Experiment No.

6
NAME: JUSTIN LORENZ CATLI DATE PERFORMED: ________________
GROUP NO: ___________ DATE SUBMITTED: ________________
SECTION: ST12P3 RATING: _________________________

How Plant Tissues Look Like

Introduction:

The cells in a eukaryote number in millions to billion and come in all shapes and sizes in a living
world. These tiny structures are the basic unit of living organisms. Cells comprise tissues, tissues
comprise organs. Organs form organ systems and organ systems work together in an organism. This lab
activity focuses on classifying tissues specifically plant and animal tissues.

Objective:

 To familiarize some common cell types in a plant cell.

Specific objective:

 Identify phloem and xylem tissues in Plants from the prepared slides
 Draw their labeled diagrams
 Describe plant cells

Materials

Prepared slide of Parenchyma tissue

Prepared slide of Sclerenchyma tissue
Compound microscope

Procedure

1. Take the slide containing the parenchyma tissue and place it on the slide of the compound
microscope.
2. Observe the features of the tissue using the low power lens (40X) of the compound
microscope.
3. Draw the diagram based on your observations and label the features.
4. Repeat the same procedure for the slide containing the sclerenchyma tissue.
Phloem: SPONGE SKELETON

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Figure description:

 slender structures
 It resembles what we in Bisaya refer to as "guso" or "sea moss"
 Hexagonal configuration

Xylem: CORN MACERATED STEM

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Figure description:

 It seems transparent.
 It resembles a stem crossing over to each other.
 It appears to have a vivid crimson colour.
Questions:

1. How does phloem and xylem different in terms of function? Shape?

 Phloem is in charge of the unidirectional movement of water and minerals within the
plant while xylem predominantly moves organic substances, such as sugars and amino
acids, in both directions. Phloem is made up of fibers and sieve components, whereas
xylem cells contain thick lignified walls that sustain the plant's structure.

2. What comprises the Phloem? Xylem?

 Phloem and xylem, which both assist the transportation of water and minerals and are both
reinforced by fibers for structural integrity, are both essential to a plant's existence. Phloem
facilitates the transport of organic nutrients, while xylem supports the transportation of water
and minerals.

CONCLUSION:

To conclude, phloem and xylem are both significant plant vascular tissues with different compositions
and roles. Phloem, which consists of companion cells, fibers, and parenchyma cells as well as sieve tube
components, has the primary job of transporting organic resources like glucose. The primary purpose of
xylem is to transport water and minerals throughout the plant. These two circulatory tissues work
together to support the vital functions of nutrient uptake and water uptake, which are essential to the
plant's overall health and growth.
 Experiment No. 7
NAME: JUSTIN LORENZ CATLI DATE PERFORMED: ________________
GROUP NO: ________________________ DATE SUBMITTED: ________________
SECTION: ST12P3 RATING: _________________________

How do Animal Tissues Look Like?

Introduction:

The basic unit of living tissue is the cell. Cells are specialized in their anatomy and physiology to
perform different tasks. All cells exhibit a voltage difference across the cell membrane. Nerve cells and
muscle cells are excitable. Their cell membrane can produce electrochemical impulses and conduct
them along the membrane. In muscle cells, this electric phenomenon is also associated with the
contraction of the cell. In other cells, such as gland cells and ciliated cells, it is believed that the
membrane voltage is important to the execution of cell function.

Objectives:

 To identify the basic animal cell type (e.g animal tissues) from the prepared slides;
 To classify an animal tissue.

Materials Required

Prepared slide of epidermal, connective, muscular, and nervous tissues

Compound microscope

Procedure

 Take the slide containing the epidermal tissue and place it on the slide of the compound
microscope.
 Observe the features of the epidermal tissue using the scanner, low power lens and high power
lens of the compound microscope.
 Draw the diagram based on your observations and label the features.
 Repeat the same procedure for the slide containing the connective, muscular, and nervous
tissues. Epidermal Tissue

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Observations- Epidermal Tissue: GRASHOPPER TESTIS

 from huge to small sizes

 Dotted polka dot pattern
 The form could be circular or oval.

Connective Tissue: MAMMAL MOTOR NERVE

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Observations- Connective Tissue

 It resembles an elongated form.

 The look varies depending on where it is in the body.
 Looks like a group of worms, also a "seaweed"

Muscular Tissue

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Observations - Muscular Tissue

 It looks like a fruit that has been cut in half, either an orange or a lemon.
 There are numerous projections that resemble fingers on the inside lining of the small intestine.
 The colour seems to be pinkish or reddish.

Nervous Tissue
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Observations - Nervous Tissue

 It looks to be a brilliant red-pink colour given that blood is known to fill human veins.
 It appears to be round in shape.
 In particular, it appears smooth when looking at the lumen and tunica intima.

Questions:

1. How striated muscle fiber and a nerve cell different in terms of function? Shape?

 In the human body, striated muscle fibers and nerve cells are different cell types with specialized
structures and functions. Striated muscle fibers, which are distinguished by their long, cylindrical
structure, are what cause muscle contractions and movement. As the body's network of
communication, nerve cells transport electrical signals via the nervous system and have a
unique form with elements including dendrites, a cell body (soma), and an axon. The striated
muscle fibres that enable physical movement and the nerve cells that facilitate information
transfer within the neurological system are two examples of the two types of cells that play
crucial roles in the body.

2. How the nerve cell does conducts electricity on an animal body?

 Through the quick transfer of information inside the neural system made possible by this
mechanism, animals' sensory perception, motor control, and other body functions are made
possible. When a neuron is triggered, it quickly alters its electrical charge by allowing ions to
flow in and out of the cell, a process known as the "action potential." Nerve cells, also known as
neurons, conduct electricity in the animal body. This generates an electrical signal in the form of
a wave of depolarization and repolarization that travels the length of the neuron.
Neurotransmitters are released when the action potential reaches the end of a neuron, and they
then pass the signal on to the following neuron or effector cell (muscle or gland).
 CONCLUSION:

To conclude, nerve cells and muscle fibers form the basis for the body's capacity to react to and act on
inputs, enabling coordinated and intentional movement. Neurons, also known as nerve cells, are
essential parts of the nervous system and are crucial for the transmission of electrical signals. They
produce action potentials in response to stimuli, letting the body to quickly transmit information. On the
other hand, muscle fibers are in charge of enabling voluntary motions by contracting and producing
force. They can be identified by their distinctive striated appearance and cylindrical, multinucleated
structure.