfiche, photocopiers, internet, CD- ROM database, printer, videotapes, audiotapes

etc. are mostly available in the Nigeria universities libraries.

In addition, Omoniyi and Akinboro (2009) stated that information and communication

technology (ICT) is regarded as the most effective forces that are shaping the twenty-

first century because it helps the individuals, institution and society to achieve greater

access to and utilization of information and knowledge. They further added that ICT is a

new device that libraries in the advanced countries use and which libraries in the

developing nations can adopt to make library and information services available to the

library users. According to Uhegbu and Igwe (2006) the acquisition and availability of

xxiv
ICT in the library is essentially to serve as a communication tool for library practice since

information can be retrieved and communicated to library clientele more efficiently in an

ICT environment.

Moreover, Utulu (2008) opined that academic libraries, being the primary hub in the

network of information provision for polytechnic students, researchers, lecturers,

management and other privilege users have continuously invested heavily on the

procurement, maintenance and management of ICT facilities such as computer, printer,

CD-ROM, internet etc. which are given the mandate to support researchers working in

’’organizations that are primarily engage in systematic and scientific investigation with a

view to discovering new facts’’ with accurate, timely and relevant information. However,

many scholars have written on ICT availability and usage in academic libraries.

Odufuwa (2006) stated that academic libraries are always regarded as the power house of

knowledge in citadels of learning before now according to him, to underrate the academic

library is synonymous with failure in the institution of higher learning. But with the

advent and merger of information and communication technology (ICT) is gradually

depriving academic libraries this monopoly of information custody.

Therefore, to remain relevant in the competitive information market according to Adebisi

(2009) academic libraries must make available adequate information and communication

technology (ICT) of which is for acquisition, processing and dissemination of

information. In 2000 the availability and use of ICT in academic libraries advanced to

other application and service.

Nnadozie (2007) stated that library operations, in different epochs have always depended

on various information technologies available. He further mentioned that these

xxv
 information handling tools are the device which libraries, other bibliographical agencies

and information manager use in their operations and services.

2.5 ACCESSIBILITY OF ICT FACILITIES BY USERS IN ACADEMIC LIBRARIES

Different types of information and communication technology (ICT) facilities are in use

in academic libraries for the purpose of capturing, processing, storage, retrieval and

dissemination of information. According to Anasi (2005) such ICT facilities like cellular

phones, computers and network hardware and software, and satellite are mostly accessed

and used in academic libraries. Also Edom(2007) posited that such ICT facilities like

duplicating machines, projectors, staples, cutters, perforators, telephone, radio and

television sets are regarded as low level information and communication technology

facilities.

Be that as it may, both the low and high level of ICT facilities through one way or the

other facilitate information sourcing, gathering, processing, storage, preservation,

retrieval and dissemination because of the efficiency of the use of ICT facilities in library

work general many academic libraries have subscribed to its use in their function and

service. This is why Ekonget al (2005) stressed that academic libraries being the life

blood of higher education now use ICT facilities to transform their service unit, provide

electronic catalogue, on-line public access catalogue, electronic acquisition and serial

control; electronic inter library loan and electronic circulation function.

While studied by Nwigwe (2005) revealed that computer and its peripherals are the most

commonly use ICT facilities. On the reason why library users utilize ICT facilities to

source for and retrieve information, Adedeji, Longe and Fabunmi (2005) submitted that it

could be because ICT facilities ensure speed, efficiency and accurate record keeping and

xxvi
 overall users’ satisfaction. The world is rapidly becoming a global village, as an outcome

of development in information and communication technology (ICT). The challenge of

integrating information and communication technology (ICT) into academic libraries is a

very big task Gambari and Chike-Okoli (2007) asserts that it is obvious that there is

limited accessibility and utilization ICT in most of educational system. According to

them, most academic institution do not have the necessary information and

communication technology (ICT) facilities for research.

However, Nwigwe (2005) revealed that many academic libraries now are integrating the

library service with information and communication technology (ICT) which are mostly

made available and accessible research purpose. Most academic library users use the

information and communication technology (ICT) facilities provided in the libraries to

access online information sources and also their academic researches.

2.6 PROBLEMS AFFECTING THE USE OF ICT FACILITIES IN ACADEMIC

LIBRARIES

The use of information and communication technology (ICT) facilities by users in

academic libraries have it peculiar problems. This is because in Nigeria, the ICT

infrastructure is poorly developed. Also, Adedeji, Longe and Fabunmi (2005) observed

that other problems affecting use of ICT in academic libraries include poor infrastructure

and limited computer literacy. This means that most majority of academic library users

are not proficient in the use of new technology to source and retrieve information.

Research result by Ajala (2007) revealed that in spite of the tremendous benefits of ICT,

it use among library users in academic libraries is still very low because of lack of access

to the facilities and the need for training.

xxvii
 Similarly, Odufuwa (2006) mentioned that the major problems hindering the utilization

of ICT in academic libraries includes inadequate information and communication

technology (ICT) facilities in the academic libraries , lack of access to the facilities,

inadequate computer skills and competencies by users, inadequate power supply and lack

of electronic research skills among others. Nnadozie (2007) mentioned further that the

use of ICT in libraries has raised a number of challenges which include the following:

i. Changing role of libraries and librarians: more and more library users are using digital

technologies and have access to global information resources via the web, unfortunately

the huge amount of information available on the web is generally overwhelming

information users further, and a large number of web users are still not able to use the

web efficiently.

ii. Funding for libraries: Due to severe budget cuts and high prices of books and journals

subscription, libraries faced with no options.

Achebe (2008) outlined the following as the major problems affecting the use of ICT in

academic libraries:

i. Cost of internet use connectivity: in a developing country like Nigeria where student are

used to system where library use is free, charging fee for the ICT services may be

problematic.

ii. Poor infrastructure: the cost of the internet may be compounded by enormity of fund

needed to establish and maintain the ICT infrastructure, especially in a country where

ICT infrastructure is poorly developed.

iii. Low ICT skills: many student do not have ICT skills to use the computer and surf the

web

xxviii
iv. Poor information literacy skills: many students do not have information literacy skills to

assist them to understand and use various information sources.

v. Inadequate manpower: experts in ICT are few in academic. Libraries as a result,

employment of expert is still low, resulting in institution having low level manpower in

the area.

vi. Poor maintenance culture: Achebe (2008) stated that there is a low maintenance culture.

They lack experience of regular system check to detect fault as timely as possible.

Because the technicians lack this culture, they wait until the equipment break down to the

level of no repair which in variably affects the system and halts any progress made in

computer application in the execution of job.

Ankpa and Abba (2009) further mentioned that an ICT tool sorely depends on electricity

power supply for functionality and operative performance. In Nigeria, irregular and

repeated power outrage, inconsistent and epileptic with an everlasting sign of upgrading

is posing a serious threat to polytechnic libraries. Nnadozie (2007) reveals that

community power supply is undependable and the alternate is expensive and out of the

reach of these poorly funded universities libraries.

xxix
 REFERENCES

Achebe, N. (2008) Library and Information Literacy for higher education. Enugu: The Nigerian
Library Association,

Adebisi, O.L. (2009) Application of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to

Library Services.

Adedeji, B., Longe, B.O. and Fabunmi, B.A. (2005) Attitude of Librarian to the use of
Computerized information Systems in Kenneth Dike Library, Polytechnic of Ibadan,
Ibadan Nigeria. The information technologist, 2 (2) 29 – 44

Adetimirin, A.E. (2009) Use of Internet by Information Professionals in Some Selected

Polytechnic Libraries in South West Nigeria. The Information Technologist, 6 (1) 9

Ajala, I. O, (2007) Internet Awareness, Accessibility and use by undergraduate and postgraduate
students in Nigeria universities.The Information Technologist, 4(2) 147.

Akor, P.U. (2012) Availability and Utilization of ICT for information Services retrieved in the
Federal Polytechnic of Technology Library, Minna, Niger State. Nigerbiblios, 22 (1&2), 1
–7

Amkpa, S. A and Abba, Tukur(2009) factors inhibiting the implementation of information and
communication technologist (ICTs) in Nigeria polytechnic. The information Technologist,
6 (1) June, 2009.33-38

Anasi, S.N.I. (2005). An Assessment of the Problems of the use of ICT Facilities in information
Sourcing and Retrieved by the Academic Staff in Nigerian Universities Library Service in
Ibadan: The Information Technologist, 2 (2) 56 – 70

Edom, B.O. (2007).An assessment of the Problems of the Use of ICT facilities in Information
and Sourcing and Retrieved by the Academic Staff in Nigerian Universities.The
Information Technologist, 4 (2), 166

Ekong, V.E., Igwe, U.O. and Ekong, U.O. (2005).Advancing the role of ICT in Nigeria
Polytechnic Libraries.TheInformation Technologist, 2(2) 96 – 105

Fagbami, O.O. and Ogunjobi, T.E. (2009). Availability and use of Information Communication
Technologies (ICT) facilities in Agricultural Research Institutes and Information Centers in
Ibadan, Nigeria: Problems and prospects. The Information Technologist, 6 (1), 18

Gambari, A.I., and Chike – Okoli, Adaeze (2007). Availability and Utilization of Information
and Communication Technology (ICT) facilities in higher Institutions in Niger state,
Nigeria. The Information technologist, 4 (1), 34- 37

xxx
Hussain, A., Khan, M.A., and Zaidi, N.F.(2013). The ICT based Library and Information
Services: a case study of B-schools in Delhi and NCR region. Library and Information
Science Common, 2 -4

Ifidon, S.E., and Ifidon, E.I. (2007).New Directions in African Library Management. Ibadan:
Spectrum Books Limited, 93

Nkanu, W.O. (2007). Availability and Utilization of Information and Communication

Technology (ICT) facilities in Nigerian Polytechnic Libraries. In The Information
Technologists, 4 (2), 61 – 62

Nnadozie, C.O. (2007). Current Trends in ICT Availability and Use in Government – Owned
Polytechnic Libraries in South Eastern Nigeria. Information Technologist, 4 (2) 40

Nwigwe, U.C. (2005). Utilization of Information Technology for Information Services in Owerri
Municipality Information Centers. Nigeria Library and Information Science Trends, 3
(1&2) 43 – 47

Obajemu, A., Ogunyade, T.O. and Nwoye, E. (2004) Assessment of CD – Rom usage in
academic and research Libraries in Nigeria: a case study. The Information Technologist. 1
(1&2): 17 - 24

Odufuwa, S. (2006) Information and Communication Technology (ICT) as a research tool in

Libraries. Nigerbiblios, 17 (1&2) Jan – Dec.100

Okore, A.M. (2005) The challenge of information and Communication technology (ICT) for
Nigeria. Academic Libraries.Global Review of Library and Information Science, 1 (1), 84 –
93

Okoye, M. O (2007) Assessments of the use of Information and Communication Technology in

Nigeria Polytechnic libraries. Coal City Libraries, 5&6, 21-22

Omagbemi, C.O., Obunewu, A.O. and OshinaikeA.B. (2006) Information needs of

undergraduate students of the OlabisiOnabanjo Polytechnic, Nigeria.Journal of Education
Fows. 7, 87-100

Omoniyi, J.O. and Akinboro, E.O. (2009) Repositioning Librarianship Education and Practice
for ICT challenges in Nigerian Polytechnic Libraries.The Information Technologist, 6 (1),
46.

Prytherch, R. (2005) Harrod’s Librarians Glossary and Reference Books, Tenth edition. England:
Ashgate Publishing Limited.

Uhegbu, A.N. and Igwe, I.K. (2006) ICT and the millennium Development Goals.The
Information Technologist: An International Journal of ICT, 3 (2), 97 – 98

Umunnakwe, G.c. and Onyebinama, C.O. (2007) Academic Library Services in Imo state: The
challenge so far, InInformation Technologist, 4 (2), 163

xxxi
 CHAPTER THREE

3.0 METHODOLOGY

This chapter describes the various procedures, processes and step adopted and applied in

the research in the collection of relevant data for the study. The various methodologies

used are described under the following headings:

i. Research Design Utilized

ii. Research Population

iii. Sample Size and Sampling Technique of the Study Area

iv. Sample Size of the Respondent and Sampling Technique

v. Research Instrument Used

vi. Administration of the Instrument

vii. Method of Data Collection

viii. Data Analysis Technique

3.1 RESEARCH TECHNIQUE UTILIZED

This study adopted descriptive survey design. The descriptive survey involves the

collection and description of the features of a data on a given population in a systematic

manner (Nworgu, 2006). It uses data from a sample of the population to make inferences

on the entire population. Survey research design is people-oriented, and according to

Osuala (2011), it seeks for vital information on people such as their needs, perceptions,

opinion, attitude, motivations, and behaviour. The data and findings from survey method

are generally consistent notwithstanding the large variety of circumstances and

experience that surround them (Uzo, 2009).

xxxii
3.2 RESEARCH POPULATION

Population in research according to Udeh, (2001) is all members of a specified group to

which the investigation relates. The population for this study is fifteen thousand five

hundred and seventeen (15,517) which comprises of fifteen thousand (15,000) students

and five hundred and seventeen (517) academic staff of Federal Polytechnic, Nasarawa.

3.3 SAMPLING TECHNIQUE OF THE STUDY AREA

According to Udeh, (20011) sample refers to the group of items to which the study relates

(i.e. the population) or it is a smaller group of elements drawn through a definite

procedure from a specified population. While sampling technique according to Udeh,

(2001) is a plan specifying how elements will be drawn from the population.

A simple random technique was used in this research; this was to enable the researchers

to collect options from the respondents. This method was utilized because it gives equal

chance to the variables of the study to be selected or not.

3.4 SAMPLE SIZE OF THE RESPONDENT AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

The sample size of one thousand five hundred and fifty-one (1551) students which

comprises of five hundred seventeen (517) academic staff were chosen randomly to

represent the entire population. The academic staff present in the library and

undergraduate students who were using the library at the time of the research were

considered.

xxxiii
 Table 3.3: Sample Size
Category Number
Staff 517
Student 1551
Total 2068
Source: Field Survey, 2018

3.5 RESEARCH INSTRUMENT UTILIZED

The instrument used for the collecting data for this study is the questionnaire. The choice

of a questionnaire in instrument is to allow the researcher to obtain relevant data from

respondents that is efficient for effective conduct of the study. The questionnaire

instrument is structured and prepared in two (2) sections for the library user to respond to.

Section A of the questionnaire contains questions relating to bio-data of respondent such

as status, age, gender etc., while section B of the questionnaire contains question relating

to the impact of information and communication technology (ICT) facilities on

undergraduate students.

The questionnaire instrument used in this research was validated by the project supervisor

who took time to look into the structure and content of the questionnaire, and carried out

necessary corrections and amendments in order to make the questionnaire instrument

valid for the study.

3.6 ADMINISTRATION OF RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

The questionnaires were administered and collected by the researchers without any

assistance. That is, the researchers distributed the instruments to the respondents without

the aid of any assistance.

xxxiv
3.7 DATA ANALYSIS TECHNIQUE

The use of tables and simple percentages were adopted in order to analyze data collected

for the study(Busha& Charta, 2009). Responses were tabulated and analyzed according to

their percentages. Under each table, the result of the analysis is shown.

xxxv
 REFERENCES
Ajayi, F. Q. (2009). Research: A Practical Guide. Osogbo. Lover of My Soul

Branch, J.L. (2013). Survey Research. International Journal of Research and Scientific
Discoveries. 85 (5): 140 – 156.

Bushel, C.H. (2015). Research Method in Librarianship; Techniques and Interpretation.New

York, Academic Press p.55.

Busha, H. and Charta, U. (2009). Research Methodology. The International Information and
Library Review, 25(1): 85-91.

Ifeanyi, O. (2015). What is population in research work? African Journal of Academic

Librarianship.

Kala, U. (2000). Research Methodology. The International Information and Library Review,
25(1): 85-91.

Nworgu, C. (2011). Research Methodology. 3rd edition. Lagos, University Press.

Ofo, R. (2014). Writing a good research work. Journal Writing in Adult Education (New
Directions for Adult and Continuing Education No. 90 pp,19-20). San Fransisco Jossey-
Bass.

Onoja, A. (2013). Basic Techniques, New South Wales Studies, Charles University. P. 265-268.

Umar, A. (2015). All you need to know about research work: A third world Perspective. IFLA
Journal.

xxxvi
 CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

This chapter present analyses and discusses the data collected in line with the research

question in order to provide result to the questions. Data collected through the instrument

described in chapter three were analysed using tables and simple percentages Findings

were presented and discussed with view to making and drawing conclusions from the

study.

4.1 RESPONSE RATE

Table 1:Response rate

Library users No. of No. of Percentage%
questionnaire questionnaire
administered returned
Academic staff 517 507 25%
Students 1551 1513 75%
Total 2068 2020 100%
Source: Field Survey, 2018.
Table 1 shows that a total of 2068 copies of questionnaire were distributed and 2020

were dully completed and returned and the remaining 48 were either not properly filled

or are misplaced. This however shows a 98 percent questionnaire return rate.

Table 3: Status of Respondents.

Status Frequency Percentage%
Academic staff 507 25%
Students 1513 75%
Total 2020 100%
Source: Field Survey, 2018.
Table 3 indicated that 507 (25%) of the total respondents are academic staff and 1513

(75%) of the total population are students.

xxxvii
4.2 AVAILABILITY OF ICT FACILITIES

This section seeks to analyse data collected with respect to the research questions raised

in the study, which are analysed and discussed below.

Table 5: What are the ICT facilities used in the library?

Facilities Frequency Percentage %
Computers 1440 71%
Internet service 313 15%
Online public access catalogue 47 2%
Scanner 150 7%
Photocopier 50 2%
Others 20 1
Total 2020 100
Source: Field Survey, 2018.
Table 5 shows that 1440 (71%) of the respondents indicates that computers are used in

the library, 313(15%) of the respondents indicated the use of internet services, 47 (2%)

shows that online public access catalogue (OPAC) is used in the library, 150 (7%) of the

respondents indicated that scanner are used in the library, while 50 (20%) of the

population indicated the use of photocopiers.

Table 6: Are these facilities accessible to users in the library?

Options Frequency Percentage%
Yes 1865 92%
No 155 8%
Total 2020 100%
Source: Field Survey, 2018.
Table 6 above shows that out of the total number of respondents, 1865 (92%) of the

population agree that the ICT facilities are accessible to users in the library, while 155

(8%) of the population do not agree to this item

Table 7: Do users make effective use of these facilities in the library?

Options Frequency Percentage%
Yes 2000 99%
No 20 1%
Total 2020 100%
Source: Field Survey, 2018.

xxxviii
Table 7 shows that 2000 (99%) of the total population indicated that users make

effectively use of the facilities in the library and 20 (1%) of the population indicated that

users do not make effectively use of the facilities in the library. This implies that users

make effective use of the ICT facilities in the library.

Table 8: Are these facilities effective in meeting the information needs of the
library?
Options Frequency Percentage%
Yes 1970 98%
No 50 2%
Total 2020 100%
Source: Field Survey, 2018.
Table 8 shows that 1970 (98%) of the respondents indicates that the facilities are

effective in meeting the information needs of the library users, and 50 (2%) of the

population indicates that the facilities are not effective in meeting the information needs

of the library users.

Table 9: Does the library have consideration for undergraduate students’

satisfaction?
Options Frequency Percentage%
Yes 1555 77%
No 465 23%
Total 2020 100%
Source: Field Survey, 2018.
Table 9 shows that 1555 (77%) of the respondents agree that the library has

consideration for users’ satisfaction, while 465 (23%) do not agree.

Table 10: Do users get the desired satisfaction from the use of the library?
Options Frequency Percentage%
Yes 1950 97%
No 70 3%
Total 2020 100%
Source: Field Survey, 2018.

xxxix
Table 10 above indicated that 1950 (97%) of the respondents agree that users get the

desired satisfaction from the use of the library, while 70 (3%) of the respondents do not

agree.

Table11: To what extent do the users get maximum satisfaction in the library?
Options Frequency Percentage%
High 1650 81%
Moderate 250 13%
Low 120 6%
Total 2020 100%
Source: Field Survey, 2018.
Table 11 above shows that 1650 (81%) of the respondents indicated high satisfaction,

250 (13%) of the total respondents indicated moderate and 120 (6%) of the respondents

indicated low satisfaction by the users in the library.

Table 12: Does the library meet the information need of the users for maximum
satisfaction?
Options Frequency Percentage
Yes 1760 87%
No 260 13%
Total 2020 100%
Source: Field Survey, 2018.
The analysis in the table 8 shows that 1760 (87%) of the respondents agree that the

library meet the information needs of its users for maximum satisfaction, while 260

(13%) of the respondents do not agree.

Table 13: Are there ICT facilities in FPN Library?

Options Frequency Percentage%
Yes 2020 100%
No - -
Total 2020 100%
Source: Field Survey, 2018.
Table 13 shows that all the 2020 respondents representing a 100% response agree that
there are ICT facilities in FPN library.

xl
 Table14: Does the library integrate the use of ICT facilities in its operations?
Options Frequency Percentage%
Yes 1888 93%
No 132 7%
Total 2020 100%
Source: Field Survey, 2018.
Table 14 shows that out of the total number of respondents 1888 (93%) agree that the

library integrate the use of ICT facilities in its operation and 132 (7%) do not agree to

this questionnaire item.

4.3 IMPACT OF ICT FACILITIES ON UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS

Table15: What impact does the ICT facilities have on undergraduate students?
Options Frequency Percentage%
Provide easy access to 1544 76%
information.
Facilitate quick information 367 18%
retrieval
Saves access and retrieval 95 5%
time of the users
Improves the information 14 1%
search skills of users.
Total 2020 100%
Source: Field Survey, 2018.
Table 15 shows that 1544 (76%) of the respondents indicated that ICT provide easy

access to information, 367 (18%) of the respondents indicated that ICT facilities quick

information retrieval, 95 (5%) of respondents shows that ICT saves access and retrieval

time of the users, and 14 (1%) indicated that ICT improves the information search skills

of users.

Table16: Does the use of library correlate to undergraduate students’ satisfaction

in the library?
Options Frequency Percentage
Yes 1760 87%
No 260 13%
Total 2020 100%
Source: Field Survey, 2018.

xli
 Table 12 shows that 1760 (87%) of the respondents indicated that the use of ICT

correlate to undergraduate students’ satisfaction in the library, while 260 (13%) of the

respondents do not agree to this item.

4.4 ACCESS ICT FACILITIES IN THE LIBRARY

Table17:Does users access the available ICT facilities in the library?

Options Frequency Percentage%
Yes 1266 63%
No 754 37%
Total 2020 100%
Source: Field Survey, 2018.
Table 17 show that out of the total population, 1266 (63) indicated that users access the

available ICT facilities in the library, while 754 (37%) of the population do not agree to

this item.

Table 18: Does access and use of ICT facilities influence user’s satisfaction in the
library?
Options Frequency Percentage%
Yes 1716 85%
No 304 15%
Total 2020 100%
Source: Field Survey, 2018.

Table18 above shows that a total of 1716 (85%) of the population indicates that access

and use of the ICT facilities influence undergraduate students’ satisfaction in the library,

and 304 (15%) of the population do not agree that access and the use of ICT facilities

influence users’ satisfaction in the library.

Table19:To what extent do users get maximum satisfaction from the use of ICT
facilities in the library?
Options Frequency Percentage%
Very satisfied 285 14%
Satisfied 1670 83%
Not satisfied 65 3%
Total 2020 100%
Source: Field Survey, 2018.

xlii
 Table19 shows that out of the total number of respondents, 285 (14%) indicated very

satisfied, 1670 (83%) of the respondents indicated satisfied, while 65 (3%) of the

population indicates not satisfied.

Table20: Do access to these facilities increase undergraduate students’ satisfaction?

Options Frequency Percentage%
Yes 1974 98%
No 46 2%
Total 2020 100%
Source: Field Survey, 2018.
The analysis in the table 20 shows that 1974 (98%) of the population indicated that

access to ICT facilities increases maximum undergraduate students’ satisfaction, while

46 (2%) of the population do not agree.

4.5 PROBLEM AFFECTING THE USE OF ICT FACILITIES

Table21: Are there problems affecting the use of ICT facilities?

Options Frequency Percentage%
Yes 2020 100%
No - -
Total 2020 100%
Source: Field Survey, 2018.
Table 21 shows that all the 2020 respondents representing 100 percent response

indicates that there are problems affecting the use of ICT in the library.

Table22: What are the problems affecting the use of ICT in the library?
Problems Frequency Percentage%
Inadequate ICT facilities 1337 66%
Epileptic power supply 238 12%
Inadequate access to ICT 416 21%
facilities
Insufficient funding for 19 1%
maintenance
Lack of free access to ICT 10 1%
facilities
Total 2020 100%
Source: Field Survey, 2018.

xliii
 Table 22 shows that 1337 (66%) of the respondents indicates inadequate ICT facilities

as a problem 238 (12%) indicate epileptic power supply, 416 (21%) of the population

indicated inadequate access to ICT facilities, 19 (1%) indicated insufficient funding for

maintenance, and 10 (1%) of the respondents indicates lack of free access to ICT

facilities as a problem affecting the use of ICT in the library.

Table23: Does these problems hinder effective utilization of ICT facilities for
maximum users satisfaction in the library?
Options Frequency Percentage%
Yes 2000 99
No 20 1
Total 2020 100%
Source: Field Survey, 2018.
The table above shows that 2000 (99%) of the population indicate there are problems

that hinder effective utilization of ICT facilities for in the library, while 20 (1%) of the

respondents do not agree.

Table24: What are the solutions to these problems?

Solutions Frequency Percentage%
Provision of adequate 570 28%
facilities
Stable power supply 413 20%
Provide user education on 177 9%
ICT skills
Make adequate fund 795 39%
available
Allow free and easy access to 65 3%
facilities
Total 2020 100%
Source: Field Survey, 2018.
Table 24 shows that 570 (28%) of the respondents identify provision of adequate

facilities as the solution to the problem, 413 (20%) indicated stable power supply, 177

(9%) indicated the provision of user education on ICT skills 795 (39 %) indicated making

adequate fund available and 65 (%) of the respondents indicated allowing free and easy

access to facilities.

xliv
4.3 DISCUSSION OF RESEARCH FINDINGS

Based on the above data analysis the finding from the study relating to the research

questions shows that:

The findings in relation to research question 1: WHAT IS THE EXTENT OF

AVAILABILITY OF ICT FACILITIES IN FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC NASARAWA

LIBRARY? The study shows that computers, internet services and photocopier are the

major ICT facilities used in the library as indicated by the high level of response to these

items in table 5.

The findings in relation to research question 2: TO WHAT EXTENT ARE THE

UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS SATISFIED WITH THE ICT FACILITIES IN

FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC NASARAWA LIBRARY?

The library has consideration for undergraduate students’ satisfaction and also revealed

that the users get the desired satisfaction from the use of the library. The findings

revealed that the level of satisfaction of the user is moderate and that the library meets the

information needs of the user as shown in table 11 and 12.

The findings in relation to research question 3: HOW DO ICT FACILITIES HAVE

IMPACT ONUNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS’ IN FPN LIBRARY?

The study also revealed that the library integrates the use of ICT facilities in its

operations as shown by 97% of the population. The findings show that the ICT facilities

have impacton undergraduate students’ through the facilitation of quick information

retrieval and provision of easy access to information as shown in table 15.

xlv
The findings in relation to research question 4: HOW DOES UNDERGRADUATE

STUDENTS ACCESS ICT FACILITIES IN THE FPN LIBRARY?

The study also revealed that these ICT facilities are accessible to users and are effectively

utilized by user for maximum satisfaction. The finding shows that the extent to which

user get satisfaction from the use of ICT facilities in the library is satisfactory.

The findings in relation to research question 5: WHAT ARE THE PROBLEMS

AFFECTING THE USE OF ICT FACILITIES IN THE LIBRARY?

The study shows that despite the available ICT facilities in the library, there are problems

affecting the use of these facilities. The study shows that inadequate access to ICT

facilities and inadequate ICT facilities are the major problems affecting the use of ICT in

the library as shown by the responses in table 22 the study also find out that making

adequate fund available and allowing free and easy access to ICT facilities are the major

solutions to the identified problems.

xlvi
 CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 SUMMARY OF THE STUDY

This study was carried out to examine the influence of information and communication

technology (ICT) facilities on undergraduate students in federal polytechnic libraries in

north central zone, Nigeria. The study aimed at finding out whether there is impact of

ICT facilities on undergraduate students’ in the Federal polytechnic Nasarawa library,

find out the availability of information and communication technology (ICT) facilities in

the Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa library, find out the accessibility of ICT facilities in the

library and also to find out the problems affecting the use of ICT in the library service

5.2 SUMMARY OFFINDINGS

From the study, the following findings were made.

I. The study shows that there is a significant consideration for undergraduate

students’ satisfaction and users also get the desired satisfaction from the use of the

library. Based on the response from the study, it was revealed that the library is

meeting the information needs of the users for maximum undergraduate students’

satisfaction.

II. The studies also found out that the library did not only make ICT facilities

available but also integrated its use in its day-to-day operations and services. The

availability and use of the information and communication technology (ICT)

facilities influence undergraduate students’ satisfaction in the library by

facilitating quick information retrieval and provision of easy access to

information.

xlvii
 III. The major ICT facilities mostly used in the library includes computers, internet

service, photocopiers and scanners etc. These facilities are also made accessible to

users who made effective use of the facilities in the library.

IV. The study shows that access and use of these facilities influence undergraduate

students’ satisfaction in the library.

V. Inadequate access to ICT facilities and inadequate provision of ICT facilities are

identified as the major problems affecting the use of ICT in the library.

VI. The study also shows that making adequate fund available and allowing free and

easy access to facilities among others are the major solutions to the identified

problems

5.3 CONCLUSION

Academic libraries have a large population of users who demand a variety of services to

meet their teaching, learning and research needs of the users. The libraries are known to

be inadequate funded and staffed and yet are expected to meet the user needs in this era

of globalization and information explosion. Thus, the need for the provision and

utilization of information and communication technology (ICT) facilities by academic

libraries become paramount in satisfying user’s needs. Therefore, it is concluded that

information and communication technology (ICT) facilities are important tools in the

libraries that its access and utilization influence maximum undergraduate students’

satisfaction and also increase effective service delivery in meeting the information needs

of the users.

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5.4 RECOMMENDATIONS

Based on the findings made in this study, the following recommendations are given:

1. Academic libraries should make adequate fund available for the provision of ICT

facilities in their libraries

2. The libraries must make these facilities accessible to users for maximum

undergraduate students’ satisfaction

3. The libraries should adequately integrate the use of information and communication

technology (ICT) in its operations for improved service delivery

4. Adequate fund should be made available by the government for academic libraries to

acquire adequate information and communication technology (ICT) facilities in order

to meet the information needs of the library users

5. The library should provide user education on ICT skills to enlighten the user on how

best to make use of the ICT facilities in the library

xlix
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Ifidon, S.E., and Ifidon, E.I. (2007).New Directions in African Library Management. Ibadan:
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li
 APPENDIX
Department of Library and
Information Science,
School of Technology,
Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa
NasarawaState.
15th August, 2018.
Dear respondent,
LETTER OF INTRODUCTION

We are final year undergraduate students of the above institution carrying out a research work on
“The Impact of ICT Facilities on Undergraduate Students in Federal Polytechnic Libraries in
North Central Zone, Nigeria: A Case of Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa”, your kind response to
this questionnaire will assist the researchers to carry out this study successfully. However, the
information you may supply in this questionnaire will be treated with strict confidence and shall
be used for the purpose of this research alone

Thank you very much for your cooperation

Yours faithfully,

Lawrence Nicholas Anwan

Reg. No: LIT/1026

Hussama Ibn Ibrahim

Reg. No: LIT/1027

Godday Joseph
Reg. No: LIT/1030

lii
 APPENDIX II

QUESTIONNAIRE
INSTRUCTION: Please tick ( ) the appropriate choice or options provided
SECTION A: Demographic data
1. Gender: Male ( ) Female ( )
2. Status: Academic staff ( ) Student ( )
3. Age range: 20 – 25 ( ) 26 – 30 ( ) 31 – 35 ( ) 36 – 40 ( ) 41 – above ( )
Section B
Impact of ICT facilities on undergraduate students
Research question 1: What is the extent of availability of ICT facilities in Federal polytechnic
nasarawa library?
4. What are the ICT facilities used in the library to influence undergraduate students’
satisfaction?
a) Computers ( )
b) Internet services. ( )
c) Online public Access catalogue (OPAC) ( )
d) Scanners. ( )
e) Photocopier. ( )
f) Others ( )

5. Are these facilities accessible to users in the library

Yes ( ) No ( )
6. Do users make effective use of these facilities in the library?
Yes ( ) No ( )
7. Are these facilities effective in meeting the information needs of the library?
Yes ( ) No ( )
Research question 2: To what extent are the users satisfied in Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa
library?
8. Does the library have considerations for undergraduate students’ satisfaction?
Yes ( ) No ( )

liii
 9. Do users get the desired satisfaction from the use of the library?
Yes ( ) No ( )
10. To what extent does the users get maximum satisfaction in the library?
a) High ( )
b) Moderate ( )
c) Low ( )

8. Does the library meet the information needs of its users for maximum satisfaction?
Yes ( ) No ( )
Research question 3: how does ICT facilities influence undergraduate students’ satisfaction in
FPN library?
9. Are there ICT facilities in FPN library?
Yes ( ) No ( )
10. Does the library integrate the use of ICT facilities in its operations?
Yes ( ) No ( )
11. How does the ICT facilities influence undergraduate students’ satisfaction in the library?
a. Provide easy access to information ( )
b. Facilitate quick information retrieval ( )
c. Saves access and retrieval time of the user ( )
d. Improves the information search skills of users ( )

12. Does the use of ICT correlates to undergraduate students’ satisfaction in the library?
Yes ( ) No ( )

Research question 4: how does user access ICT facilities in the library for maximum
undergraduate students’ satisfaction
13. Does users access the available ICT facilities in the library?
Yes ( ) No ( )
17. Does access and use of ICT facilities influence undergraduate students’ satisfaction in
the library?
Yes ( ) No ( )

liv
 18. To what extent do users get maximum satisfaction from the use of ICT facilities in
the library?
a) Very satisfied ( )
b) Satisfied ( )
c) Not satisfied ( )
19. Does access to these facilities increase maximum undergraduate students’ satisfaction?
Yes ( ) No ( )
Research question 5: what are the problems affecting the use of ICT in the library for maximum
undergraduate students’ satisfaction?
20. Are there problem affecting the use of ICT for maximum undergraduate students’
satisfaction in the library?
Yes ( ) No ( )
21. What are the problems affecting the use of ICT in the library?
a. Inadequate ICT facilities ( )
b. Epileptic power supply ( )
c. Inadequate access to ICT facilities ( )
d. Lack of ICT use skills by users ( )
e. Insufficient funding for maintenance
f. Lack of free access to ICT facilities ( )
22. Do these problems hinder effective utilization of ICT facilities for maximum
undergraduate students’ satisfaction in the library?
Yes ( ) No ( )
23. What are the solutions to these problems?
a. Provision of adequate facilities ( )
b. Stable power supply ( )
c. Provision of adequate access to facilities ( )
d. Provide user education on ICT skills ( )
e. Make adequate funds available for maintenance ( )
f. Allow free and easy access to facilities ( )

lv