Che Name Reaction - 11th EM

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S. Manikandan, Msc, B.Ed., PG Assit. in Department of Chemistry 7708543401 Page 1
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Important NAME REACTIONS of chemistry in

Class 11th
INDEX
1.Sabatier-Sendersens Reaction
2.Kolbe’s Electrolytic Method ****
3.Wurtz Reaction ****
4.Corey-House Mechanism
5.Chlorination Reaction ****
6.Aromatisation
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7.Test For Alkene
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8.Markovnikoff’s Rule ****
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And Anti-Markovnikoff’s Rule
9.Baeyer’s Reagent
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10.Ozonolysis
11.Difference Between 1-Butyne And 2-Butyne **** (Delete Portion -2021-22)
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12.Addition Of Water In Alkyne(Dp-2021-22)

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13.Huckel’s Rule ****

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14.Benzene From Acetylene **** (Dp-2021-22)

15.Decarboxylation Reaction ****
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16.Addition Of Hydrogen To Benzene ****

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17.Benzene From Phenol

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18.Wurtz-Fittig Reaction ****

19.Fridel Craft’s Alkylation Reaction ****
20.Nitration
21.Halogenaion
22. Fridel Craft’s Acylation Reaction ****
23.Hydrogenation Of Benzene
24.Bhc(Benzene Hexa Chloride) Or Gammaxane ****
25.Brich Reduction ****
26.Lucas Reagent
27.Darzen’s Halogenation
28.Finkelstein Reaction
29.Swarts Reaction
30.Hunsdiccker Reaction
31.Ethyl Bromide Chemical Properties
32.Williamson Ether Synthesis ****
33.Sn1 Mechanism ****
34. Sn2 Mechanism ****
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35. E1 Mechanism
36. E2 Mechanism
37.Chemical Properties Of Grignard Reagent(Rmgx) ****
38.Sandmeyer Reaction **** da
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39.Raschig Process
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40.Fittig Reaction ****

41.Carbylamine Reaction **** (Dp-2021-22)
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42.Ddt ****(Dp-2021-22)
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43.Chloropicrin ****(Dp-2021-22)
44.Dow Process ****
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45.Freon-12 ****(Dp-2021-22)
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46.Difference Between Gem-Dihalide And Vic-Dihalide(Dp-2021-22)

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47.Balz-Schiemann Reaction
48.Polymerisation ****(Dp-2021-22)
i).Linear Polymerisation(Dp-2021-22)
ii).Cyclic Polymerisation(Dp-2021-22)
49.β-Eliminisation Reaction ****(Dp-2021-22)
50.Electrophilic Substitution Reaction ***(Dp-2021-22)
Note : (Dp-2021-22) - Delete portion 2021-2022
1.SABATIER-SENDERSENS REACTION
When a mixture hydrogen gas with alkene or alkyne gas is passed over a catalysts
such platinum or palladium at room temperature, alkane is produced. The above
process can be catalysed by nickel at 298K.
This reaction is known as Sabatier-sendersens reaction.
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2.KOLBE’S ELECTROLYTIC METHOD
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When sodium or potassium salt of carboxylic acid is electrolyzed , a higher alkane
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is formed .The decarboxylative dimerization of two carboxylic acid occurs.
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3.WURTZ REACTION
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When a solution of halo alkanes in dry ether is treated with sodium metal, higher
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alkanes are produced.

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4.COREY-HOUSE MECHANISM
An alkyl halide and lithium di alkyl cuprate are reacted to give higher alkane.
5.CHLORINATION REACTION
 A halogenation reaction is the chemical reaction between an alkane and halogen

in which one or more hydrogen atoms are substituted by the halogens.
 Methane react with chlorine in the presence of light or when heated as follows
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6.AROMATISATION
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Alkanes with six or ten carbon atoms are converted into homologous of benzene at
high temperature and in the presence of catalyst. This reaction is known as
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aromatization.
n-hexane passed over Cr2O3 supported on alumina at 873K gives benzene
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7.TEST FOR ALKENE
S.NO Compound Bromine Product

water(reddish
brown)
1 Alkene Decolour solution Dibromo
compound
2 Alkane No colour change No new product
8.MARKOVNIKOFF’S RULE
When an unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide, the hydrogen adds to
the carbon that has more number of hydrogen and halogen add to the carbon having
fewer hydrogen. Example :
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AND ANTI-MARKOVNIKOFF’S RULE (or)
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PEROXIDE EFFECT OR KHARASCH ADDITION
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 When an unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide , the hydrogen adds
to the carbon that has less number of hydrogen and halogen add to the carbon
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having more hydrogen.
 This reaction presence of organic peroxide, gives the anti markovnikoff’s
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product .This effect is called peroxide.

 Example :
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9.BAEYER’S REAGENT
Alkenes react with baeyer’s reagent to form vicinal diols. The purple solution(Mn2+)
becomes dark green(Mn6+), and then produces a dark brown precipitate (Mn4+ )
10.OZONOLYSIS
Alkenes react with ozone to form ozonide and it is cleaved by Zn/H2O to form
smaller molecules. This reaction is often used to identify the structure of unkown
alkene or alkyne by detecting the position of double or triple bond.
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11.DIFFERENCE BETWEEN 1-BUTYNE AND 2-BUTYNE
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An alkyne shows acidic nature only if it contains terminal hydrogen.
s.no Type of compound Hybrid carbon S character %

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atom
1 Alkyne sp 50 %
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2 Alkene Sp2 33%

3 Alkane Sp3 25%
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So alkyne carbon becomes more electronegative facilitating donation of H+ ions to

bases. So hydrogen attached to triply bonded carbon atoms is acidic.
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12.ADDITION OF WATER IN ALKYNE
Alkynes undergo hydration on warming with mercuric sulphate and dilute H2SO4 at
333k to form carbonyl compounds.
13.HUCKEL’S RULE
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A compound may be aromatic , if it obeys the following rules
i) The molecule must be co-planar
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ii) Complete delocalization of π electron in the ring
iii) Presence of (4n+2) π electron in the ring where n is an integer (
n=0,1,2….) .This is known as huckel’s rule.Example :
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i) The benzene is a planar molecule

ii) It has six delocalaised π electrons
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iii) 4n + 2 = 6
4n = 6-2 ஃ n=1
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It obeys huckel’s (4n+2) π electrons rule with n=1

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Hence, benzene is aromatic.

14.BENZENE FROM ACETYLENE
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Ethyne undergoes cyclic polymerization on passing through red hot iron tube .Three
molecules of ethyne polymerises to benzene.
15.DECARBOXYLATION REACTION
When sodium benzoate in heated with sodalime, benzene vapours distil over
16.ADDITION OF HYDROGEN TO BENZENE
Benzene can add on to three moles of hydrogen in the presence of nickel catalyst to
give cyclohexane.
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17.BENZENE FROM PHENOL
When phenol vapours are passed over zinc dust , then it is reduced to benzene.
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18.WURTZ-FITTIG REACTION
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When a solution of bromo benzene and iodo methane in dry ether is treated with
metallic sodium , toluene is formed.
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19.FRIDEL CRAFT’S ALKYLATION REACTION
When benzene is treated with methyl chloride in the presence of anhydrous

aluminium chloride , tolune is formed.
20.NITRATION
When benzene is heated at 330K with a nitrating mixture (Con.HNO3 +

Con.H2SO4) nitro benzene is formed by replacing are hydrogen atom by nitronium
ion NO2+ (electrophile).
21..HALOGENATION
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Benzene reacts with halogens(X2 =Cl2 , Br2) in the presence of lewis acid such as
FeCl3 , FeBr3 or AlCl3 and give corresponding halo benzene
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22. FRIDEL CRAFT’S ACYLATION REACTION

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When benzene is treated with acetyl chloride in the presence of AlCl3 , acyl benzene
is formed.
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23.HYDROGENATION OF BENZENE
Benzene reacts with hydrogen in the presence of platinum or palladium to yield

cyclohexane. This is known as hydrogenation.
24.BHC(BENZENE HEXA CHLORIDE) OR

GAMMAXANE OR LINDANE
Benzene reacts with three molecules of Cl2 in the presence of sun light or UV light
to yield Benzene Hexa Chloride (BHC) C6H6Cl6. This is known as gammaxane or
Lindane which is powerful insecticide.
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25.BRICH REDUCTION
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Benzene can be reduced to 1,4-cyclohexadiene by treatment with Na or Li in a
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mixture of liquid ammonia and alcohol. It is the convenient method to prepare
cyclic dienes.
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26.LUCAS REAGENT
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Mixture of con.HCl anhydrous ZnCl2 is called lucas reagent.

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27.DARZEN’S HALOGENATION
Ethanol react with thionyl chloride to form ethylchloride.
28.FINKELSTEIN REACTION
Chloro or bromoalkane on heating with a concentrated solution of sodium iodide in
dry acetone gives iodo alkanes.
NaBr
29.SWARTS REACTION
Chloro or bromo alkanes on heating with metallic fluorides like AgF ,SbF3 or
Hg2F2 gives fluoro alkanes. This reactions is called Swarts reaction.
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30.HUNSDICCKER REACTION
Silver salts of fatty acids when refluxed with bromine in CCl4 gives bromo alkane.
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31.ETHYL BROMIDE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

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i)AMMONOLYSIS :
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Haloalkane react with alcoholic ammonia solution to form alkyl amines.
ii) REACTION WITH ALCOHOLIC KCN :
Haloalkanes react with alcoholic KCN solution to form alkyl cyanide.
iii) REACTION WITH ALCOHOLIC AgCN :
Haloalkanes react with alcoholic AgCN solution to form alkyl isocyanide.
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iv) REACTION WITH SODIUM OR POTASSIUM NITRITE :
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Haloalkanes react with alcoholic solution of NaNO2 or KNO2 to form alkyl nitrites.
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v) REACTION WITH SILVER NITRITE :

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Haloalkanes react with alcoholic solution of AgNO2 to form nitro alkanes.

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vi) REACTION WITH SODIUM OR POTASSIUM HYDROGEN

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SULPHIDE.
Haloalkanes rect with sodium or potassium hydrogen sulphide to form thio alcohols.
32.WILLIAMSON ETHER SYNTHESIS
Haloalkane , when boiled with sodium alkoxide gives corresponding ethers.
33.SN1 MECHANISM
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REACTION :
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Reaction between tertiary butyl bromide with aqueous KOH

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MECHANISM :
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 It is unimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

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 This reaction rate only depends upon the concentration of alkyl halide.
 This reaction rate idependent of the concentration of the nucleophile.
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 Rate of the reaction =k [alkyl halide]

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 It is first order kinetics and two step reaction.

 First step is rate determining step and second step is not affect the rate.
 This reaction first step is formation of carbocation and then attack of
nucleophile.
 Tert-butyl bromide is not optically active. So product is optically inactive
 As nucleophilic reagent OH- can attack carbocation from both the sides , to
form equal proportion of dextro and levorotatory optically active isomers
which results in optically inactive racemic mixture.
STEP : 1
The polar C-Br bond breaks forming a carbocation and bromide ion .This step is
slow
STEP : 2
The nucleophile immediately reacts with the carbocation. This step is fast
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34. SN2 MECHANISM

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MECHANISM :
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 It is bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

 This reaction rate depends upon the both concentration of alkyl halide and
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nucleophile.
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 Rate of the reaction =k [alkyl halide] [nucleophile]

 It is second order kinetics and one step reaction.
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 This reaction formation of “TRANSITION STATE “.

 The nucleophile attack is back side attack .
 Attack of OH- and cleavage of Br- is simultaneously
 When 2-bromooctane is heated with sodium hydroxide , 2-octanol is formed
with inversion of configuration.
 SN2 reaction of an optically active haloalkane is always accompanied by
inversion of configuration at the asymmetric centre.
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a) (-) 2-bromo octane,
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(b) transition state,
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(c) (+) 2-octanol (product)
35. E1 MECHANISM
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REACTION :
Reaction between tertiary butyl chloride with alcoholic KOH
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MECHANISM :
 It is Elimination of unimolecular reaction.

 This reaction rate only depends upon the concentration of alkyl halide.
 Rate of the reaction =k [alkyl halide]
 It is first order kinetics and two step reaction.
 This reaction first step is formation of carbocation and then Elimination of a
proton from the β-carbon to produce an alkene
STEP: 1 Heterolytic fission to yield a carbocation
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STEP : 2 Elimination of a proton from the β-carbon to produce an alkene
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36. E2 MECHANISM
REACTION :
CH3-CH2- CH2-Cl + alcoholic KOH  CH3- CH= CH2 + H2O + KCl
MECHANISM :
 It is bimolecular Elimination reaction.

 This reaction rate depends upon the both concentration of alkyl halide and
base.
 Rate of the reaction =k [alkyl halide] [base]
 It is second order kinetics and one step reaction.
 This reaction abstraction of the proton from the β carbon and expulsion of
halide from the α carbon occur simultaneously .
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37.CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF GRIGNARD REAGENT(RMgX)
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i) PREPARATION OF PRIMARY ALCOHOL :

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Formaldehyde reacts with Grignard reagent to give addition products which on

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hydrolysis yields primary alcohol.

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ii) PREPARATION OF SECONDRY ALCOHOL :
Aldehyde other than formaldehyde ,react with Grignard reagent to give addition
product which on hydrolysis yields secondary alcohol.
iii).PREPARATION OF TERTIARY ALCOHOL :
Ketone reacts with Grignard reagent to give an addition product which on
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hydrolysis yields tertiary alcohols.
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IV. PREPARATION OF ALDEHYDE :

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Ethyl formate reacts with Grignard reagent to form aldehyde.

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v). PREPARATION OF KETONE :
Acid chloride reacts with Grignard reagent to form ketone.
CH3-CO-Cl + CH3MgI  CH3- CO- CH3 + MgI(Cl)
vi).PREPARATION OF CARBOXYLIC ACID :
Solid carbon dioxide reacts with Grignard reagent to form addition product which
on hydrolysis yields carboxylic acid.
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vii).PREPARATION OF ESTER :
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Ethylchloroformate reacts with Grignard reagents to form esters.

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viii).PREPARATION OF HIGHER ETHERS :
Low halogenated ether reacts with Grignard reagent to form higher ethers.
ix).PREPARATION OF ALKYL CYANIDE :
Grignard reagent reacts with cyanogen chloride to form alkyl cyanide.
x).PREPARATION OF ALKANES :
Water to react with Grignard reagent to form alkane.
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38.SANDMEYER REACTION
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When aqueous solution of benzene diazonium chloride is warmed with Cu 2Cl2 in
HCl gives chloro benzene.
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39.RASCHIG PROCESS
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Chloro benzene is commercially prepared by passing a mixture of benzene vapour,

air and HCl over heated cupric chloride.
40.FITTIG REACTION
Haloarenes react with sodium metal in dry ether, two aryl groups combine to give
biaryl products.
41.CARBYLAMINE REACTION
Chloroform reacts with aliphatic or aromatic primary amine and alcoholic caustic
potash, to give foul smelling alkyl isocyanide .(carbylamines)
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This reaction is used to test primary amine.
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42.DDT
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(p,p’-Dichloro Diphenyl Trichloro ethane)

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DDT can be prepared by heating a mixture of chlorobenzene with chloral (Trichloro

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acetaldehyde) in the presence of Con.H2SO4

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43.CHLOROPICRIN
Chloroform reacts with nitric acid to form chloropicrin.(Trichloro nitro methane)
44.DOW PROCESS
The halogen of chlorobenzene can be substituted by OH- with appropriate
nucleophile reagents at high temperature and pressure.
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45.FREON-12
The chloro fluoro derivatives of methane and ethane are called freons.
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Example :
Freon-12 is prepared by the action of hydrogen fluoride on carbon tetrachloride in
the presence of catalytic amount of antimony pentachloride.This is called Swartz
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reaction.
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46.DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GEM-DIHALIDE AND VIC-DIHALIDE

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Gem-dihalides, on hydrolysis with aqueous KOH give an aldehyde or a ketone

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Vic-dihalide, on hydrolysis with aqueous KOH gives glycols.
47.BALZ-SCHIEMANN REACTION
Fluoro benzene is prepared by treating benzenediazonium chloride with fluoro

boric acid. This reaction produces diazonium fluoroborate which on heating
produces fluorobenzene.
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48.POLYMERISATION
i) linear polymerisation
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Ethyne forms linear polymer , when passed into a solution of cuprous chloride and
ammonium chloride .
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ii) cyclic polymerisation

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Ethyne undergoes cyclic polymerization on passing through red hot iron tube. Three
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molecules of ethynepolymerises to benzene.
49.β-elimination reaction
n-propyl bromide on reaction with alcoholic KOH gives propene. In this reaction
hydrogen and Br are eliminated.
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50.electrophilic substitution reactions.
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S. Manikandan, Msc, B.Ed.,

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PG Assitant-7708543401
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Department of Chemistry
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Mount Carmel Mission Mat. Hr. Sec. School,

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Kallakurichi
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www.kalvikadal.in https://t.me/Join_kalvikadal https://material.kalvikadal.

Mount Carmel Mission Mat. Hr. Sec. School, Kallakurichi

Praise the Lord

S. Manikandan, Msc, B.Ed., PG Assit. in Department of Chemistry 7708543401 Page 1

Mount Carmel Mission Mat. Hr. Sec. School, Kallakurichi

Important NAME REACTIONS of chemistry in

12.Addition Of Water In Alkyne(Dp-2021-22)

13.Huckel’s Rule ****

14.Benzene From Acetylene **** (Dp-2021-22)

16.Addition Of Hydrogen To Benzene ****

17.Benzene From Phenol

18.Wurtz-Fittig Reaction ****

S. Manikandan, Msc, B.Ed., PG Assit. in Department of Chemistry 7708543401 Page 2

Mount Carmel Mission Mat. Hr. Sec. School, Kallakurichi

40.Fittig Reaction ****

46.Difference Between Gem-Dihalide And Vic-Dihalide(Dp-2021-22)

Note : (Dp-2021-22) - Delete portion 2021-2022

S. Manikandan, Msc, B.Ed., PG Assit. in Department of Chemistry 7708543401 Page 3

Mount Carmel Mission Mat. Hr. Sec. School, Kallakurichi

This reaction is known as Sabatier-sendersens reaction.

alkanes are produced.

S. Manikandan, Msc, B.Ed., PG Assit. in Department of Chemistry 7708543401 Page 4

Mount Carmel Mission Mat. Hr. Sec. School, Kallakurichi

 A halogenation reaction is the chemical reaction between an alkane and halogen

7.TEST FOR ALKENE

S.NO Compound Bromine Product

S. Manikandan, Msc, B.Ed., PG Assit. in Department of Chemistry 7708543401 Page 5

Mount Carmel Mission Mat. Hr. Sec. School, Kallakurichi

product .This effect is called peroxide.

S. Manikandan, Msc, B.Ed., PG Assit. in Department of Chemistry 7708543401 Page 6

Mount Carmel Mission Mat. Hr. Sec. School, Kallakurichi

s.no Type of compound Hybrid carbon S character %

2 Alkene Sp2 33%

So alkyne carbon becomes more electronegative facilitating donation of H+ ions to

S. Manikandan, Msc, B.Ed., PG Assit. in Department of Chemistry 7708543401 Page 7

Mount Carmel Mission Mat. Hr. Sec. School, Kallakurichi

12.ADDITION OF WATER IN ALKYNE

i) The benzene is a planar molecule

It obeys huckel’s (4n+2) π electrons rule with n=1

Hence, benzene is aromatic.

S. Manikandan, Msc, B.Ed., PG Assit. in Department of Chemistry 7708543401 Page 8

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16.ADDITION OF HYDROGEN TO BENZENE

19.FRIDEL CRAFT’S ALKYLATION REACTION

When benzene is treated with methyl chloride in the presence of anhydrous

S. Manikandan, Msc, B.Ed., PG Assit. in Department of Chemistry 7708543401 Page 9

Mount Carmel Mission Mat. Hr. Sec. School, Kallakurichi

When benzene is heated at 330K with a nitrating mixture (Con.HNO3 +

22. FRIDEL CRAFT’S ACYLATION REACTION

Benzene reacts with hydrogen in the presence of platinum or palladium to yield

S. Manikandan, Msc, B.Ed., PG Assit. in Department of Chemistry 7708543401 Page 10

Mount Carmel Mission Mat. Hr. Sec. School, Kallakurichi

24.BHC(BENZENE HEXA CHLORIDE) OR

Mixture of con.HCl anhydrous ZnCl2 is called lucas reagent.

Ethanol react with thionyl chloride to form ethylchloride.

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Mount Carmel Mission Mat. Hr. Sec. School, Kallakurichi

31.ETHYL BROMIDE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Haloalkane react with alcoholic ammonia solution to form alkyl amines.

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ii) REACTION WITH ALCOHOLIC KCN :