(MRK-3100P) Service Manual

Auto-Refractometer/Keratometer MRK3100P/MR3100P
Contents
I. Important Notice ............................................................................................................... 2
II. Safety Information ........................................................................................................... 3
1. Introduction ............................................................................................................... 3
2. Safety Symbols ......................................................................................................... 4
3. Environment Factors................................................................................................. 5
4. Safety Precautions .................................................................................................... 7
III. Product Outline............................................................................................................. 10
1. Nomenclature .......................................................................................................... 10
2. Optical System ........................................................................................................ 14
3. Electrical System .................................................................................................... 18
4. Mode Setting ........................................................................................................... 28
5. Principles of Measurement ..................................................................................... 30
IV. Repair Standard............................................................................................................ 35
1. Checking and Control.............................................................................................. 35
2. Disassembly and Assembly Procedure .................................................................. 65
V. Troubleshooting ............................................................................................................ 78
VI. Technical Materials...................................................................................................... 86
1
I. Important Notice
This product may malfunction due to electromagnetic waves caused by portable personal
telephones, transceivers, radio-controlled toys, etc. Be sure to avoid having objects such
as, which affect this product, brought near the product.
The information in this publication has been carefully checked and is believed to be
entirely accurate at the time of publication. Huvitz assumes no responsibility, however, for
possible errors or omissions, or for any consequences resulting from the use of the
information contained herein.
Huvitz reserves the right to make changes in its products or product specifications at any
time and without prior notice, and is not required to update this documentation to reflect
such changes.
2
II. Safety Information
1. Introduction
Safety is everyone’s responsibility. The safe use of this equipment is largely dependent upon
the installer, user, operator, and maintainer. It is imperative that personnel study and become
familiar with this entire manual before attempting to install, use, clean, service or adjust this
equipment and any associated accessories. It is paramount that the instructions contained in
this manual are fully understood and followed to enhance safety to the patient and the
user/operator. It is for this reason that the following safety notices have been placed
appropriately within the text of this manual to highlight safety related information or information
requiring special emphasis. All users, operators, and maintainers must be familiar with and pay
particular attention to all Warnings and Cautions incorporated herein.
! WARNING
“Warning“ indicates the presence of a hazard that could result in severe personal injury,
death or substantial property damage if ignored.
NOTE
“Note” describes information for the installation, operation, or maintenance of which is

important but hazard related if ignored.
! CAUTION
“Caution” indicates the presence of a hazard that could result in minor injury, or property
damaged if ignored.
3
2. Safety Symbols
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) has established a set of symbols for
medical electronic equipment which classify a connection or warn of any potential hazards. The
classifications and symbols are shown below.
Save these instructions
I and O on power switch represent ON and OFF respectively.

Type B Isolated patient connection.
Signal Input/Output Connection.
IPX1 Drip-Proof Equipment.
This symbol identifies a safety note. Ensure you understand the

function of this control before using it. Control function is
described in the appropriate User’s or Service Manual.
Manufactured by Huvitz(year).
Hot surface.
Identifies the point where the system safety ground is fastened

to the chassis. Protective earth connected to conductive parts of
Class I equipment for safety purposes.
4
3. Environment Factors
Avoid the following environments for operation or storage:
Where the
equipment is
Where the
exposed to
equipment is
water vapor.
exposed to direct
Don’t operate an
sunlight.
equipment with a
wet hand.
Where the
temperature
changes extremly.
Normal operating Where it is near the
temperature ange is heat
from equipment.
10°C to 40°C,
Humidity is from 30% to
75%.
Where the
Where the humidity is equipment is
extremely high or there is subject to
a ventilation problem. excessive shocks
or vibrations.
5
Where equipment is
Be careful not to
exposed to chemical
be inserted dust,
material or explosive
especially, metal.
gas.
Don’t disassemble the Be careful not to close

product or open. We the fan located on the
aren’t responsible for it lateral or back side of the
for nothing. equipment.
Don’t plug the AC

power cord into the
outlet before the
connection
Pull out the power cord
between devices of
with holding the plug,
the
not the cord.
equipment is
completed.
This can generate the
defect.
Avoid places where the ambient temperature falls below 10℃ or exceeds 40℃ for normal
operation, or below -10°C℃ or exceeds 40°C℃ (14°F~-104°F) for transportation and storage.
Humidity should be maintained between 30 and 75% for normal operation, transportation and
storage. Avoid environments where the equipment is exposed to excessive shocks or vibrations.
6
4. Safety Precautions
This equipment has been developed and tested according to safety standards as well as
national and international standards. This guarantees a very high degree of safety for this
device. The legislator expects us to inform the user expressively about the safety aspects in
dealing with the device. The correct handling of this equipment is imperative for its safe
operation. Therefore, please read carefully all instructions before switching on this device. For
more detailed information, please contact our Customer Service Department or one of our
authorized representatives.
1. This equipment must not be used (a) in an area that is in danger of explosions and (b) in
the presence of flammable, explosive, or volatile solvent such as alcohol, benzene or
similar chemicals.
2. Do not put or use this device in humid rooms. Humidity should be maintained between 30
and 75% for normal operation. Do not expose the device to water splashes, dripping water,
or sprayed water. Do not place containers containing fluids, liquids, or gases on top of any
electrical equipment or devices.
3. The equipment must be operated only by, or under direct supervision of a properly trained
and qualified person.
4. Modifications of this equipment may only be carried out by Huvitz’s service technicians or
other authorized persons.
5. Customer maintenance of this equipment may only be performed as stated in the User’s
Manual and Service Manual. Any additional maintenance may only be performed by
Huvitz’s service technicians or other authorized persons.
6. The manufacturer is only responsible for effects on safety, reliability, and performance of
this equipment when the following requirements are fulfilled: (1) The electrical installation in
the respective room corresponds to the specifications stated in this manual and (2) This
equipment is used, operated, and maintained according to this manual and Service Manual.
7. The manufacturer is not liable for damage caused by unauthorized tampering with the
device(s). Such tampering will forfeit any rights to claim under warranty.
8. This equipment may only be used together with accessories supplied by Huvitz’s. If the
customer makes use of other accessories, use them only if their safe usability under
7
technical safety aspects has been proved and confirmed by Huvitz or the manufacturer of
the accessory.
9. Only persons who have undergone proper training and instructions are authorized to install,
use, operate, and maintain this equipment.
10. Keep the User’s Manual and Service Manual in a place easily accessible at all times for
persons operating and maintaining the equipment.
11. Do not force cable connections. If a cable does not connect easily, be sure that the
connector (plug) is appropriate for the receptacle (socket). If you cause any damage to a
cable connector(s) or receptacle(s), let the damage(s) be repaired by an authorized service

technician.
12. Please do not pull on any cable. Always hold on to the plug when disconnecting cables.
13. This equipment may be used for the international application related to Refractometry and
Keratometry according to this manual.
14. Before every operation, visually check the equipment for exterior mechanical damage(s)
and for proper function.
15. Do not cover any ventilation grids or slits.
16. Immediately turn off and unplug any equipment that gives off smoke, sparks, strange
noises, or odors.
8
9
10
1. Nomenclature
III. Product Outline
Name Function
① Height Adjustment mark Adjust the height of the examinee’s eye to this mark.
② Height Adjustment lever Moving the height of chin rest up and down.
③ Operation Panel There are several function buttons.
Fuse which protects this instrument from the excess

④ Fuse
electric power or shock.
⑤ Power Supply Connector Connector for the power cable.
⑥ Power switch Switch for turning power ON or OFF.
⑦ Operation Lamp Indicate whether the power is ON or OFF.
⑧ Display Monitor Monitor that displays measurement results.
⑨ Measurement Button Press this button to start measurements.
⑩ Operation Lever Use this lever for alignment and focusing.
⑪ Stage Holding Dial Lock the stage to the base.
11
12
Name Function
Window for the examinee to look into the target

① Measurement Window
image for measurements.
② Printer To print results of measurement
③ Interface Connector Connector for external computer.
④ External Monitor Connector Connector for external monitor or VTR.
⑤ Brightness Adjuster Adjust the brightness of monitor.
⑥ Contrast Adjuster Adjust the contrast of monitor.
Place the examinee’s forehead against it to

⑦ Forehead Rest
avoid shaking.
Place the examinee’s chin on it to avoid

⑧ Chin Rest
shaking.
⑨ Clamping Bolt To lock the system stage to the base
13
14
2. Optical System
2-1. List of Optical Components
1 : patient’s eye
2-1, -2 : LED for lightening cornea
3 : ring unit of the keratometry
4-1 : protective glass
4-2 : half mirror
4-3 : half mirror
4-4 : reflection mirror
5 : objective Lens
6 : diaphragm
7 : project group of measurement chart (R)
7-1 : hole mirror
7-2 : aperture
8 : light source (R)
9 : refraction prism (R)
9-1 : diaphragm
10 : relay lens
11 : TV camera (R)
12 : relay lens for keratometry
13 : TV camera (K)
14 : moving lens used to modify the eyesight
15 : internal chart
16 : illumination LED
R = Refractometer
K = Keratometer
15
2-2. Light Paths of the System
Ａ : External illumination ( 2 - 1 , 2 - 2 ! 1 )
Ｂ : Corneal observation system ( 1 ! 4 - 1 ! 4 - 2 ! 4 - 3 ! 1 2 ! 1 3 )
Ｃ : Ker measurement system (3!1!4-1!4-2!4-3!12!13)
Ｄ : Projection system of the REF measurement chart (8!7-2!
7-1!6!5!4-2!4-1!1)
Ｅ : Projection system of the REF measurement (1!4-1!
4-2!5!6!7-1!9-1!9!10!11)
Ｆ : Il lu mi na tio n system of the light source for Retro-Illum observation (8 !7-2 !7 -

1!6!5!4-2!4-1!1)
Ｇ : I m a g e c a p t u r i n g s y s t e m o f R e t r o - I l l u m observation ( 1 ! 4 - 1 !
4-2!4-3!12!13)
Ｈ : Projection system of the target chart ( 1 6 ! 1 5 ! 1 4 ! 4 - 4 ! 4 - 3 ! 4 - 2 !
4-1!1)
16
17
3. Electrical System
3-1. Electrical system block diagram
3-1-1. System functional block diagram
18
3-1-2. Power input electrical block diagram
PSU (SMPS)
Power switch include Noise Filter
(DPST)
Dual Line Fuse
AC 100-240~
DC Output
+5V
+7.2V
+15V
19
3-2 Electrical wiring
3-2-1. Main Board
J5
J2 J3 J4 J6
J1
J7
J8
J9
J10
J12
J13 J15 J17

J14
20
3-2-2. Description of wire harness connection of main board
Connecto No. Description Target connector
J1 Main power connector IO B/D JP7

J2 Mire ring LED connector Mire ring ass’y
J3 External illumination LED connector Ext LED ass’y
J4 Not Used -
J5 IO Board interface connector 1 IO B/D JP3
J6 IO Board interface connector 2 IO B/D JP6
J7 Monitor ROM socket Monitor ROM B/D
J8 Video output connector IO B/D JP9
J9 Serial port (COM2) IO B/D JP2

J10 Serial port (COM1) : Handshake IO B/D JP11
J11 Not Used -
J12 REF CCD camera connector REF CCD camera

J13 Motor board control signals connector Motor B/D JP1
J14 Ready LED connector Ready LED ass’y
J15 Motor B/D Power connector Motor B/D JP7

J16 Not Used -
J17 KER CMOS camera connector KER CMOS camera
21
22
JP9
3-2-3.
JP6
JP5
Motor Board
JP4
JP3
JP1
JP7
JP2
3-2-4. Description of wire harness connection of motor board
Connector No. Description Target connector
JP1 Motor board control signals connector Main B/D J1

RER LED/
JP2 Optic head illumination part connector
CHART LED/
JP3 REF fogging method motor connector REF Motor
JP4 KER aperture control motor connector KER Motor
JP5 Chart change motor connector CHART Motor
JP6 KER aperture Photo Interrupter connector KER PI
JP7 Motor B/D Power connector Motor B/D J15
JP8 Not Used -
JP9 Chart change Photo Interrupter connector CHART PI
23
3-2-5. Base IO Interface Board
JP3
JP6
JP8
JP1
JP13
JP5
JP12
JP11
JP9
JP2
JP7
JP10
JP4
24
3-2-6. Description of wire harness connection of IO Board
Connecto No. Description Target connector
JP1 Thermal printer connector Thermal Printer

JP2 Serial port (COM2) Ext. D-SUB connecot
JP3 IO Board interface connector 1 Main B/D J3
JP4 DC Power input connector SMPS
JP5 PD/Limit SW connector PD/Limit SW
JP6 IO Board interface connector 2 Main B/D J6
JP7 DC Power output connector Main B/D J1
JP8 Key pad connector Key pad ass’y
JP9 Video input connector Main B/D J8

JP10 External video output connector External BNC connector
JP11 Serial port (COM1) : Handshake Ext. D-SUB connector
JP12 Joystick connector Joystick ass’y
25
3-3. Layout diagrams for PCB
3-3-1. Picture of Main Board
G
C
B
D
B
F
E
ID Ref No. Part name / Description Target connector
A U13 CPU S4C44B0X MPU (Main Controller Unit)

B U10 FPGA Actel A54SX32A FPGA (Logic Array)
C U9 SDRAM K4S641632D-1H1L Main Data memory
D U6,U11 SDRAM K4S641632D-1H1L Video frame buffer
E BT1 RTC Battery : Li-Ion battery Battery power during turn-off time
F U17 Serial EEPROM 24C16 EEPROM for system variables
G U8 Flash memory 39VF800A Main code memory
H U5 Darlington TR array TD62083AF TR array for driving Power device
26
27
4. Mode Setting
Turn-on the system with pressing button as following content of table
MRK-3100P Mode
Changing of setting from MR-3100P to MRK-
☞ 3100P. The MRK-3100P Main board can be

changed between MRK and MR without
☞ changing of program.
Refracto-Keratometer
MR-3100P Mode
Changing of setting from MRK-3100P to MR-

3100P. In this mode, the procedure of KER
☞ motor test will be skipped.
Hardware Test Mode
This mode is valid for Hardware test.
☞ Ex. CRT adjustment,

contrast/brightness adjustment.
☞
Company Logo Change
The MRK-3100P Main board

have three kinds of logo. And The
logo can be changed without
☞ modification of program Repeated
☞ pressing of button cycles through
each logo (A -> B -> C -> A) .
28
Alignment Mode
Sometimes, during the manufacturing

process, the skip of motor test would
☞ be necessary. In this case, at the start
☞ of initializing, the motor test procedures

are skipped.
Debugging Mode
After sale or after full assembled. It is possible to

be happened some malfunctions. In this case, the
engineers need debugging messages those are
concerned with system situation. Debugging mode
☞☞ support debugging messaged through the COM

port.
Version information saving mode
In the factory, the information of version has to be

☞ stored in the system. With pressing this button,
turn-on. The version of S/W will be stored in the
EEPROM of MainBoard.
S/W upgrade Mode
The MRK-3100P can be upgraded without

changing program ROM. Just need. download
through the serial port (ex. COM). In this case, The
engineer can do a S/W upgrade.
☞
29
5. Principles of Measurement
5-1. Measurement principle of refractometry
(1) Light beam from the source is incident on the examinee’s eye and reflected from
it’s retina as in the Figure below.
(2) According to the refraction condition of the examinee’s eye, that is, if the
examinee’s eye is emmetropia, hyperopia or emmetropia, the reflected light from
the retina is parallel to the optic axis of the eye, diverge or converge, respectively,.
(3) The light beam reflected from the examinee’s eye will be relayed by the lens and
mirror, divided by the prism with aperture and then imaged on the TV camera as
six bright spots.
(4) From the Ellipsoidal Fitting of the coordinates of six bright spots captured by TV
camera, the values of SPH, CYL and AX of eye can be derived.
30
Diaphragm for measuring
Camera for measuring

Objective Lens
Diaphragm
Hole Mirror
Hyperopia
Minor Major axis of

axis of ellipse
ellipse
Myopia
Emmetropia
31
5-2. Measurement principle of keratometry
When the ring light source of the keratometry is projected on to the cornea, it is
reflected as a circle or an ellipse in the case of the eye with corneal astigmatism, The size
and the shape of reflected light are different according to the radius of curvature of the
cornea because the cornea is not a sphere. By making the image of the reflected light
(mire image) from cornea be captured on TV camera and then, read it’s coordinates,
processor unit in this instrument will calculate the diameter of major (2a) and minor axis
(2b), and then, the rotational angle (θ, axis on the minor meridian). Furthermore, there is
a correlation between the radius of cornea (R), the height of the projected ring image (H)
which can be obtained from the captured image, the projection angle of ring light (φ). The
correlation is as follows. Therefore, small and large radius of curvature of cornea can be
calculated with respect to the minor and major axis.
H
R ＝ sin(φ/2)
And there is the following relation between the radius of cornea (R), the refractive power
of cornea (D), and the refration index (n). From this equation, strong and weak refractive
powers of cornea (D) are calculated in regard to large and small radius of curvature (R).
1000 (n-1)
D ＝
R(mm)
The following 3 values can be selected

for corneal equivalent refractive index (n)
n ＝ 1.3375 , 1.336 , 1.332
32
Diaphragm for the

correction
Lens for measuring
Ring type light source for measuring

(Mire Ring)
CCD Camera
33
5-3. The principle of Retro-Illumination observation
5-3-1. Principle of retro-illumination observation

The incident lights of the infrared LED (spot light) onto the fundus of the eye are retro-
scattered from it. The scattered lights from the fundus illuminate the vitreous humor and
some of it go through the crystalline lens and the iris. If it is captured by TV camera, any
turbid part of the transparent vitreous humor, lens and cornea can be observed.
5-3-2. Usage of Retro-Illumination observation

The turbid part of the cataract and the frontal glass can be
observed and the change of it can be taken up with. Therefore, the reason of the
degradation of eyesight can be known whether it is caused by the simple refractive
abnormality or the advance of the catract.
34
IV. Repair Standard
1. Checking and Control

1-1. TEST MODE
Turn on the power button of the MRK-3100 and wait several seconds until the
‘Measurement Window’ is displayed. Press the following buttons in the following order.
Check the ‘Beep’ sound.
◀ " ◀ " ▶ " MODE
Then, the ‘TEST MODE’ appears as the following figure.
TEST MODE
MOTOR SYSV
KER REF
K-DAT R-DAT
RET
AUTO SHIFT
The title ‘TEST MODE’ will be shown on the top line. In the middle 3 line, there are 6
test modes to be executed by pressing one of the buttons in the left side of the keypad of
MRK-3100P arrayed like the screen. The other 3 modes displayed in the bottom 2 lines
are executed by pressing the three buttons in the right side of keypad. Here is a brief
description of each.
(1) MOTOR
STEP-MOTOR TEST. To check and control of the initial point of the ‘Eye
Fixation Target’.
(2) SYSV
To restore the values set in “User Setup Mode” as a basic value.
35
(3) KER
To make the KER accuracy of measurement be in the tolerance.
(4) REF
To make the REF accuracy of measurement be in the tolerance.
(5) K-DAT
To check the KER data set in the system and delete certain items if necessary.
(6) R-DAT
To check the REF data set in the system and delete certain items if necessary.
(7) AUTO
To set the variables related to the Auto-Start and the size of cornea.
(8) SHIFT
To set the shift amount of the KER-RAD, the KER-CYL, and the REF-CYL.
(9) RET
To return to the ‘Measurement Window’ from ‘TEST MODE’.
1-2. How to change INC-R into unit of 0.01
The spherical data of refractrometry will be displayed as unit of 0.12 or 0.25 in the
normal ‘Measurement Mode’. However, it is possible to display it in the unit of 0.01 by the
following process.
(1) Enter the ‘TEST MODE’.

(2) Press the button of ‘AUTO’, then the following screen will be displayed in the
monitor.
36
AUTO START
INC* ----
D -- D ++
KER- KER+
RET
REF-INC: 0.25
DOTS/MM: 51.5
KER-PXL: 32
(3) In the top line of the right bottom of the monitor, the value of REF-INC that was
set in the ‘USER SETUP MODE’ will be displayed.
(4) Press the MODE button to change the unit of INC-R displayed beside the “REF-
INC:” word into 0.01.
(5) Press the PRINT button to escape from ‘TEST MODE’. There will appear the
message of “SAVE SYS-VARS?” in the left bottom of the monitor. Then, press
the PRINT button again twice.
(6) When the ‘Measurement Window’ appears, the values of refractometry will be
displayed in unit of 0.01.
NOTE
After the power of this instrument is turned off, the unit of INC-R will be returned
to it’s original value selected in ‘User Setup Mode’
1-3. Adjustment of Origin of the Eye Fixation Target
[Purpose]
To find out the position of REF-MOTOR to move lens ‘16’ along the optic axis at which
the fixation target is projected on the eye or CCD camera from infinity distance. This is
called ‘0D’ position of Eye Fixation Target.
37
[Procedure]
(2) Press the MODE button in order to enter into ‘STEP MOTOR TEST’ mode as
the following figure. The position of the REF-MOTOR will move to the present
‘0D’ position and the value of it will be displayed along with ‘SM_0D:’.
STEP MOTOR TEST
TEST STOP
SM0D M-EP
-1 +1
RET
-5 +5
M_END: 250
SM_0D: 0
M_POS: 1
(3) Set and align the end part of the lens of a TV Camera connected to an external
TV monitor at the position of eye in front of objective lens.
(4) Press the AUTO, DISP, ◀, ▶ or to move REF-MOTOR to make the chart of
the eye fixation target to be shown clear on the external TV monitor. Whenever
the buttons are pressed, the present value of the REF-MOTOR will be shown
along with ‘M_POS:’.
(5) Press the IOL button to change the position of ‘0D’ when the clear image of
target chart is obtained. Then, the value of ‘SM_0D’ will be changed to the value
of ‘M_POS’.
(6) Now, when the PRINT is pressed, the message of “SAVE SYS-VARS?” will be
shown in the left bottom of the window. Press the Ret-ILLUM button to save the
data. If any other button is pressed, it returns to the ‘TEST MODE’ without any
saving.
(7) Press the MODE button to return to ‘REF-MOTOR TEST MODE’ from ‘TEST
MODE’ again. After REF-MOTOR moves to the 0D position, check and confirm
whether the chart of the eye fixation target is shown clear on the external TV
monitor.
(8) Repeat the procedures from (2) to (6) until the chart of the eye fixation target
becomes be shown clear.
38
1-4. Checking the REF-DATA
[Purpose]
To check setup data of REF model eye stored in the MRK-3100P.
[Procedure]
(2) Press the DISPLAY button to select ‘R-DAT’. Then the following screen will be
displayed.
IDX: L0 L1 L2 DIOPTER
1: 228.40 229.80 227.80 -05.000
2: 261.20 261.90 259.10 -02.500
3: 282.80 281.70 282.30 +02.500
4: 309.80 307.10 309.30 +05.000
DIOPTER VALUE TO DELETE: +0.0
(3) The setup data of model eye in length and diopter that were stored in setup
process will be displayed.
(4) Press the PRINT button to return to the ‘TEST MODE’.
(5) If you want to delete the setup data of one model eye with certain diopter value,
first, press the ◀ or the ▶ button to change the number in the bottom line into
the diopter value you want to delete. The message “SAVE SYS-VARS?” will be
popped up in the left bottom line if the Ret-ILLUM button is pressed. And if the
Ret-ILLUM button is pressed again, the data in the line of the Diopter will be
deleted. And then, the window returns to the ‘TEST MODE’ automatically.
1-5. Modifying the REF-Measured Value
[Purpose]
To make the accuracy of REF data be in the allowed measurement tolerance after the
39
optical re-adjustment or the like.
[Preparation]
(1) SPH model eye set (-20D ~ +20D)
(2) Model eye stand
[Procedure]
(1) Turn ON the power switch while pressing the MODE button. Release the button
after the buzzer beeps twice.
(2) Change the value of ‘D-SFT’ to 0.00. Press Ret-ILLUM button to save the
change. Press IOL button to enter the ‘Measurement Window’
(3) Enter into ‘TEST MODE’.
(4) Press ▶ button to select the ‘SHIFT’

(5) Press ‘AUTO’ or ‘DISPLAY’ button to change the value of ‘REF-CYL’ to 0.00.
(6) Return to ‘TEST MODE’. Set the stand with the model eye of which setup data
is to be measured at the position of chin rest.
(7) Press the Ret-ILLUM button to select the ‘REF TEST’ mode. Then, ‘REF TEST’
window will be shown as the following figure.
REF TEST
CAP CCD Mire

CLP TST Image
WIN ITEM
RET
- +
Alignment
Ring
0 S-XY:99 109 W-XY: 220 2 TH:105
(8) Incline the operation lever right/left and turn so that the Mire Image is concentric
with the Alignment Rings. Focus on the model eye so that the Mire Image is
displayed clearly on the monitor.
(9) Press the SIZE button twice to select ‘CCD’ mode. The image captured by REF-
CCD will be displayed on the monitor.
(10) Press the SIZE button once again to select the image captured by KER-CCD.
40
(11) Press the measurement button. Then, refraction measurement of model eye will
be performed 10 times, automatically. And average value of it will be displayed
in the third line of the bottom of the window such as “AVG: 232.77 247.22
239.50”.
(12) Press the ◀ or the ▶ button to go to a data line of Diopter that you want to
enter the average data in the bottom line of the window into.
(13) If you want to update the REF-measured value, press the Ret-ILLUM button.
Otherwise, press PRINT button. If the measurement position or the focus was
unreliable, repeat the procedures from (8) to (13).
(14) Repeat the process for all model eye with diopter range from
-20 to +20D.
(15) If the PRINT button is pressed, the message of “SAVE SYS-VARS?” will be
shown in the left bottom of the window. Press Ret-ILLUM button to save the
data. The window returns to the ‘TEST MODE’. If any other button is pressed, it
returns to the ‘TEST MODE’ without any saving.
(16) Change INC-R into the unit of 0.01 (See section 1-2) and measure each model
eye with spherical Diopter values from -20D to +20D. And then, check whether
spherical and cylindrical measurement values of it are within the allowed
tolerances compared to the true value as in the following table. When any value
is not within it, perform the setup process again.
41
[Specification]
Increment: 0.01D
Cylinder Form: -
VD: 12mm
STD -20 -15 -10 -5 -2.5 0 +2.5 +5 +10 +15 +20

Specification
SPH ±0.45 ±0.40 ±0.35 ±±0.25 ±0.35 ±0.40 ±0.45
-0.45 -0.40 -0.35 -0.35 -0.40 -0.45

CYL -0.25 ~ 0
~0 ~0 ~0 ~0 ~0 ~0
Measurement
SPH
CYL
MsrSPH
- STD
NOTE
(1) If any measurement value of “CYL” or “MsrSPH – STD” of model eye of which
diopter value is in the range from –5D to +5D is not within the tolerance, the
procedure of REF setup process should be performed again.
(2) If there is a model eye with diopter out of range from –5D to +5D of which the
measurement value of “MsrSPH – STD” does not meet the measurement
tolerance, REF setup data of it and it’ two neighbor model eyes should be measured
again.
(3) If the number of model eye whose value of “CYL” does not meet the tolerance
specification is less than three, it is regarded as “PASSED”. However, all “REF-
CYL” value should be within the tolerance before packing in Huvitz.
(4) In the case when the measurement result of model eye does not meet tolerance
conditions in the above table, Do the step as follows.
In first, input again all setup data of REF Model Eye and test.
When the trouble still remains after the first step, it should be discussed with the
person-in-charge for optical alignment.
42
1-6. Checking the KER-DATA
[Purpose]
To check the setup data of KER model eye stored in the memory device of MRK-
3100P.
[Procedure]
(2) Press AUTO button to select the ‘K-DAT’. Then the following window will be
displayed.
D: L0 L1 L2 R
-7: 155.00 153.00 153.00 7.31
0: 168.00 168.00 168.00 7.92
7: 182.00 182.00 182.00 8.77
D: C-R M/N A K
-7: 153.00 1.000 0.00 2.00
0: 168.00 1.000 0.00 2.00
7: 182.00 1.000 0.00 2.00
DIOPTER NO. TO DELETE: 0
(3) Only the setup data of the model eye that are stored in memory device of MRK-
3100P will be displayed.
(4) Press the PRINT button to return to the ‘TEST MODE’.
(5) If you want to delete a setup data corresponding to certain value of keratometry
diopter, press the ◀ or ▶ the button to change the number in the bottom line
into the diopter value you want to delete. The message “SAVE SYS-VARS?”
will be popped up in the left bottom line if Ret-ILLUM button is pressed. If Ret-
ILLUM button is pressed again, the setup data in the line of the diopter will be
deleted and the window will return to the ‘TEST MODE’ automatically.
43
1-7. Modifying the KER-Measured Value
[Purpose]
To make the accuracy of KER data be in the allowed measurement tolerance after the
optical re-adjustment or the like.
[Preparation]
(1) KER model eyes (R = 6.71, 7.29, 7.93, 8.76, 9.51)
(2) Model eye stand
[Procedure]
(2) Press ▶ button to select the ‘SHIFT’

(3) Press ‘MODE’ or ‘SIZE’ button to have the value of ‘KER-RAD:’ be ‘0.00’
(4) Press ‘IOL’ or ‘Ret-ILLUM’ button to have the value of ‘KER-CYL:’ be ‘0.00’
(5) Return to ‘TEST MODE’. Set the stand with the model eye of which setup data
is to be measured at the position of chin rest.
(6) Press the IOL button to select ‘KER’ mode. Then, ‘KER TEST’ window will be
shown as the following figure.
KER TEST
CAP CCD Mire

CLP CEN Image
--- ITEM
RET
Alignment
Ring
A-IO:15,60 TH:151 DF:32
44
<Modification of the focus coefficient>
(7) If you press the ◀ button, there appears some characters like ‘DIFF-R = 1.23’
at the right bottom of the screen. By adjusting the operation lever, make Mire
Image on the screen be concentric with the Alignment Ring and, eventually, the
value of ‘DIFF-R’ be in the range from –1.0 to 0.5. Confirm this condition by
performing the above process twice. If you keep pressed the ▶ button
continuously, this process will be stop.
(8) Move the operation lever forward to move the head of instrument by 2 mm from
the focus point found in the above process (7). At this position, the Mire image
will be displayed out of focus.
(9) If you press down the DISPLAY button, measurement will be performed. Adjust
the operation lever to make the head of the instrument to move backward by
0.5mm and press the measurement button to let the measurement be done
again. Perform each measurement up to 9 times after moving the head
backward in the step of 0,5mm.
(10) Press the ◀ or the ▶ button to change the value of Diopter displayed at the
bottom line of the screen to the value of which focus coefficient you want to
modify.
If you want to modify the focus coefficients of a model eye with Diopter you
choose, press Ret-ILLUM button. Otherwise, press PRINT button. If the
measurement position or the focus is unreliable, repeat these procedures from
step (7) to (10).
<Modification of setup data of keratometry>
(11) If you press the ◀ button, there appears some characters like ‘DIFF-R = 1.23’
at the right bottom of the screen. By adjusting the operation lever, make Mire
Image on the screen be concentric with the Alignment Ring and, eventually, the
value of ‘DIFF-R’ be in the range from –1.0 to 0.5. Confirm this condition by
performing the above process twice. If you keep pressed the ▶ button
continuously, this process will be stop.
(12) If you press the measurement button, measurement of model eye will be
performed 10 times. And then the average value will be displayed at the third
line from the bottom of the screen such as “AVG: 154.46 157.34 155.86”.
(13) Press the ◀ or the ▶ button to change the value of Diopter displayed at the
bottom line of the screen to the value of which focus coefficient you want to
45
modify.
If you want to modify Ker setup data of a model eye with Diopter you choose,
press Ret-ILLUM button. Otherwise, press PRINT button. If the measurement
position or the focus is unreliable, repeat these procedures from step (11) to
(13).
(14) Repeat all these procedures from (7) to (13) for each Ker model eye.
(15) If the PRINT button is pressed, the message of “SAVE SYS-VARS?” will be
shown at the left bottom of the screen. Press the Ret-ILLUM button to save
Ker setup data in the EEPROM. The screen will return to the ‘TEST MODE’
automatically. If the other button is pressed, it returns to the ‘TEST MODE’
without any saving.
(16) Return to the ‘Measurement Window’ and make Ker measurement for each
KER model eye (6.71 ~ 9.51). Check whether results are within measurement
tolerances or not. When any value of it does not within allowed tolerances,
perform the setup process again.
46
[Tolerance Specification]
The difference between AR and STD, i.e., AR - STD : ±0.05mm
The difference between R1 and R2, i.e., R1–R2 : ±0.05mm
Corneal equivalent refractive index: 1.3375
-15D -7D 0D +7D +15D R=7.8

STD Average
6.71 7.29 7.93 8.76 9.51 7.80
Measurement
R1
R2
Check the results
AR
AR-STD
R1-R2
KER-RAD:
KEY-CYL:
47
1-8. Adjusting “Auto-Start” function
(1) Enter into ‘Test Mode’
(2) Press ◀ button to select ‘Auto’ mode.
(3) Press ‘VD’ button to select ‘Auto Start’ mode. There would be
shown ‘Auto Start’ window with the following characters.
AS – ACCURACY : 7.0
AS - REF AREA, NR : 30
AS - REF AREA, WD : 95
AS - REF GRAY : 200

AS - KER AREA, NR : 30
AS - REF AREA, WD : 95
AS - KER GRAY : 200
(3) Enter into ‘REF TEST’ window.
(4) Perform alignment and focusing.

Incline the operation lever toward the model eye until a bright dot appears near
the Inner Alignment Ring. Place the Bright Dot in the center of Inner
Alignment Ring. Focus the image of model eye on the monitor so that the bright
dot is displayed clearly on the monitor.
(5) Make examination for auto start function

Press ‘CEN’ button, then values for ‘AREA’ and ‘GRAY’ will be appeared at the
lower left side of the display. Write down these numbers on a blank paper.
Repeat this procedure seven times.
(6) Select the values of parameter for auto start function as follows.
AS - REF AREA,NR = (2nd large value among 7 ‘AREA’ value + 5)
AS - REF GRAY = (minimum value among 7 ‘GRAY’ value – 30)
AS - REF AREA,WD = (“AS - REF AREA,NR” × 3 + 5)
(7) Execute similar procedures at ‘KER TEST’, then select values as

follows
AS - KER AREA,NR = (2nd large value among 7 ‘AREA’ value + 5)
AS - KER GRAY = (minimum value – 30)
AS - KER AREA,WD = (“AS – KER AREA,NR” × 3 + 5)
(8) Change values in the ‘Auto Start’ mode

Enter into the ‘Test’ mode. Change values selected at procedure (6) and (7).
48
(9) Fine Tuning
If the Auto-Start function doesn’t work properly, increase the value
‘AS – REF AREA,NR’ or ‘AS – KER AREA,NR’.
49
1-9. How to upgrade the OS program
1-9-1. Introduction
Downloading program for MRK3100P with RS232 cable provides downloading function of
the firmware software from PC to Refracto/Keratometer, MRK3100P with serial cable.
An administrator of the Refracto/Keratometer hardware can receive the Firmware by e-

mail or else and load it to his/her Refracto/Keratometer by this downloading program when
the new upgrade version of firmware comes out. If there is PC with Windows 95/98™
operating system and serial cable connected to the Refracto/Keratometer, with simple
process about 5 to 10 minutes, he/she can upgrade the performance of his/her
Refracto/Keratometer without sending and receiving it to the agency.
This downloading program version 1.1 is specified to the Refracto/Keratometer, MRK-

3100P model. If the version of a Refracto/Keratometer model is upgraded, this program
might not work properly. Therefore, checking the version of your Refracto/Keratometer
before installing this software is necessary. And consult your agency if any.
Check the following items before installing and running this software:
# Version of the Refracto/Keratometer

# COM port number of the PC connected to the Refracto/Keratometer
# Connection status of the serial cable on your PC and Refracto/Keratometer
# New firmware binary image file for the Refracto/Keratometer
See the operation manual for the Refracto/Keratometer to learn how to connect PC and
Refracto/Keratometer with serial cable.
50
1-9-2. Installation and Uninstallation
(1) Installation
You can take the following steps to install this software. There is no preliminary condition
and if you run the providing setup program, all the components required to communicate
to the Refracto/Keratometer will be installed by default.
① Open the Windows explorer and move to the directory that contains setup program.
You will see the screen as shown in [Figure 1].
[Figure 1] Windows explorer view of the directory

containing the setup package.
② Execute the setup.exe by double-clicking the icon. Then [Figure 2] dialogue box
will appear. After doing so, press the ‘OK’ button to move to the next screen.
[Figure 2] Installation dialogue box appearing right after running setup.exe
51
③ The next dialogue box will inquire the installation directory. You don’t have to
change the default path but you can do so if there are some reason such as
shortage of the disk space.
[Figure 3] Change Destination directory dialogue box
④ Choose program group. Select the default value if there is no special reason.
[Figure 4] Choose program group dialogue box
52
⑤ Installation will be processed. All the programs needed will be copied to the
predefined path and the system files such as dll and ocx to the Windows system
path. After completing installation, you see the message as shown in [Figure 5].
There is no need to restart your system for this software: just execute this program
immediately.
[Figure 5] Installation completion dialogue box
53
(2) Uninstallation
Uninstallation follows the standard Windows uninstallation method. First, press the “Close”
and “Exit” button to end the downloading program normally before uninstallation. And
follow the below steps.
① Open Windows control panel and double click the “Add/Remove Programs” icon.
[Figure 6] Execute the “Add/Remove Programs” item in control panel
54
② Select the “Downloading Program for MRK-3000P” in the “Install/Uninstall” tab as
shown in [Figure 7]. And press the “Add/Remove…” button at the bottom of the
screen.
[Figure 7] Select “Downloading Program for MRK-3100P”

in the “Install/Uninstall” tab
③ Press the “Yes” button in the application removing dialogue box as shown in
[Figure 8] to remove the application
[Figure 8] Application Removal dialogue box
55
④ Now all the tasks are completed. Press the “OK” button in the application removal
dialogue confirmation box [Figure 9].
[Figure 9] Application removal Confirmation dialogue box
If you have taken these steps, application will be successfully removed.

56
1-9-3. Usage
Now that installation is completed, let’s execute the downloading program. Press the
“Start” menu and select the “Programs”. After that, execute the “Downloading Program for
MRK-3100P” of the MiraeOptics program group as shown in [Figure 10]. After doing so,
you should see the “Download” page shown in [Figure 11].
[Figure 10] Execute the “Downloading Program for MRK3100P”
In the “Start” menu
[Figure 11] Initial Screen of the Downloading Program
57
To download the firmware image files to the Refracto/Keratometer, take the following steps.
You should keep the order as follows. Otherwise, downloading might not be completed
successfully. Notice that there are two firmware image files to be downloaded. One is for
flash memory and the other is for main program.
① First thing that you need to do is to check the COM port number at PC side of the
serial cable connected to the Refracto/Keratometer. Then move to the top of the
screen and set the correct comport number at “1. ComPort” item.
② Click on the “Connect” button in “2.Initialize ComPort” item to initialize the COM port.
Next, switch off the power of the Refracto/Keratometer in advance if power is on.
And then pressing the ‘leftmost button’ and the ‘fourth button’ of the
Refracto/Keratometer at the same time, turn on the power of it to enter the PROM
mode. You should hear the beep sound and see the welcome message in the
PROM log textbox as shown in [Figure 12]. (PROM log textbox is located at the left
side of the “Download” screen, [Figure 11].) If you cannot see the welcome message,
try one more time to enter the PROM mode.
[Figure 12] Welcome message in PROM mode appearing right after doing “Connect” command
58
③ Move to the next item, “3. Choose File & Download” and press the “…” button in “(1)
Flash File” to choose the “almflash.bin” image file for flash memory.
[Figure 13] Select Flash File dialogue box
④ Press “Start” button in (1) Flash File to start downloading. At this point, you should
see the message starting “Now, Downloading… [FILESIZE: 40578”. The message
shows the size of the file in parenthesis that has been sent to the
Refracto/Keratometer by that time. After completing downloading, you can see the
messages like [Figure 14].
[Figure 14] Completion message for downloading flash image file
59
⑤ Next, press the “…” button in “(2) Main File” of “3. Choose File & Download” item to
select the image file for main program, “alm_main_bin”.
[Figure 15] Select Main File dialogue box
⑥ Press the “Start” button in “(2) Main File” to start downloading main file. Hash mark
will appear right after “STATUS:” continuously, which represents the number of byte
of sending data. One hash mark corresponds to about 1000 bytes. After completing
downloading process, PROM log textbox shows the status in which all the
downloading process is done like [Figure 16].
⑦ Now, you’ve nearly done with the downloading. All that’s left to do is to switch
off/switch on the power of the Refracto/Keratometer and monitor the difference after
changing the firmware.
⑧ Press the “Close” button at “4. Close ComPort” item to disconnect COM port.
⑨ Finally, click on the “Exit” button at the bottom of the screen to end the downloading
program.
If you encounter problems when downloading, see the following chapter, “1-9-4.
Troubleshooting”
60
[Figure 16] Completion message for downloading main image file
61
1-9-4. Troubleshooting
Here are some hints for the troubles that might occur during downloading process. Before
you contact your agency or Huvitz, check the following list carefully.
① Downloading program has no response.

% You should check that serial cable is connected to the specified COM port. It
must be connected to COM1 or COM2. In older system, the serial mouse can
cause collision. If so, connect your PC and Refracto/Keratometer with COM
port other than one that the mouse does not use.
% It might be the case that you press “Connect”, select images file and press
“Start” button not entering the PROM mode. Follow the process of usage to
enter the PROM mode.
② I cannot see the welcome message in the PROM log textbox as shown in [Figure
12].
% Check that you have correctly entered the PROM mode. First, switch off and
switch on the power pressing the leftmost button of the Refracto/Keratometer at
the same time in the CONNECT mode.
③ I have received the message like “Port has not opened yet”.
% This message appears when you don’t run “Connect” and press “Start” or
“Close” button. Press “Connect” button in advance.
④ I have received the message like “Port has opened already”
% When you press “Connect” button in the CONNECT mode. Move to the next
step to download.
⑤ The PROM log text box flickers severely.
% It can occur according to the specification of your PC. While it does not cause
fatal error, if the flickering is serious, we recommend upgrade of your PC.
⑥ I pressed the “Close” button before I see the download completion message in the
PROM log textbox. So download process has not completed successfully.
% You can take the download procedure again from the first step.
⑦ I have received the completion message indicating that downloading process has
finished successfully. What is the next step that I should do?
% Press the ”Close” and “Exit” button continuously to end downloading program.
Then, switch off and switch on the power of the Refracto/Keratometer. At this
point, if your Refracto/Keratometer doesn’t work properly, downloading firmware
image files should be done again.
⑧ There are strange characters in the PROM log textbox.
62
% It might be the case that you run PROM mode before you enter the CONNECT
mode. If so, switch off the power of the Refracto/Keratometer and do the
download procedure again from the first step.
⑨ I have received the welcome message in the PROM log textbox but there is no
response after start downloading. Of course, I checked the COM port number.
% Check your cable connection. Test the cable connection by using the
communication software like HyperTerminal provided basically in Windows
95/98™. First, select COM port and change the number of bits per second into
“115200” in the property menu, stream control into “No”. Then do the test. If
there is no response, it may be the fault cable.
⑩ The size of the downloaded file in the PROM log textbox does not coincide with the
real one.
% Stop the process and restart the program to download the image files again. In
case it occurs again, test your Lensmeter after downloading. If there are some
problems, consult your agency immediately.
⑪ The vertical scroll bar doesn’t work.
% Normally, the vertical scroll bar doesn’t work until you press the “Close” button
to close the session.
If you cannot solve the problems with above tips, contact your agency after checking the
version of your hardware/software and determining the abnormal case.
63
1-9-5. Appendix
A. List of the installation package files

Files including in the Refracto/Keratometer RS232 package are as follows:
& Rs232.cab: bundles of the files for installation

& Setup.exe: execution file for setup
& Setup.lst: list file including the list of the installation files and predefined path
Firmware image files are not the accessories of this software. Please ask your agency for
image files.
64
2. Disassembly and Assembly Procedure
2-1. Removing the Head Rest assembly
(1) Removal Method

% Remove the hexagon bolt ⑤ from the Base2 using the hexagon wrench.
% Remove the screw ③ and the Washer of the Head rest cover.
% Remove the hexagon bolt ⑥ from the Knob support.
% Remove the screw ④ of the chin pole guide.
% Remove the hexagon bolt ② of the Head rest guide.
% Remove the Chin rest ass'y.
(2) Point for Assembly
% Assembly is the reverse procedure of disassembly.
% Be careful not to scratch the outside and give attention to the assembly of the
gear.
65
2-2. Removing the Head Front Cover assembly
②
(1) Removal Method

% Remove the Head cover lock and then remove the Head front cover.
% Remove the screws ③ of the RDY-LED Ass’y.
% Remove the screws on the right and the left side of the Rail cover.
% Remove the screws ①,② of the Head eye led PCB wire.

% Give attention to dust on the optical part.
66
2-3. Removing the KER LED Ass’y and the KER Diaphragm Ass’y
① ②
(1) Removal Method

KER LED Ass’y:
% Separate the Ker led ass'y from the Ker led stand.
% Remove the Ker led cap and disconnect the led defuser out and the Ker led
housing.
KER Diaphragm Ass’y:
% After separating the Ker diaphragm from the Optical base, remove the screw ②,
and the motor.

67
2-4. Removing the Mirror Box assembly
①
(1) Removal Method

% Remove the Mirror box ass'y from the Head base.
% Remove the screw ①,② and then remove the cover.
% Check the state of inside.

% Give attention to dust or other dirt on the optical part.
68
2-5. Removing the Motor Base assembly
② ③
①
⑤ ④
(1) Removal Method

% Remove the screw ① of the Motor Ass’y
% Remove the screw ②, ③ of the Motor Base Ass’y.
% Remove the screw ④, ⑤.

% Check if there are some operational problems.
69
2-6. Removing the Prism Lens assembly
①
(1) Removal Method

% Remove the Prism lens ass'y from the Head base.
% By removing of the screw ①, disconnect the Hole mirror holder ass'y and the
Prism mount ass’y.

% Check if there are some operational problems.
% Give attention of the maintenance of the Lens.
70
2-7. Removing the Head Unit assembly
① ② ③
⑪
⑬
⑩
(1) Removal Method ⑨ ⑧ ⑦

% Remove the screw of the Main board stand ass'y, and then lift it up.
% Remove the screw ⑦⑦of the REF CCD ass'y.
% Remove the screw ⑧⑧of the CCD lens ass'y.
% Remove the screw ②②of the KER CCD ass'y.
% Remove the screw ③③of the REF Object lens ass'y.
% Remove the screw ⑫,④ and then disconnect the Cal mirror holder and the
Photo interrupter.
% Remove the screw ①, ⑤, ⑥, ⑨, ⑩, ⑪, ⑬.
% Take care of the maintenance of the Lens.
% Take care of the maintenance of the Lens.
71
2-8. Removing the Body Front Cover assembly
① ②
③
(1) Removal Method

% Remove the screw ①.
% Remove the Body rear cover.
% Remove the bottom screw of the 4 area(2 of right and left, 2 of front) including
④④of the Body front cover.
% Remove the screw of the four areas fixed to the Printer case ③.

% Be careful not to scratch the outside.
72
2-9. Removing the CRT assembly
(1) Removal Method

% Remove the screw ② from the Base1.
% Remove the screw ① of the CRT mask, and then remove the screw of the CRT.

% Take care not to damage the connection wire of CRT.
73
2-10. Removing the Joystick assembly
①
(1) Removal Method

% Remove the screw ①.①
% Remove the Switch.
% Remove the retainer ③.
% Remove the retainer ②.
% Be careful not to damage the Joystick cap, Joystick body.
% Be careful not to damage the bearing.

% Be careful on connecting the connection wires of the Base1 ass'y and the Base2
ass'y.
74
2-11. Removing the Base1 assembly
⑧
⑦
②
⑥
⑤
③
(1) Removal Method

% Remove screw ② and then remove the spacer brk't area.
% Remove screw ⑥, and then remove the Joystick pulley.
% Remove screw ⑤, and the remove the Joystick ass'y.
% After removing the bolt ④ and the upper nut, remove the Stopper.
% Remove the Belt guide.
% Remove the X-shaft support ⑧, and the Mounting pin ⑦.
% Remove the Encoder ass'y ①.

% Check if there are some functional problems.
75
2-12. Removing the Y-Pole Housing assembly and the Head Guide Pole
assembly
① ②
(1) Removal Method

Y-Pole Housing assembly:
% Remove the bolt in part ① connected to the Head base.
% Follow the disassemble order of the Y-pole.
% Remove part from the Base1.
Head Guide Pole assembly:
% Remove the bolt in part ② connected to the Head base.
% Follow the disassemble order of the Head guide pole.

76
2-13. Removing the Base2 assembly
⑤
②
①
(1) Removal Method
% After removing the screw ①, remove the Base cover.
% After removing the screw ②, remove the SMPS.
% Removing the screws ③,④ and the remove the Power cover ass'y and the
Cnnt cover ass'y.
% After removing the screw ⑤, remove the Lift plate.
% After removing the screw ⑥, remove the XZ-plate.
% Remove the X-bearing housing ass’y.

% When removing the screw, be careful not to scratch the outside.
77
V. Troubleshooting
(1) Troubles related with electricity

% The power lamp does not light on.
% The monitor is not bright enough.
(2) Troubles related with monitor TV

% Nothing is displayed.
% The screen is moving.
% The reference ring is not displayed
% The aiming spot is not displayed
% The anterior part of eye is not displayed
(3) Troubles related with measurement

% NO TARGET is displayed.
% OVER SPH is displayed.
% OVER CYL is displayed
% ERROR is displayed
% KER measurement is not done
% Auto Start measurement is not done
(4) Troubles related with printer

% No printing.
% PAPER END is displayed.
% PRINTER END UP is displayed
(5) Others
% The fixation target image is not visible.
78
Phenomenon1: When Power is ON, there is no action
Check whether power cable is inserted well
check Fuse in the left back side
Take off the head front cover
1. Check whether the cable from SMPS to Main Board is

instered well
2. Check the voltage(+5V) of connector by using DMM
*Please refer to 3-2 section of Service Manual for Electrical
Wiring
1. Take off the bottom case

2. Check whether the power
Voltage(+5V) OK? No
voltage is 110V or 220V by
DMM
Yes
Replace Main Board

(In this case, you should do Model Eye Setup process Is voltage 110 or 220V ?
again)
Yes
No
Replace SMPS
Check and Replace

Fuse socket
79
Phenomenon2: TV monitor display nothing(But ohter functions works)
Check whether Brightness(Contrast) Knob is turned

well in right back side

Check the cables related to CRT Monitor

1. Main Board to CRT Regulator
2. CRT Regulator to CRT Control Board
*Please refer to the Service Manual page 8 for Electrical Wiring
Does all connections are OK? No
Yes
Make correct connection
Check voltage of the cable from Main Board to CRT is +15V
(This case only sound relay on/off and there is no display)
Voltage is correct? No
Yes
Replace the Main Board
Check the Voltage of CRT Regulator Board (Model Eye Setup Again!!!)
(Check the input/output voltage of CRT Regulator connector is
+15V/+12V)
Voltage is correct? No
Replace the CRT Regulator Module

Yes
CRT Display OK? No
Replace the CRT Monitor Module

Yes (Before replace the CRT Monitor
check again another CRT Monitor
Done without fixing)
80
Phenomenon3: Keypad or JoySticik does not work
Check the cable of mainboard with Keypad or Joystick

(When pressing the button, check whether the voltage
goes to 'L' level. Default is 'H' level)
*Please refer to the Service Manual page 8 for Electrical Wiring
Check the status of Keypad or

Joystick cable
Does the level goes to 'L'(0V) ? No
(Almost of this case, the cable
was unconnected)
Yes
Replace Main Board
81
Phenomenon4: When printing out, there is some unclean side,
especially end of paper
Phenomenon5: When printing paper is not fed correctly
Unconnect the cable from IO Board to the

thermal printer board
Connect new thermal printer module to

IO Board, then execute printing work
Printing result is OK? No
Yes
Unconnect new thermal printer module Replace IO Board

from IO Board (Data Setup Process is needed)
Remove printer cover from the body front cover
1st, Slide the stage to the right side

2nd, Remove 4 screws from the body front cover
(remove carefully 2 screws form outer upper side of
printer case, 2 screws from outer lower side)
Replace the thermal printer module through

hole at right side of body front cover
Attach printer cover to the body front cover
82
Phenomenon6: REF-MOTOR does not find the origin point
(crash into one side with noisy sound)
Change the Photo Interrupt module(REF-PI) for

REF-MOTOR
*Please refer to 3-2 section of Service Manual for Electrical Wiring
Phenomenon7: The wing attached with KER-MOTOR crash into one side continuously
Phenomenon8: In K/R or KER measurement mode, there is no occasion with dark side
Change the Photo Interrupt module(KER-PI) for

the KER-MOTOR
*Please refer to 3-2 section of Service Manual for Electrical Wiring
Phenomenon9: 'TRY AGAIN(or NO TARGET)' happens very frequently
Check whether KERATO RING lamp UNIT works well
Replace KERATO RING UNIT

After changing the KERATO RING
Does it work well? No
UNIT, check all data using KER
Setup Model Eye
Yes
Check whether REF-LED works well
Replace the Optical Head with

Does it work well? No
Main Board
Yes
Done
83
Phenomenon10: Cannot see the eye fixation target
Check whether LED is out
Is LED out? No
Yes
Change the Optical Head with

Motor Board
Replace LED
Phenomenon11: The results of Refractometry of TEST MODEL EYE is very different

from the original value when the focusing bright spot is somewhat out-focused
Enter into 'TEST MODE'
Enter into 'REF TEST'(using Ret- ILLUM button)
Enter into 'CCD' mode (by pressing SIZE button twice)
Defocus very slightly until showing some

other 'Light' (we call it as 'Ghost')
Enter into 'CAP' mode (by pressing MODE button)
Enter into 'CLIP' mode (by pressing IOL button)
Do Ref Data Setup Process

Check whether 'Ghost' is captured No
using setup model eye
Yes
Change the Optical Head with

Main Board
84
85
VI. Technical Materials
(1) Fogging Method

It is recommended that the refractive power of eye is measured when it is in the hyperopia-state.
There happens some measurement error called mechanic myopia due to the accommodation of
eye when it is measured by locating the internal eye-fixing target to the position corresponding
to the eyesight of examinee.
Foggy method is the method that the size of the target is modified to be greater than the
eyesight of the examinee by +1D ~ +2D in order to reduce the error caused by this
accommodation. There is also another method called accommodation paralysis method.

Mechanic myopia occurs more easily in the case of the youth. Additionally, the accommodation
of eye is one of the functions of the eye. It controls the thickness of crystalline lens according to
the movement of the ciliary body and changes the refractive power of crystalline lens.
86
(2) Vertex Distance (VD)

Vertex Distance is the distance between the backward vertex of the correcting lens (eye side)
and the vertex of cornea.
VD influences the refraction power of eyesight correction lens. If VD is increased, refraction
power of correction lens is needed to be smaller, whereas, if VD is decreased, it is needed to be
larger than that of the standard VD as the following equation.
F1
F2 ＝ d
1+ F1
1000
F1 : Refraction Power with the standard VD in diopter

F2 : Refraction Power with changed VD in diopter
d : Difference between two VD in the unit of mm
(example) F1 ＝ + 1 0 D , d ＝ +3mm : F2 ＝ + 9 . 7 1 D
F1 ＝ + 1 0 D , d ＝ -3mm : F2 ＝ + 1 0 . 3 0 D
F1 ＝ - 1 0 D , d ＝ +2mm : F2 ＝ - 9 . 8 0 D
F1 ＝ - 1 0 D , d ＝ -2mm : F2 ＝ - 1 0 . 2 0 D
The following four kinds of data can be chose according to examinee in ‘User Setup Mode’.
VD ＝ 0 . 0 m m : h a r d c o n t a c t l e n s
VD ＝ 1 2 . 0 m m : l e n s o f g l a s s e s ( o r i e n t a l p e o p l e )
VD ＝ 1 3 . 5 m m : l e n s o f g l a s s e s ( w e s t e r n p e o p l e )
VD ＝ 1 5 . 0 m m : l e n s o f g l a s s e s ( w e s t e r n p e o p l e )
(3) Cylinder Form
There are three kinds of cylinder form.

－ : A form displaying the data using minor meridian. Refraction power of the minor
meridian is displayed as SPH and the axis as AX. The difference between the major
and minor meridian is displayed as –CYL.
＋ : A form displaying the data using major meridian. Refraction power of the major
meridian is displayed as SPH and the axis as AX. The difference between the major
87
and minor meridian is displayed as +CYL.
MIX : “-“ sign will be attached in the case of the myopic astigmatism whereas, “+” sign in the
case of the hyperoptic astigmatism.
The above-mentioned option can be chose in ‘User Setup Mode’

88
(4) Axis
Axis is expressed counterclockwise from the ear side of the left eye as the origin shown in the
figure below.
(5) Pupil Distance (PD)

Pupillary distance (PD) is the distance between the centers of the lenses of glasses.
Conveniently, it is said that the distance between the pupils is the distance between the center
of two lens.
Average PD of Korean people is about 62 or 63mm for men and about 60mm for woman.
89
(6) Eyeball Diagram representing refraction power
It is possible to print the refrection state diagram regarding the result of the REF measurement
to the internal printer. This function will be performed when ‘PRINT=ALL’ in the Page 2/4 of the
SETUP MODE. See the following table and diagram for further information.
NORMAL MYOPIA HYPER ASTI
Classification of Data OPIA GMA
TISM
NORMAL -0.5 =<S<= +0.5 -0.5 =<C<= 0.0 ◎

MYOPIA S< -0.5 -0.5 =<C<= 0.0 ◎
SIMPLE MYOPIC
-0.5 =<S<= 0.0 C< -0.5 ◎ ◎
ASTIGMATISM
COMPOUND MYOPIC
S< -0.5 C< -0.5 ◎ ◎
ASTIGMATISM
MIXED ASTIGMATISM 0.0 <S C< -0.5 S+C < 0.0 ◎
HYPEROPIA +0.5 <S -0.5 =<C<= 0.0 0.0 < S+C ◎
SIMPLE HYPEROPIC
+0.5 <S C< -0.5 0.0 =<S+C<= +0.5 ◎ ◎
ASTIGMATISM
COMPOUND
HYPEROPIC +0.5 <S+C ◎ ◎
ASTIGMATISM
Eyeball Output by REF Measurement
90
(a) EMMETROPIA/NORMAL (e) MIXED ASTIGMATISM
(b) MYOPIA/NEAR SIGHTEDNESS (f) HYPEROPIA

/ FAR SIGHTEDNESS
(c) SIMPLE MYOPIC ASTIGMATISM (g) SIMPLE HYPEROPIC

ASTIGMATISM
(d) COMPOUND MYOPIC ASTIGMATISM (h) COMPOUND HYPEROPIC

ASTIGMATISM
Diagram of the eye ball output by REF Measurement
91
Huvitz Co., Ltd
Anyang Plaza B/D 517-16, Anyang 6-dong, Manan-gu, Anyang-si, Kyunggi-do, 430-016,
Korea
92

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Auto-Refractometer/Keratometer MRK3100P/MR3100P

II. Safety Information

“Note” describes information for the installation, operation, or maintenance of which is

Save these instructions

I and O on power switch represent ON and OFF respectively.

Type B Isolated patient connection.

Signal Input/Output Connection.

IPX1 Drip-Proof Equipment.

This symbol identifies a safety note. Ensure you understand the

Identifies the point where the system safety ground is fastened

Avoid the following environments for operation or storage:

Don’t disassemble the Be careful not to close

Don’t plug the AC

cable connector(s) or receptacle(s), let the damage(s) be repaired by an authorized service

15. Do not cover any ventilation grids or slits.

③ Operation Panel There are several function buttons.

Fuse which protects this instrument from the excess

⑤ Power Supply Connector Connector for the power cable.

⑥ Power switch Switch for turning power ON or OFF.

⑦ Operation Lamp Indicate whether the power is ON or OFF.

⑧ Display Monitor Monitor that displays measurement results.

⑨ Measurement Button Press this button to start measurements.

⑩ Operation Lever Use this lever for alignment and focusing.

⑪ Stage Holding Dial Lock the stage to the base.

Window for the examinee to look into the target

② Printer To print results of measurement

③ Interface Connector Connector for external computer.

④ External Monitor Connector Connector for external monitor or VTR.

⑤ Brightness Adjuster Adjust the brightness of monitor.

⑥ Contrast Adjuster Adjust the contrast of monitor.

Place the examinee’s forehead against it to

Place the examinee’s chin on it to avoid

⑨ Clamping Bolt To lock the system stage to the base

Ｆ : Il lu mi na tio n system of the light source for Retro-Illum observation (8 !7-2 !7 -

3-1-2. Power input electrical block diagram

3-2-1. Main Board

J13 J15 J17

3-2-2. Description of wire harness connection of main board

Connecto No. Description Target connector

J1 Main power connector IO B/D JP7

J9 Serial port (COM2) IO B/D JP2

J12 REF CCD camera connector REF CCD camera

J15 Motor B/D Power connector Motor B/D JP7

3-2-4. Description of wire harness connection of motor board

Connector No. Description Target connector

JP1 Motor board control signals connector Main B/D J1

JP4 KER aperture control motor connector KER Motor

JP5 Chart change motor connector CHART Motor

JP6 KER aperture Photo Interrupter connector KER PI

JP7 Motor B/D Power connector Motor B/D J15

JP8 Not Used -

JP9 Chart change Photo Interrupter connector CHART PI

3-2-6. Description of wire harness connection of IO Board

Connecto No. Description Target connector

JP1 Thermal printer connector Thermal Printer

JP9 Video input connector Main B/D J8

ID Ref No. Part name / Description Target connector

A U13 CPU S4C44B0X MPU (Main Controller Unit)

H U5 Darlington TR array TD62083AF TR array for driving Power device

Changing of setting from MR-3100P to MRK-

☞ 3100P. The MRK-3100P Main board can be

Changing of setting from MRK-3100P to MR-

Hardware Test Mode