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Lab.1 of Survey On Total Station
Lab.1 of Survey On Total Station
Objective:
This job is performed to determine slope distance, vertical distance and horizontal distance in
UMT Greens to form a closed traverse.
Apparatus:
1. Total Station
2. Optical Survey Prism and Stand
3. Wooden Pegs
4. Tripod Stand
5. Wooden Hammer
Survey Peg:
Survey pegs or Survey stakes are used for land making boundaries and indicate points and
position of a site. They can be found in various lengths but usually they are 40-60cm. They
are made up of different materials like wood, metal or plastic. These pegs have pointed ends
used for easy hammering at a specify point. Some of the most common survey pegs are:
Indicator Survey Pegs
Boundary Survey Pegs
Dumpies Survey Pegs
Residential Survey Pegs
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Tripod Stand:
Tripod is a supporting for the theodolite instrument. It consists of 3 legs and has screws on it
which are used for increasing or decreasing the height of an instrument that is placed on it. A
center screw is used to fix the theodolite so that it may not be move from its original place.
Fix the tripod in appropriate height in order to find the horizontal angle from the ground by
seeing through the eye piece lens.
Types of Prism:
Topcon Prism
Sew Prism
Leica Prism
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Related Theory:
Purpose of Surveying:
Surveying is the technique, profession, and science of determining the terrestrial or three
dimensional positions of points above, on, or beneath the earth’s surface of a land area span
and
the distances and angles between them in order to design a plan or map for construction.
Total Station:
Total station is an electronic device used for the measurement of horizontal and slope
distances, horizontal and vertical angles and elevations in topographic surveys and geodetic
works, tachometric surveys, as well as for survey solutions.
Structure:
A total station is a combination of:
Transit Theodolite
Electronic Distance Measuring (EDM) Device
Microprocessor with memory unit
Principle of Working:
The EDM instrument fitted inside the telescope of total station transmits an infrared beam,
which is reflected to the unit with the help of a prism (after total internal reflection), and the
EDM uses timing measurements to calculate the distance travelled by the beam.
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D=vx
Here,
D = Covered Distance, v = Velocity of infrared beam, t = time taken for the reflection of
beam
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Advantages of Total Station:
Following are some of the major advantages of using total station over the conventional
surveying instruments:
Fieldwork is carried out very fast.
Total Stations understand all languages.
Accuracy of measurement is high.
Manual errors involved in reading and recording are eliminated.
Calculation of coordinates is very fast and accurate. Even corrections for
temperature and pressure are automatically made.
Multiple surveys can be performed in one set-up.
Comments: This lab tells us about comprehensive information and the practical
application of surveying instruments.
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