Visual & Electrical Tests for Electrical Power Equipments & Syste

# Equipment/ System Check/ Test

Visual & mechanical Inspections

1
Switchgear &
Switchboards
Electrical Tests
 mechanical
Inspections
Visual &
Transformers, Dry-Type, Air-
Cooled, Low-Voltage, Small

600V, less or equal 167 KVA

Electrical Tests
Single or 3 phase 500 KVA

Visual & mechanical Inspections

Transformers, Dry-type, Air

cooled, Large

600V, more 167KVA

single or 3 phase 500KVA
Electrical Tests
ical Inspections
 Transformers, Liquid-Filled
Electrical Tests Visual & mechanical Inspections
 Voltage
maximum

Cables, Medium and High

Cables, Low voltage 600V
Visual & mechanical
Visual & mechanical Inspections Electrical Tests
Inspections
 Voltage

Metal Enclosed Busways

Cables, Medium and High

Electrical Tests Visual & mechanical Inspections Electrical Tests

 Switches, Air, Low Voltage

Visual &
mechanical
Inspections
trical Tests for Electrical Power Equipments & Systems According to ANSI/NETA Standa
Inspection/ Test

Nameplate, mechanical, cables, clean, wiring tight, lubrication for moving

parts, filters & vents
Verify fuse and circuit breaker sizes and types
Verify current and voltage transformer ratios
Inspect bolted electrical connections for high resistance:
- Low resistance ohmmeter
- calibration torque wrench method
- thermographic survey
Operation of electrical and mechanical interlock systems
Correct barrier and shutter insulation and operation
Check Surge Arresters
Check instruments transformers

Inspect Control Power Transformer:

- physical
- primary & secondary fuse or Cb ratings
- correct function of disconnecting contacts, grounding contacts & interlocks

Resistance measurements through bolted electrical connections with a low

resistance ohmmeter

Insulation Resistance test for bus section

Dielectric Withstand Test

Insulation Resistance test for wiring cables

Electrical tests for instrument transformers

Ground resistance test
Test metering devices
Control Power Transformers:
- insulation resistance test (W-W & W-G)
- turns ratio test
- secondary wiring integrity test
- correct secondary voltage
- correct function of relays
Voltage transformers:
- secondary integrity test
- correct secondary voltage
Current injection test:
- for primary injection ( minimum 1 A flow secondary side)
- for secondary injection ( minimum 1 A flow secondary side)
Verify System function test
Space heater operation
Phase sequence
Electrical tests for surge arresters
Online Partial Discharge survey
Nameplate, mechanical, cables, clean,
Inspect bolted electrical connections for high resistance:
- Low resistance ohmmeter
- calibration torque wrench method
- thermographic survey
Verify as left tap connection are as specified
Resistance measurements through bolted electrical connections with a low
resistance ohmmeter

Insulation Resistance test for (W-W) (W-G), Dielectric absorbtion ration

Turns Ration
Correct Secondery voltage

Nameplate, mechanical, cables, clean,

Inspect bolted electrical connections for high resistance:

- Low resistance ohmmeter
- calibration torque wrench method
- thermographic survey
Verify as left tap connection are as specified
Verify control and alarm setting on temperature indicators
operate of cooling fans
Presence of Surge arrestor
Resistance measurements through bolted electrical connections with a low
resistance ohmmeter
Insulation Resistance test for (W-W) (W-G), Dielectric absorbtion ration &
Polarization index
Turns Ration
Correct Secondery voltage
Power factor or Dissipation factor tip up test on windings greater than 2.5
KV

Performe excitation current

Measure resistance at eaech winding (test current not exceed 10% rated
current)
test Surge Arresters
Online Partial Discharge survey
Core insullation test
Dielectric Withstand Test

Nameplate, mechanical, cables, clean, Bushing clean, correct liquid level,

valves in the correct position,
Inspect bolted electrical connections for high resistance:
- Low resistance ohmmeter
- calibration torque wrench method
- thermographic survey
Verify as left tap connection are as specified
Verify control and alarm setting on temperature indicators
operate of cooling fans
Presence of Surge arrestor
Dew point for gas
Verify the presence of PCB content labeling.
Verify that positive pressure is maintained on gas-blanketed transformers.
Test load tap-changer
Resistance measurements through bolted electrical connections with a low
resistance ohmmeter
Insulation Resistance test for (W-W) (W-G), Dielectric absorbtion ration &
Polarization index
Turns Ration
Correct Secondery voltage

Power factor or Dissipation factor tip up test on windings and bushings

Performe excitation current

Measure resistance at eaech winding (test current not exceed 10% rated
current)
test Surge Arresters
Online Partial Discharge survey
Core insullation test
Dielectric Withstand Test
Perform sweep frequency response analysis tests.
Perform dynamic resistance measurement for load tap changer.
Measure the percentage of oxygen in the gas blanket.
Perform leakage reactance three phase equivalent and per phase tests.
Perform dielectric frequency response test
sample of insulating liquid in accordance with ASTM D923:
1. Dielectric breakdown voltage: ASTM D1816
2. Acid neutralization number: ASTM D974
*3 Specific gravity: ASTM D1298
4. Interfacial tension: ASTM D971
5. Color: ASTM D1500
6. Visual Condition: ASTM D1524
7. Water in insulating liquids: ASTM D1533.
*8. Power factor or dissipation factor in accordance with ASTM D924.

Remove a sample of insulating liquid in accordance with ASTM D923 and

perform dissolved-gas analysis (DGA)
Test instrument transformers
Space heater operation
Test transformer neutral grounding impedance

Nameplate, damages, compression applied connectores, correct

identifications

Inspect bolted electrical connections for high resistance:

- Low resistance ohmmeter
- calibration torque wrench method
- thermographic survey
Inspect cable jacket insulation and condition.
Resistance measurements through bolted electrical connections with a low
resistance ohmmeter

Insulation Resistance test for wiring cables

Perform continuity tests to insure correct cable connection.

Verify uniform resistance of parallel conductors.

Nameplate, damages, compression applied connectores, sheild grounded,

supports, termination, correct identifications

Inspect bolted electrical connections for high resistance:

- Low resistance ohmmeter
- calibration torque wrench method
- thermographic survey
Inspect cable jacket insulation and condition.
Verify that visible cable bends meet or exceed ICEA
For window type transformer, verify ground and ground conductores are
properly terminated
Resistance measurements through bolted electrical connections with a low
resistance ohmmeter
Insulation Resistance test for each conductor and sheild ,
Perform a shield-continuity test on each power cable by ohmmeter method.
Perform cable time domain reflectometer (TDR) measurements on each
conductor.

As per ICEA, IEC, IEEE, Dielecric with stand test and baseline diagnostic
tests shall be done

Dielectric Withstand
1. Direct current (dc) dielectric withstand voltage
2. Very low frequency (VLF) dielectric withstand voltage
3. Power frequency (50/60 Hz) dielectric withstand voltage
4. Damped alternating current (DAC) voltage

Baseline Diagnostic Tests

1. Power factor/dissipation factor (tan delta)
A. Power frequency (50/60 Hz)
B. Very low frequency (VLF)
C. Damped alternating current (DAC) voltage
2. DC insulation resistance
3. Partial discharge
A. Online (50/60 Hz)
B. Off line
1. Power Frequency (50/60 Hz)
2. Very low frequency (VLF)
3. Damped alternating current (DAC) voltage

Nameplate, mechanical, cables, clean,

Inspect bolted electrical connections for high resistance:

- Low resistance ohmmeter
- calibration torque wrench method
- thermographic survey
Correct installation of joint shield
Verify weeb hole plugs
Verify ventelation opening are clean
Resistance measurements through bolted electrical connections with a low
resistance ohmmeter

Insullation resistance P-P and P-G for 1 min

Perform a dielectric withstand voltage test on each busway, phase-to-ground
with phases not under test grounded,
Contact resistance test
Phasing test (permanent source)
Space heater operation
Online Partial Discharge survey
stems According to ANSI/NETA Standards
Inspection/ Test Values (Expected Results)

As per design/ manufacturer data

As per design/ manufacturer data

As per design/ manufacturer data
- Low resistance (investigate values deviate more than 50% from the lowest
value)
- Bolted torque (manufacturer or table 100.12)
- Thermographic survey (table 100.18)
As per design/ manufacturer data
As per design/ manufacturer data
As per design/ manufacturer data
As per design/ manufacturer data

As per design/ manufacturer data

Manufacturer data or table 100.1

- 1 minute
- Phase to phase & phase to ground
If insulation resistance test not pass, you cannot proceed with dielectric test
- 500 Vdc for 300 V rated
- 1000 Vdc for 600 V rated
- values should not less than 2 megohms
Refer to Instruments transformers test
Refer to Ground resistance test
Refer to Metering devices test

- insulation (as per table 100.1)

- turns ratio (shall not deviate more than 1.5% from adjacent coils or calculated
ratio)
- voltages & relay shall be as per design/ specs

As per design/ specs

As per design/ specs

ANSI/NETA Electrical Commissioning Standards ECS

operate
As per design/ specs
Refer to surge arresters tests
Refer to Partial Discharge tests
As per design/ manufacturer data
- Low resistance (investigate values deviate more than 50% from the lowest
value)
- Bolted torque (manufacturer or table 100.12)
- Thermographic survey (table 100.18)
As per design/ manufacturer data
Low resistance (investigate values deviate more than 50% from the lowest
value)
Table 100.5
Dielectric absoption ration less than 1
Not deviate by 1.5% from other coils/ calcualated
As per name plate

As per design/ manufacturer data

- Low resistance (investigate values deviate more than 50% from the lowest
value)
- Bolted torque (manufacturer or table 100.12)
- Thermographic survey (table 100.18)
As per design/ manufacturer data
As per design/ specs
operate

Low resistance (investigate values deviate more than 50% from the lowest
value)
Table 100.5
Dielectric absoption ratio & polarization index less than 1
Not deviate by 1.5% from other coils/ calcualated
As per name plate
- CHL power transformer 2% or less
- CHL distribution transformer 5 % or less
- power or dissipation factor more 1% shall be investigated
for 3 legged core transformer is 2 similar current reading & 1 lower current
reading
results shall corrected within 1%
Refer to surge arresters tests
Refer to Partial Discharge tests
for core 1 mega ohm at 500 Vdc
- for AC, test voltage not ecssed 75% factory test voltage
- for DC, test voltage not exceed 100% AC rms test voltage

As per design/ manufacturer data

- Low resistance (investigate values deviate more than 50% from the lowest
value)
- Bolted torque (manufacturer or table 100.12)
- Thermographic survey (table 100.18)
As per design/ manufacturer data
As per design/ specs
operate

As per design/ specs

Shall be indicated in the presure gauge

As per design/ specs
Low resistance (investigate values deviate more than 50% from the lowest
value)
Table 100.5
Dielectric absoption ratio & polarization index less than 1
Not deviate by 1.5% from other coils/ calcualated
As per name plate

- Windings as per mannfacturer data

- Bushings, values vary by 50% from name plate shall be investigated
- bushing capacitnace values vary by 5% from name plate shall be invistegated
- bushing hot collar test values exceed 01 W shll be investigated

for 3 legged core transformer is 2 similar current reading & 1 lower current
reading
results shall corrected within 2%
Refer to surge arresters tests
Refer to Partial Discharge tests
for core 1 mega ohm at 500 Vdc
- for AC, test voltage not ecssed 75% factory test voltage
- for DC, test voltage not exceed 100% AC rms test voltage
As per design/ specs
As per design/ specs
Investigate the presence of Oxygen
Investigate reults deviate 3% or more from the name plate values for
single(AVG for 3 readings) and 3 phase
As per design/ specs
as per listed standerds

IEEE C57.104
Refer to Instruments transformers test
Refer to surge arresters tests
As per design/ specs

As per design/ manufacturer data

- Low resistance (investigate values deviate more than 50% from the lowest
value)
- Bolted torque (manufacturer or table 100.12)
- Thermographic survey (table 100.18)
Inspection
Low resistance (investigate values deviate more than 50% from the lowest
value)
- 500 Vdc for 300 V rated
- 1000 Vdc for 600 V rated
- values should not less than 2 megohms
Cable shall exhibit continuity.
Deviations in resistance between parallel conductors shall be investigated.

As per design/ manufacturer data

- Low resistance (investigate values deviate more than 50% from the lowest
value)
- Bolted torque (manufacturer or table 100.12)
- Thermographic survey (table 100.18)
Inspection
ICEA
Inspection

Low resistance (investigate values deviate more than 50% from the lowest
value)
Manufacturere data or Table 100.1
Investigate resulats rxceed 10 ohm/1000 feet
Compare with other phases

If no shown damage the tests are passed

As per design/ manufacturer data

- Low resistance (investigate values deviate more than 50% from the lowest
value)
- Bolted torque (manufacturer or table 100.12)
- Thermographic survey (table 100.18)
inspection
inspection
inspection
Low resistance (investigate values deviate more than 50% from the lowest
value)
As per manufacturer data, table 100.1
R1000 ft = Measured Resistance x Length of Run/1000
If no shown damage the tests are passed
Microohm and milivolt values ((investigate values deviate more than 50%
from the lowest value)
System design
operate
Refer to Partial Discharge tests