–

Với a , b, x, y là các số thực. Khi đó ta có:  ax  by   a 2  b2

2
  x 2
 y2 

a b
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi  .
x y

 Cô-si hai số
Với hai số a , b không âm. Khi đó ta có: a  b  2 ab
Dấu “=” xảy ra khi a  b .

 Cô-si ba số
Với ba số a, b, c không âm. Khi đó ta có: a  b  c  3 3 abc
Dấu “=” xảy ra khi a  b  c .

 Hệ quả

 a  b
2

 a b
2 2
  2ab . Dấu “=” xảy ra  a  b .
2

a  b  c
2

 a b c
2 2 2
  ab  bc  ca . Dấu “=” xảy ra  a  b  c .
3
a b
   2  ab  0  . Dấu “=” xảy ra  a  b .
b a
1
 a  2  a  0  . Dấu “=” xảy ra  a  1 .
a

Cho hai số thực dương x, y thỏa mãn 2 x  2 y  4 . Tìm giá trị lớn nhất Pmax của biểu thức
P   2 x 2  y  2 y 2  x   9 xy .
27
A. Pmax  . B. Pmax  18 . C. Pmax  27 . D. Pmax  12 .
2
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[Mã 103 – 2020 lần 1] Xét các số thực không âm x và y thỏa mãn 2 x  y.4 x  y 1  3 . Giá trị
nhỏ nhất của biểu thức P  x 2  y 2  2 x  4 y bằng
33 9 21 41
A. . B. . C. . D. .
8 8 4 8

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 2 2
[Mã 101 – 2022] Xét tất cả các số thực x, y sao cho a 4 x log5 a  2540 y với mọi số thực dương
a . Giá trị lớn nhất của biểu thức P  x 2  y 2  x  3 y bằng
125
A. . B. 80 . C. 60 . D. 20 .
2

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Bước 1: Đưa phương trình giả thiết cho về dạng VT = 0.

Nhập vế VT vào máy tính.

Bước 2: Ấn qr

 x  100  x  0, 01
Hàm logarit gán:  ; hàm mũ gán: 
y  Y y  Y

x  X x  X
Nếu ra kết quả xấu đổi lại: hàm logarit gán:  ; hàm mũ gán: 
 y  100  y  100
Bước 3: Khi ra kết quả tìm được y (đẹp), phân tích kết quả của y theo 100 hoặc 0, 01 , rồi thế lại ẩn x .

99 100  1 1  x 1 x
Ví dụ: Cho x  100 
Shift Calc
 y    y
101 100  1 1  x 1 x
Bước 4: Tìm điều kiện của x được: a  x  b .
Bước 5: Thay y vào biểu thức P. Khi đó biểu thức P chỉ còn một biến.


Start: a

Bước 6: Dùng Table (w8) tìm GTNN hoặc GTLN của biểu thức P với End: b
 ba
Step:
 20

x y  1 1 
Xét tất cả các số thực dương x, y thỏa mãn  log     1  2 xy . Khi biểu thức
10  2x 2 y 
4 1
2
 2 đạt giá trị nhỏ nhất, tích xy bằng
x y
9 1 9 1
A. . B. . C. . D. .
200 64 100 32
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  4a  2b  5 
Cho a , b là hai số thực dương thỏa mãn log 5    a  3b  4 . Tìm giá trị nhỏ nhất
 ab 
của biểu thức T  a 2  b 2 .
1 3 5
A. . B. 1 . C. . D. .
2 2 2
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1  ab
Cho a , b là số thực dương thỏa mãn 2a b  2 ab 3  . Giá trị nhỏ nhất của biểu thức a 2  b 2 là
ab

  5 1
2
A. 5 1 . B. 2 . C. . D. 3  5 .
2
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 [Mã 103 – 2020 lần 1] Xét các số thực không âm x và y thỏa mãn 2 x  y.4 x  y 1  3 . Giá trị
nhỏ nhất của biểu thức P  x 2  y 2  2 x  4 y bằng
33 9 21 41
A. . B. . C. . D. .
8 8 4 8
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[Đề minh họa 2020 lần 1] Có bao nhiêu cặp số nguyên  x ; y  thỏa mãn 0  x  2020 và
log3  3x  3  x  2 y  9 y ?
A. 2019 . B. 6 . C. 2020 . D. 4 .
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 [Mã 101- 2020 lần 1] Có bao nhiêu số nguyên x sao cho ứng với mỗi x có không quá 728 số
nguyên y thỏa mãn log 4  x 2  y   log 3  x  y  ?
A. 59 . B. 58 . C. 116 . D. 115 .
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Có bao nhiêu số nguyên y sao cho với mỗi y không có quá 50 số nguyên x thoả mãn bất phương
trình sau 2 y 3 x  log 3  x  y 2  ?
A. 15 . B. 11 . C. 19 . D. 13 .
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 [Đề minh họa 2022] Có bao nhiêu số nguyên a sao cho ứng với mỗi a , tồn tại ít nhất bốn số
nguyên b   12;12  thỏa mãn 4a
2
b
 3b a  65 ?
A. 4. B. 6 . C. 5. D. 7.
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1 
[Mã 101 – 2021 lần 1] Có bao nhiêu số nguyên y sao cho tồn tại x   ;3  thỏa mãn
3 
 1  xy  .279 x ?
2
 xy
273 x
A. 27 . B. 9 . C. 11 . D. 12 .
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 Có bao nhiêu giá trị nguyên dương của y để tồn tại số thực x  1 thỏa mãn phương trình
8x  y  4
x 2
y  8 x  y  3 log 9 y  log 3
x
?

A. 5 . B. 4 . C. 3 . D. 6 .
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Có bao nhiêu cặp số nguyên  x; y  thỏa mãn

    
log 3 x 2  y 2  x  log 2 x 2  y 2  log 3 x  log 2 x 2  y 2  2 x ? 
A. 4. B. 5. C. 6. D. 7.
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Có bao nhiêu cặp số nguyên dương  x; y  thỏa mãn điều kiện y  2023 và
3  9 x  2 x   y  log3  y  1  2 ?
3

A. 10 . B. 2023 . C. 3776 . D. 3780 .

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 log 2 x  3 y
Có bao nhiêu cặp số nguyên  x, y  , với x  10 thoả mãn bất phương trình 4.2 4
 x  3.2 y .
A. 1 . B. 3 . C. 4 . D. 2 .
x2  y2
Có bao nhiêu số nguyên x sao cho tồn tại số thực y thỏa mãn 3  4x y .
A. Vô số. B. 5 . C. 2 . D. 1 .
Cho các số thực x, y thỏa mãn log x2  y 2  2  2 x  4 y  3   1 . Giá trị lớn nhất của biểu thức
P  3 x  4 y có dạng 5 M  m với M , m   . Tính M  m ?
A. 2 . B. 11 . C. 1 . D. 4 .
1 2x
Cho hai số thực x , y thỏa mãn x  y  2 . Giá trị nhỏ nhất của T  2.3 y  .3 là
24
81 9 51
A. Tmin  2 . B. Tmin  . C. Tmin  . D. Tmin  .
8 2 8
1
Cho hai số thực dương x, y thỏa mãn 2  2 log 2 x  log 2
y . Giá trị nhỏ nhất của biểu thức
2
P  10 x  2  x  y   3 là
2

1 1 7
A. 3 . B. . C. . D. .
9 2 2
x y  1 1 
Xét tất cả các số thực dương x, y thỏa mãn  log     1  2 xy . Khi biểu thức
10  2x 2 y 
4 1
2
 2 đạt giá trị nhỏ nhất, tích xy bằng
x y
9 1 9 1
A. . B. . C. . D. .
200 64 100 32

Cho các số thực x , y thỏa mãn 5  16.4 x

2
2 y

 5  16 x
2
2 y
 .7 2 y  x2  2
. Gọi M và m lần lượt là
10 x  6 y  26
giá trị lớn nhất và giá trị nhỏ nhất của biểu thức P  . Tính T  M  m .
2x  2 y  5
19 21
A. T  15 . B. T  . C. T  . D. T  10 .
2 2

Cho hai số thực dương x , y thỏa mãn 2 y  y  2 x  log 2  x  2 y 1  . Giá trị nhỏ nhất của biểu
x
thức P  bằng
y
e  ln 2 e  ln 2 e ln 2 e
A. . B. . C. . D. .
2 2 2 2 ln 2

Cho 0  x  2021 và log3  x  1  x  3 y  1  27 y . Có bao nhiêu cặp số  x ; y  nguyên thỏa mãn

điều kiện trên?
A. 2021 . B. 2020 . C. 4 . D. 3 .
Có bao nhiêu số nguyên x sao cho tồn tại số thực y thỏa mãn log 3  x  y   log 4  x 2  2 y 2  ?
A. 3 . B. 2 . C. Vô số. D. 1 .
y 1
Cho hai số thực dương x , y thỏa mãn log 3  x  1 y  1   9   x  1 y  1 . Giá trị nhỏ
nhất của biểu thức P  x  2 y là
11 25
A. Pmin  . B. Pmin  . C. Pmin  5  6 3 . D. Pmin  3  6 2 .
2 7

Có bao nhiêu số nguyên y nằm trong khoảng  2021;    sao cho với mỗi giá trị của y tồn

   
2
tại nhiều hơn hai số thực x thỏa mãn x 2  y  x 2  x .2020 x  y  2 x 2  x  y .2020 x  x ?
A. 2020 . B. 2019 . C. 2021 . D. 2022 .

Có bao nhiêu số nguyên dương a nhỏ hơn 2021 sao cho tồn tại số nguyên x thỏa mãn
2a  2 x 3  1  a 2  a  2a  2 x 3  1 ?
A. 12 . B. 15 . C. 10 . D. 14 .

Có bao nhiêu số nguyên y sao cho với mỗi y không có quá 50 số nguyên x thoả mãn bất phương
trình sau 2 y 3 x  log 3  x  y 2  ?
A. 15 . B. 11 . C. 19 . D. 13 .
2
 y2
Có bao nhiêu số nguyên x sao cho tồn tại số thực dương y thỏa mãn 2 x  2.2 y  x ?
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.