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RESEARCH ARTICLE | NOVEMBER 17 2016

Lactose intolerance among Malay

and Orang Asli female children in
selected rural Selangor and its
effect on bone mineral density 
Ika Aida Aprilini Makbul; Norlida Mat Daud;
Nurul Azrianti Abdul Aziz; Noor Fairuzi Suhana Yahya

 Author & Article Information

AIP Conf. Proc. 1784, 030046 (2016)
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4966784

Sufficient intake of calcium during childhood is very

important to ensure an optimal growth and strong
bones development. However, lactose intolerance (LI)
may limit the intake of milk and dairy products due to
the inability of the body to digest lactose to its
constituents, glucose and galactose. Children in rural
area were a major concern as they are commonly
associated with an inadequate intake of nutrients.
Hence, the objectives of this study are to determine the
prevalence of LI among Malay and Orang Asli female
children in rural Selangor and its association with bone
mineral density (BMD). A total of 65 (39 Malay, 26
Orang Asli) female primary school students with a
mean age of 10.4 ± 0.6 years old underwent hydrogen
breath test and lactose tolerance test (LTT) during
fasting and after ingestion of 25g lactose solution. A
Wong Baker Face Pain Rating Scale (WBFPRS) was
used to assess the presence of gastrointestinal (GI)
symptoms during the study. LI symptoms are defined
when breath H2 levels exceed 20 ppm above baseline
values, an increase of postprandial blood glucose
(PBG) levels of less than 1.1 mmol/L and GI symptom
score is more or equal than score 2. BMD was
measured in the calcaneus using QUS-2
Ultrasonometer. The result showed that 35 subjects (15
Malay, 20 Orang Asli) had a positive breath test
(>20ppm). A total of 74.4% Malay and 88.5% Orang
Asli children had an increase of PBG of less than 1.1
mmol/L. Both groups have low percentage (35.9 %
Malay, 34.6 % Orang Asli) of GI symptoms. A total of
20.0% children (n=13, Malay=4, Orang Asli=9) was
found to experience LI. Orang Asli children showed a
significantly higher (p<0.001) BMD (95.7 ± 11.0
dB/MHz) compared to Malay children (71.7 ± 8.6
dB/MHz). The result shown there is an association
between LI with BMD (p=0.031). Hence, LI does affect
in decreasing an individual BMD. In conclusion, the
prevalence of LI among female children in rural
Selangor is low. However, the relationship between LI
and BMD shown in this study need to be addressed
carefully starting from an early age as insufficient intake
of calcium can affect bone health development needed
throughout their entire life.

Topics
Chemical elements, Educational assessment,
Carbohydrates

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Online ISSN 1551-7616 Print ISSN 0094-243X

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