L01. BP405T History, Scope and Development of Pharmacognosy

LastBenchPharmacist.blogspot.
com
Contents
Definition and history of Pharmacognosy
m
.co
ot
sp
og
l
.b
ist
ac
rm
ha
P
ch
en
stB
La
LastBenchPharmacist.blogspot.com 1
Faculty of Pharmacy © Ramaiah University of AppliedSciences
LastBenchPharmacist.blogspot.com
Objectives
• At the end of this tutorial, student will be able to
– Define Pharmacognosy
m
.co
ot
sp
– Describe the evolution of Pharmacognosy
og
l
.b
ist
ac
r m
ha
P
ch
en
stB
La
Definition
Pharmacognosy (Materia Medica)
Pharmacognosy = “Pharmakon
Pharmakon” + “Gignosco”
m
.co
ot
Drug To acquire knowledge about
sp
log
.b
ist
ac
m
r
Pha
ch
en
stB
La
• Analecta Pharmacognostica by C A Seydler

Definition
 Objective study of crude drugs from natural sources, treated scientifically and
it encompasses the knowledge of the history, distribution, cultivation,
collection, processing for market and preservation, the study of sensory,
m
.co
ot
physical, chemical and structural characters and uses of crude drugs
sp
og
l
.b
ist
ac
 Simultaneous application of various scientific disciplines with the object of
r m
ha
P
acquiring knowledge about the drugs from every point of view
en
ch
stB
La
 Applied science which deals with the biologic,

biologic biochemical and economic
features of the natural drugs and its constituents
History
 Plants - medicinally in China, India, Egypt, Greece, etc
m
.co
Western Medicine
ot
sp
og
Unani
l
.b
ist
ac
m
Ayurvedic
r
ha
P
ch
en
Orient
stB
La
Histo
ory
Prehistoric Evidence
 Archaelogical studies
m
.co
 Neanderthal men (60, 000 B.C)
ot
sp
og
l
.b
ist
ac
New Stone Age (8000-5000 B.C.)
r m
ha
P
ch
 Paleolithic (food gathering) to Neolithic (food producing) period
en
stB
 Lake dwelling people

La
Eg., Papaver somniferum, Verbana officinalis, Fumaria officinalis

 Medicine - rituals
Histo
ory
Ancient Mesapatomia
 Sumerians, Cuneiform writing
 About 660 tablets (650 B.C) from the Ashurbanipal’s Library at Ninevah,
m
.co
now in British museum
ot
sp
og
l
 Treatise of Medical Diagnosis and prognoses
.b
ist
ac
m
 Practitioners were of two types
r
ha
P
ch
en
Ashipu: (sorcerer) diagnose the ailments
stB
La
Asu: (Physician) Specilised in herbal medicine
 Decoctions
Ancient Egypt Histo
ory
Papyrus Ebers (1600 B.C.)
 Tomb of Mummy
 More than 800 formulae / 700 different drugs
m
.co
ot
 Embalming the dead body
sp
og
l
.b
ist
ac
r m
ha
P
ch
en
stB
La
Edwinsmith Papyrus (1600 B.C)

 Surgical instructions, formula for cosmetics
Histo
ory
Ancient China
 “Pen-t-Sao” by Shen-Nung in 3000 B.C. contained about 365 drugs
 One a day for a year
m
.co
120 emperor drugs
ot
sp
og
l
.b
120 minister herbs
ist
ac
r m
125 servant herbs
ha
P
ch
en
stB
 Bencao Gangmu or The Compendium of Materia

La
Medica, 1578 by Li Shi Zhen

 1898 crude drugs of plant, animal, mineral origin
Histo
ory
Ancient India
 Ayurveda - “Ancient Science of Life” [ space, air, energy, liquid and solid]
 “Gunas”
m
 “Charaka” ; 50 groups with 10 herbs in each group
.co
ot
sp
og
l
.b
ist
ac
 “Sushruta” ; 760 herbs in 7 sets based on common properties
r m
ha
P
ch
 “Charaka Samhita” (Medicinal plants); “Sushruta Samhita” (Surgery)
en
stB
La
Histo
ory
Ancient Greece and Rome
 Earliest of Greek medical knowledge is “Homer”

 Iliad and the Odyssey,
Odyssey dates around 8th century B.C
m
.co
ot
sp
 Iliad - treatment of injuries
og
l
.b
ist
ac
r m
ha
P
ch
en
Hippocrates, Father of Medicine (460-360
( B.C),
stB
La
first natural doctor, used simple natural remedies

like vinegar, honey, etc
Histo
ory
 Theophrastus
 Father of Botanical Sciences
 De histori Plantarum
m
.co
ot
sp
og
l
.b
 Dioscorides (40-80
(40 AD)
ist
ac
r m
 Materia Medica
ha
P
ch
en
stB
La
 Galen (131-200 AD
 Method of preparing the formulae
 Galenical Pharmacy
Histo
ory
Middle Ages
 Schools of medicines
 Avicenna - Ash-Shifa (Book of Healing) and Canon of Medicine
m
.co
ot
sp
og
l
.b
ist
ac
r m
ha
P
ch
en
stB
La
 Monastic Pharmacy
Histo
ory
The Renaissance:
 Ortus Sanitatis (Garden of health), Latin in 1491
 Older German book Herbarius Zu Teutsch
m
.co
 Standard book of medicine in England during 16th century
ot
sp
og
l
.b
ist
ac
 De Histori Stirpium by Leonhurt Fuchs in
r m
ha
P
1542 en
ch
stB
La
 A New Herball, by William Turner in 1551

 Ortus Sanitatis and Ye Grete Herball
Summa
mmary
• Pharmacognosy is derived from two Greek words
• Pharmacognosy is the study of crude drugs obtained from plants,
animals and minerals
m
.co
• Neanderthal men fortified plants along with dead bodies in the
ot
sp
og
burial site
l
.b
ist
ac
• Sumerians developed cuneiform writing and contributed Treatise of
rm
ha
P
ch
Medical Diagnosis and prognoses
en
stB
La
• Papyrus Ebers and Edwinsmith Papyrus were the important

contribution by Egyptians
• Chinese contributed Pen-t-Sao and Bencao Gangmu
Summary
• Charaka and Sushruta contributed Charaka Samhita (medicine) and
Sushruta Samhita (surgery) respectively
• Astanga Hrdya Samhita was also contributed by Indians
m
.co
ot
• Homer, Hippocrates, Theophrastus, Dioscorides and Galen from Rome
sp
og
l
.b
and Greece made important contributions to the development of
ist
ac
m
Pharmacognosy
r
ha
P
ch
en
• During middle ages, several schools
sch of medicines originated and
stB
La
Avicenna was an important contributor
• In the Renaissance period books were compiled, written and printed
• During modern times several pure phytochemicals were isolated


L01. BP405T History, Scope and Development of Pharmacognosy

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

L01. BP405T History, Scope and Development of Pharmacognosy

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

L01. BP405T History, Scope and Development of Pharmacognosy

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

LastBenchPharmacist.blogspot.

Definition and history of Pharmacognosy

• At the end of this tutorial, student will be able to

• Analecta Pharmacognostica by C A Seydler

 Applied science which deals with the biologic,

 Plants - medicinally in China, India, Egypt, Greece, etc

 Lake dwelling people

Eg., Papaver somniferum, Verbana officinalis, Fumaria officinalis

Asu: (Physician) Specilised in herbal medicine

Edwinsmith Papyrus (1600 B.C)

 One a day for a year

 Bencao Gangmu or The Compendium of Materia

Medica, 1578 by Li Shi Zhen

 Earliest of Greek medical knowledge is “Homer”

first natural doctor, used simple natural remedies

 A New Herball, by William Turner in 1551

• Papyrus Ebers and Edwinsmith Papyrus were the important

Avicenna was an important contributor

• In the Renaissance period books were compiled, written and printed

• During modern times several pure phytochemicals were isolated

You might also like