INTEGRATIVE ARTS
LINE
The word ART is quite difficult to define and its
definition has been highly contested throughout
history. The word originated from the Latin word
“ars" which means skill and with the Greek word
“techne” which means technology. A common
definition of art is that it is used to express ideas
or feelings through creative processes and
imagination.
VISUAL ARTS
Visual arts is an expression of artistic ideas
through images, structures, and tactile work.
Painting, sculpture, and architecture are
considered as examples of it.
LITERARY ARTS
Literary arts is an expression of ideas through
writing. There are many types of literary artworks.
POETRY
It is considered as one of the oldest forms of
literature characterized by its imaginative and
figurative language.
PROSE
When an imaginative literary piece is not written
in figurative language, then it is considered as
prose. Prose is usually written in complete and
grammatical narratives.
DRAMA
When a text is written to be performed and not
just read, then it is considered as drama.
PERFORMING ARTS
Performing arts is an expression of an artistic idea
through written lyrics, text, dramatization, and
multimedia production.
ELEMENTS OF ART
SPACE
When we say space, it can vary depending on
what art discipline it pertains to. In visual arts, this
may pertain to emptiness which may either be
positive space or negative space.
In visual arts, a line is a series of points. It may
come in two characteristics:
● Form - curved, dotted, or broken
● Direction - vertical, horizontal, or diagonal
SHAPE AND FORM
Shape is formed by connecting both ends of a line.
Shapes are two dimensional figures with height
and width.
KINDS OF SHAPE
● Geometric shapes - are enclosed figures such as
triangles, squares, and other structured figures.
● Organic shapes - are shapes found in nature.
They do not have a structured form as they are
usually free flowing.
● Abstract shapes - are like organic shapes for
they lack definition, but they are not necessarily
found in nature.
COLOR
In visual arts, color is associated with the natural
phenomenon in our environment. Scientifically,
when a light passes through a prism, it will
produce different hues of different wavelengths.
VALUE
In visual arts, value is considered a property of a
color which pertains to its lightness or darkness
TEXTURE
In visual arts, texture is the tactile or illusory
surface of the piece.
PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
The elements of art may be organized in a way
that it can create a more compelling artwork. This
organization of elements is called principles of
design.
SCALE AND PROPORTION
Scale and proportion refer to the relationship of
the elements, specifically its relative size of parts
of a whole.

HARMONY
In general, you can say an art piece is in harmony
when the different parts produce an overall
positive impact or effect.
VARIETY
In other terms, variety may be referred to as
diversity.
MOVEMENT
Movement is a basic principle of nature and is
associated with the environment. All living things,
non-living things, and heavenly bodies move
naturally.
RHYTHM
This refers to the repetition of certain elements to
produce a pattern.
BALANCE
Balance refers to the even and equal distribution
of elements.
TWO TYPES OF BALANCE IN VISUAL
ARTS
Informal balance - also called asymmetrical, is
present when the designs are not equally
distributed on both sides.
Formal balance - also called symmetrical, is
present when the weight of the designs is equally
distributed.
EMPHASIS AND SUBORDINATION
Emphasis is a principle which may refer to the
greater impact given on a certain element.
Subordination serves as the opposite of emphasis
as it refers to how certain elements only serve as a
supplement to the emphasized element in a
design.
ART FORMS IN THE PHILIPPINES
PRE-COLONIAL ART
Artistic production in the Philippines started even
before the colonizers reached the Philippine
islands. Art was often used by the people in their
daily lives. Our ancestors weaved fabrics for
dresses, made weapons for battles, and chanted to
bring good harvest.
- Kashawing Ritual
- Manunggul Jar
- Agung Ensemble
- Man-Manok
- Banog-Banog
- Talip
- Okir
- Bulul
SPANISH COLONIAL ART
During the 16th century, upon the arrival of the
Spaniards, indigenous art changed. Spanish
colonization brought Catholicism and imposed
their Western culture. This conversion caused the
birth of the religious or Christian and folk arts.
Towns or pueblos were created in a structure of
plaza complexes, with the church at the center of
each town.
- Pasyon o Pabasa
AMERICAN AND JAPANESE COLONIAL
ART
Americans introduced the public education system
in the Philippines. Their schools, however,
required students to learn English. This brought
forth Philippine Literature in English. Initially,
these pieces are characterized by a poor use of
language as the Filipinos only mimicked their
American teachers.
- Vaudeville or Bodabil
CONTEMPORARY ART IN THE
PHILIPPINES
When the late former president Ferdinand Marcos
started his administration, the birth of
Contemporary Arts in the Philippines began.
Culture and the arts were focused on his vision of
the “New Society.” The Cultural Center of the
Philippines was then established and urban
planning and architecture were more focused.