PATHOPHYSIOLO

GY OF
ENDOCARDITIS
BY: FRANS MALLARE BULARAN
(BSN 2-YA-7)
 RISK FACTORS:
Long-term Catheter Use, Illegal Intravenous Drug Use, Poor Dental Health, Congenital
Heart Defects, Artificial Heart Valves, Damaged Heart Valves, Older Age (Adults over
60 are most commonly affected by endocarditis)

ETIOLOGIC AGENTS:
Gram-Positive Streptococci, Staphylococci, and Enterococci Infections cause the great
majority of instances of infected endocarditis. Between them, these three categories
account for 80–90% of all cases; in the industrialized world, Staphylococcus aureus
alone accounts for about 30% of cases.

DISEASE TRANSMISSION:
Germs that enter the bloodstream and proceed to the heart cause endocarditis. The most
frequent cause of endocarditis is bacterial infection. Additionally, fungus like Candida
can induce endocarditis.

WHAT IS HAPPENING INSIDE THE BODY:

An infection of the inner lining of the heart's chambers and valves that can be fatal is
called endocarditis. The endocardium is the name given to this lining. An infection is
typically the cause of endocarditis. Germs such as fungi, bacteria, or other
microorganisms enter the bloodstream and adhere to the damaged of the heart.

INITIAL SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:

High Body Temperature, Chills, Sweats at Night, Headaches, Breathlessness
(Particularly while Exercising, Cough, Fatigue, Tiredness, Joint and Muscular Aches

DIAGNOSTIC RESULTS: LABORATORY RESULTS:

Blood Culture Test, Complete Blood Count,
Echocardiogram, Electrocardiogram (ECG
or EKG), Chest X-ray, Computerized
Tomography (CT) Scan or Magnetic
Resonance Imaging (MRI).
Elevated White Blood Cell Count,
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate,
Rheumatoid Factor, and Elevated BUN and
creatinine if glomerulonephritis is present.

STRONG/MORE CLINICAL MANIFESTATION:

The majority of endocarditis patients have nonspecific symptoms including fever,
exhaustion, or chest pain. These symptoms can be indicative of several serious illnesses,
so a comprehensive workup is required. Chills and fever are the most typical symptoms.
Common symptoms include anorexia, weight loss, headaches, myalgias, night sweats,
coughing, and joint pains. Valvular insufficiency may be the cause of congestive heart
failure signs and symptoms.

THE DISEASE: ENDOCARDITIS

Native Valve Endocarditis Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis

Intravenous Drug Abuse
(NVE) (PVE)
(IVDA) Endocarditis
acute and subacute Early and Late