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Political Science
Political Science
Derived from the words “ polis ” and “ scire ” which means “ city-state ” and “to know ” or “to study ”
Branch of Social Science that deals with the theory and practice of politics, description and analysis of
political system and political behavior
The study of the activities of the goverment determining who gets what and how
Is the study of politics and power from domestic, international and comparative perspective
Branch of public law which deals with the organization and operations of the govermental organs of the state
and defines the relations of the state with the inhabitants of its territory
Political Actors
This would include all think leaders and relatively high level policymakers who have a significant impact on
the formation and execution of policies that have an impact on society or foreign affairs.
FORMS OF GOVERNMENT
1. Monarchy
o The power of the government is vested upon a single person
o Example: king and queen
POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES
o could be seen as commitments in order to change political system
o Ideologies provide an explanation for problems but confronts modern societies by providing futuristic visions
FEATURES OF IDEOLOGY
o It offers an account of the existing order, usually in the “ world view ”
o it advances a model of the desired future, a vision of the good society
o it explains how political change can should be brought about - how to get from the two other features
INTELLECTUAL COMPONENTS OF AN IDEOLOGY
o Values
o The vision of the ideal polity
o the conception of the human nature
o the strategy of action
o Political Tactics
IDEOLOGIES
1. Liberalism (the left)
o “liber ” which means ‘’free men ”
o A view that sees more need for change and improvement in social relations requiring governmental
involvement and that society must be free, free from government interventions
2 types of Liberalism
1. Classical Liberalism
o subscribed to egotistical individualism; have a belief in negative freedom and have a broadly positive
view of civil society
2. Neoliberalism
o the state are constantly interacting with each other and that they value cooperation as part of their own
interest
3. Socialism
derived from “ socialist” meaning to combine or to share is an economic and political doctrine advocating
governmental ownership and direction of production and services but would retain existing institutions as the
means of regulating
4. Social Democracy
it is moderate or reformist brand of socialism that favor the balance between the market ang the state rather
than the abolition of capitalism
become welfare states that the focus on improvement of living conditions such as unemployment and medical
insurance, generous pension and subsidized food and housing
5. Communism
it is an economic, social and political system seeking government ownership of the means production and
services directed by a process of scientific administration and universal assent
it is an extreme left wing ideology, based on the revolutionary teachings of Karl Marx, characterized by
collective ownership and planned economy
6. Fascism
derived from “fasces ” , which means a bundle of rods with an axe-blade protruding that signified the
authority that magistrates in Imperial Rome
is a movement that stand outmoded, repressive social and political condition rejecting democracy, repudiates
constitutionalism and stresses that all values arise from the state against which the individual has no rights
7. Religious Fundamentalism
fundamentalism from the Latin word “fundamental” , meaning base
it is associated with inflexibility, dogmatism, authoritarianism or worst violence. it is characterize by a
rejection of the distinction between politics and religion
8. Feminism
derive from the Latin word “femina ” meaning female or woman, concerned with the attainment of gender
equality in the political, economic and social spheres of life
The basic idea of feminism: that woman experience a poor state of society as consequence of the patriarchy,
male domination of women should be overthrown
9. Environmentalism
an ideology focusing on the idea that environment is endangered and must be preserved through regulation
and lifestyle changes
its concern is about the natural environment and particularly about reducing environmental degradation that is
more policy