Learn Arabic Grammar – The Easy Way

UNIT - 5

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Lesson
Verbal Sentence ‫فِعْليَّة‬
َ ‫ُجمْلَة‬
1

Arabic Grammar is divided into two main parts. Simplified definitions of each one of them is given below:
• Sarf ‫صرف‬َ : How to make different words from root letters of a verb.

• Nahw ‫ ن َ ْحو‬: How to make pairs and sentences, using different words.

This joining of words results in changes in the endings of words depending upon whether those words act as
subject, object, etc. in a sentence. However, some words do not change their endings.
In this course, we will focus on four types of pairs and four types of sentences. We have already learnt ‫جملة‬
‫( اسمية‬Nominal sentence) in the last course. Let us learn ‫( جملة فعلية‬Verbal sentence) now. Please note that:
• ‫ جملة اسمية‬is the one which starts with a noun.
• ‫ جملة فعلية‬is the one which starts with a verb.

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Let us take an example of ‫جملة فعلية‬.
َ ْ‫ْاْلَر‬
‫ض‬ ُ ‫الل‬ ‫َخل َ َق‬
the earth Allah created
Object: ‫ مَفع ُ ْول ب ِه‬Subject: ‫ فَا ِعل‬verb :‫فِعْل‬
ْ
state of ‫نصب‬ state of ‫رفع‬

Few more examples:

The Muslim memorized the Quran. َ‫َحفِ َظ الْ ُم ْسلِمُ الْقُ ْرٰان‬
The believer recites the Hadith. َ ْ ‫يَقْ َرأ ُ الْ ُمؤْمِ ُن الْ َح ِدي‬
‫ث‬
The pious (person) listens to the Seerah. َ ‫السي ْ َرة‬ َّ ‫ي َ ْس َم ُع‬
ِ ‫الصال ِ ُح‬
Now, let us change the subject to plural:
َ‫َحفِ َظ الْ ُم ْسلِ ُم ْونَ الْقُ ْرٰان‬ َ‫َحفِ َظ الْ ُم ْسلِمُ الْقُ ْرٰان‬
‫ث‬َ ْ ‫يَقْ َرأ ُ الْ ُمؤْمِن ُ ْونَ الْ َح ِدي‬ َ ْ ‫يَقْ َرأ ُ الْ ُمؤْمِ ُن الْ َح ِدي‬
‫ث‬
َ ‫السي ْ َرة‬
ِ َ‫الصال ِ ُح ْون‬
َّ ‫ي َ ْس َم ُع‬ َ ‫السي ْ َرة‬ َّ ‫ي َ ْس َم ُع‬
ِ ‫الصال ِ ُح‬
➢ If a verb and a subject are there in a single sentence, then the verb will be singular.
➢ Don’t worry about changing the first verb to plural. Keep it singular always! Isn’t it easy to make a
sentence in Arabic!
Learn to change the subject to feminine (and the verb too).
َ‫ت الْ ُم ْسلِ َمة ُ الْقُ ْرٰان‬
ِ ‫َحفِ َظ‬ َ‫َحفِ َظ الْ ُم ْسلِمُ الْقُ ْرٰان‬
‫ث‬َ ْ ‫تَقْ َرأ ُ الْ ُمؤْمِنَة ُ الْ َح ِدي‬ َ ْ ‫يَقْ َرأ ُ الْ ُمؤْمِ ُن الْ َح ِدي‬
‫ث‬
ِ ُ ‫الصال ِ َحة‬
َ ‫السي ْ َرة‬ َّ ‫تَ ْس َم ُع‬ َ ‫السي ْ َرة‬ َّ ‫ي َ ْس َم ُع‬
ِ ‫الصال ِ ُح‬

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 َ َ
‫ إِن‬and its sisters ‫ ٰل ِكن‬،‫ كَأن‬،‫أن‬
Lesson
2

➢ ‫ اِن‬converts the state of first noun to ‫ نصب‬state! The best example of this rule from the Qur’an is:
‫غَفُ ْور‬ َ ‫الل‬ ‫ا ِن‬
‫خبر اِن‬ ‫اسم اِن‬
is forgiving Allah Indeed
More Examples
➢ Let us add ‫ اِن‬to these sentences: ‫س ْولﷺ‬
ُ َ‫ر‬ ‫إ ِن مُ َحم ًدا‬  ‫س ْولﷺ‬
ُ َ‫ر‬ ‫مُ َحمد‬
‫إ ِن هُ ْودًا نَبِي‬  ‫هُ ْود نَبِي‬
‫صغِيْڑ‬َ ‫إ ِن زَيْدا‬  ‫صغِيْڑ‬َ ‫زَي ْ ٌد‬
‫إ ِن َسعْدا كَبِيْر‬  ‫َسعْ ٌد كَبِيْر‬
➢ Learn to add ‫ اِن‬to these sentences: َ َ‫إ ِن الْمُ ْسلِم‬
‫صادِق‬  ‫صادِق‬ َ ُ‫اَلْمُ ْسلِم‬
‫صالِح‬َ ‫إ ِن الْمُؤْمِ َن‬  ‫صالِح‬ َ ‫اَلْمُؤْمِ ُن‬
‫إ ِن الْمُنَاف ِ َق فَا ِسق‬  ‫اَلْمُنَاف ِ ُق فَا ِسق‬
‫صادِقَة‬ َ َ ‫إ ِن الْمُ ْسلِمَة‬  ‫صادِقَة‬ َ ُ ‫اَلْمُ ْسلِمَة‬
➢ After adding ‫ اِن‬to these sentences: َ َ ‫إ ِن الْمُؤْمِنَة‬
‫صال ِ َحة‬  ‫صال ِ َحة‬َ ُ ‫اَلْمُؤْمِنَة‬
(Note that the plural of ً ‫ مُ ْسلِمَة‬or ‫ مُ ْسلِمَة‬is ‫)مُ ْسلِمَات‬
‫إ ِن الْمُنَافِقَة َ فَا ِسقَة‬  ‫اَلْمُنَافِقَة ُ فَا ِسقَة‬
Practice the word “َ‫ ”مُ ْسلِمُ ْون‬with TPI. Please note that the plural of ‫ مُ ْسلِمًا‬and ‫ مُ ْسلِم‬is ‫مُ ْسلِ ِميْ َن‬.
Original state َ‫اَلْ ُم ْسلِ ُم ْون‬  ُ‫اَلْ ُم ْسلِم‬
(state of ‫)رفع‬

‫اَلْ ُم ْسلِ ِمي ْ َن‬ َ‫اَلْ ُم ْسلِم‬

When there is effect
(state of ‫)نصب‬ 

➢ After adding ‫ اِن‬to these

َ‫صادِق ُ ْون‬َ ‫إ ِن الْمُ ْسلِ ِمي ْ َن‬  َ‫صادِق ُ ْون‬َ َ‫اَلْمُ ْسلِمُ ْون‬
sentences: َ‫صال ِ ُح ْون‬َ ‫إ ِن الْمُؤْمِنِي ْ َن‬  َ‫صال ِ ُح ْون‬َ َ‫اَلْمُؤْمِن ُ ْون‬
َ‫إ ِن الْمُنَافِقِي ْ َن فَا ِسقُ ْون‬  َ‫اَلْمُنَافِقُ ْونَ فَا ِسقُ ْون‬
➢ Some more words behave like ‫إ ِن‬. They are called: Sisters of ‫إ ِن‬.
َ َ
‫ٰل ِكن‬ ‫كَأن‬ ‫أن‬
but as if, as though that
َ ُ ْ َ
➢ Add these words before “‫ ”البَيْت كبِير‬and practice with TPI:

‫ت كَبِير‬َ ْ ‫أَن الْبَي‬  ‫أن‬

َ

‫ت كَبِير‬َ ْ ‫كَأَن الْبَي‬ 

َ
‫كَأن‬
َ ْ ‫ٰل ِكن الْبَي‬
‫ت كَبِير‬  ‫ٰل ِكن‬
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Lesson َ‫ ََكن‬and its sisters ‫ أَمْ ٰسى‬،‫صب َ َح‬
ْ َ‫أ‬
3
➢ َ‫ ََكن‬changes the state of second noun to ‫ نصب‬state! Best example of this rule from the Qur’an is:

‫غَفُ ْورًا‬ ُ ‫الل‬ َ‫ََكن‬

َ‫خبر ََكن‬ َ‫اسم ََكن‬
forgiving Allah is
Let us practice َ‫ ََكن‬with these sentences.
Case-2: When the first one has ْ‫ال‬ Case-1: Both having Tanween
‫صادِق ًا‬ َ ُ‫ََكنَ الْمُ ْسلِم‬ ←‫اَلْمُ ْسلِمُ َصادِق‬ ‫ََكنَ هُ ْود نَبِيًّا‬ ←‫هُ ْود نَبِي‬
‫صال ِ ًحا‬َ ‫ََكنَ الْ ُمؤْ ِم ُن‬ ←‫اَلْ ُمؤْ ِم ُن َصالِح‬ ‫صغِيْڑًا‬ َ ‫ََكنَ زَي ْ ٌد‬ ←‫زَي ْ ٌد َصغِيْڑ‬
‫ََكنَ الْمُنَاف ِ ُق فَا ِسقًا‬ ←‫اَلْمُنَاف ِ ُق فَا ِسق‬ ‫ََكنَ َسعْ ٌد كَبِي ْ ًرا‬ ←‫َسعْ ٌد كَبِيْر‬
Case-4: Plural nouns Case-3: Feminine nouns
‫صادِق ِي ْ َن‬ َ َ‫ََكنَ الْمُ ْسلِمُ ْون‬ َ‫صادِق ُ ْون‬َ َ‫اَلْمُ ْسلِمُ ْون‬ ً ‫صادِقَة‬ َ ُ ‫ََكنَ الْمُ ْسلِمَة‬ ‫صادِقَة‬َ ُ ‫اَلْمُ ْسلِمَة‬
‫حي ْ َن‬ ِ ِ ‫صال‬َ َ‫ََكنَ الْمُؤْمِن ُ ْون‬ َ َ‫اَلْمُؤْمِن ُ ْون‬
َ‫صال ِ ُح ْون‬ َ ُ ‫ََكنَ الْمُؤْمِنَة‬
ً ‫صال ِ َحة‬ ‫صال ِ َحة‬َ ُ ‫اَلْمُؤْ ِمنَة‬
‫ََكنَ الْمُنَافِقُ ْونَ فَا ِسقِي ْ َن‬ َ‫اَلْمُنَافِقُ ْونَ فَا ِسقُ ْون‬ ً ‫ََكنَ الْمُنَافِقَة ُ فَا ِسقَة‬ ‫اَلْمُنَافِقَة ُ فَا ِسقَة‬
Practice the word “َ‫ ”مُ ْسلِمُ ْون‬with TPI. Please note that the plural of ‫ مُ ْسلِمًا‬and ‫ مُ ْسلِم‬is ‫مُ ْسلِ ِميْ َن‬.
َ‫اَلْمُ ْسلِمُ ْون‬ ُ‫اَلْمُ ْسلِم‬
Original state
(state of ‫)رفع‬

‫اَلْمُ ْسلِ ِمي ْ َن‬ َ‫اَلْمُ ْسلِم‬

When there is effect
(state of ‫)نصب‬

➢ Some more words behave like َ‫َكن‬.

َ They are called: Sisters of َ‫َكن‬.
َ Two of them are given below:

woke up, has become ْ َ‫أ‬

‫صب َ َح‬
َ
reached evening, has become ‫أمْ ٰسى‬
ُ ْ‫ ”اَلْبَي‬and practice with TPI:
➢ Add these words before “‫ت كَبِير‬
‫ت كَبِي ًرا‬ُ ْ ‫ََكنَ الْبَي‬  َ‫ََكن‬
‫ت كَبِي ًرا‬ ْ َ‫أ‬
ُ ْ ‫صب َ َح الْبَي‬  ْ َ‫أ‬
‫صب َ َح‬
‫ت كَبِي ًرا‬ ُ ْ ‫أَمْ َسى الْبَي‬  ‫أمْ ٰسى‬
َ

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 Lesson First pair
4 Preposition + Noun (Singular)
In the past lessons, we have learnt four important types of sentences.
‫اَهلل ُ غَفُور‬ ‫ا ِ ْس ِميَّة‬
‫ض‬َ ْ‫َخل َ َق اهلل ُ اْلَر‬ ‫فِعْلِيَّة‬
‫إِن الل َ غَفُور‬ with ‫إِن‬
‫ََكنَ اهلل ُ غَفُورًا‬ with ‫َكن‬
َ َ
From this lesson onwards, we will learn four important types of pairs. These pairs are given below along with
a simple example. The four examples make a nice statement (if you read that downwards) that helps us
remember the four types of pairs easily:
Example Describes…
َ
with ‫→ حرف جر‬ ‫فِى ْاْلرْ ِض‬
with ‫صفَة‬
ِ → ‫ت كَبِيْر‬ ٌ ْ ‫بَي‬ how?
with ‫→ إشارة‬ ُ ْ ‫ك الْبَي‬
‫ت‬ َ ِ ‫ذٰل‬ which one?
Showing relation → ِ ‫ت اهلل‬ُ ْ ‫بَي‬ whose
ٰ َ‫ ع‬،‫ فِي‬،‫ ِب‬،‫ عَ ْن‬،‫ مِ ْن‬،ِ‫ل‬
In this lesson, we will take the first pair (Preposition + Noun) …‫ إ ِ ٰل‬،‫ٰل‬
➢ The noun after it will be in Jarr state (‫ )ــــِـــ ــــــ ين‬Here are few examples for Jarr state:
in
Jarr state
ِ ‫بِـــــالل‬ Prepositions

َ
‫فِي ْاْلرْ ِض‬
‫لِــــلْمُ ْسلِ ِمي ْ َن‬
‫مِ َن الْمُؤْمِنِي ْ َن‬
➢ Few more examples for Jarr state:
If you have ‫ ِل‬+ a specified
If you have ‫ ِل‬+ a general noun (‫)ـ ـ ً ـ‬ Practice with TPI!
noun (with …‫)الْـ‬

‫لِل ْ ُم ْسلِ ِم‬ ← ُ‫الْ ُم ْسلِم‬ ‫ل ِ ُم ْسلِم‬ ‫مُ ْسلِم‬ ‫مُ ْسلِم‬
Original state
← (state of ‫)رفع‬

‫لِل ْ ُمؤْمِ ِن‬ ‫الْ ُمؤْمِ ُن‬ ‫ل ِ ُمؤْمِن‬ ‫مُؤْمِن‬ ‫مُ ْسلِ ًما‬
When there is effect
← ← (state of ‫)نصب‬
َّ ِ ‫ل‬
‫لصال ِ ِح‬ َّ
← ‫الصال ِ ُح‬ ‫صالِح‬َ ِ‫ل‬ ← َ
‫صالِح‬ After preposition
‫مُ ْسلِم‬
ِ ‫لِلنا‬
‫ص ِر‬ ← ‫ص ُر‬ِ ‫النا‬ ‫صر‬ِ ‫لِنَا‬ ← ِ ‫نَا‬
‫صر‬ (state of Jarr)

➢ If you have ُ ‫ الل‬after a preposition:

ِ ‫إ ِلَى الل‬ ← ‫إ ِلَى‬ ِ ‫مِ َن اهلل‬ ← ‫ِم ْن‬ ِ ‫ب ِالل‬ ← ‫بِـ‬
ِ ‫عَلَى الل‬ ← ‫عَلَى‬ ِ ‫فِي الل‬ ← ‫ف ِ ْي‬ ِ ‫ِلل‬ ← ‫لِـ‬

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Lesson First pair
5 Preposition + Noun (Plural)

ٰ ِ‫إ‬
In this lesson, we will take Preposition with Plural Nouns. The noun after it (…،‫ل‬ ،‫ عَ ٰٰل‬،‫ فِي‬،‫ ِب‬،‫ عَ ْن‬،‫ مِ ْن‬،ِ‫)ل‬
will be in Jarr state (‫)ــــِـــ ــــــ ين‬. Let’s practice singular and plural nouns first:
َ‫اَلْ ُم ْسلِ ُم ْون‬ Original state (‫ رفع‬state) ُ‫اَلْ ُم ْسلِم‬

‫اَلْ ُم ْسلِمي ْ َن‬ When there is effect (‫ نصب‬state) ُ‫اَلْ ُم ْسلِم‬

‫اَلْ ُم ْسلِمي ْ َن‬ After preposition (‫ جر‬state) ‫اَلْ ُم ْسلِ ِم‬

Few examples of Jarr state:
If you have ‫ مِ ْن‬+ a specified noun (with …‫)الْـ‬ If you have ‫ ِل‬+ a specific noun (with …‫)الْـ‬
‫مِ َن الْ ُم ْسلِمي ْ َن‬ ← َ‫اَلْ ُم ْسلِ ُم ْون‬ ‫لِل ْ ُم ْسلِمي ْ َن‬ ← َ‫اَلْ ُم ْسلِ ُم ْون‬
‫مِ َن الْ ُمؤْمِني ْ َن‬ ← َ‫اَلْ ُمؤْمِن ُ ْون‬ ‫لِل ْ ُمؤْمِني ْ َن‬ ← َ‫اَلْ ُمؤْمِن ُ ْون‬
‫حي ْ َن‬ َّ ‫مِ َن‬
ِ ِ ‫الصال‬ ← َ‫لصال ِ ُح ْون‬
َّ َ ‫ا‬ ‫حي ْ َن‬ َّ ِ ‫ل‬
ِ ِ ‫لصال‬ ← َ‫لصال ِ ُح ْون‬
َّ َ ‫ا‬
‫ص ِري ْ َن‬
ِ ‫مِ َن النا‬ ← َ‫ص ُروْن‬ِ ‫اَلنا‬ ‫ص ِري ْ َن‬
ِ ‫لِلنا‬ ← َ‫ص ُروْن‬ِ ‫اَلنا‬
Examples from the Qur’an:
guidance for those conscious of Allah ‫هُدى ل ِلْمُتَّقِي ْ َن‬ •
but they are not (at all) believers ‫وَمَا هُمْ بِمُؤْمِنِي ْ َن‬ •
and became of the disbelievers ‫كفِرِي ْ َن‬ ٰ ْ‫َو ََكنَ مِ َن ال‬ •
and Allah is the possessor of bounty for
‫ضل عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِي ْ َن‬ ْ َ ‫وَاهلل ُ ذُو ف‬ •
the believers
Allah is free from need of the worlds ‫فَاِن الل َ غَنِى عَ ِن الْعٰل َ ِمي ْ َن‬ •
And those who believe and do righteous ِ ‫الصلِ ٰح‬
‫ت‬ ّٰ ‫وَالَّ ِذي َن ٰامَن ُ ْوا وَعَ ِملُوا‬ •
َّ ‫لَن ُ ْد ِخلَنهُمْ فِى‬
deeds – We will surely admit them
among the righteous [into Paradise] ‫حي ْ َن‬ ِ ِ ‫الصال‬

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Lesson ْ َ ‫ ن‬،‫ رَفْع‬for singular nouns
‫ َجر‬، ‫صب‬
6
In this lesson we will practice sentences that have ‫ جر‬،‫ نصب‬،‫ رفع‬for singular nouns.
➢ See the translation in the following sentences. Show the TPI sign for the nouns only.
examples states
A Muslim came. ‫َجاء َ مُ ْسلِم‬ Original state (‫ رفع‬state) ‫مُ ْسلِم‬
ٰ ‫مُ ْسلِ ًما‬
Zaid saw a Muslim. ‫رَأى زَيْد مُ ْسلِ ًما‬ When there is effect (‫ نصب‬state)

Zaid heard from a Muslim. ‫َس ِم َع زَيْد مِ ْن مُ ْسلِم‬ After preposition (‫ جر‬state) ‫مُ ْسلِم‬
➢ Practice with these sentences too, Show the TPI sign for the nouns only.
examples states
The Muslim came. ُ‫َجاء َ الْ ُم ْسلِم‬ Original state (‫ رفع‬state) ُ‫اَلْ ُم ْسلِم‬
Zaid saw the Muslim. َ‫رَأٰى زَيْد الْ ُم ْسلِم‬ When there is effect (‫ نصب‬state) َ‫اَلْ ُم ْسلِم‬
Zaid heard from the Muslim. ‫َس ِم َع زَيْد مِ َن الْ ُم ْسلِ ِم‬ After preposition (‫ جر‬state) ‫اَلْ ُم ْسلِ ِم‬
➢ Let us take few examples from the Qur’an. Show the TPI sign for the nouns only.
‫يَقُ ْولُ الْ ََكف ِ ُر‬ ُ ‫ٰامَ َن الن‬
‫اس‬ ُ ‫َس ِم َع اهلل‬
The disbeliever will
The people believed Allah heard
say
➢ Few another examples from the Qur’an. Show the TPI sign for the nouns only.
َ ْ‫ْاْلَر‬
‫ض‬ ُ ‫َخل َ َق اهلل‬
the earth Allah created
‫الْقَ َوا ِع َد‬ ُ‫ي َ ْرف َ ُع اِبْ ٰرهم‬
the bases Ibrahim (AS) raises
َ‫ال َّر ُس ْول‬ ُ‫صى فِرْعَ ْون‬
ٰ َ‫ع‬
the messenger Fir’oun disobeyed
َ‫الْ ِكت ٰب‬ َ‫ا َنْزَل‬
the book He sent down
َ ‫الل‬ ‫اَطِيْع ُ ْوا‬
Allah Obey
َ‫النار‬ ‫وَاتَّقُ ْوا‬
the fire And fear

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Lesson ْ َ ‫ ن‬،‫ رَفْع‬for plural nouns
‫ َجر‬، ‫صب‬
7
In this lesson we will take sentences that have ‫ جر‬،‫ نصب‬،‫ رفع‬for plural nouns.
➢ Translate the following. Show the TPI sign for the nouns only.
examples states
Muslims came. َ‫َجاء َ مُ ْسلِ ُم ْون‬ Original state (‫ رفع‬state) َ‫مُ ْسلِ ُم ْون‬
ٰ
Zaid saw Muslims. ‫رَأى زَيْد مُ ْسلِ ِمي ْ َن‬ When there is effect (‫ نصب‬state) ‫مُ ْسلِ ِمي ْ َن‬
Zaid heard from Muslims. ‫َس ِم َع زَيْد مِ ْن مُ ْسلِ ِمي ْ َن‬ After preposition (‫ جر‬state) ‫مُ ْسلِ ِمي ْ َن‬
➢ Translate the following. Show the TPI sign for the nouns only.
examples states
The Muslims came. َ‫َجاء َ الْ ُم ْسلِ ُم ْون‬ Original state (‫ رفع‬state) َ‫الْ ُم ْسلِ ُم ْون‬
ٰ
Zaid saw the Muslims. ‫رَأى زَيْد الْ ُم ْسلِ ِمي ْ َن‬ When there is effect (‫ نصب‬state) ‫الْ ُم ْسلِ ِمي ْ َن‬
Zaid heard from the Muslims. ‫َس ِم َع زَيْد ِم َن الْ ُم ْسلِ ِمي ْ َن‬ After preposition (‫ جر‬state) ‫الْ ُم ْسلِ ِمي ْ َن‬
➢ Examples from the Qur’an. Show the TPI sign for the nouns only.
َ‫ح الْ ُمؤْمِن ُ ْون‬
ُ ‫يَفْ َر‬ َ‫يَقُ ْولُ الْ ََكف ِ ُروْن‬ َ‫قَالَ ال َّظال ِ ُمون‬
The believers rejoice The disbelievers say The wrongdoers said
➢ Few another examples from the Qur’an. Show the TPI sign for the nouns only.
ّٰ
‫الظلِ ِمي ْ َن‬ ِ ُ‫ي‬
ُ ‫ضل ُّ الل‬
the wrongdoers Allah sends astray
ّٰ
‫الش ِكرِي ْ َن‬ ْ َ ‫َسي‬
ُ ‫جزِى الل‬
the grateful ones Allah will soon reward
‫الْ ُم ْر َسلِي ْ َن‬ ْ َ‫كَ َّذب‬
ُ‫ت ث َ ُم ْود‬
the messengers Thamud denied
ٰ ْ‫ال‬
‫كفِ ِري ْ َن‬ ِ ُ ‫ََل ي‬
ُّ‫حب‬
the disbelievers He does not like
ّٰ
‫الظلِ ِمي ْ َن‬ ِ ُ ‫ََل ي‬
ُّ‫حب‬
wrongdoers He does not like
ّٰ
‫الصبِرِي ْ َن‬ ‫بَ ِش ِر‬
those who are patient Give good news

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 Second pair ‫صفَة‬
Lesson
ِ + ‫( ا ِ ْسم‬Singular)
8
In this lesson, we will learn the second pair, made of a singular noun and its attribute (‫صفَة‬
ِ + ‫)ا ِ ْسم‬.
In Arabic, the noun is written first, and then its attribute.

‫كَبِيْر‬ ‫بَيْت‬
‫صفَة‬
ِ ‫اِسْم‬
Therefore, in Arabic, we say, “house big” instead of “big house.” If I say, “I saw a big black scary hairy
…(insect or a bear?)” So, instead of keeping you in suspense till the end, in Arabic, I have to say “insect” first
and then describe its attributes.
➢ Practice with TPI. Show the TPI sign two times for the two words.
examples states
‫ت كَبِيْر‬ٌ ْ ‫هٰ َذا بَي‬ Original state (‫ رفع‬state) ‫ت كَبِيْر‬ ٌ ْ ‫بَي‬
ٰ
‫رَأى زَيْد بَيْتا كَبِي ْ ًرا‬ When there is effect (‫ نصب‬state) ‫بَيْتا كَبِي ْ ًرا‬
‫ت كَبِيْر‬
ٍ ْ ‫زَي ْ ٌد ف ِ ْي بَي‬ After preposition (‫ جر‬state) ‫ت كَبِيْر‬
ٍ ْ ‫بَي‬
➢ Practice with TPI! َ ٌ‫( مُ ْسلِم‬A true Muslim).
‫صادِق‬
examples states
‫صادِق‬ َ ٌ‫َجاء َ مُ ْسلِم‬ Original state (‫ رفع‬state) ‫صادِق‬ َ ٌ‫مُ ْسلِم‬
َ ‫رَأٰى زَيْد مُ ْسلِما‬
‫صادِقًا‬ When there is effect (‫ نصب‬state) ‫صادِقًا‬
َ ‫مُ ْسلِما‬
‫صادِق‬َ ‫َس ِم َع زَيْد مِ ْن مُ ْسلِ ٍم‬ After preposition (‫ جر‬state) َ ‫مُ ْسلِ ٍم‬
‫صادِق‬
➢ Example with “ْ‫”ال‬: If the ‫ اسم‬has ْ‫ ال‬, ‫ صفة‬will also have ْ‫ال‬. ‫الصادِ ُق‬
َّ ُ‫اَلْمُ ْسلِم‬: the honest Muslim.
examples states
‫الصادِ ُق‬
َّ ُ‫َجاء َ الْ ُم ْسلِم‬ Original state (‫ رفع‬state) ‫الصادِ ُق‬
َّ ُ‫اَلْ ُم ْسلِم‬
َّ َ‫رَأٰى زَيْد الْ ُم ْسلِم‬
‫الصادِ َق‬ When there is effect (‫ نصب‬state) ‫الصادِ َق‬
َّ َ‫اَلْ ُم ْسلِم‬
َّ ‫َس ِم َع زَيْد مِ َن الْ ُم ْسلِ ِم‬
‫الصادِ ِق‬ After preposition (‫ جر‬state) َّ ‫اَلْ ُم ْسلِ ِم‬
‫الصادِ ِق‬
➢ Examples from the Quran
َّ ‫اَعُ ْوذُ ب ِالل ِ مِ َن‬
‫الشي ْ ٰط ِن ال َّر ِجي ْ ِم‬ َ‫اط الْ ُم ْستَقِي ْم‬ ِ ‫اِهْ ِدنَا ال‬
َ ‫ص َر‬
I seek refuge in Allah from Satan, the outcast Guide us to the straight path
َ ِ ‫وَذٰل‬
‫ك الْفَ ْوزُ الْ ُمبِي ْ ُن‬ ُ ُ‫وَا ِٰله‬
‫كمْ ا ِٰله وا ِحد‬
And that is the clear attainment And your god is one God
‫وَق ُ ْولُ ْوا لَهُمْ ق َ ْو ًَل مع ْ ُروْفًا‬ ْ ‫ ف ِ ْى كِتٰب م‬،‫اِنه ٗ لَقُ ْرٰانٌ كَريْم‬
‫كن ُ ْون‬ ِ
and speak to them words of appropriate kindness Indeed, it is a noble Qur’an, In a Register well-
protected
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 Second pair ‫صفَة‬
Lesson
ِ + ‫( ا ِ ْسم‬Plural)
9
In this lesson, we will learn: Second pair ‫صفَة‬
ِ + ‫) ا ِ ْسم‬Plural). For example:

True Muslims
َ‫صادِقُون‬
َ َ‫مُ ْسلِمُون‬
➢ Practice with TPI. Show the TPI sign two times for the two words.
examples states
َ‫صادِق ُ ْون‬
َ َ‫َجاء َ مُ ْسلِ ُمون‬ Original state (‫ رفع‬state) َ‫صادِق ُ ْون‬
َ َ‫مُ ْسلِ ُم ْون‬
‫صادِقِي ْ َن‬ َ ‫رَأٰى زَيْد مُ ْسلِمي ْ َن‬ When there is effect (‫ نصب‬state) َ ‫مُ ْسلِ ِمي ْ َن‬
‫صادِقِي ْ َن‬
َ ‫َس ِم َع زَيْد مِ ْن مُ ْسلِمي ْ َن‬
‫صادِقِي ْ َن‬ After preposition (‫ جر‬state) َ ‫مُ ْسلِ ِمي ْ َن‬
‫صادِقِي ْ َن‬
➢ Example with “ْ‫”ال‬. If the ‫ اسم‬has ْ‫ال‬, ‫ صفة‬will also have ْ‫ال‬. َ‫الصادِق ُ ْون‬
َّ َ‫( اَلْمُ ْسلِمُ ْون‬the honest Muslims)
examples states
َ‫الصادِق ُ ْون‬
َّ َ‫َجاء َ الْ ُم ْسلِ ُمون‬ Original state (‫ رفع‬state) َ‫الصادِق ُ ْون‬
َّ َ‫اَلْ ُم ْسلِ ُمون‬
َّ ‫رَأٰى زَيْد الْ ُم ْسلِمي ْ َن‬
‫الصادِقِي ْ َن‬ When there is effect (‫ نصب‬state) َّ ‫اَلْ ُم ْسلِمي ْ َن‬
‫الصادِقِي ْ َن‬
‫الصادِقِي ْ َن‬َّ ‫َس ِم َع زَيْد مِ َن الْ ُم ْسلِمي ْ َن‬ After preposition (‫ جر‬state) َّ ‫اَلْ ُم ْسلِمي ْ َن‬
‫الصادِقِي ْ َن‬
➢ Examples from the Qur’an:
ٰ ‫ف َاِن الل َ ََل ي َ ْر‬
‫ضى عَ ِن الْقَ ْومِ الْفٰ ِسقِي ْ َن‬
Allah is not satisfied with a defiantly disobedient people
ّٰ َ‫وَاهلل ُ ََل يَهْ ِدى الْقَ ْوم‬
‫الظلِ ِمي ْ َن‬
and Allah does not guide the wrongdoing people
ْ ُّ‫قَالُوا ا ِنا ا ُرْ ِسلْنَا ا ِ ٰل ق َ ْوم م‬
‫ج ِرمِي ْ َن‬
They said, "Indeed, we have been sent to a people of criminals"

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Lesson َ )ِ‫ هٰؤُ ََلء‬،‫(هٰ َذا‬
Third pair ‫ ا ِ ْسم‬+ ‫إشارَة‬
10
َ
We will now learn the 3rd pair. We know the words: ‫ هٰؤُ ََلء‬،‫( هٰذا‬This, These). If you point out to anything
َ
while saying ‫ هٰذا‬then that thing will become specific. Therefore, ْ‫( ال‬the) is added to that word.

ُ ْ ‫هٰ َذا الْبَي‬

‫ت‬
this house
This pair is a pair with ‫ اشارة‬word (pointer word). It answers the question: Which one?
➢ For the pointer words, there is no change in any state. So, Only one sign will be shown because only one
word changes its sign.
examples states
ُ ْ ‫هٰ َذا الْبَي‬
‫ت‬ Original state (‫ رفع‬state) ‫هٰ َذا‬
‫ت‬َ ْ ‫هٰ َذا الْبَي‬ When there is effect (‫ نصب‬state) ‫هٰ َذا‬
ِ ْ ‫هٰ َذا الْبَي‬
‫ت‬ After preposition (‫ جر‬state) ‫هٰ َذا‬
➢ Practice the above pairs in sentences using TPI!
examples states
‫ت‬ُ ْ ‫بَيْتِي هٰ َذا الْبَي‬ Original state (‫ رفع‬state) ‫هٰ َذا‬
َ ْ ‫رَأٰى زَيْد هٰ َذا الْبَي‬
‫ت‬ When there is effect (‫ نصب‬state) ‫هٰ َذا‬
ِ ْ ‫زَي ْ ٌد فِي هٰ َذا الْبَي‬
‫ت‬ After preposition (‫ جر‬state) ‫هٰ َذا‬
ْ ُ‫”م‬.
➢ Let us take practice with another word: “‫سلِم‬
examples states
ُ‫َجاء َ هٰ َذا الْ ُم ْسلِم‬ Original state (‫ رفع‬state) ُ‫هٰ َذا الْ ُم ْسلِم‬
َ‫رَأٰى زَيْد هٰ َذا الْ ُم ْسلِم‬ When there is effect (‫ نصب‬state) َ‫هٰ َذا الْ ُم ْسلِم‬
‫َس ِم َع زَيْد مِ ْن هٰ َذا الْ ُم ْسلِ ِم‬ After preposition (‫ جر‬state) ‫هٰ َذا الْ ُم ْسلِ ِم‬

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Practice of plural:
➢ As you learnt that there is no change in any state of the pointer words. In plural too, there will be no change
in any state. While doing TPI, Only one sign will be shown because only one word changes its sign.
examples states
َ‫هٰؤُ ََلءِ الْ ُم ْسلِ ُم ْون‬ Original state (‫ رفع‬state) ِ‫هٰؤُ ََلء‬

‫هٰؤُ ََلءِ الْ ُم ْسلِ ِمي َن‬ When there is effect (‫ نصب‬state) ِ‫هٰؤُ ََلء‬

‫هٰؤُ ََلءِ الْ ُم ْسلِ ِمي َن‬ After preposition (‫ جر‬state) ِ‫هٰؤُ ََلء‬
➢ Practice these sentences using TPI!
َ‫َجاء َ هٰؤُ ََلءِ الْ ُم ْسلِ ُم ْون‬
ٰ
‫رَأى زَيْد هٰؤُ ََلءِ الْ ُم ْسلِ ِمي َن‬
‫َس ِم َع زَيْد مِ ْن هٰؤُ ََلءِ الْ ُم ْسلِ ِمي َن‬
➢ Other words of Isharah are:
َ ٰٓ ‫أُول‬
‫ِئك‬ َ ِ ‫ذٰل‬
‫ك‬
those that
➢ Examples from the Qur’an: (Keep the verb & subject together during practice)
َ‫ك هٰ َذا الْقُ ْرٰان‬
َ ْ ‫اَو ْ َحيْنَۤا اِلَي‬
We have revealed to you this Qur'an
ْ ‫اِن هٰ َذا الْقُ ْرٰانَ يَهْ ِد‬
‫ى‬
Indeed, this Qu r'an guides
‫ك مَثَل‬ُ ُْ َ َ ‫وَلَقَ ْد‬
ِ ‫اس فِى هٰذا الق ْرٰا ِن مِ ْن‬
ِ ‫ض َربْنَا لِلن‬
And We have certainly presented for the people in this Qur'an
from every [kind of] example.

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Lesson Introduction – Fourth Pair
11 (that shows relation)
In this lesson we will learn the pair that shows relation between two words.
➢ You must have heard this pair:
ِ ‫الل‬ ُ ْ ‫بَي‬
‫ت‬
of Allah the house
➢ Place Dhammah on the 1st word & Kasrah on the 2nd. It shows the relation between the two words.
ِ ‫الل‬ ُ ْ ‫بَي‬
‫ت‬
The second word answers to the question: Whose?
➢ Most of the names occur on this pattern, for example:

Slave of Allah ِ ‫عَب ْ ُد اهلل‬

Slave of the most Beneficent. ‫عَب ْ ُد ال َّر ْحمٰ ِن‬
Helper of the Deen ‫الدي ْ ِن‬ِ ‫صي ْ ُر‬ ِ َ‫ن‬
➢ Here are some more examples with proper nouns:

the house of Zaid ‫ت زَيْد‬ُ ْ ‫بَي‬

Nation of Hood (AS) ‫ق َ ْومُ هُ ْود‬
Rabb of Muhammad ‫ﷺ‬ ‫ﷺ‬ ‫ب مُ َحمد‬
ُّ َ‫ر‬
➢ Let us take few more examples from the Qur’an:
ِ ‫مُ َحمد رَّ ُس ْولُ اهلل‬
Muhammad ‫( ﷺ‬is) the Messenger of Allah
ْ َ ‫اِذَا َجٓاء َ ن‬
‫ص ُر اهلل ِ وَالْفَت ْ ُح‬
When the victory of Allah and the conquest comes
ْ َ‫كَ َّذب‬
‫ت قَبْلَهُمْ ق َ ْومُ نُوح‬
Before them the people of Noah denied

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Lesson Fourth Pair (that shows relation)
12 ْ َ ‫ ن‬،‫رَفْع‬
‫ َجر‬،‫صب‬
In the last lesson, we learnt the pair that shows relation between the two words. In this lesson we will learn
how to use the third pair in sentences.
➢ We already know the pair (ِ ‫ت اهلل‬ ُ ْ ‫)بَي‬. Let us now learn the three states for this pair. Please note that the
second word is already in Jarr state so there is no change in this word, only the first word will change.
Therefore, you have to show only one TPI sign for the first word. Look at the given sentences and practice
with TPI:
examples states
ُ ْ ‫هٰ َذا بَي‬
ِ ‫ت اهلل‬ Original state (‫ رفع‬state) ُ ْ ‫بَي‬
ِ ‫ت اهلل‬
َ ْ ‫رَأٰى زَيْد بَي‬
ِ ‫ت اهلل‬ When there is effect (‫ نصب‬state) َ ْ ‫بَي‬
ِ ‫ت اهلل‬
‫َس ِم َع زَيْد مِ ْن هٰ َذا الْ ُم ْسلِ ِم‬ After preposition (‫ جر‬state) ِ ْ ‫بَي‬
ِ ‫ت الل‬
َ ُّ َ
➢ Let us take second example: ‫ب ْاْلرْ ِض‬ ‫( ر‬Rabb of the earth). Practice with the given sentences and show TPI
only once because only one word will change.
examples states
َ ُّ َ ُ َ َ ُّ َ
‫ب ْاْلرْ ِض‬ ‫اهلل ر‬ Original state (‫ رفع‬state) ‫ب ْاْلرْ ِض‬ ‫ر‬
َ َّ َ ُ ُ ْ َ َ َّ َ
‫ب ْاْلرْ ِض‬ ‫أعبد ر‬ When there is effect (‫ نصب‬state) ‫ب ْاْلرْ ِض‬ ‫ر‬
َ َ َ
‫أعُ ْوذُ ب ِـ َر ِب ْاْلرْ ِض‬ After preposition (‫ جر‬state) ‫رَ ِب ْاْلرْ ِض‬
➢ Now, let us take few examples from the Qur’an:
ُ ُ‫الَّ ِذي ْ َن يَن ْق‬
ِ ‫ض ْونَ عَهْ َد اهلل‬
Who break the covenant of Allah
‫ت وَ ْاَلَرْ ِض‬ َّ َ‫اِن ِ ْۤى اَعْلَمُ غَيْب‬
ِ ‫السمٰ ٰو‬
I know the unseen [aspects] of the heavens and the earth
ِ ‫مِ ْن َش ِر الْ َو ْس َو‬
‫اس‬
from the evil of the whisperer
ِ ‫قُل ْ ا َعُ ْوذُ ب ِ َر ِب الن‬
‫اس‬
Say, "I seek refuge in the Lord of mankind
‫ب الْفِي ْ ِل‬ َ ُّ‫ا َلَمْ ت َ َر كَي ْ َف فَعَل َ رَب‬
ْ َ ‫ك ب ِا‬
ِ ‫ص ٰح‬
Have you not considered, [O Muhammad], how your
Lord dealt with the companions of the elephant?
ً ‫اس ي َ ْد ُخل ُ ْونَ ف ِ ْى دِي ْ ِن الل ِ اَف ْ َو‬
‫اجا‬ َ ْ ‫َورَاَي‬
َ ‫ت الن‬
And you see the people entering into the religion of
Allah in multitudes
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 Lesson Fourth Pair (that shows relation)
13 with pronouns

In this lesson we will learn the use of pronouns in the pair that shows relations. For example, we will take
ُ ْ ‫بَي‬.
ٗ ‫ بَيْتُه‬instead of ِ ‫ت اهلل‬
ُ
َ ،‫ ـهُم‬،ٗ‫ـه‬. Let us use this pair in sentences and practice
➢ There will be on effect on pronouns: ‫ ـنَا‬،ْ‫ ـكم‬،‫ ـِي‬،‫ـك‬
with TPI.
examples states
ٗ ‫هٰ َذا بَيْتُه‬ Original state (‫ رفع‬state) ➢ ٗ ‫بَيْتُــه‬
ٗ ‫دَ َخل َ زَيْد بَيْتَه‬ When there is effect (‫ نصب‬state) ➢ ٗ ‫بَيْتَــه‬
‫زَي ْ ٌد ف ِ ْي بَيْتِه‬ After preposition (‫ جر‬state) ➢ ‫بَيْتِــه‬

Note: For the third case, instead of ٗ ‫ بَيْتِه‬it is read ‫ بَيْتِه‬for the convenience.
➢ Let us take another examples with a female pronoun.
examples states
‫اَهلل ُ رَبُّهَا‬ Original state (‫ رفع‬state) ➢ ‫رَبُّـــهَا‬
َ
‫أعْب ُ ُد رَبَّهَا‬ When there is effect (‫ نصب‬state) ➢ ‫رَبَّـــهَا‬
َ
‫أعُ ْوذُ ب ِ َرب ِهَا‬ After preposition (‫ جر‬state) ➢ ‫رَبِـــهَا‬
➢ Let us look at the effect of preposition on such pairs.
ْ ِ‫ م‬+ a pair of relation
If you have ‫ن‬ If you have ‫ ب ِـ‬+ a pair of relation

‫مِ ْن رَّبِــه‬ ← ٗ ‫رَبُّــه‬ ‫ب ِ َربِــه‬ ← ٗ ‫رَبُّــه‬

ْ‫مِ ْن رَّبِــ ِهم‬ ← ْ‫رَبُّــهُم‬ ْ‫ب ِ َرب ِــ ِهم‬ ← ْ‫رَبُّــهُم‬
َ ِ ‫مِ ْن رَّب‬
‫ــك‬ ← َ ُّ‫رَب‬
‫ــك‬ َ ‫ب ِ َرب‬
‫ِــك‬ ← َ ُّ‫رَب‬
‫ــك‬
‫مِ ْن رَّبِــ ْي‬ ← ‫رَب ِــ ْي‬ ‫ب ِ َرب ِــ ْي‬ ← ‫رَب ِــ ْي‬
ْ‫ــكم‬ُ ِ ‫مِ ْن رَّب‬ ← ُ ُّ‫رَب‬
ْ‫ــكم‬ ُ ‫ب ِ َرب‬
ْ‫ِــكم‬ ← ُ ُّ‫رَب‬
ْ‫ــكم‬
‫مِ ْن رَّب ِــنَا‬ ← ‫رَبُّــنَا‬ ‫ب ِ َرب ِــنَا‬ ← ‫رَبُّــنَا‬
‫مِ ْن رَّب ِــهَا‬ ← ‫رَبُّــهَا‬ ‫ب ِ َرب ِــهَا‬ ← ‫رَبُّــهَا‬

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Lesson Fourth Pair (that shows relation)
14 with plurals

In this lesson we will learn the case of third pair (that shows relation) with plurals.
The house of Allah ُ ْ ‫بَي‬
ِ ‫ت اهلل‬
The book of the Muslim ‫اب الْ ُم ْسلِ ِم‬ُ َ ‫كِت‬
The book of the Muslims ‫اب الْ ُم ْسلِ ِمي ْ َن‬ُ َ ‫كِت‬
➢ Practice these sentences showing only one TPI sign as only one word will change.
examples states
ُ َ ‫هٰ َذا كِت‬
‫اب الْ ُم ْسلِ ِمي ْ َن‬ Original state (‫ رفع‬state) ‫اب الْ ُم ْسلِ ِمي ْ َن‬
ُ َ ‫كِت‬
‫اب الْ ُم ْسلِ ِمي ْ َن‬ َ َ ‫ت كِت‬ُ ْ ‫ق َ َرأ‬ When there is effect (‫ نصب‬state) ‫اب الْ ُم ْسلِ ِمي ْ َن‬
َ َ ‫كِت‬
‫اب الْ ُم ْسلِ ِميْن‬ ِ َ ‫ت مِ ْن كِت‬ ُ ْ ‫كَتَب‬ After preposition (‫ جر‬state) ‫اب الْ ُم ْسلِ ِمي ْ َن‬
ِ َ ‫كِت‬
َ ْ ‫اب الْمُ ْسلِ ِمي‬
➢ Now, instead of ‫ن‬ ُ َ ‫ كِت‬we will take ْ‫كِتَابُهُم‬. Remember that, in case of object, it will be ْ‫ كِتَابَهُم‬and
after preposition ْ‫كِتَاب ِ ِهم‬. Let us practice with TPI!
examples states
ْ‫هٰ َذا كِتَابُهُم‬ Original state (‫ رفع‬state) ْ‫كِتَابُهُم‬
ْ‫ت كِتَابَهُم‬ ُ ْ ‫ق َ َرأ‬ When there is effect (‫ نصب‬state) ْ‫كِتَابَهُم‬
ُ ْ ‫كَتَب‬
ْ‫ت مِ ْن كِتَاب ِ ِهم‬ After preposition (‫ جر‬state) ْ‫كِتَاب ِ ِهم‬
➢ Preposition affects the noun after it! Let us take three examples:
(after)‫بَعْد‬+‫ن‬
ْ ِ‫م‬ ْ ِ‫م‬
(before)‫قبْل‬+‫ن‬
َ (other than)‫دُون‬+‫ن‬
ْ ِ‫م‬
‫مِ ْن بَع ْ ِده‬ ‫مِ ْن قَبْلِه‬ ‫مِ ْن دُوْنِه‬
ْ‫مِ ْن بَع ْ ِدهِم‬ ْ‫مِ ْن قَبْلِ ِهم‬ ْ‫مِ ْن دُوْن ِ ِهم‬
َ‫مِ ْن بَع ْ ِدك‬ َ ِ‫مِ ْن قَبْل‬
‫ك‬ َ ِ ‫مِ ْن دُوْن‬
‫ك‬
‫ي‬ْ ‫مِ ْن بَع ْ ِد‬ ‫مِ ْن قَبْلِ ْي‬ ‫مِ ْن دُوْن ِ ْي‬
ْ‫مِ ْن بَع ْ ِدكُم‬ ْ‫كم‬ ُ ِ‫مِ ْن قَبْل‬ ْ‫كم‬ ُ ِ ‫مِ ْن دُوْن‬
‫مِ ْن بَع ْ ِدنَا‬ ‫مِ ْن قَبْلِنَا‬ ‫مِ ْن دُوْنِنَا‬
‫مِ ْن بَع ْ ِدهَا‬ ‫مِ ْن قَبْلِهَا‬ ‫مِ ْن دُوْنِهَا‬
➢ Let us take few examples from the Qur’an:
ٰ ْ‫ك ي َ ْطب َ ُع اهلل ُ عَ ٰٰل قُل ُ ْو ِب ال‬
‫كفِ ِري ْ َن‬ َ ِ ‫كَ ٰذل‬ ِ ُ ‫وَّاَن الل َ ََل ي‬
‫ضي ْ ُع ا َ ْج َر الْ ُمؤْمِنِي ْ َن‬ ‫وَاهلل ُ وَل ِ ُّى الْ ُمؤْمِنِي ْ َن‬
Thus does Allah seal over the and [of the fact] that Allah does not And Allah is the ally
hearts of the disbelievers allow the reward of believers to be lost of the believers
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 3 states of ‫نصب‬
Lesson
15
In this lesson, we will learn Three states of Nasb: (1) object; (2) for emphasis; and (3) to denote the reason.
➢ Remember this example:
Why? The same? (emphasis) Who?
ً ‫َطاعَة‬ ‫ذِكْ ًرا‬ َ ‫الل‬ ُ ‫ذَكَ ْر‬
‫ت‬
in obedience (to Him) remembrance Allah I remembered
➢ Let us take additional examples for each of the above three cases.
1. Examples from the Qur’an for: Who / What? (object).
َ ْ‫َخل َ َق اهلل ُ ْاَل َر‬
‫ض‬
Allah created the earth
ِ ‫ب اهلل ُ ْاَل َمْثَالَ لِلن‬
‫اس‬ ْ َ‫ي‬
ُ ِ‫ضر‬
And Allah presents examples for the people
ْ‫وَ ََل تَقْتُل ُ ْوا ا َوَْلدَكُم‬
And do not kill your children
2. Examples from the Qur’an for: Emphasis.

‫اُذْكُ ُروا الل َ ذِكْ ًرا‬

remember Allah with remembrance
‫رَت ِ ِل الْقُ ْرٰانَ ت َ ْرتِي ْ ًل‬
and recite the Qur'an with measured recitation
‫َو ََكَّمَ اهلل ُ مُ ْو ٰسى ت َ ْْكِي ْمًا‬
And Allah spoke to Moses with [direct] speech
3. Examples from the Qur’an for: Why or for what?

‫وَ ََل تَقْتُلُْۤوا اَوْ ََلدَكُمْ َخ ْشيَة َ اِمْ َلق‬

And do not kill your children for fear of poverty
ِ ‫الص َوا ِع ِق َح َذرَ الْمَ ْو‬
‫ت‬ َّ ‫صابِعَهُمْ ف ِ ْۤى ٰاذَان ِ ِهمْ مِ َن‬
َ َ ‫جعَل ُ ْونَ ا‬
ْ َ‫ي‬
They put their fingers in their ears against the thunderclaps in dread of death
ِ ‫ات الل‬
ِ ‫ض‬َ ‫يُنْفِقُ ْونَ اَمْ َوالَهُمُ ابْتِغَٓاء َ مَ ْر‬
They spend their wealth seeking Allah's Pleasure

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Lesson
16 Additional Three States of Nasb

In the last lesson, you have learnt three states of Nasb. In this lesson we will learn additional three states of
Nasb: (4) when or what time; (5) where; (6) in which condition – external/internal.
➢ Let us extend the example that we have seen in the last lesson.
In what condition
Where? When?
(external, internal)

‫ َخائِفًا‬، ‫قَا ِع ًدا‬ ِ ْ ‫َخل ْ َف‬ ً َ ‫صب‬ ً ‫ذِكْ ًرا َطاعَة‬ ُ ‫ذَكَ ْر‬
ِ‫اْلمَام‬ ‫احا‬ َ َ ‫الل‬ ‫ت‬
while sitting, afraid behind Imam in the morning
4. Examples from the Qur’an for: When or at what time?
ُ ٰ‫اِنْ اَت‬
‫ىكمْ عَ َذابُه ٗ بَيَاتًا ا َ ْو نَهَارًا‬
if His torment should come to you by night or by day
َّ ‫ِك قَبْل َ ُطلُوْع‬
‫الشمْ ِس‬ َ ‫وَ َسب ِْح ب ِ َحمْ ِد رَب‬
ِ
and exalt [Allah] with praise of your Rabb before the rising of the sun
‫ت ق َ ْومِ ْى لَي ْ ًل ونَهَارًا‬
ُ ‫دَعَ ْو‬
I have called my people night and day
5. Examples from the Qur’an for: Where?
َّ ‫ت‬
َ ‫الش‬
ِ ‫ج َرة‬ َ َ ‫اِذْ يُبَايِع ُ ْون‬
َ ‫ك ت َ ْح‬
when they gave their Bai'a (pledge) to you (O Muhammad SAW) under the tree
ُ َ ‫وَبَنَيْنَا ف َ ْوق‬
‫كمْ َسبْعا ِش َدادًا‬
And We have built above you seven strong (heavens)
ْ ْ ُ ٰ َ
ِ‫وََل تُقتِل ْوهُمْ ِعن ْ َد المَ ْس ِج ِد ال َح َرام‬
And do not fight them at al-Masjid al- Haram
6. Examples from the Qur’an for: In which (external) condition?

‫ي َ ْذكُ ُروْنَ اهلل َ قِيٰمًا وقُع ُ ْودًا‬

They remember Allah standing and sitting
ً ‫ض ُّرعًا و ُخفْيَة‬ ُ َّ‫اُدْعُ ْوا رَب‬
َ َ ‫كمْ ت‬
Invoke your Lord with humility and in secret
Examples from the Qur’an for: In which (internal) condition?

‫وَادْعُ ْوه ُ َخ ْوفًا و َطمَعًا‬

and invoke Him with fear and hope

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Lesson
Additional five states of Nasb
17

In the last two lesson, you have learnt six states of Nasb. In this lesson we will learn additional five states of
Nasb. Let us first recall the example that we have used to explain the Nasb states:
In what condition The same?
Where? When? Why? Who?
(external, internal) (emphasis)
‫ َخائ ِفًا‬، ‫قَا ِع ًدا‬ ِ ْ ‫َخل ْ َف‬
ِ‫اْلمَام‬ ً َ ‫صب‬
‫احا‬ َ ً ‫َطاعَة‬ ‫ذِكْ ًرا‬ َ ‫الل‬ ُ ‫ذَكَ ْر‬
‫ت‬
in obedience
while sitting, afraid behind Imam in the morning remembrance Allah I remembered
(to Him)
Let us extend the above example and say that in that condition, I prayed with the following words:

In which area? Calling who? (in the pair that shows relation)
َ ْ ‫ف َا َن‬
‫ت َخيْر غَاف ِ ًرا‬ !‫ب الْعَالَ ِمي ْ َن اِغْفِ ْر ل ِ ْي‬
َّ َ‫يَا ر‬
So, You are the best in forgiving I said: O Lord of the worlds, Forgive me!

Khabar of Kana Ism of Inna

‫َو ََكنَ اهلل ُ غَفُ ْورًا‬ ‫وَاَعْلَمُ اَن الل َ غَفُ ْور‬
and Allah is Forgiving. and I know that Allah is oft-Forgiving

Negation of a class / category

ُ ‫ََل إِٰله َ إ ِ ََّل الل‬
There is no god except Allah
Let us take examples from the Qur’an for each one of these five additional states of Nasb.
7. Examples from the Qur’an for: Calling who? (in the pair that shows relation).

ِ ٰ ‫ٰۤياَهْل َ الْ ِكت‬

‫ب‬ ِ ٰ ‫اَهْل ُ الْ ِكت‬
‫ب‬
O People of the Scripture
‫يٰن ِ َسٓاء َ النب ِِى‬  ‫ن ِ َسٓاء ُ النب ِِى‬
O wives of the Prophet!
‫يَا رَبَّنَا‬  ‫رَبُّنَا‬
O our Rabb!
8. Examples from the Qur’an for: In which area?

‫رَ ِب زِدْن ِ ْى ِعلْمًا‬

O My Rabb! Increase me in knowledge.
‫ا َهلل ُ َخيْر غَاف ِ ًرا‬
Allah is the best in forgiving

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 9. Examples for The Ism of ‫( إ ِن‬and its sisters). We have learnt this in previous lessons.

‫اِن الل َ غَفُ ْور رَّ ِحيْم‬

Indeed Allah is oft-Forgiving, most Merciful
‫ك َح ِكيْم عَلَيْم‬
َ َّ‫ا ِن رَب‬
Indeed, your Lord is Wise and Knowing.
ِ ‫أ َ ْشهَ ُد أَن مُ َحم ًدا رَّ ُس ْولُ اهلل‬
Example
From
Adhan
I bear witness that Muhammad ‫ ﷺ‬is the messenger of Allah.
10. Examples from the Qur’an for: The Khabar of َ‫َكن‬
َ (and its sisters). We have learnt this one too in
previous lessons.
‫َو ََكنَ اهلل ُ غَفُ ْورًا رَّ ِحيْمًا‬
And Allah is Forgiving and Merciful
‫َو ََكنَ اهلل ُ عَلِيْمًا َح ِكيْمًا‬
and Allah is ever Knowing and Wise
ِ ْ َ‫َو ََكن‬
‫اَلن ْ َسانُ كَفُ ْورًا‬
And ever is man ungrateful
11. Examples for Negation of a class or category.
ِ ‫ىلص٭ فِيْه‬٪‫ََلرَيْبَ ۛج‬
no doubt in it
َ‫ََل ُظلْمَ الْي َ ْوم‬
No injustice today!
ِ ‫ََل َح ْولَ وَ ََل ق ُ َّوة َ إ ِ ََّل ب ِالل‬
Example
From
Zikr
No strength and no power except with Allah

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 َ
The five nouns ‫أ ْسمَاء َخمْ َسة‬
Lesson
18
َ ْ‫( أفْعَال َخم‬the five َ
We have seen that the chopper word drops ‫ ن‬of these five verbs. Such verbs are called ‫سة‬
verbs). They are classified in this way for us to remember the above change. Note again that the five verbs are:
‫ تَفْعَلِي ْ َن‬،َ‫ تَفْعَل ُ ْون‬،‫ يَفْعَل ُ ْونَ تَفْعَ َل ِن‬،‫يَفْعَ َل ِن‬.
َ
َ ْ‫ )أ ْسمَاء َخم‬that are very special in Arabic. They are:
There are five nouns (‫سة‬
َ َ
‫ ذُ ْو‬،‫ ف ُ ْو‬،‫ أ ُخ ْو‬،‫ َحمُ ْو‬،‫أبُ ْو‬
The special thing about them is the way they change their forms in the three states of ‫جر‬ ْ َ ‫ ن‬،‫رَف َ َع‬. Let us
َ ،‫صب‬
practice these states for each of the five nouns with TPI. The top row gives their meanings.

owner mouth brother father-in-law father

َ َ
‫ذُ ْو‬ ‫ف ُ ْو‬ ‫أ ُخ ْو‬ ‫َحمُ ْو‬ ‫أبُ ْو‬
َ َ
‫ذَا‬ ‫فَا‬ ‫أ َخا‬ ‫َحمَا‬ ‫أبَا‬
َ َ
ْ ِ‫ذ‬
‫ي‬ ‫ف ِ ْي‬ ‫أ ِخ ْي‬ ‫َح ِم ْي‬ ‫أب ِ ْي‬

ْ َ ‫ ن‬،‫ رَف َ َع‬for five nouns (‫)أ َ ْسمَاء َخمْ َسة‬

Three states of ‫ َجر‬،‫صب‬
َ َ
‫أ ُخ ْو زَيْد‬ ‫َحمُ ْو زَيْد‬ ‫أبُ ْو زَيْد‬
Brother of Zaid Father-in-law of Zaid Father of Zaid
َ َ
‫هٰ َذا أ ُخو زَيْد‬ ‫هٰ َذا َحمُو زَيْد‬ ‫هٰ َذا أبُو زَيْد‬
َ ُ ََْ ُ ْ ‫رَأَي‬ َ ُ ََْ
‫ت أ َخا زَيْد‬ ‫رأي‬ ‫ت َحمَا زَيْد‬ ‫ت أبَا زَيْد‬ ‫رأي‬
َ َ
‫ت مِ ْن أ ِخي زَيْد‬ ُ ْ ‫َس ِمع‬ ‫ت مِ ْن َح ِمي زَيْد‬
ُ ْ ‫َس ِمع‬ ‫ت مِ ْن أب ِي زَيْد‬ُ ْ ‫َس ِمع‬

َ ْ‫ذُو ال‬
‫ج َلل‬ ‫فُو‬
Owner of Majesty Mouth
َ ْ‫اَهلل ُ ذُ ْو ال‬
‫ج َل ِل‬ ‫هٰ َذا ف ُ ْو زَيْد‬
‫ج َل ِل‬َ ْ‫ت ذَا ال‬ ُ ‫دَعَ ْو‬ ‫ت فَا زَيْد‬ ُ ْ ‫رَأَي‬
‫ج َل ِل‬ َ ْ‫أَعُ ْوذُ ب ِ ِذي ال‬ ‫اَلْ َحل ْ َوة ُ ف ِ ْي ف ِ ْي زَيْد‬

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 َ
➢ Examples from the Qur’an - ‫أبُو‬
َ
‫خ كَبِي ْر‬
ٌ ْ ‫وَا َبُ ْونَا َشي‬  ‫أبُ ْو‬
and our father is an old man
ُ ِ ‫مَا ََكنَ مُ َحمد اَبَۤا ا َ َحد مِ ْن ر َجال‬ َ
ْ‫كم‬ ِ  ‫أبَا‬
Muhammad is not the father of [any] one of your men
َّ‫ت ي َ َدۤا اَب ِ ْى لَهَب وتَب‬
ْ َّ ‫تَب‬ َ
 ‫أب ِ ْي‬
May the hands of Abu Lahab be ruined, and ruined is he
َ
➢ Examples from the Quran - ‫أ ُخ ْو‬
َ‫قَالَ اِن ِ ْۤى اَنَا ا َ ُخ ْوك‬ َ
 ‫أ ُخ ْو‬
He said, Indeed, I am your brother
َ
‫ بِٰايٰتِنَا‬٪‫ثُم اَرْ َسلْنَا مُ ْو ٰسى وَا َ َخاه ُ هٰ ُروْنَ۟ال‬  ‫أ َخا‬
Then We sent Moses and his brother Aaron with Our signs
ِ ‫وَاَو ْ َحيْنَۤا ا ِ ٰل مُ ْو ٰسى وَا َ ِخيْه‬ َ
 ‫أ ِخ ْي‬
And We inspired to Moses and his brother
➢ Examples from the Quran - ‫ف ْو‬
ُ

ُ ‫كَبَا ِس ِط كَفَّيْه ِ اِلَى الْمَٓا ِء لِيَبْل ُ َغ فَاه‬  ‫فَا‬

like the one who stretches his hands toward water [from
afar, calling it] to reach his mouth
➢ Examples from the Quran – ‫ذ ْو‬
ُ

ْ َ‫وَاهلل ُ ذُو الْف‬

‫ض ِل الْع َ ِظي ْ ِم‬  ‫ذُ ْو‬
And Allah is the possessor of great bounty
‫قَالُ ْوا ي ٰ َذا الْقَ ْرنَي ْ ِن‬  ‫ذَا‬
They said: O Dhul-Qarnayn
‫الذكْ ِر‬
ِ ‫وَالْقُ ْرٰا ِن ذِى‬ ْ ِ‫ذ‬
 ‫ي‬
By the Qur'an containing reminder

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Lesson
Partially Flexible Nouns
19
You have learnt the three states of a typical noun and also used them in the examples:
examples states
‫َجاء َ مُ ْسلِم‬ ‫مُ ْسلِم‬
Original state
(‫ رفع‬state)
ٰ ‫مُ ْسلِ ًما‬
‫رَأى زَيْد مُ ْسلِ ًما‬
When there is effect
(‫ نصب‬state)

‫َس ِم َع زَيْد مِ ْن مُ ْسلِم‬ ‫مُ ْسلِم‬

After preposition
(‫ جر‬state)
However, there are some interesting exceptions to the signs on certain nouns, for example:
َ
No ‫اَهلل ُ أكْب َ ُر‬ No Kasrah
Tanween
َ ْ ‫صلَّي‬
َ‫ت عَ ٰٰل إ ِبْ َراهِيْمَ وَعَ ٰٰل ٰا ِل إِبْ َراهِيْم‬ َ ‫كَمَا‬
Such nouns are called Partially Flexible Nouns. They do not take any Tanween on them nor any Kasrah when
they are in Jarr state. No Tanween, No Kasrah.

Fully flexible noun

‫مُ ْسلِم‬
Original state
(‫ رفع‬state)

‫مُ ْسلِمًا‬
When there is effect
(‫ نصب‬state)

‫مُ ْسلِم‬
After preposition
(‫ جر‬state)

Partially Flexible Nouns

َ
ُ‫إِبْ َراهِي ْم‬ ‫أكْب َ ُر‬
Original state
(‫ رفع‬state)
َ
َ‫إِبْ َراهِي ْم‬ ‫أكْب َ َر‬
When there is effect
(‫ نصب‬state)
َ
َ‫إِبْ َراهِي ْم‬ ‫أكْب َ َر‬
After preposition
(‫ جر‬state)

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There are other nouns too which behave like this. To remember their types let us make a story of word types
given in the right column (The left column shows additional examples of each word type). Read the words
downwards while reading this story.
‫ معاوية‬and ‫ مريم‬got married. They were blessed with ‫ عمر‬،‫ عفان‬،‫ أحمد‬،‫إبراهيم‬. The family went to ‫ مصر‬for vacation.
They ate in ‫( مطاعم‬restaurants) and were very ‫( سعداء‬happy). However, ‫ معاوية‬was very much ‫ غضبان‬because of
heavy ‫( مصاريف‬expenses).
ُ
‫ َحمْ َزة‬،‫ ُح َذيْفَة‬،‫أ َسامَة‬  ‫مُعَاوِيَة‬
‫ زَيْنَب‬،‫ عَائ ِ َشة‬،‫فَاطِمَة‬  َ‫مَ ْريَم‬
،‫ قَارُوْن‬،‫ هَامَان‬،‫ فِرْعَ ْون‬،‫ يَعْقُ ْوب‬،‫ إ ِ ْس َحاق‬،‫إ ِ ْسمَا ِعيْل‬
 ‫إِبْ َراهِيْم‬
‫ مَارُوْت‬،‫هَارُوْت‬
َ َ َ
‫ أرْ َحم‬،‫ أكْبَر‬،‫أكْ َرم‬
َ
 ‫أ ْحمَد‬
‫ َسلْمَان‬،‫ عُثْمَان‬،‫ضان‬ َ َ‫رَم‬  ‫عَفَّان‬
َ ُ‫م‬
ُ ‫ ز ُ َحل‬،‫ض ُر‬  ‫عُمَ ُر‬
‫ بَاب ِل‬،‫ لَن ْ َدن‬،‫كة‬ َّ َ‫م‬  ‫صر‬ ْ ‫ِم‬
‫ مَ َساجِد‬،‫ مَ َشارِب‬،‫مَنَافِع‬  ‫مَ َطا ِعم‬
‫ عُقَ َلء‬،‫ عُلَمَاء‬،‫ُخلَفَاء‬  ‫ُسعَ َداء‬
‫ َشبْعَان‬،َ‫ تَعْبَان‬،‫َج ْوعَان‬  ‫ضبَان‬ ْ َ‫غ‬
‫ َم َواقِيْت‬،‫ َم َحارِيْب‬،‫صابِيْح‬ َ َ‫م‬ َ َ‫م‬
 ‫صارِيف‬
There are some exceptions to the ‫ جر‬،‫ نصب‬،‫ رفع‬rules for these partially flexible nouns that you will study later on.

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‫‪Lesson‬‬
‫‪Nahw Revision‬‬
‫‪20‬‬
‫‪Let us see the application of these rules in 5th page of the Quran as an example. Pick verses 30 till 37 from‬‬
‫‪the Mushaf and try to identify the three states on different nouns and verbs using very light marks with a pencil.‬‬
‫‪After that check it with the markings below.‬‬
‫‪ States & Examples‬اسم‬
‫)‪ High state (default‬رفع‬ ‫‪ Medium state‬نصب‬ ‫‪ Low state‬جر‬

‫ِئكة ِ اِن ِ ْى َجا ِعل ٌ فِى ْاَلَرْ ِض َخلِيْفَةًط‪ ٪‬قَالُْۤوا‬ ‫ك لِلْمَل ٰٓ َ‬ ‫وَاِذْ قَالَ رَبُّ َ‬
‫الد َمٓاء َج‪ ٪‬وَن َ ْح ُن ن ُ َسبِ ُح‬ ‫ك ِ‬ ‫جعَل ُ فِيْهَا َم ْن يُّفْ ِس ُد فِيْهَا وَي َ ْسفِ ُ‬ ‫اَتَ ْ‬
‫كط‪ ٪‬قَالَ اِن ِ ْۤى اَعْل َمُ َما ََل تَعْلَمُ ْونَ ﴿٭‪﴾30‬٭ وَعَلَّمَ‬ ‫ب ِ َحمْ ِدكَ وَنُقَ ِد ُس لَ َ‬
‫ِئكة ِ فَقَالَ اَْۢنبِئ ُ ْون ِ ْى‬ ‫ضهُمْ عَل َى الْمَل ٰٓ َ‬ ‫ٰادَمَ ْاَل َ ْسمَٓاء َ ُُكَّهَا ثُم عَ َر َ‬
‫ك ََل ِعلْمَ لَنَۤا‬ ‫ص ِدقِي ْ َن ﴿٭‪﴾31‬٭ قَالُ ْوا ُسب ْ ٰحن َ َ‬ ‫بِا َ ْسمَٓا ِء هٰۤؤُ َاَلءِ اِنْ كُنْتُمْ ٰ‬
‫ت الْعَلِيْمُ الْ َح ِكيْمُ ﴿٭‪﴾32‬٭ قَالَ ٰۤيٰادَمُ اَْۢنبِئْهُمْ‬ ‫ك اَن ْ َ‬ ‫ا ِ ََّل َما عَلَّمْتَنَاط‪ ٪‬اِن َ‬
‫كمْ اِن ِ ْۤى اَعْلَمُ‬ ‫بِا َ ْسمَٓائهمْج‪ ٪‬فَلَمۤا اَْۢنبَاَهُمْ بِا َ ْسمَٓائهمْال‪ ٪‬قَالَ اَلَمْ اَقُل ْ لَّ ُ‬
‫ِِ‬ ‫ِِ‬
‫كتُمُ ْونَ ﴿٭‪﴾33‬٭‬ ‫ت وَ ْاَلَرْ ِضال‪ ٪‬وَاَعْلَمُ َما تُب ْ ُدوْنَ وَ َما كُنْتُمْ ت َ ْ‬ ‫السمٰ ٰو ِ‬‫غَيْبَ َّ‬
‫ج ُدوْۤا ا ِ ََّل اِبْلِي ْ َسط‪ ٪‬ا َ ٰب‬ ‫ج ُدوْا ِاِلدَمَ ف َ َس َ‬ ‫ِئكة ِ ا ْس ُ‬‫وَاِذْ قُلْنَا لِلْمَل ٰٓ َ‬
‫كفِري ْ َن ﴿٭‪﴾34‬٭ وَقُلْنَا ٰۤيٰادَمُ ا ْس ُ‬ ‫ْ ٰ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ت‬ ‫ك ْن اَن ْ َ‬ ‫وَا ْستَكب َ َر َوَكنَ ِم َن ال ِ‬
‫ث ِشئْتُمَاص‪ ٪‬وَ ََل تَقْ َربَا‬ ‫جنة َ َو ُ َلُك ِمنْهَا رَغ َ ًدا َحي ْ ُ‬ ‫ك الْ َ‬ ‫َوزَو ْ ُج َ‬
‫الشي ْ ٰط ُن‬‫َّ‬ ‫الظلِ ِمي ْ َن ﴿٭‪﴾35‬٭ فَاَزَلَّهُمَا‬ ‫ّٰ‬ ‫ك ْونَا ِم َن‬ ‫ج َرة َ فَت َ ُ‬ ‫َّ‬
‫الش َ‬ ‫هٰ ِذه ِ‬
‫كم ْ‬ ‫ض ُ‬ ‫عَنْهَا فَا َ ْخ َر َجهُمَا ِمما ََكنَا فِيْهِص‪ ٪‬وَقُلْنَا اهْبِ ُط ْوا بَع ْ ُ‬
‫كمْ فِى ْاَلَرْ ِض ُم ْستَقَر وَّ َمتَاع ا ِ ٰل ِحيْن ﴿٭‪﴾36‬٭ فَتَلَّٰۤقى‬ ‫لِبَعْض عَ ُدوج‪ ٪‬وَلَ ُ‬
‫اب ال َّر ِحيْمُ ﴿٭‪﴾37‬٭‬ ‫اب عَلَيْه ِط‪ ٪‬اِنه ٗ هُ َو الت َّ َّو ُ‬ ‫ت فَت َ َ‬ ‫ٰادَمُ ِم ْن رَّبِه َُكِمٰ ٍ‬

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 Workbook
(Qur'an Part)

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 Grammar Workbook: Lesson - 01 - Verbal Sentence ‫ُج ْملَة فِعْلَيَّة‬
Q-1: Write the Simplified definitions of Sarf and Nahw.
Ans:

Q-2: What is ‫ جملة اسمية‬and ‫?جملة فعلية‬

Ans:

Q-3: Change the subject to plural in the sentences given below:

َ‫َحفِ َظ الْ ُم ْسلِمُ الْقُ ْرٰان‬
‫ث‬َ ْ ‫يَقْ َرأ ُ الْ ُمؤْمِ ُن الْ َح ِدي‬
َ ‫السي ْ َرة‬
ِ ‫الصال ِ ُح‬ َّ ‫ي َ ْس َم ُع‬
Q-4: Change the subject and the verb to feminine:
َ‫َحفِ َظ الْ ُم ْسلِمُ الْقُ ْرٰان‬
‫ث‬َ ْ ‫يَقْ َرأ ُ الْ ُمؤْمِ ُن الْ َح ِدي‬
َ ‫السي ْ َرة‬
ِ ‫الصال ِ ُح‬ َّ ‫ي َ ْس َم ُع‬
Grammar Workbook: Lesson – 02 - ‫ إِن‬and its sisters ‫ ٰل ِكن‬،‫ كَأَن‬،‫أَن‬
Q-1: What does ‫ اِن‬do to the state of first noun? Explain with the example.
Ans:

Q-2: Add ‫ اِن‬to these sentences:

‫صغِيْڑ‬َ ‫زَي ْ ٌد‬
‫صال ِ َحة‬ َ ُ ‫اَلْ ُمؤْمِنَة‬
َ‫صال ِ ُح ْون‬َ َ‫اَلْ ُمؤْمِن ُ ْون‬
Q-3: Write the words which behave like ‫إ ِن‬. What are they called? Write its examples too.
Ans:

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 Grammar Workbook: Lesson – 03 - َ‫ ََكن‬and its sisters ‫ أَمْ ٰسى‬،‫صب َ َح‬
ْ َ‫أ‬
Q-1: What does َ‫ ََكن‬do to the state of second noun? Explain with the example.
Ans:

Q-2: Add َ‫ ََكن‬to these sentences:

‫هُ ْود نَبِي‬
‫صالِح‬ َ ‫اَلْمُؤْمِ ُن‬
َ‫اَلْمُنَافِقُ ْونَ فَا ِسقُ ْون‬

Q-3: Add َ‫ ََكن‬to these sentences and change the sentences to plural:
َ ُ‫اَلْ ُم ْسلِم‬
‫صادِق‬
‫اَلْمُنَافِقَة ُ فَا ِسقَة‬
‫صادِقَة‬َ ُ ‫اَلْمُ ْسلِمَة‬
Q-4: Write the words which behave like َ‫َكن‬.
َ What are they called? Write its examples too.
Ans:

Grammar Workbook: Lesson – 04 - First pair (Preposition + Noun)

Q-1: Write the names and examples of the four important types of sentences which you learnt
so far.
Ans:

Q-2: Generally, what happens to the noun when it comes after any preposition?
Ans:

Q-3: Underline the prepositions in the words given below:

‫ف ِ ْي الْ ُمؤْمِ ِن‬ ‫إِلَى الْ ُم ْسلِ ِم‬ ‫ل ِ ُم ْسلِم‬
‫ص ِر‬ ِ ‫عَلَى النا‬ ‫صالِح‬ َ ‫مِ ْن‬ ِ ‫ب ِالل‬

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 Grammar Workbook: Lesson – 05 - First pair (Preposition + Plural Nouns)
Q-1: Complete the table given below with the prepositions:
+‫عَلَى‬ َ‫اَلْمُ ْسلِمُ ْون‬ + ‫لِـ‬ َ‫اَلْمُ ْسلِمُ ْون‬
+‫ف ِ ْي‬ َ‫اَلْمُؤْمِن ُ ْون‬ +‫مِ ْن‬ َ‫اَلْمُؤْمِن ُ ْون‬
+‫لِــ‬ َ‫لصال ِ ُح ْون‬ َّ َ ‫ا‬ +‫إِلَى‬ َ‫لصال ِ ُح ْون‬ َّ َ ‫ا‬
+‫ب ِــ‬ َ‫ص ُروْن‬
ِ ‫اَلنا‬ +‫مِ ْن‬ َ‫ص ُروْن‬
ِ ‫اَلنا‬
Q-2: Underline the prepositions and the word next to it:
‫وَمَا هُمْ بِمُؤْمِنِي ْ َن‬
‫فَاِن الل َ غَنِى عَ ِن الْعٰل َ ِمي ْ َن‬
‫هُدى ل ِلْمُتَّقِي ْ َن‬
‫ضل عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِي ْ َن‬ ْ َ ‫وَاهلل ُ ذُ ْو ف‬

Q-3: Write the prepositions you learnt so far.

Ans:

ْ َ ‫ ن‬،‫ رَفْع‬for singular nouns

َ ‫صب‬
Grammar Workbook: Lesson – 06 - ‫جر‬،
Q-1: Translate into Arabic:
A Muslim came.

Zaid saw a Muslim.

Zaid heard from a Muslim.

Q-2: Translate into English:

ُ‫َجاء َ الْمُ ْسلِم‬
َ‫رَأٰى زَيْد الْمُ ْسلِم‬
‫َس ِم َع زَيْد مِ َن الْمُ ْسلِ ِم‬

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 ْ َ ‫ ن‬،‫ رَفْع‬for plural nouns
َ ‫صب‬
Grammar Workbook: Lesson – 07 - ‫جر‬،
Q-1: Translate into Arabic:
Muslims came.

Zaid saw Muslims.

Zaid heard from Muslims.

Q-2: Translate into English:

َ‫َجاء َ الْمُ ْسلِمُ ْون‬
ٰ
‫رَأى زَيْد الْمُ ْسلِ ِمي ْ َن‬
‫َس ِم َع زَيْد مِ َن الْمُ ْسلِ ِمي ْ َن‬

Grammar Workbook: Lesson – 08 - Second pair ‫صفَة‬

ِ + ‫( ا ِ ْسم‬Singular)
Q-1: Complete the sentence by adding appropriate word:

‫…… بَيْت كَبِيْر‬..…

ٰ
……..… ‫رَأى زَيْد‬

‫ت كَبِيْر‬
ٍ ْ ‫……بَي‬..‫زَيْد‬
Q-2: Correct the sentences given below:
‫صادِق‬ َ ُ‫َجاء َ الْمُ ْسلِم‬
َ‫رَأٰى زَيْد الْمُ ْسلِم‬
‫صادِق‬ َ ‫َس ِم َع زَيْد مِ َن‬
‫زَي ْ ٌد ف ِ ْي بَيْتا كَبِي ْ ًرا‬
Q-3: Underline the pair of ‫صفَة‬
ِ + ‫ ا ِ ْسم‬in the table given below:
َ‫اط الْ ُم ْستَقِي ْم‬ َ ‫ص َر‬ِ ‫اِهْ ِدنَا ال‬
َ ِ ‫وَذٰل‬
‫ك الْفَ ْوزُ الْ ُمبِي ْ ُن‬
‫وَق ُ ْولُ ْوا لَهُمْ ق َ ْو ًَل مع ْ ُروْفًا‬
ُ ُ‫وَا ِٰله‬
‫كمْ ا ِٰله وا ِحد‬
ْ ‫ ف ِ ْى كِتٰب م‬،‫اِنه ٗ لَقُ ْرٰانٌ كَريْم‬
‫كن ُ ْون‬ ِ
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 Grammar Workbook: Lesson – 09 - Second pair ‫صفَة‬
ِ + ‫( ا ِ ْسم‬Plural)
Q-1: Complete the sentence by adding appropriate word:
َ‫صادِق ُ ْون‬
َ ……..… َ ‫َجاء‬
‫صادِقِي ْ َن‬َ ‫……مُ ْسلِمي ْ َن‬..… ‫رَأٰى‬
‫صادِقِي ْ َن‬ َ ‫…… مُ ْسلِمي ْ َن‬.. ‫َس ِم َع زَيْد‬
Q-2: Underline the pair of ‫صفَة‬
ِ + ‫( ا ِ ْسم‬plurals) in the given table below:

‫ضى عَ ِن الْقَ ْومِ الْفٰ ِسقِي ْ َن‬ٰ ‫فَاِن الل َ ََل ي َ ْر‬
ّٰ َ‫وَاهلل ُ ََل يَهْ ِدى الْقَ ْوم‬
‫الظلِ ِمي ْ َن‬
ْ ُّ‫قَالُْۤوا اِنۤا اُرْ ِسلْنَۤا ا ِ ٰل ق َ ْوم م‬
‫جرِمِي ْ َن‬
Grammar Workbook: Lesson – 10 - Third pair ‫صفَة‬ َ )ِ‫ هٰؤُ ََلء‬،‫(هٰ َذا‬
ِ +‫إشارَة‬
Q-1: Complete the sentence by adding appropriate word:

……..…‫َجاء َ هٰ َذا‬
َ ٰ
……..… ‫رَأى زَيْد هٰذا‬

……..… ‫َس ِم َع زَيْد مِ ْن هٰ َذا‬

َُ
……..… ِ‫جاء َ هٰؤَلء‬ َ
َُ ٰ
……..… ِ‫رَأى زَيْد هٰؤَلء‬
َ ُ ْ ِ‫َس ِم َع زَيْد م‬
……..… ِ‫ن هٰؤَلء‬

Q-2: Underline the pointer word and prepositions in the table given below:
َ‫ك هٰ َذا الْقُ ْرٰان‬
َ ْ ‫اَو ْ َحيْنَۤا اِلَي‬
ْ ‫اِن هٰ َذا الْقُ ْرٰانَ يَهْ ِد‬
‫ى‬
‫ك مَثَل‬ُ ُْ َ َ ‫وَلَقَ ْد‬
ِ ‫اس فِى هٰذا الق ْرٰا ِن مِ ْن‬
ِ ‫ض َربْنَا لِلن‬

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 Grammar Workbook: Lesson – 11 - Introduction - Fourth Pair (that shows relation)
Q-1: Where do we put Dhammah and Kasrah to show the relation between the two words?
Ans:

Q-2: Translate the following sentences:

ِ ‫عَب ْ ُد اهلل‬
‫ق َ ْومُ هُ ْود‬
‫ﷺ‬ ‫ب مُ َحمد‬ ُّ َ‫ر‬
‫الدي ْ ِن‬ ِ َ‫ن‬
ِ ‫صي ْ ُر‬
Q-3: In the pairs above, what does the second word in each represent?
Ans:

ْ َ ‫ ن‬،‫رَفْع‬
َ ،‫صب‬
Grammar Workbook: Lesson – 12 - Fourth Pair (that shows relation) ‫جر‬
ْ َ ‫ ن‬،‫ )رَفْع‬in the sentences given below:
Q-1: Add the missing vowels (‫ َجر‬،‫صب‬

‫هٰ َذا بَيْت الل‬

ِ ‫رَأٰى زَيْد بَيْت الل‬
ِ ‫زَيْد ف ِ ْي بَيْت الل‬
Q-2: Underline the pair of relation in the verses given below:
‫ب الْفِي ْ ِل‬ ِ ‫ص ٰح‬ َ ُّ‫اَلَمْ ت َ َر كَي ْ َف فَعَل َ رَب‬
ْ َ ‫ك ب ِا‬
‫ت وَ ْاَلَرْ ِض‬ َّ َ‫اِن ِ ْۤى اَعْلَمُ غَيْب‬
ِ ‫السمٰ ٰو‬
‫اس‬ِ ‫قُل ْ اَعُ ْوذُ ب ِ َر ِب الن‬
‫اس ي َ ْد ُخل ُ ْونَ ف ِ ْى دِي ْ ِن الل ِ اَف ْ َوا ًجا‬ َ ‫ت الن‬ َ ْ ‫َورَاَي‬
ِ ‫ض ْونَ عَهْ َد اهلل‬ ُ ُ‫الَّ ِذي ْ َن يَنْق‬
ِ ‫مِ ْن َش ِر الْ َو ْس َو‬
‫اس‬

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 Grammar Workbook: Lesson – 13 - Fourth Pair (that shows relation) with pronouns
Q-1: Make a pair by connecting the words:
‫رَبُّهَا‬ ‫دَ َخل َ زَيْد‬
ٗ ‫بَيْتُه‬ ُ ‫اَهلل‬
‫رَبَّهَا‬ ‫زَي ْ ٌد ف ِ ْي‬
ٗ ‫بَيْتَه‬ ‫هٰ َذا‬
َ
‫بَيْتِه‬ ‫أعْب ُ ُد‬
Q-2: Add the prepositions to the given words and write the complete form in the next
column:
+ ‫ب ِـ‬ ْ‫رَبُّــهُم‬
+‫مِ ْن‬ َ ُّ‫رَب‬
‫ــك‬
+ ‫ب ِـ‬ ‫رَبُّــنَا‬
+‫مِ ْن‬ ‫رَب ِــ ْي‬
+‫مِ ْن‬ ْ‫رَبُّــهُم‬
Grammar Workbook: Lesson – 14 - Fourth Pair (that shows relation) with plurals
ْ َ ‫ ن‬،‫ )رَفْع‬in the sentences given below:
Q-1: Add the missing vowels (‫ َجر‬،‫صب‬

ْ‫هٰ َذا كِتَابهُم‬

ْ‫ت كِتَابهُم‬ُ ْ ‫ق َ َرأ‬
ْ‫ت مِ ْن كِتَاب ِهم‬ُ ْ ‫كَتَب‬
‫اب الْمُ ْسلِم‬
ُ َ ‫كِت‬
Q-2: Underline the pair of relation in the verses given below:
‫وَاهلل ُ وَل ِ ُّى الْمُؤْمِنِي ْ َن‬
‫ضي ْ ُع ا َ ْج َر الْمُؤْمِنِي ْ َن‬ِ ُ ‫وَّاَن الل َ ََل ي‬
‫كفِرِي ْ َن‬ ٰ ْ‫ك ي َ ْطب َ ُع اهلل ُ عَ ٰٰل قُل ُ ْو ِب ال‬
َ ِ ‫كَ ٰذل‬

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 Grammar Workbook: Lesson – 15 - 3 states of ‫نصب‬
Q-1: What are the three states of Nasb which we learnt in this lesson?
Ans:

Q-2: Write the state of Nasb in the verses given below:

ِ ‫ب اهلل ُ ْاَلَمْثَالَ لِلن‬
‫اس‬ ُ ِ‫ضر‬ ْ َ‫ي‬
‫اُذْكُ ُروا الل َ ذِكْ ًرا‬
ِ ‫ات الل‬
ِ ‫ض‬ َ ‫يُنْفِقُ ْونَ اَمْ َوالَهُمُ ابْتِغَٓاء َ مَ ْر‬
‫َو ََكَّمَ اهلل ُ مُ ْو ٰسى ت َ ْْكِيْمًا‬
َ ْ‫َخل َ َق اهلل ُ ْاَلَر‬
‫ض‬
Q-3: Underline the state of Nasb and prepositions in the verses given below:

‫اس‬ِ ‫ب اهلل ُ ْاَلَمْثَالَ لِلن‬ ُ ‫ض ِر‬ ْ َ‫ي‬

‫وَ ََل تَقْتُلُْۤوا اَوْ ََلدَكُمْ َخ ْشيَة َ اِمْ َلق‬

ِ ‫الص َوا ِع ِق َح َذرَ الْمَ ْو‬
‫ت‬ َّ ‫صابِعَهُمْ ف ِ ْۤى ٰاذَان ِ ِهمْ مِ َن‬ َ َ ‫جعَل ُ ْونَ ا‬
ْ َ‫ي‬
ِ ‫ات الل‬
ِ ‫ض‬ َ ‫يُنْفِقُ ْونَ اَمْ َوالَهُمُ ابْتِغَٓاء َ مَ ْر‬
Grammar Workbook: Lesson – 16 - Additional Three States of Nasb
Q-1: What are the additional three states of Nasb which we learnt in this lesson?
Ans:

Q-2: Write the state of Nasb in the verses given below:

‫ت ق َ ْومِ ْى لَي ْ ًل ونَهَارًا‬ ُ ‫دَعَ ْو‬

‫كمْ َسبْعا ِش َدادًا‬ ُ َ ‫وَبَنَيْنَا ف َ ْوق‬

ً ‫ض ُّرعًا و ُّ ُخفْيَة‬
َ َ ‫كمْ ت‬ ُ َّ‫اُدْعُوا رَب‬
‫وَادْعُ ْوه ُ َخ ْوفًا و َط َمعًا‬
َّ ‫ت‬
َ ‫الش‬
ِ ‫ج َرة‬ َ ‫ك ت َ ْح‬ َ َ ‫اِذْ يُبَايِع ُ ْون‬
َّ ‫ك قَبْل َ ُطلُوْع‬
‫الش ْم ِس‬ َ ِ ‫وَ َسبِ ْح ب ِ َح ْم ِد رَب‬
ِ
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 Grammar Workbook: Lesson – 17 - Additional five states of Nasb
Q-1: Write the state of Nasb in the sentences given below:

ُ ‫ََل إِٰله َ إ ِ ََّل الل‬ ‫وَاَعْلَمُ اَن الل َ غَفُ ْور‬ ‫َو ََكنَ اهلل ُ غَفُ ْورًا‬ َ ْ ‫فَاَن‬
‫ت َخيْر غَاف ِ ًرا‬ !‫ب الْعَالَ ِمي ْ َن اِغْفِ ْر ل ِ ْي‬
َّ َ‫يَا ر‬
Q-2: Few phrases are given below, identify the state of Nasb and write them in the next
column:
‫يٰن ِ َسٓاء َ النب ِِى‬
‫الل ُ َخيْر غَاف ِ ًرا‬
‫ك َح ِكيْم عَلِيْم‬ َ َّ‫ا ِن رَب‬
‫َو ََكنَ اهلل ُ عَلِيْمًا َح ِكيْمًا‬
َ‫ََل ُظلْمَ الْي َ ْوم‬
َ
Grammar Workbook: Lesson – 18 - The five nouns ‫أ ْسمَاء َخمْ َسة‬
َ
Q-1: What are the ‫ أفْعَال َخمْ َسة‬and why is it called by this name?
Ans:

َ
Q-2: What are the ‫ أ ْسمَاء َخمْ َسة‬and what is special about them?
Ans:

َ
Q-3: Underline ‫ أ ْسمَاء َخمْ َسة‬in the verses given below and write its state too.
َّ‫ت ي َ َدۤا اَب ِ ْى لَهَب وتَب‬ ْ َّ ‫تَب‬

‫قَالُ ْوا ي ٰ َذا الْقَ ْرنَي ْ ِن‬

‫خ كَبِي ْر‬ ٌ ْ ‫وَا َبُ ْونَا َشي‬
َ‫قَالَ اِن ِ ْۤى اَنَا ا َ ُخ ْوك‬

‫الذكْ ِر‬ِ ‫وَالْقُ ْرٰا ِن ذِى‬

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 ‫‪Grammar Workbook: Lesson – 19 - Partially Flexible Nouns‬‬
‫?‪Q-1: What are “Partially Flexible Nouns” and why are they called that‬‬
‫‪Ans:‬‬

‫‪Q-2: Complete the table given below:‬‬

‫َ‬
‫أكْب َ ُر‬ ‫إِبْ َراهِيْمُ‬ ‫مُ ْسلِم‬
‫‪Original state‬‬
‫)‪ state‬رفع(‬
‫‪When there is effect‬‬
‫)‪ state‬نصب(‬
‫‪After preposition‬‬
‫)‪ state‬جر(‬

‫‪Grammar Workbook: Lesson – 20 - Nahw Revision‬‬

‫‪ states in the verses given below:‬اسم ‪Q-1: Put the correct signs of‬‬

‫ك لِلْمَل ٰٓ َ‬
‫ِئكة ِ اِن ِ ْى َجا ِعل ٌ فِى ْاَلَرْ ِض َخلِيْفَةًط‪ ٪‬قَالُْۤوا‬ ‫وَاِذْ قَالَ رَبُّ َ‬

‫الد َمٓاء َج‪ ٪‬وَن َ ْح ُن ن ُ َسبِ ُح‬

‫ك ِ‬ ‫جعَل ُ فِيْهَا َم ْن يُّفْ ِس ُد فِيْهَا وَي َ ْسفِ ُ‬
‫اَتَ ْ‬

‫كط‪ ٪‬قَالَ اِن ِ ْۤى اَعْلَمُ َما ََل تَعْلَمُ ْونَ ﴿٭‪﴾30‬٭ وَعَلَّمَ‬
‫ب ِ َحمْ ِدكَ وَنُقَ ِد ُس لَ َ‬

‫ضهُمْ عَل َى الْمَل ٰٓ َ‬

‫ِئكة ِ فَقَالَ اَْۢنبِئ ُ ْون ِ ْى‬ ‫ٰادَمَ ْاَل َ ْسمَٓاء َ ُُكَّهَا ثُم عَ َر َ‬

‫ص ِدقِي ْ َن ﴿٭‪﴾31‬٭ قَالُ ْوا ُسب ْ ٰحن َ َ‬

‫ك ََل ِعلْمَ لَنَۤا‬ ‫بِا َ ْسمَٓا ِء هٰۤؤُ َاَلءِ اِنْ كُنْتُمْ ٰ‬

‫ت الْعَلِيْمُ الْ َح ِكيْمُ ﴿٭‪﴾32‬٭ قَالَ ٰۤيٰادَمُ اَْۢنبِئْهُمْ‬ ‫ا ِ ََّل َما عَلَّمْتَنَاط‪ ٪‬اِن َ‬
‫ك اَن ْ َ‬

‫بِا َ ْسمَٓائهمْج‪ ٪‬فَلَمۤا اَْۢنب َاَهُمْ بِا َ ْسمَٓائهمْال‪ ٪‬قَالَ اَلَمْ اَقُل ْ لَّ ُ‬
‫كمْ اِن ِ ْۤى اَعْلَمُ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ِِ‬
‫ت وَ ْاَلَرْ ِضال‪ ٪‬وَاَعْلَمُ َما تُب ْ ُدوْنَ وَ َما كُنْتُمْ ت َ ْ‬
‫كتُمُ ْونَ ﴿٭‪﴾33‬٭‬ ‫غَيْبَ َّ‬
‫السمٰ ٰو ِ‬
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