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  • Ironmaking Steelmaking 2024 Lecture 1

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    The document discusses ironmaking and steelmaking processes. It notes that China is the largest producer and consumer of steel, producing 1 billion tons annually, while India is the second largest producer at 230 million tons. The largest concern is greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel-based steel production, which accounts for 30% of industrial CO2 emissions. New technologies aim to supplement the conventional blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace route, which has the highest emissions at 2 tons of CO2 per ton of crude steel, with lower carbon processes like electric arc furnaces using scrap metal or direct reduced iron. The document outlines various steelmaking routes and their associated emissions.

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    The document discusses ironmaking and steelmaking processes. It notes that China is the largest producer and consumer of steel, producing 1 billion tons annually, while India is the second largest producer at 230 million tons. The largest concern is greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel-based steel production, which accounts for 30% of industrial CO2 emissions. New technologies aim to supplement the conventional blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace route, which has the highest emissions at 2 tons of CO2 per ton of crude steel, with lower carbon processes like electric arc furnaces using scrap metal or direct reduced iron. The document outlines various steelmaking routes and their associated emissions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    17 views4 pages

    Ironmaking Steelmaking 2024 Lecture 1

    Uploaded by

    thecommon392
    The document discusses ironmaking and steelmaking processes. It notes that China is the largest producer and consumer of steel, producing 1 billion tons annually, while India is the second largest producer at 230 million tons. The largest concern is greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel-based steel production, which accounts for 30% of industrial CO2 emissions. New technologies aim to supplement the conventional blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace route, which has the highest emissions at 2 tons of CO2 per ton of crude steel, with lower carbon processes like electric arc furnaces using scrap metal or direct reduced iron. The document outlines various steelmaking routes and their associated emissions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
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    of 4

    Ironmaking & Steelmaking

    Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering


    Indian Institute of technology Kharagpur

    MT32008
    Spring, 2023-2024
    INTRODUCTION

    World steel scenario


     World crude steel production: 2 billion tons
     Largest producer: China -1 billion tons
     Second Largest producer: India -230 million tons
     Per Capita steel consumption(kg): India-70, China-600, World average-250
     Largest consumer: China =840 million tons considering 1.4 billion population, India-100 Million tons, second
    largest consumer with huge potential for expansion. India is aiming 300 million tons by 2030.
     Major concern today: GHG/ CO2 emission. Fossil fuel based steel production with such large production
    constitute around 30% of industrial CO2 production
     World climate conference (COP) decided to restrict emission to restrict the global warming by 2oC from pre-
    industrial age. Based on remaining carbon budget, the CO2 emission for steel industries should be curtailed
    to 0.6 tCO2/tcs from its present value 1.8 tCO2/tcs.
     In carbon based economy like India, attempts are being made to supplement the conventional BF-BOF route
    by low carbon ironmaking technologies.
    VARIOUS ROUTES OF STEEL MAKING
    EMISSION
    BF-BOF has the largest share in steel production(70%). BF is also an efficient reactor. But, it is fossil fuel based
    with large emission 2tCO2/tcs. It has unmatched high productivity (10,000 tons/day, with 98% availability).

    Second largest producer (20%) is Scrap-EAF process with minimum emission 0.3 to 0.5 tCO2/tcs.

    The third largest (10%) and growing route is DRI-EAF. DRI/sponge iron are the solid state iron produced by
    coal/gas(Midrex, Rotary Kiln), which is subsequently melted in EAF to produce crude steel. Depending on
    reductant, it has emission ranging from 1 to 2.5.

    The fourth route is SR-BOF, but its share is minimal today (<1%). SR-Smelting reduction technology
    (COREX/FINEX). They produce BF grade liquid iron without requiring the coke. Conversion of coal to coke by
    coking process (energy intensive and polluting process) is essential in BF process.

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